An environmental test clamping device and clamping method for non-standard specimens

Abstract

The present invention provides an environmental test clamping device and method for non-standard specimens. An upper support frame and a lower support frame are arranged at intervals on a column, and two specimen clamping parts capable of moving and deflecting towards each other are arranged on both the upper support frame and the lower support frame; the steps of the clamping method include: according to the position of the upper part of the non-standard specimen, vertically rotating the upper support frame to a suitable angle until the upper part of the non-standard specimen is substantially perpendicular to the first cross beam; controlling the upper support frame to vertically rotate one gear and / or the lower support frame to radially rotate one gear to clamp the non-standard specimen. By adopting the solution of the present invention, the standard testing of non-standard specimens / irregular specimens is realized, filling the technical gap of the lack of standard tooling for non-standard specimen testing, and helping to carry out tests truly, accurately and quickly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of environmental testing for non-standard specimens, and particularly relates to an environmental testing clamping device and a clamping method for non-standard specimens. Background Art

[0002] So far, in natural environmental testing, for the testing of non-standard specimens / irregular specimens, there is no general tooling fixture that can effectively fix them. In most cases, the specimens are tested by means of hooking, bundling, clamping, placing, etc. according to factors such as the holes, grooves, edges, and weights of the non-standard specimens / irregular specimens themselves. During the test, there are often problems such as a large shielding area, low ventilation and drainage performance, etc., making it difficult to meet the requirements of standardized testing. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a clamping device that can achieve standardized testing of non-standard specimens.

[0003] Common non-standard fixtures are mostly tooling fixtures separately processed by the testing unit for the non-standard specimens to be tested. It is difficult for them to meet the requirements of various natural environmental tests, with poor versatility and inability to be used in combination. They are often useless after the test period, which is a great waste of resources. Although the previously developed fixture for environmental exposure testing (CN201149597), composite board holder (document CN216525149U), and natural environmental test device for large columnar samples (CN112461739A) have good use effects, they are only applicable to clamping different models of a certain type of standard specimen and are not applicable to non-standard specimens / irregular specimens.

[0004] More critically, for some special-shaped non-standard specimens (such as shaft workpieces with spiral blades, multi-edged workpieces), currently only customized fixtures can be used for clamping, and the clamping operation is time-consuming and laborious, and the stability during the clamping process is also poor. A relatively large contact area (the contact area between the fixture and the specimen) is required to effectively fix the specimen. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve at least the technical problems mentioned in the background art, and to provide an environmental testing clamping device and a clamping method for non-standard specimens.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0007] An environmental test clamping device for non-standard specimens, in which an upper support frame and a lower support frame arranged at intervals are provided on a column, and two specimen clamping parts capable of moving towards each other are provided on both the upper support frame and the lower support frame; wherein, the upper support frame is connected to the column through a first ratchet mechanism, the axis of the first ratchet mechanism is perpendicular to the column, the lower support frame is connected to the column through a second ratchet mechanism, and the axis of the second ratchet mechanism coincides with the axis of the column. Adopting such a solution can not only cleverly realize the staggering and deflection of the clamping parts on the upper support frame and the lower support frame, so as to facilitate the clamping of different types and models of non-standard specimens / irregular specimens, but also facilitate the vertical and inclined placement of the specimens in the test environment, and at the same time facilitate the adjustment of the inclination angle of the specimens.

[0008] In order to further improve the versatility of the environmental test clamping device and further improve the stability of the specimen during the test, the specimen clamping part includes a chuck, and a number of spaced and detachable support pins are provided on the chuck.

[0009] In order to more conveniently clamp different types and models of non-standard specimens / irregular specimens, each specimen clamping part further includes a lead screw transmission mechanism. A movable nut is fitted on the lead screw of the lead screw transmission mechanism. The movable nut is fixedly connected to the chuck. The outer end of the lead screw is connected to an operating handle. By rotating the operating handle, the lead screw rotates to drive the movable nut to move along the lead screw. The support of the lead screw is fixedly connected to the support frame; taking the axis of the column (that is, the vertical center line of the column) as the midpoint / with respect to this line, two sets of lead screw transmission mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the same support frame.

[0010] In order to further improve the stability of the specimen during the test and facilitate disassembly at the same time, the chuck is made of a plate body or a sphere, and the support pins are threadedly fitted on the chuck.

[0011] Preferably, at least four support pins are provided on each chuck, and the vertices of each support pin can be adjusted to the same spherical surface.

[0012] Preferably, the upper support frame includes a first cross beam, and longitudinal connecting plates are provided at both ends of the first cross beam. The U-shaped structure is jointly formed by the first cross beam and the two connecting plates; the lower support frame includes a second cross beam, and longitudinal side plates are provided at both ends of the second cross beam. A transverse bottom frame is connected to the bottom of the second cross beam, and the bottom frame is used to support non-standard specimens.

[0013] In order to further improve the stability of the specimen during the test, a flexible self-locking strip for clamping the non-standard specimen is provided on the connecting plate.

[0014] A clamping method using the aforementioned environmental test clamping device, the steps include:

[0015] Step 1, place the non-standard specimen on the bottom frame;

[0016] Step 2: Operate the operating handle on the lower support frame to make the chucks on the lower support frame approach each other until the non-standard specimen is clamped horizontally.

[0017] Step 3: Rotate the lower support frame radially to an appropriate angle according to the offset of the upper part of the non-standard specimen until the upper part of the non-standard specimen approaches the middle of the upper support frame.

[0018] Step 4: Rotate the upper support frame vertically to an appropriate angle according to the position of the upper part of the non-standard specimen until the upper part of the non-standard specimen is basically perpendicular to the first crossbeam.

[0019] Step 5: Operate the operating handle on the upper support frame to make the chucks on the upper support frame approach each other until the upper part of the non-standard specimen is preliminarily clamped.

[0020] Step 6: Control the upper support frame to rotate vertically by one gear and / or the lower support frame to rotate radially by one gear again to clamp the non-standard specimen.

[0021] Preferably, when clamping the non-standard specimen, the end or the part where the edge angle of the non-standard specimen is located is clamped between the supporting pins.

[0022] Preferably, the supporting pin has a semi-ellipsoidal element, and a screw rod is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the semi-ellipsoidal element.

[0023] Beneficial effects: By using the environmental test clamping device of the present invention, not only can it effectively clamp and fix special-shaped non-standard specimens (such as shaft workpieces with spiral blades and multi-edge workpieces) quickly, flexibly and stably, but also can clamp and fix standard specimens (especially spheres). Effective fixation of the specimen can be achieved with a relatively small contact area (the contact area between the fixture and the specimen), avoiding inaccurate test data caused by large-area contact between the fixture and the specimen. By adopting the solution of the present invention, the standard testing of non-standard specimens / irregular specimens is realized, filling the technical gap of no standard tooling for non-standard specimen testing, and helping to carry out tests truly, accurately and quickly. The environmental test clamping device of the present invention has a compact structure, a small volume and a small shielding area, can flexibly adjust the clamping height and width, can flexibly match the specimen contour, ensure the specimen is stable and reliable during testing, and will not shift or shake during the test process. Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the environmental test clamping device in Embodiment 1;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a front view schematic diagram of the environmental test clamping device in Embodiment 1;

[0026] Figure 3It is a schematic diagram after the upper support frame and the lower support frame of the environmental test clamping device in Embodiment 1 rotate relative to each other;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the usage state of the environmental test clamping device in Embodiment 2;

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the usage state of the environmental test clamping device in Embodiment 3;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the usage state of the environmental test clamping device in Embodiment 4;

[0030] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the support pins of the environmental test clamping device in the embodiment. Embodiment

[0031] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. However, the description of the following embodiments is only used to help understand the principle and core idea of the present invention, and does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, improvements made to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention. Embodiment

[0032] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, an environmental test clamping device for non-standard specimens includes a column 1, which is fixed at a designated position in the test environment (such as on a support structure such as a steel beam or a test bench). A plurality of mounting parts with different heights are provided on the column 1, and these mounting parts are equipped with mounting ratchet mechanisms; an upper support frame and a lower support frame arranged at intervals are provided on the column 1, and two sample clamping parts that can move towards each other are provided on both the upper support frame and the lower support frame; among them, the upper support frame is connected to the column 1 through a first ratchet mechanism 21, and the axis of the first ratchet mechanism 21 is perpendicular to the column 1. The lower support frame is connected to the column 1 through a second ratchet mechanism 22, and the axis of the second ratchet mechanism 22 coincides with the axis of the column 1. Among them, the sample clamping part includes a chuck 10, the chuck 10 is spherical, and a number of support pins 11 arranged at intervals and detachable are provided on the chuck 10. The support pins 11 are in threaded fit with the chuck 10. Eight support pins 11 are provided on each chuck 10, and the vertices of each support pin 11 can be adjusted to the same spherical surface. The support height can be adjusted by adjusting the screwing depth of the support pins 11. Among them, as Figure 7 shown, the support pin 11 has a semi-ellipsoidal element 19, and a screw 20 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the semi-ellipsoidal element 19.

[0033] In this embodiment: Each specimen clamping part further includes a lead screw drive mechanism. A movable nut 13 is fitted on the lead screw 23 of the lead screw drive mechanism. The movable nut 13 is fixedly connected to the chuck 10. The outer end of the lead screw 23 is connected to the operating handle 12. By rotating the operating handle 12, the lead screw 23 is driven to rotate, thereby driving the movable nut 13 to move along the lead screw 23. The support of the lead screw 23 is fixedly connected to the support frame; with the axis of the column 1 as the midpoint, two sets of lead screw drive mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the same support frame. Among them, the upper support frame includes a first cross beam 14. Longitudinally arranged connecting plates 15 are provided at both ends of the first cross beam 14. The U-shaped structure is jointly formed by the first cross beam 14 and the two connecting plates 15; the lower support frame includes a second cross beam 16. Longitudinally arranged side plates 17 are provided at both ends of the second cross beam 16. A horizontally arranged bottom frame 18 is connected to the bottom of the second cross beam 16. The non-standard specimen is supported on the bottom frame 18. A flexible self-locking strip (similar to a lockable binding belt) for clamping the non-standard specimen is further provided on the connecting plate 14. In this embodiment, the lead screw drive mechanism connected to the upper support frame is arranged on the back of the first cross beam 14, and the lead screw drive mechanism connected to the lower support frame is arranged below the bottom frame 18. Each chuck 10 is fixedly connected to the movable nut 13 through a connecting rod 24. Strip-shaped slots are provided on both the first cross beam 14 and the bottom frame 18. The connecting rod 24 passes through the strip-shaped slots and can move along the slots. Embodiment

[0034] A clamping method using the clamping device in Embodiment 1 for clamping and fixing a specimen of a workpiece (special-shaped spiral member 32) as shown in Figure 1 is as follows:

[0035] Step 1: Place the non-standard specimen (vertically) on the bottom frame 18;

[0036] Step 2: Operate the operating handle 12 on the lower support frame to make the chucks 10 on the lower support frame move closer to each other until the non-standard specimen is clamped horizontally;

[0037] Step 3: Rotate the lower support frame radially to an appropriate angle according to the offset of the upper part of the non-standard specimen until the upper part of the non-standard specimen is close to the middle of the upper support frame;

[0038] Step 4: Rotate the upper support frame vertically to an appropriate angle according to the position of the edges and corners (corners / tips of the special-shaped spiral member) of the upper part of the non-standard specimen (the state at this time is as shown in Figure 4 ) until the upper part of the non-standard specimen is basically perpendicular to the first cross beam 14;

[0039] Step 5: Operate the operating handle 12 on the upper support frame to make the chucks 10 on the upper support frame move closer to each other until the upper part of the non-standard specimen is preliminarily clamped;

[0040] Step 6, control the lower support frame to radially rotate one gear again to clamp the non-standard specimen. Herein, clamping the non-standard specimen means clamping the part where the edges and corners of the non-standard specimen are located between the supporting pins 11. Example

[0041] A clamping method using the environmental test clamping device in Example 1, used for clamping and fixing a specimen of a workpiece (a non-standard small aircraft component 31) as shown in Figure 1 shown, the steps include:

[0042] Step 1, place the non-standard specimen (placed obliquely within a set angle range) on the bottom frame 18;

[0043] Step 2, operate the operating handle 12 on the lower support frame to make the chucks 10 on the lower support frame approach each other until the non-standard specimen is clamped horizontally;

[0044] Step 3, according to the offset of the upper part of the non-standard specimen, radially rotate the lower support frame to an appropriate angle until the upper part of the non-standard specimen approaches the middle of the upper support frame;

[0045] Step 4, according to the position of the edges and corners (the wing plate 33 of the non-standard small aircraft component 31) of the upper part of the non-standard specimen, vertically rotate the upper support frame to an appropriate angle (as shown at this time in Figure 5 shown) until the upper part of the non-standard specimen is basically perpendicular to the first cross beam 14;

[0046] Step 24, operate the operating handle 12 on the upper support frame to make the chucks 10 on the upper support frame approach each other until the upper part of the non-standard specimen is preliminarily clamped;

[0047] Step 6, control the lower support frame to radially rotate one gear again to clamp the non-standard specimen. Herein, clamping the non-standard specimen means clamping the part where the edges and corners of the non-standard specimen are located between the supporting pins 11. Example

[0048] A clamping method using the environmental test clamping device in Example 1, used for clamping and fixing a specimen of a workpiece (a bent exhaust pipe 30 with a torsion angle) as shown in Figure 1 shown, the steps include:

[0049] Step 1, place the non-standard specimen (placed vertically) on the bottom frame 18;

[0050] Step 2, operate the operating handle 12 on the lower support frame to make the chucks 10 on the lower support frame approach each other until the non-standard specimen is clamped horizontally;

[0051] Step 3, according to the offset of the upper part of the non-standard specimen, radially rotate the lower support frame to an appropriate angle (the state at this time is as shown in Figure 6 shown) until the upper part of the non-standard specimen approaches the middle of the upper support frame;

[0052] Step 4: Rotate the upper support frame vertically to an appropriate angle according to the position of the sharp corners on the upper part of the non-standard specimen until the upper part of the non-standard specimen is basically perpendicular to the first crossbeam 14.

[0053] Step 5: Operate the operating handle 12 on the upper support frame to make the chucks 10 on the upper support frame approach each other until the upper part of the non-standard specimen is preliminarily clamped.

[0054] Step 6: Control the lower support frame to rotate radially by one gear again to clamp the non-standard specimen. Clamping the non-standard specimen means clamping the part where the end of the non-standard specimen is located between the supporting pins 11. Embodiment

[0055] A clamping method using the environmental test clamping device in Embodiment 1, which is used to clamp and fix a workpiece (sphere) specimen as shown in Figure 1 The steps include:

[0056] Step 1: Place the non-standard specimen on the chassis 18.

[0057] Step 2: Operate the operating handle 12 on the lower support frame to make the chucks 10 on the lower support frame approach each other until the non-standard specimen is clamped horizontally.

[0058] Step 3: Rotate the lower support frame radially to an appropriate angle according to the offset of the upper part of the non-standard specimen (regarded as no offset) (at this time, the lower support frame is directly above the lower support frame) until the upper part of the non-standard specimen approaches the middle of the upper support frame.

[0059] Step 4: Rotate the upper support frame vertically to an appropriate angle until the upper part of the non-standard specimen is basically perpendicular to the first crossbeam 14.

[0060] Step 5: Operate the operating handle 12 on the upper support frame to make the chucks 10 on the upper support frame approach each other until the upper part of the non-standard specimen is clamped or pressed tightly.

[0061] The environmental test clamping device in the embodiment can not only effectively clamp and fix special-shaped non-standard samples (such as shaft workpieces with spiral leaves, multi-angle workpieces, and workpieces with torsion angles) quickly, flexibly and stably, but also clamp and fix standard samples (such as spheres). The sample can be effectively fixed with a smaller contact area (contact area between the fixture and the sample), avoiding inaccurate test data caused by large-area contact of the fixture with the sample; the scheme of the present invention is adopted to achieve standard testing of non-standard samples / irregular samples, fill the technical gap of non-standard sample testing without standard tooling, and help to carry out tests truly, accurately and quickly; the environmental test clamping device of the present invention has a compact structure, small size, small shielding area, can flexibly adjust the clamping height and width, can flexibly match the sample contour, ensure that the sample is stable and reliable during the test, and will not shift or shake during the test.

[0062] In the present invention, one of the key points is that the upper support frame can rotate vertically and the lower support frame can rotate radially, which cleverly realizes that the clamping parts on the upper support frame and the lower support frame are staggered and deflected from each other, so as to facilitate the clamping of non-standard specimens / irregular specimens of different types and models, and facilitate the vertical and oblique placement of the specimen in the test environment, and at the same time facilitate the adjustment of the inclination angle of the specimen; the second key point is to clamp the specimen with the help of the support pins on the chuck, and use the radial rotation of the support frame to one gear to clamp the non-standard specimen, at this time, the workpiece is tightened (twisted), which is particularly suitable for clamping oblique workpieces and workpieces with torsion angles. Example

[0063] A clamping device for environmental testing of non-standard specimens, referring to Example 1, mainly differs from Example 1 in that: the lead screw transmission mechanism is omitted, and the connecting plates 15 on both sides of the first crossbeam 14 and the side plates 17 on both sides of the base frame 18 are used as the specimen clamping parts, the connecting plates 15 and the side plates 17 are detachably connected in the strip seams by fasteners, and the relative positions of the connecting plates 15 and the side plates 17 can be adjusted as needed, a plurality of mounting holes are respectively provided on the base frame 18, the connecting plates 15 and the side plates 17, and support nails 11 are selectively installed through the mounting holes, and the corresponding support nails 11 are installed according to the contour of the workpiece during use to fix the workpiece. Example

[0064] An environmental test clamping device for non-standard specimens, referring to Example 1, is mainly different from Example 1 in that the clamping head 10 is omitted, and a connecting rod 24 connected to a movable nut 13 and a supporting pin 11 installed on the connecting rod 24 are directly used as the specimen clamping part. The environmental test clamping device in this embodiment is mainly suitable for clamping non-standard specimens with multiple parallel edges.

[0065] In each embodiment, the first ratchet mechanism 21 and the second ratchet mechanism 22 both adopt a common disc-shaped ratchet mechanism, and the pawl of the disc-shaped ratchet mechanism is located on the end face of the disc. Among them, the disc of the first ratchet mechanism 21 is installed on the back of the first cross beam 14, and its check pawl and its connecting member are installed on the column 1; the disc of the second ratchet mechanism 22 is installed on the column 1 and close to the side of the chassis 18, and its check pawl and its connecting member are installed on the column 1 and above the disc. In the present invention, rotating one gear means rotating the disc of the ratchet mechanism so that its check pawl straddles one pawl, that is, the check pawl moves from one side of a certain pawl to the other side.

Claims

1. A clamping method using an environmental test clamping device, characterized in that the environmental test clamping device includes: an upper support frame and a lower support frame arranged at intervals on a column (1), and two specimen clamping parts capable of moving towards each other are arranged on both the upper support frame and the lower support frame; wherein, the upper support frame is connected to the column (1) through a first ratchet mechanism (21), the axis of the first ratchet mechanism (21) is perpendicular to the column (1), the lower support frame is connected to the column (1) through a second ratchet mechanism (22), and the axis of the second ratchet mechanism (22) coincides with the axis of the column (1); the specimen clamping part includes a chuck (10), and a number of spaced and detachable stud nails (11) are arranged on the chuck (10); each specimen clamping part further includes a lead screw transmission mechanism, a lead screw (23) of the lead screw transmission mechanism is matched with a movable nut (13), the movable nut (13) is fixedly connected to the chuck (10), the outer end of the lead screw (23) is connected to an operating handle (12), by rotating the operating handle (12) to drive the lead screw (23) to rotate and then drive the movable nut (13) to move along the lead screw (23), and the support of the lead screw (23) is fixedly connected to the support frame; taking the axis of the column (1) as the midpoint, two sets of lead screw transmission mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on the same support frame; the upper support frame includes a first cross beam (14), and longitudinal connecting plates (15) are arranged at both ends of the first cross beam (14), and a U-shaped structure is jointly formed by the first cross beam (14) and the two connecting plates (15); the lower support frame includes a second cross beam (16), longitudinal side plates (17) are arranged at both ends of the second cross beam (16), and a transverse bottom frame (18) is connected to the bottom of the second cross beam (16), and the bottom frame (18) is used to support non-standard specimens; the chuck (10) is in the form of a plate or a sphere, and the stud nails (11) are threadedly engaged on the chuck (10); The steps of the clamping method include: Step 1, place the non-standard specimen on the bottom frame (18); Step 2, operate the operating handle (12) on the lower support frame to make the chucks (10) on the lower support frame move towards each other until the non-standard specimen is transversely clamped; Step 3, according to the offset of the upper part of the non-standard specimen, radially rotate the lower support frame to an appropriate angle until the upper part of the non-standard specimen approaches the middle of the upper support frame; Step 4, according to the position of the upper part of the non-standard specimen, vertically rotate the upper support frame to an appropriate angle until the upper part of the non-standard specimen is basically perpendicular to the first cross beam (14); Step 5, operate the operating handle (12) on the upper support frame to make the chucks (10) on the upper support frame move towards each other until the upper part of the non-standard specimen is preliminarily clamped; Step 6, control the upper support frame to vertically rotate one gear and / or the lower support frame to radially rotate one gear again to clamp the non-standard specimen.

2. The clamping method according to claim 1, wherein: At least four stud nails (11) are arranged on each chuck (10), and the vertices of each stud nail (11) can be adjusted to the same spherical surface.

3. The clamping method according to claim 2, wherein: A flexible self-locking strip for tightening the non-standard specimen is arranged on the connecting plate (15).

4. The clamping method according to claim 3, wherein: Clamping the non-standard specimen means clamping the end or the angular part of the non-standard specimen between the stud nails (11).

5. The clamping method according to claim 4, wherein: The described support pin (11) has a semi-ellipsoidal element (19), and a screw (20) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the semi-ellipsoidal element (19).

Images