A method of sublevel room and pillar mining with waste rock trailing

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of segmented ore room waste rock follow filling mining method, after caving ore mining is completed, before waste rock filling, capsule is arranged in mined-out area, and fluid material is filled in capsule to make it expand to separate caving ore body and filling waste rock, then caving ore body is blasted and mined, capsule is broken under the action of blasting impact, at this time, the volume occupied by capsule disappears, as blasting compensation space in the process of ore blasting, at the same time, broken capsule is located between caving ore and filling waste rock, and it is offset to filling waste rock side with caving ore, which effectively separates caving ore and filling waste rock, and finally, the mining operation is carried out, when shovel loader is loaded to the bottom of broken capsule, the mining operation can be stopped. Then the next operation cycle is continued, and so on. The application can provide free surface for caving ore body blasting, and isolate caving ore and filling waste rock from contact, to avoid dilution.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of underground mining of metal mines, and particularly relates to a mining method of waste rock following filling in a sublevel ore room. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the one-step continuous stoping process of a sublevel ore room in an underground metal mine, the waste rock following filling method is widely used, and has the advantages of no inter-column, continuous operation, high production efficiency, and no waste rock out of the pit. However, it also faces technical problems, mainly reflected in that the filling waste rock contacts the to-be-caved ore body, and the to-be-caved ore body region has no free surface for blasting, which affects the caving effect. Even if the maximum allowed exposed space is reserved between the to-be-caved ore body and the filling body, the caved ore may be thrown by blasting into the goaf and contact the waste rock filling body, resulting in ore dilution or loss.

[0003] In summary, the existing mining method of waste rock following filling in a sublevel ore room needs to be improved. SUMMARY

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a mining method of waste rock following filling in a sublevel ore room, which can provide a free surface for blasting of a to-be-caved ore body, effectively separate caved ore from filling waste rock, and avoid dilution.

[0005] To this end, the mining method of waste rock following filling in a sublevel ore room provided by the present application comprises:

[0006] After the caved ore is mined out, before the waste rock is filled, a capsule is arranged in the goaf, and a fluid material is filled into the capsule to expand and separate the to-be-caved ore body from the filling waste rock. At the same time, the capsule shields the ore-out roadway to prevent the filling waste rock from entering the ore-out roadway.

[0007] Then, the to-be-caved ore body is blasted and caved. The capsule ruptures under the blasting impact, and at this time, the volume occupied by the capsule disappears, serving as a blasting compensation space during ore blasting. At the same time, the ruptured capsule is located between the caved ore and the filling waste rock, and synchronously shifts with the caved ore towards the filling waste rock side, effectively separating the caved ore from the filling waste rock.

[0008] Finally, the ore-out operation is performed. When the shovel-truck shovels to the bottom of the ruptured capsule, the ore-out operation stops, and then the next operation cycle is continued, and the process is repeated.

[0009] Specifically, the capsule is divided into an upper air chamber and a lower water chamber. The water chamber of the capsule is water-filled to expand and adhere to the floor and two sides of the ore-out roadway. The air chamber of the capsule is inflated to expand and stand upright in the goaf and adhere to the to-be-caved ore body. Under the blasting impact, the water chamber and the air chamber of the capsule both rupture.

[0010] Specifically, the top end of the capsule is located at the middle upper part of the to-be-collapsed ore body after the inflation chamber is unfolded vertically.

[0011] Specifically, the inflation chamber and the water filling chamber are respectively provided with an inflation valve and a water injection valve.

[0012] Specifically, the specific process of waste rock filling in the goaf is as follows: the waste rock is directly loaded and unloaded into the goaf by a shovel loader in the previous section of the roadway, and gradually filled to the position of the capsule; when the waste rock contacts and approaches the top end of the capsule, the filling is stopped.

[0013] Specifically, the side surface of the capsule near the side of the to-be-collapsed ore body is provided with a plurality of weak parts which are easy to be damaged.

[0014] Specifically, the broken capsule serves as the boundary between the collapsed ore and the filling waste rock, and the mining is stopped when the shovel loader loads to the bottom position of the broken capsule.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present application has at least the following beneficial effects: before the waste rock filling after the collapsed ore is mined, the to-be-collapsed ore body and the filling waste rock are separated by arranging the inflatable capsule in the goaf, and the inflatable capsule is designed to be blasted and opened during the ore collapse process, so that the volume occupied by the inflatable capsule disappears, thereby using the space originally occupied by the inflatable capsule as a blasting compensation space during the ore blasting process, and at the same time, the broken capsule is located between the collapsed ore and the filling waste rock, and synchronously deviates with the collapsed ore towards the filling waste rock side, which effectively separates the collapsed ore and the filling waste rock, thereby preventing the collapsed ore from contacting the filling waste rock, guiding the mining operation, and reducing the ore dilution or loss. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative effort.

[0017] Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the capsule before inflation provided by the mining method of the embodiments of the present application;

[0018] Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the capsule after inflation and waste rock filling provided by the mining method of the embodiments of the present application;

[0019] Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the blasting and collapsing of the mining method provided by the embodiments of the present application;

[0020] Wherein: 1, the ore body to be caved; 2, the waste rock filling; 3, the capsule; 4, the mined-out area; 5, the water filling chamber; 6, the air filling chamber; 7, the air filling valve; 8, the water filling valve; 9, the upper sublevel filling roadway; 10, the caved ore; 11, the shovel-truck. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0022] Reference Figs. 1-3 A mining method of sublevel ore room follow-up filling, comprising:

[0023] After the caving of the ore 10 is completed, the capsule 3 is arranged in the mined-out area 4 before the waste rock filling, and fluid substances are filled into the capsule 3 to make it expand, so as to separate the ore body to be caved 1 and the waste rock filling 2, and the capsule 3 also shields the caving roadway to prevent the waste rock filling 2 from entering the caving roadway.

[0024] Then the ore body to be caved 1 is blasted and caved, and the capsule 3 is broken under the blasting impact, at this time, the volume occupied by the capsule 3 disappears, and the capsule 3 serves as a blasting compensation space in the process of ore blasting, so that the space originally occupied by the expanded capsule 3 is used as a blasting compensation space in the process of ore blasting, and the broken capsule 3 is located between the caved ore 10 and the waste rock filling 2, and synchronously deviates with the caved ore 10 towards the waste rock filling 2, so as to effectively separate the caved ore 10 and the waste rock filling 2, thereby preventing the caved ore 10 from contacting the waste rock filling 2, and guiding the caving operation to reduce the ore dilution or loss; and under the blasting impact, the deviation of the upper part of the capsule 3 is greater than that of the lower part, so that the interface between the caved ore 10 and the waste rock filling 2 is an inclined surface, which is also beneficial to the shovel-truck of the caved ore 10.

[0025] Finally, the caving operation is performed, and the shovel-truck stops caving when the shovel-truck shovels to the position of the bottom of the broken capsule. Then the next operation cycle is continued, and the process is repeated.

[0026] It should be explained that the fluid substances filled into the capsule 3 can be gaseous substances such as air and nitrogen or liquid water, but when the entire capsule 3 is filled with gaseous substances, the weight of the capsule 3 is very light, and the waste rock will squeeze and cause the capsule to move during the waste rock filling process, which causes the waste rock to enter the caving roadway, affecting the ore recovery. However, when all the liquid water is used, the water injection amount is increased, which affects the mining cost.

[0027] To this end, the application provides another innovative solution, specifically, see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 The capsule 3 is divided into an upper inflatable chamber 6 and a lower water-filled chamber 5, the water-filled chamber 5 of the capsule 3 is filled with water to expand and fit the floor and two sides of the ore roadway, the inflatable chamber 6 of the capsule 3 is inflated to expand and stand upright in the goaf 4 and tightly fit the to-be-collapsed ore body 1, under the action of blasting impact, the water-filled chamber 5 and the inflatable chamber 6 of the capsule 3 are broken, such a design can realize the compaction of the entire capsule 3 by using the water-filled chamber 5 after filling with water, avoid the movement of the capsule caused by the extrusion of waste rock after filling, and cause the waste rock to enter the ore roadway, on the other hand, after the water-filled chamber 5 is broken, the water flows out into the collapsed ore body accumulation, which can realize dust reduction.

[0028] See Figs. 1-3 The specific mining process using the above capsule 3 is as follows:

[0029] After the ore collapsed in the previous mining sequence is discharged, before the waste rock filling in the goaf 4, the capsule 3 is laid flat in the ore roadway, the capsule 3 is divided into an upper inflatable chamber 6 and a lower water-filled chamber 5, after laying, the water-filled chamber 5 of the capsule 3 is located in the ore roadway near the goaf 4, and the top end of the inflatable chamber 6 extends to the middle-upper part of the to-be-collapsed ore body 1 in the goaf 4;

[0030] The water-filled chamber 5 is filled with water through the water filling valve 8 on the capsule 3, so that the water-filled chamber 5 is tightly placed on the floor and two sides of the ore roadway, and is used to fix the entire capsule 3; then, the inflatable chamber 6 is filled with gas through the gas filling valve 7, and the pressure of the inflatable chamber 6 is maintained, the inflatable chamber 6 after being inflated expands and stands upright in the goaf 4, and tightly fits on the to-be-collapsed ore body 1, under the gravity of the water in the water-filled chamber 5, the entire capsule 3 will not move, avoiding the movement of the air bag caused by the extrusion of the waste rock;

[0031] The shovel loader 11 is used to directly shovel and load the waste rock in the previous section of the roadway and unload it into the goaf 4, and gradually fill it to the position of the capsule 3, when the waste rock contacts and approaches the top end of the capsule 3, the filling can be stopped, the capsule 3 is between the to-be-collapsed ore body 1 and the filled waste rock 2, which can realize the blocking of the waste rock.

[0032] After the waste rock filling of the goaf 4 is completed, the ore body 1 to be caved is blasted and mined, and in the caving process, the water filling chamber 5 and the gas filling chamber 6 will be blasted and opened, the gas will diffuse, and the water will flow out. At this time, the volume occupied by the capsule 3 after being filled with gas and water disappears, so that the space originally occupied by the capsule 3 is used as a blasting compensation space in the ore blasting process. At the same time, the broken capsule 3 is located between the caved ore 10 and the filling waste rock 2, and synchronously deviates with the caved ore 10 towards the filling waste rock 2, which effectively separates the caved ore 10 and the filling waste rock 2, thereby preventing the caved ore 10 from contacting the filling waste rock 2 and reducing the ore dilution or loss.

[0033] After the ore body 1 to be caved is blasted, the scraper 11 is used for ore mining, and the capsule 3 after blasting is located between the caved ore 10 and the filling waste rock 2, which can also be used as a boundary and marker between waste rock and ore, and can be used to guide the ore mining operation, which can effectively control the dilution and loss of ore.

[0034] After the caved ore 10 is mined, the next operation cycle is continued, and the process is repeated.

[0035] The capsule 3 is made of flexible materials such as rubber, and in order to make the capsule 3 smoothly blast and break in the caving process, a plurality of weak parts that are easy to break are provided on the side surface of the capsule 3 close to the ore body 1 to be caved. The weak parts are distributed in a lattice pattern on the capsule 3. The weak parts in the present application make the capsule 3 more easily broken at the weak part position, so that the fluid material in the capsule 3 can be quickly and smoothly released, thereby forming a blasting compensation space. The weak part can be formed by thinning the thickness of the capsule 3 at the position, or other materials with low strength can be used.

[0036] In addition, it can be understood that in actual application, in order to effectively separate the caved ore 10 and the filling waste rock 2 and prevent the caved ore 10 from mixing into the filling waste rock 2 and causing dilution, the capsule 3 can be designed to only break at the weak part, and the other parts do not break. Such a design makes it possible to effectively separate the caved ore 10 and the filling waste rock 2 by the intact capsule wall located on the side of the filling waste rock 2.

[0037] The above embodiments are only examples for clearly illustrating the present application, and are not limitations on the embodiments. Based on the above description, other different forms of changes or variations can be made by those skilled in the art. Here, all the embodiments do not need to be exhausted, and the obvious changes or variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for segmented stope-following filling mining, characterized in that, include: After the ore from the previous mining sequence has been mined, before the waste rock is filled in the goaf (4), a capsule is placed in the goaf and fluid is filled into the capsule (3) to expand it and separate the ore body (1) to be mined and the waste rock (2). At the same time, the capsule covers the ore roadway to prevent the waste rock from entering the ore roadway. Afterwards, the ore body (1) to be collapsed is blasted to remove the ore. The capsule (3) is broken under the impact of the blasting. At this time, the volume occupied by the capsule (3) disappears, serving as the blasting compensation space during the ore blasting process. At the same time, the broken capsule (3) is located between the collapsed ore (10) and the filling waste rock (2). It shifts synchronously with the collapsed ore (10) towards the filling waste rock (2), effectively separating the collapsed ore (10) and the filling waste rock (2). Finally, the ore extraction operation is carried out. When the loader loads the ore to the bottom of the capsule, the extraction is stopped, and then the next operation cycle is started, and so on. The capsule (3) is divided into an upper air chamber (6) and a lower water chamber (5). Water is injected into the water chamber (5) of the capsule (3) to make it expand and fit against the bottom plate and sides of the ore roadway. The air chamber (6) of the capsule (3) is inflated so that the air chamber (6) unfolds and stands upright in the goaf (4) and is close to the ore body (1) to be collapsed. Under the impact of blasting, both the water chamber (5) and the air chamber (6) of the capsule (3) rupture.

2. The segmented stope-following filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the air chamber (6) is opened vertically, the top of the capsule (3) is located in the upper middle part of the ore body (1) to be collapsed.

3. The segmented stope-following filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air chamber (6) and the water chamber (5) are respectively equipped with an air filling valve (7) and a water filling valve (8).

4. The segmented stope-following filling mining method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The specific process of filling the goaf (4) with waste rock is as follows: In the previous section roadway, the waste rock is directly shoveled and unloaded into the goaf (4) by a loader (11), and gradually filled to the position of the capsule (3). When the waste rock contacts the capsule (3) and approaches the top of the capsule (3), the filling can be stopped.

5. The segmented stope-following filling mining method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The capsule (3) has several weak points on the side of the ore body (1) that are easy to break. When the capsule (3) breaks, only the weak points are damaged.

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