Apparatus for cutting soil in situ within a borehole and method of use thereof

Abstract

The application provides a device for cutting soil in-situ in a borehole and a method for using the same. The device comprises a base, a cavity is arranged in the base; a cutting mechanism is arranged on the base, the cutting mechanism comprises a driven driving part arranged in the cavity and a cutting part located at the opposite end of the driven driving part; a telescopic driving mechanism is arranged on the top of the base and connected to the cutting mechanism, the telescopic driving mechanism can drive the cutting mechanism to extend along the length direction of the cutting mechanism; a rotary driving mechanism is arranged on the bottom of the base, the rotary driving mechanism comprises a driving part arranged in the cavity, the rotary driving mechanism can drive the cutting mechanism to rotate around the axis of the length direction of the cutting mechanism through the cooperation of the driving part and the driven driving part, so that the cutting part cuts the soil along the plane perpendicular to the length direction. According to the device for cutting soil in-situ in a borehole provided by the application, the testing surface of the in-hole test can be a plane.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and in particular to a device capable of cutting soil in-situ in a borehole and a method of use thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The shear strength parameter of soil is a key index for engineering foundation design and is the basis for stability analysis of the foundation of a building, and is related to the economy and safety of the entire project. At present, the shear strength parameter of soil is mainly obtained by indoor shear test or in-situ (or field) borehole shear test. The indoor test has poor representativeness due to the size limitation of the test sample; the in-situ shear test directly obtains the mechanical parameter of soil under the natural structure and stress environment of the soil by applying an external load to the soil at the operation point, thereby overcoming the shortcomings of soil disturbance and size effect in the indoor test, and the obtained soil strength parameter is more accurate.

[0003] Among them, there are many types of soil, such as loess, which is a collapsible soil, and the particle arrangement structure has a large difference in the vertical and horizontal directions. When it rains, the loess slope will be water collapsible, and the structural strength will be greatly reduced, thereby causing large-area landslides. Therefore, the research on the anisotropic permeability parameter of loess is imminent.

[0004] In the process of implementing the present application, the inventors have found that there are at least the following problems in the prior art:

[0005] The existing in-situ soil testing device has the following shortcomings:

[0006] Lateral pressure apparatus: lateral pressure apparatus includes pre-drilling type, self-drilling type and pressure type, among which the pressure type has obvious extrusion effect on soil and is rarely used.

[0007] The pre-drilling lateral pressure apparatus is represented by the French Menard lateral pressure apparatus, which needs to be pre-drilled. After years of development, the product has realized automatic functions (such as Geospad2 Menard lateral pressure apparatus, GeoPAC automatic control Menard lateral pressure apparatus, etc.), including automatic data acquisition, automatic execution of test according to set steps, self-restraint of elastic film and correction of comprehensive deformation, etc.

[0008] The self-drilling lateral pressure apparatus is capable of completing drilling, lateral pressure apparatus, positioning and test at one time, and has the characteristic of small disturbance degree to the soil of the hole wall.

[0009] The French PAF and the British Camkometer lateral pressure apparatus in the 1970s are represented by the French PAF and the British Camkometer lateral pressure apparatus, which have been updated for several generations of products. At present, they have realized digitization and automation, and have flexible operation and high precision. Moreover, the obtained parameters do not need to be corrected by experience.

[0010] Multifunctional side pressure instrument: the probe of the third generation of French bridge type side pressure instrument (PAF-76 type) can be replaced by other functional devices (such as shear instrument, permeation instrument and friction instrument, etc.), achieving the purpose of one hole with multiple functions. In the late 1990s, Xu Guangli, Maotian Liangdao and others developed an in-situ shear combined side pressure tester, which can simultaneously measure mechanical parameters such as shear strength and deformation modulus. Later, it was improved into a self-drilling in-situ shear side pressure tester.

[0011] Flat dilatometer test instrument: one of the biggest features of flat dilatometer test is that it can provide stress history information of soil. Based on this, the influence of stress history on the estimation of compression modulus of soil in over-consolidated or under-consolidated state can be well considered. The mainstream flat dilatometer equipment on the market currently includes two types: standard flat dilatometer (DMT) and seismic flat dilatometer (SDMT). Flat dilatometer test has the advantages of simple operation, continuous testing, small disturbance, low cost and good repeatability. It can use static sounding penetration equipment or drilling machine to directly press the flat dilatometer into the soil. However, due to the small central membrane area of the flat dilatometer probe, when the soil particle composition contains a large amount of stones, it is easy to cause uneven stress or difficult to penetrate, which may cause large dispersion of test data or damage the membrane. Therefore, flat dilatometer test is not suitable for gravel soil or soil containing random stones, and the stress direction of the soil is not consistent with the actual load direction of the soil. The test results are based on statistical analysis and empirical formula, and the results have regional properties.

[0012] Plate load test instrument: plate load test is one of the earliest, most widely used and longest applied soil testing methods. It is an in-situ test that applies load on a rigid bearing plate of a certain size in stages and observes the deformation of natural foundation soil under each level of load. Changchun Institute of Engineering has developed a deep plate load test device SP-1, which can measure up to 100m deep, eliminate the influence of depth on displacement, force transmission column and hole wall friction on load measurement value, and realize automatic display, storage and printing functions. Some scholars have developed a simple plate load test device that is not limited by the site. This device uses the soil around the test point as the counterforce of the weight, realizing the test in areas with poor transportation conditions. Wireless data transmission technology has been realized in load test in developed countries in Europe and America, with the characteristics of absolute controllability and high efficiency of operation. The operator does not need to operate closely in a high-risk environment. Korea Maritime University has developed a small spiral plate load test instrument, which reduces the size of the traditional spiral plate from 160mm to 75mm, allowing direct load testing in the borehole. At the same time, hydraulic instead of pneumatic cylinder device is adopted, reducing the weight of the test instrument. However, overall, plate load test has the disadvantages of relatively complicated operation, heavy equipment and high test cost.

[0013] In general, the existing in-situ soil borehole testing device has the following disadvantages: the testing surface of the in-situ borehole testing is curved rather than flat, which causes large difference in the collected data; or the existing device is limited to cutting soil in a single direction; or the size of the previous cutting device is large, which has large disturbance to the soil and is difficult to preserve the integrity of the soil; or the previous cutting device is difficult to operate.

[0014] Therefore, there is a need for a device for cutting soil in-situ in a borehole and a method thereof to at least partially solve the above technical problems. SUMMARY

[0015] The device for cutting soil in-situ in a borehole and the method thereof can realize that the testing surface of the in-situ borehole testing is flat.

[0016] In a first aspect, the present application provides a device for cutting soil in-situ in a borehole, which comprises:

[0017] a base, wherein a receiving cavity is arranged in the base;

[0018] a cutting mechanism arranged to the base, wherein the cutting mechanism comprises a driven driving part arranged in the receiving cavity and a cutting part located at the opposite end of the driven driving part;

[0019] a telescopic driving mechanism arranged to the top of the base and connected to the cutting mechanism, which can drive the cutting mechanism to extend relative to the base along the length extension direction thereof; and

[0020] a rotary driving mechanism arranged to the bottom of the base, wherein the rotary driving mechanism comprises a driving part arranged in the receiving cavity, and the rotary driving mechanism can drive the cutting mechanism to rotate around the axis of the length extension direction thereof via the cooperation of the driving part and the driven driving part, so that the cutting part cuts soil along a plane perpendicular to the axis of the length extension direction.

[0021] According to the device for cutting soil in-situ in a borehole, the cutting part of the cutting mechanism can extend outwardly until embedded in the soil of the borehole wall of the pre-prepared borehole under the action of the telescopic driving mechanism and the rotary driving mechanism, and then rotate to cut soil along a plane, so that the testing surface of the subsequent in-situ borehole testing is flat.

[0022] Optionally, the cutting mechanism further comprises a connecting mechanism arranged along the length extension direction of the cutting mechanism and located between the driven driving part and the cutting part, the connecting mechanism comprises a spline shaft fixedly connected with the driven driving part, the other end of the spline shaft is movably inserted into a shaft sleeve, the other end of the shaft sleeve is fixedly connected with a cutter head, the cutter head is provided with a cutter for cutting soil; wherein, when the spline shaft rotates under the driving of the rotary driving mechanism, the shaft sleeve rotates in linkage; when the telescopic driving mechanism drives the cutting mechanism to telescope, the shaft sleeve telescopes relative to the spline shaft along the length extension direction.

[0023] Optionally, the side surface of the base is provided with a hole extending from the accommodating cavity to the outside of the base, the hole serving as a mounting and telescoping space of the cutting mechanism. And / or

[0024] The bottom surface of the base is also provided with a hole extending from the accommodating cavity to the outside of the base, the hole serving as a mounting space of the rotary driving mechanism.

[0025] Optionally, the end of the spline shaft inserted into the shaft sleeve is configured as a triangular column, a square column, a ladder column, a prism or a geometric column, and the corresponding end of the shaft sleeve is provided with a shape-matched insertion slot. And / or

[0026] The cutter head and the cutter are configured to be detachably connected, wherein the cutter head is provided with an embedded slot for detachable connection, and the cutter is clamped on the cutter head via the embedded slot. And / or

[0027] The cutter comprises a connecting part connected to the cutter head and a sharp part protruding from the cutter head, and preferably the longitudinal section of the sharp part is configured as a triangle.

[0028] Optionally, the telescopic driving mechanism comprises a rack guide plate provided to the top of the base, the rack guide plate is mounted with a rack, the rack is engaged to a rotatable telescopic driving gear, the rack guide plate is slidably driven by the rack along the same telescoping direction of the cutting mechanism, the rack guide plate is connected to a connecting pin extending to the cutting mechanism, the other end of the connecting pin is connected to a shaft sleeve driving mechanism sleeved on the shaft sleeve, wherein the shaft sleeve driving mechanism is configured to drive the shaft sleeve to telescope relative to the spline shaft but not to rotate with the shaft sleeve.

[0029] Optionally, the shaft sleeve driving mechanism comprises a shaft sleeve fixing sleeve, a first convex ring extending radially inward on the inner surface of the shaft sleeve fixing sleeve on the side close to the driven driving part, and a second convex ring extending radially outward on the corresponding side of the shaft sleeve; when the shaft sleeve fixing sleeve is sleeved on the shaft sleeve, the first convex ring is sleeved on the second convex ring; the inner surface of the shaft sleeve fixing sleeve outside the first convex ring is inlaid with a shaft sleeve fixing ring sleeved on the shaft sleeve, one end of the shaft sleeve fixing ring abuts on the axial end surface of the first convex ring, and the other end of the shaft sleeve fixing ring is fixed through a first stop ring and a second stop ring, the first stop ring is fixed to the shaft sleeve fixing sleeve, and the second stop ring is fixed to the shaft sleeve; wherein, the inner surface of the shaft sleeve fixing sleeve is provided with an annular first clamping groove for fixing the first stop ring, and the outer surface of the shaft sleeve is provided with an annular second clamping groove for fixing the second stop ring; the shaft sleeve fixing sleeve is provided with a insertion hole (through hole or blind hole) for connecting with the connecting pin.

[0030] and / or

[0031] The top of the base is provided with a gear shaft connected with the telescopic driving gear and a gear shaft seat for fixing the gear shaft, the gear shaft penetrates through the gear shaft seat, and the telescopic driving gear is connected to the gear shaft below the gear shaft seat. and / or

[0032] The top of the base is provided with a long strip-shaped connecting pin through hole for the connecting pin to pass through and move, and the connecting pin through hole extends along the sliding direction of the rack guide plate.

[0033] Optionally, the bottom surface of the gear shaft seat is attached to the rack guide plate, the bottom of the gear shaft seat is provided with a notch extending to the peripheral surface thereof, and the notch at least includes a region above the connecting pin, so that interference between the connecting pin and the gear shaft seat can be avoided. and / or

[0034] The top of the base is provided with a groove for accommodating and mounting the gear shaft seat, a sliding groove for the rack guide plate to slide is arranged in the groove, both ends of the sliding groove extend to the outside of the base, and when the rack guide plate is arranged in the groove, the side of the rack guide plate away from the telescopic driving gear is attached to the side surface of the groove, wherein the rack guide plate is provided with a long strip-shaped rack clamping groove for mounting the rack along the sliding direction thereof.

[0035] Optionally, the device further comprises a first motor for connecting the gear shaft and a second motor connected to the driving driving part via a transmission member.

[0036] Optionally, further comprising four sets of the cutting mechanism, the four sets of the cutting mechanism are simultaneously extended or retracted by the same amount of extension and retraction under the driving of the extension and retraction driving mechanism, and the four sets of the cutting mechanism are rotated in the same direction of rotation around the axis of the length extension direction under the driving of the rotation driving mechanism.

[0037] Optionally, further comprising four pieces of the rack guide plate, the recess is provided with a first sliding groove for sliding of two of the rack guide plates, two ends of the first sliding groove extend to the outside of the base, the recess is provided with a second sliding groove for sliding of the remaining two of the rack guide plates, two ends of the second sliding groove extend to the outside of the base, the bottom surface of the first sliding groove is higher than the bottom surface of the second sliding groove, and the first sliding groove and the second sliding groove are arranged in an intersecting manner, preferably perpendicular to each other, wherein the two rack guide plates in the first sliding groove or the second sliding groove are arranged side by side in the sliding direction of the rack guide plate.

[0038] The rack guide plate is configured to have a narrow portion at one end and a wide portion at the other end in the sliding direction of the rack guide plate, and the width of the wide portion in the direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the rack guide plate is greater than that of the narrow portion; wherein when the two rack guide plates in the first sliding groove or the second sliding groove are arranged, the wide portion of one of the rack guide plates is fitted to the narrow portion of the other rack guide plate, the narrow portion of one of the rack guide plates is fitted to the wide portion of the other rack guide plate, and a passageway is formed between the two rack guide plates, so that one of the extension and retraction driving gears arranged in the passageway can simultaneously engage four racks.

[0039] Optionally, the height of the device is 130-140mm, and the width of the device is 140-150mm.

[0040] The extension and retraction amount of the cutting mechanism is 15-20mm.

[0041] Optionally, the wide portion is provided with a through hole or a blind hole for connecting the connecting pin, and a stepped groove extending in the sliding direction of the rack guide plate is further provided at the edge corner of the wide portion close to the narrow portion and close to the extension and retraction driving gear, so as to prevent the wide portion from interfering with the rack.

[0042] Optionally, the base is configured as a block-shaped column, and the length extension direction of the cutting mechanism is perpendicular to the axial direction of the base.

[0043] Optionally, the driving part is configured as a driving bevel gear, the driven driving part is configured as a driven bevel gear, and the extension and retraction driving gear is configured as a spur gear.

[0044] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a method for cutting soil in-situ in a borehole, based on the above-mentioned device for cutting soil in-situ in a borehole, the method comprising the following steps:

[0045] The device is placed into the pre-borehole until reaching a predetermined position inside the pre-borehole;

[0046] The first motor is started and rotates forward, and the four sets of cutting mechanisms are simultaneously slowly extended outward with the same extension amount until the cutters at the outermost ends of the four sets of cutting mechanisms are embedded into the soil of the wall of the pre-borehole, and the first motor stops working;

[0047] The second motor is started and works, and the cutters of the four sets of cutting mechanisms cut soil along a plane with the same rotating direction and rotating speed until the cutting of soil is completed, and the second motor stops working;

[0048] The first motor is started again and reverses until the four sets of cutting mechanisms are retracted to the original position, the first motor stops working, and finally the device is taken out of the pre-borehole.

[0049] According to the method of the present application, the operation is simple, and the cutters cut soil along a plane, so that the testing surface for subsequent in-borehole testing is a plane, and in addition, the device can simultaneously cut soil in four directions, and the efficiency is high.

[0050] By using the technical solution according to the embodiment of the present application, the beneficial effects that can be obtained at least include:

[0051] 1. The device of the present application, the cutting part of the cutting mechanism can be extended outward and embedded into the soil of the wall of the pre-borehole under the action of the extension driving mechanism and the rotating driving mechanism, and then cut soil along a plane by rotating, so that the testing surface for in-borehole testing is a plane;

[0052] 2. The device of the present application can simultaneously cut soil in four directions, and the efficiency is high;

[0053] 3. The device of the present application is simple to operate when cutting soil.

[0054] Additional advantages, objects, and features of the application will be set forth in part by the description that follows, and will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description, or can be learned by practice of the application. The advantages of the application will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.

[0055] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the objects and advantages of the present application can not be limited to the above specific description, and the above and other objects that can be achieved by the present application will be more clearly understood according to the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0056] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description, explain the principles of the application. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the application. For purposes of clarity and explanation, portions of some portions of the drawings can have been exaggerated relative to others, including, for example, exaggerated relative to other components in an exemplary device actually made in accordance with the application. In the drawings:

[0057] Figure 1 Overall view of a device for cutting soil in-situ within a borehole according to an embodiment of the application;

[0058] Figure 2 Exploded view of a device for cutting soil in-situ within a borehole according to an embodiment of the application;

[0059] Figure 3 Top view of a device for cutting soil in-situ within a borehole according to an embodiment of the application, with the gear shaft mount hidden;

[0060] Figure 4 View of a cutting mechanism in a device for cutting soil in-situ within a borehole according to an embodiment of the application;

[0061] Figure 5 View of a cutting mechanism according to an embodiment of the application; Figure 4

[0062] Figure 6 View of a cutting mechanism in a device for cutting soil in-situ within a borehole according to an embodiment of the application;

[0063] Figure 7 View of a shaft sleeve in a device for cutting soil in-situ within a borehole according to an embodiment of the application;

[0064] Figure 8 View of a base in a device for cutting soil in-situ within a borehole according to an embodiment of the application;

[0065] Figure 9 View of a gear shaft mount in a device for cutting soil in-situ within a borehole according to an embodiment of the application;

[0066] Figure 10 View of a rack guide plate in a device for cutting soil in-situ within a borehole according to an embodiment of the application; and

[0067] Figure 11 Flow chart of a method of using a device for cutting soil in-situ within a borehole according to an embodiment of the application.

[0068] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:

[0069] 10. Device;​

[0070] 100, base; 110, accommodating cavity; 120, hole; 130, groove; 140, sliding slot; 141, first sliding slot; 142, second sliding slot; 150, connecting pin through hole;

[0071] 200, cutting mechanism; 210, driven bevel gear; 220, spline shaft; 230, shaft sleeve; 231, insertion slot; 232, second protruding ring; 233, second clamping groove; 240, cutting portion; 241, cutter head; 242, embedding slot; 243, cutter; 244, connecting portion; 245, sharp portion;

[0072] 300, telescopic driving mechanism; 310, rack guide plate; 311, rack clamping groove; 312, narrow portion; 313, wide portion; 314, passage; 315, through hole; 316, stepped groove; 320, rack; 330, telescopic driving gear; 340, connecting pin; 350, shaft sleeve driving mechanism; 351, shaft sleeve fixing sleeve; 352, first protruding ring; 353, shaft sleeve fixing ring; 354, first stop ring; 355, second stop ring; 356, first clamping groove; 357, insertion hole; 358, gear shaft;

[0073] 400, rotary driving mechanism; 410, driving bevel gear;

[0074] 500, gear shaft seat; 510, notch; 520, mounting hole;

[0075] W, axis of length extension direction;

[0076] L, sliding direction of rack guide plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] The objects and advantages of the present application, as well as methods of accomplishing the same, will be evident from the exemplary embodiments described hereinafter. However, the present application is not limited to the exemplary embodiments disclosed hereinafter, but can be implemented in various forms. The substance of the specification is merely to help those skilled in the art to comprehensively understand the specific details of the present application.

[0078] It should be noted that the terms used herein are merely for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in the specification, it means that there is a feature, integer, step, operation, element, and / or component, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0079] The ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" used in this invention are merely identifiers and do not have any other meaning, such as a specific order. Moreover, for example, the term "first component" does not imply the existence of "second component," and the term "second component" does not imply the existence of "first component."

[0080] It should be noted that the terms “up,” “down,” “front,” “back,” “left,” “right,” “inner,” “outer,” and similar expressions used in this article are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting.

[0081] This invention provides a device 10 for in-situ cutting of soil within a borehole and its method of use. The device 10 can be applied, for example, in the field of geotechnical engineering, such as in in-situ (or field) borehole shear tests, as an in-situ soil borehole testing device. It can be used to test soil strength parameters (at least in part of the process), and can ensure that the test surface for borehole testing is planar, thereby making the data collected in subsequent tests more accurate.

[0082] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a device 10 for in-situ cutting of soil within a borehole. In a preferred embodiment, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, where Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of a device for in-situ cutting of soil within a borehole according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of an apparatus for in-situ cutting of soil within a borehole, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The apparatus includes a base 100, a cutting mechanism 200, a telescopic drive mechanism 300, and a rotary drive mechanism 400. The base 100 serves as the foundation component of the apparatus, supporting and mounting the cutting mechanism 200, the telescopic drive mechanism 300, and the rotary drive mechanism 400. The cutting mechanism 200, as a crucial part of the apparatus, can cut the soil along a plane. The telescopic drive mechanism 300, another important part of the apparatus, drives the cutting mechanism 200 to extend or retract relative to the base 100. The rotary drive mechanism 400, also a crucial component of the apparatus, drives the cutting mechanism 200 to rotate, thereby enabling it to cut the soil along a plane.

[0083] Specifically, the base 100 is provided with a receiving cavity 110. The shape of the base 100 is not limited, which can be a square column, a cylindrical column or other shapes. Preferably, the base 100 can be a block column, for example, a block square column, a block cylindrical column. Further, the overall height of the base 100 plus the gear shaft 358 (to be described below) (i.e. the distance from the top end of the gear shaft to the center of the bottom surface of the base) is designed to be 130-140mm, for example, it can be 130mm, 136mm or 140mm, and the overall width is designed to be 140-150mm, for example, it can be 140mm, 145mm or 150mm. In this way, the size of the device is greatly reduced compared to existing cutting devices, which can effectively reduce the disturbance to the soil when cutting the soil (such as loess), and the in-situ nature of the soil during testing is preserved. In addition, the shape of the receiving cavity 110 is not limited.

[0084] The cutting mechanism 200 is provided to the base 100. The cutting mechanism 200 includes a driven driving part provided in the receiving cavity 110 and a cutting part 240 located at the opposite end of the driven driving part. The driven driving part is a structure that is passively driven by other driving parts (such as the driving part to be described below), which can not be limited to a specific structure. In the present embodiment, a driven bevel gear 210 (which is actually a bevel gear) can be used, and other structures that can achieve similar effects and effects also belong to this category, which will not be expanded here. For the sake of description, the driven driving part will be described below by taking the driven bevel gear 210 as an example. In the present application, the cutting part 240 is rotated by the driven driving part. The cutting part 240 is a cutting execution part that can cut the soil along the plane, which can also not be limited to a specific structure. In the present application, the cutting part 240 will be described in detail by taking the cutter head 241 and the cutter 243 as an example (to be described below), but it does not represent a limitation.

[0085] The telescopic driving mechanism 300 is provided at the top of the base 100 and connected to the cutting mechanism 200, which can drive the cutting mechanism 200 to extend relative to the base 100 along the length direction. The telescopic driving mechanism 300 is a structure for driving the cutting mechanism 200 to extend, which will be described in detail below.

[0086] The rotating driving mechanism 400 is arranged at the bottom of the base 100. The rotating driving mechanism 400 comprises a driving part arranged in the accommodating cavity 110, wherein the driving part is a structure for transmitting power to other driving parts (for example, a driven driving part), which can not be limited in specific structure, and in the embodiment, a driving bevel gear 410 (which is actually a bevel gear) can be used. The driving part can have driving power itself or can not have driving power itself and needs to be connected to a driving mechanism (for example, a motor), for example, connected to a second motor (not shown) via a transmission member. The transmission member is a conventional structure in the art, for example, a transmission shaft. Correspondingly, the bottom of the base 100 is provided with a hole 120 for mounting the rotating driving mechanism 400. The rotating driving mechanism 400 can drive the cutting mechanism 200 to rotate around the axis W extending in the length direction through the cooperation of the driving part and the driven driving part, so that the cutting part 240 cuts the soil along the plane perpendicular to the axis extending in the length direction. For the convenience of description, the driving part will be described by taking the driving bevel gear 410 as an example below.

[0087] With reference to the foregoing Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the illustrated embodiment, the device comprises four sets of cutting mechanisms 200. The four sets of cutting mechanisms 200 are simultaneously extended or retracted by the same extension amount under the driving of the extension driving mechanism 300, and the four sets of cutting mechanisms 200 are rotated in the same rotation direction around the axis extending in the length direction under the driving of the rotating driving mechanism 400. In this way, the device can cut the soil in four directions at the same time, which is high in efficiency.

[0088] It can be understood that Figure 1 and Figure 2 A more preferred embodiment is shown in FIG. 1, in which the device can be provided with only one set of cutting mechanisms 200, or two or three sets of cutting mechanisms 200, or even more sets of cutting mechanisms 200 (for example, six sets or eight sets) within a reasonable range.

[0089] According to the device for cutting soil in situ in a borehole according to the present application, the cutting part 240 of the cutting mechanism 200 can be extended outwardly until embedded in the soil of the wall of the prefabricated borehole under the action of the extension driving mechanism 300 and the rotating driving mechanism 400, and then rotated to cut the soil along the plane, so that the test surface for subsequent in-borehole testing is a plane.

[0090] With reference to the foregoing Figure 4 and Figure 5 In which Figure 4 is a schematic view of the cutting mechanism 200 in the device for cutting soil in situ in a borehole according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 5 is Figure 4An exploded view of the cutting mechanism 200 is shown in FIG. 2. In order to provide a specific and ingeniously designed cutting mechanism 200, the cutting mechanism 200 can further comprise a connecting mechanism arranged along the length extension direction of the cutting mechanism 200 and located between the driven bevel gear 210 and the cutting part 240. Preferably, the connecting mechanism can comprise a spline shaft 220 fixedly connected with the driven bevel gear 210. The other end of the spline shaft 220 is movably inserted into a sleeve 230. The other end of the sleeve 230 is fixedly connected with a cutter head 241. The cutter head 241 is provided with cutters 243 for cutting soil. When the spline shaft 220 rotates under the driving of the rotary driving mechanism 400, the sleeve 230 can be linked to rotate (i.e. the cutter head 241 and the cutters 243 are linked to rotate together, so that the cutters 243 perform cutting of soil). When the telescopic driving mechanism 300 drives the cutting mechanism 200 to telescope, the sleeve 230 telescopes relative to the spline shaft 220 along the length extension direction, i.e. when the telescopic driving mechanism 300 drives the cutting mechanism 200 to telescope, the spline shaft 220 does not telescope in fact, only the sleeve 230 telescopes, i.e. the sleeve 230 movably sheaths the spline shaft 220 and can move relative to the spline shaft 220 along the spline shaft 220. In order to realize that the spline shaft 220 can rotate together with the sleeve 230, the end of the spline shaft 220 inserted into the sleeve 230 is configured as a triangular prism, a square prism, a ladder prism, a prism, a geometric prism, or other shapes that can realize the above functions. The corresponding end of the sleeve 230 is provided with a matching slot 231. The specific structure of the sleeve 230 can refer to the sleeve 230 shown in FIG. 3. Figure 7 , Figure 7 A schematic view of the sleeve in the device for cutting soil in-hole in-situ according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0091] In order to install the cutting mechanism 200 and enable the cutting mechanism 200 to telescope relative to the base 100, the side surface of the base 100 is provided with a hole 120 extending from the accommodating cavity 110 to the outside of the base 100. In order to better operate the device, the extension direction of the hole 120 (i.e. the length extension direction of the cutting mechanism 200, or the telescopic direction of the cutting mechanism 200) is perpendicular to the axial direction of the base 100, so that after the device 10 is placed into the preformed hole along the axial direction of the preformed hole, the subsequent work process can be performed without adjusting the angle of the axial direction of the device. Similarly, in order to install the rotary driving mechanism 400 (at least a part of it), the bottom surface of the base 100 is also provided with a hole extending from the accommodating cavity 110 to the outside of the base 100.

[0092] Further, in order to facilitate the cutting mechanism 200 to cut the soil better, the cutter 243 comprises a connecting portion 244 connected to the cutter head 241 and a sharp portion 245 protruding from the cutter head 241. Preferably, the longitudinal section of the sharp portion 245 is triangular, which is more conducive to the cutter 243 to cut the soil more smoothly. In addition, referring to Figure 6 shown, Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the cutting part of the device for cutting soil in-hole in-situ according to an embodiment of the present application. In order to facilitate the disassembly of the cutter head 241 and the cutter 243, the cutter head 241 is provided with an embedded slot 242 for detachable connection. The cutter 243 is clamped on the cutter head 241 via the embedded slot 242.

[0093] Continuing to refer to Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 10 , wherein Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the rack guide plate in the device for cutting soil in-hole in-situ according to an embodiment of the present application. In order to provide a cleverly designed telescopic drive mechanism 300, the telescopic drive mechanism 300 can comprise a rack 320 guide plate 310 provided to the top of the base 100. The rack 320 guide plate 310 is installed with a rack 320. The rack 320 is engaged to a rotatable telescopic drive gear 330. The telescopic drive gear 330 is a common gear device, which can be a spur gear or a helical gear. The rack 320 guide plate 310 is slidable in the same telescopic direction as the cutting mechanism 200 under the drive of the telescopic drive gear 330 via the rack 320. The rack 320 guide plate 310 is connected to a connecting pin 340 extending to the cutting mechanism 200. The other end of the connecting pin 340 is connected to a shaft sleeve 230 drive mechanism sleeved on the shaft sleeve 230. The shaft sleeve 230 drive mechanism is configured to drive the shaft sleeve 230 to telescope relative to the spline shaft 220 but not to rotate with the shaft sleeve 230. That is, the telescopic drive mechanism 300 of the present embodiment is to drive the shaft sleeve 230 (of course, including the cutter head 241 and the cutter 243) to telescope synchronously through the slidable rack 320 guide plate 310, the connecting pin 340 and the shaft sleeve 230 drive mechanism.

[0094] In order to realize how to drive the rotation of the telescopic drive gear 330 and the installation, the top of the base 100 is provided with a gear shaft 358 connected to the telescopic drive gear 330 and a gear shaft 358 seat for fixing the gear shaft 358. The gear shaft 358 penetrates the gear shaft 358 seat. The telescopic drive gear 330 is connected to the gear shaft 358 below the gear shaft 358 seat. The rotation power of the gear shaft 358 can be connected to a motor device, for example, to a first motor (not shown in the figure). Referring to Figure 8 shown, wherein Figure 8Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a base of a device for cutting soil in-situ in a borehole according to an embodiment of the present application. In order to better fix the gear shaft 358 seat, the top of the base 100 is provided with a groove 130 for accommodating and mounting the gear shaft 358 seat. When the gear shaft 358 seat is mounted, it is fixed in the groove 130, and correspondingly the gear shaft 358 seat is also provided with a mounting hole for connecting to the base 100. Preferably, in order to achieve the sliding of the rack 320 guide plate 310 on the base 100, the groove 130 is provided with a sliding groove 140 for the sliding of the rack 320 guide plate 310. The two ends of the sliding groove 140 can extend to the outside of the base 100 to provide more sliding space for the rack 320 guide plate 310. When the rack 320 guide plate 310 is arranged in the sliding groove 140, the side of the rack 320 guide plate 310 away from the telescopic drive gear 330 is attached to the side of the sliding groove 140, so that directional movement can be achieved. The rack 320 guide plate 310 is provided with a long strip-shaped rack 320 clamping groove 311 for mounting the rack 320 along the direction of its sliding. In order to make the rack 320 guide plate 310 slide more stably, the bottom surface of the gear shaft 358 seat can be attached to the rack 320 guide plate 310, and the gear shaft 358 seat can guide the rack 320 guide plate 310 from above. The contact surface between the two is as smooth as possible to reduce friction.

[0095] As mentioned above, in the embodiment of the present application, the specific structure of the sleeve 230 driving mechanism can include a sleeve 230 fixing sleeve. The sleeve 230 fixing sleeve is provided with a first protruding ring 352 extending radially inward on the inner surface of one side close to the driven bevel gear 210. The sleeve 230 is provided with a second protruding ring 232 extending radially outward on the corresponding side. When the sleeve 230 fixing sleeve is sleeved on the sleeve 230, the first protruding ring 352 is sleeved on the second protruding ring 232. The inner surface of the sleeve 230 fixing sleeve outside the first protruding ring 352 is inlaid with a sleeve 230 fixing ring (i.e. the peripheral surface of the sleeve 230 fixing ring is fitted on the inner surface of the sleeve 230 fixing sleeve outside the first protruding ring 352) sleeved to the sleeve 230. One end of the sleeve 230 fixing ring abuts against the axial end surface of the first protruding ring 352. The other end of the sleeve 230 fixing ring is fixed by a first stop washer 354 and a second stop washer 355. The first stop washer 354 is fixed to the sleeve 230 fixing sleeve. The second stop washer 355 is fixed to the sleeve 230. Among them, the inner surface of the sleeve 230 fixing sleeve is provided with an annular first clamping groove 356 for fixing the first stop washer 354. The outer surface of the sleeve 230 is provided with an annular second clamping groove 233 for fixing the second stop washer 355. In this way, when the rack 320 guide plate 310 slides in the same extension and retraction direction as the cutting mechanism 200, the sleeve 230 (including the cutter head 241 and the cutting tool 243) will be moved (i.e. the so-called extension and retraction relative to the base 100) by the connecting pin 340, the sleeve 230 fixing sleeve and the sleeve 230 fixing ring, etc. The sliding distance of the rack 320 guide plate 310 is equal to the extension and retraction amount of the sleeve 230 (or the extension and retraction amount of the cutting mechanism 200). In order to realize the movement of the connecting pin 340 in the base 100, the top of the base 100 is provided with a long strip-shaped connecting pin 340 perforation 315 for the activity of the connecting pin 340, and the connecting pin 340 perforation 315 extends along the sliding direction of the rack 320 guide plate 310.

[0096] Since one of the advantages of the present device is compact structure and small overall size, and it is suitable for some small aperture prefabricated hole scenes, the extension and retraction amount of the cutting mechanism 200 can be designed as 15-20mm, such as 15mm, 18mm or 20mm.

[0097] In addition, in order to realize the connection between the sleeve 230 fixing sleeve and the connecting pin 340, the sleeve 230 fixing sleeve is provided with a hole 357. The hole 357 can be a through hole, that is, one end of the connecting pin 340 inserted into the through hole can abut against the ring surface of the second convex ring 232, or it can be a blind hole. Similarly, in order to realize the connection between the rack 320 guide plate 310 and the connecting pin 340, the rack 320 guide plate 310 is provided with a hole 315. The hole 315 can be a through hole or a blind hole. The two ends of the connecting pin 340 and the sleeve 230 fixing sleeve and the rack 320 guide plate 310 can be fixedly connected or movably connected (that is, movably inserted into the corresponding hole), or one end can be fixedly connected and the other end can be movably connected. In some cases, the end of the connecting pin 340 connected to the rack 320 guide plate 310 will still protrude above the rack 320 guide plate 310 after passing through the hole 315, especially when the two ends of the connecting pin 340 are movably connected to the sleeve 230 fixing sleeve and the rack 320 guide plate 310. In this case, the part of the connecting pin 340 will interfere with the bottom surface of the gear shaft 358 seat (for example, the connecting pin 340 cannot normally move with the rack 320 guide plate 310 due to large friction between them). In order to solve this problem, as shown in Figure 9 Figure 9 Figure 2 is a schematic view of the gear shaft seat in the device for cutting soil in situ in the hole according to an embodiment of the present application. The bottom of the gear shaft 358 seat is provided with a notch 510 extending to the circumferential surface thereof. The notch 510 at least includes a region above the connecting pin 340, so that the connecting pin 340 and the gear shaft 358 seat do not interfere with each other, and also has two other effects: on the one hand, it reduces the contact area between the rack 320 guide plate 310 and the gear shaft 358 seat, further reducing the friction therebetween when the rack 320 guide plate 310 slides; on the other hand, it can also be used as a heat dissipation hole to more timely dissipate the heat generated by the internal structure during operation.

[0098] ​As described above, in the preferred embodiment, in order to improve work efficiency, the device comprises four sets of cutting mechanisms 200. The four sets of cutting mechanisms 200 are simultaneously extended or retracted by the same extension amount under the driving of the extension driving mechanism 300, and the four sets of cutting mechanisms 200 are rotated in the same rotation direction around the axis W extending in the length direction under the driving of the rotation driving mechanism 400. In this way, the device can cut the soil in four directions at the same time, which is efficient. In order to achieve the effects of compact structure, small size, and better transmission, the device comprises four rack 320 guide plates 310. In order to arrange the four rack 320 guide plates 310, the recess 130 is provided with a first sliding groove 141 for sliding of two of the rack 320 guide plates 310. The two ends of the first sliding groove 141 can extend to the outside of the base 100. The recess 130 is provided with a second sliding groove 142 for sliding of the remaining two rack 320 guide plates 310. The two ends of the second sliding groove 142 can also extend to the outside of the base 100. Among them, the bottom surface of the first sliding groove 141 is higher than the bottom surface of the second sliding groove 142, and the first sliding groove 141 and the second sliding groove 142 are arranged in an intersecting manner. Among them, the two rack 320 guide plates 310 in the first sliding groove 141 and the second sliding groove 142 are arranged side by side along the sliding direction of the rack 320 guide plate 310 respectively. At this time, when the rack 320 guide plate 310 is arranged in the first sliding groove 141 or the second sliding groove 142, the side away from the extension driving gear 330 of the rack 320 guide plate 310 is attached to the side surface of the corresponding first sliding groove 141 or second sliding groove 142. Preferably, the first sliding groove 141 and the second sliding groove 142 are perpendicular to each other, so that the spacing between the four rack 320 guide plates 310 is more reasonable, and mutual interference is avoided.

[0099] Please refer to Figure 10 , according to the device of the application, the rack 320 guide plate 310 is configured with a narrow portion 312 at one end and a wide portion 313 at the other end along the sliding direction L thereof. The width of the wide portion 313 along the direction perpendicular to the sliding direction L of the rack 320 guide plate 310 is greater than that of the narrow portion 312. Among them, referring to Figure 3, the wide part 313 of one rack 320 guide plate 310 is attached to the narrow part 312 of the other rack 320 guide plate 310, the narrow part 312 of which is attached to the wide part 313 of the other rack 320 guide plate 310, and the two racks 320 guide plates 310 form a passageway 314 in the middle, in which a vertical telescopic driving gear 330 is arranged, so that four racks 320 can be engaged by one telescopic driving gear 330 arranged in the passageway 314. This design is ingenious and space layout is clever, which saves the trouble of arranging multiple telescopic driving gears 330, simplifies the structure, and further achieves the purpose of compact structure and small size; at the same time, the two racks 320 guide plates 310 in the first sliding groove 141 or the second sliding groove 142 are attached on the side close to each other, and each plays a guiding role for the other, so that the rack 320 guide plate 310 slides more stably.

[0100] Continuing the above, when the two racks 320 guide plates 310 in the first sliding groove 141 or the second sliding groove 142 are close to each other (i.e. at this time the cutting mechanism 200 is retracted), the wide part 313 is attached to the narrow part 312 (i.e. the narrow part 312 of the other rack 320 guide plate 310) close to the corner of the telescopic driving gear 330, and a step groove 316 extending along the sliding direction of the rack 320 guide plate 310 is also arranged at the corner. Since the telescopic driving gear 330 arranged in the passageway 314 needs to engage four racks 320 on the four rack 320 guide plates 310 at the same time, it is required that at least one part of the teeth of the four racks 320 also extends into the passageway 314, so that when the cutting mechanism 200 is retracted too much, i.e. the wide part 313 may collide with the rack 320 on the other rack 320 guide plate 310, which may damage the device. Through the design of the step groove 316 described above, when the cutting mechanism 200 is retracted too much, the rack 320 on the other rack 320 guide plate 310 (i.e. the end rack 320 close to the wide part 313) will transition into the step groove 316, and the problem of collision between the wide part 313 and the rack 320 on the other rack 320 guide plate 310 will not occur.

[0101] In summary, according to the device of the present application, the cutting part 240 of the cutting mechanism 200 can be extended outwardly and embedded into the hole wall soil of the prefabricated hole under the action of the telescopic driving mechanism 300 and the rotary driving mechanism 400, and then rotate to cut the soil along a plane, so that the testing surface of the in-hole test is a plane. Meanwhile, the device of the present application can be provided with four sets of cutting mechanisms 200 to simultaneously cut the soil in four directions, which is high in efficiency. In particular, the four racks 320 guide plates 310 in the four sets of cutting mechanisms 200 are arranged side by side in two groups, wherein the direction L along which the rack 320 guide plate 310 slides is provided with a narrow part 312 at one end and a wide part 313 at the other end, and the narrow part 312 and the wide part 313 are designed to be staggered and matched with each other, which is ingenious in design. In addition, the device of the present application is simple to operate when cutting the soil.

[0102] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a method for cutting soil in a hole in situ, based on the device for cutting soil in a hole in situ according to the above embodiments. As shown in the drawings, the method comprises the following steps: Figure 11

[0103] S100, the device is placed into the prefabricated hole until reaching a predetermined position in the prefabricated hole.

[0104] S200, the first motor is started and rotates forwardly, and the four sets of cutting mechanisms 200 are simultaneously extended outwardly at the same telescopic amount until the cutters 243 at the outermost ends of the four sets of cutting mechanisms 200 are embedded into the hole wall soil of the prefabricated hole, and the first motor stops working.

[0105] S300, the second motor is started and works, and the cutters 243 of the four sets of cutting mechanisms 200 cut the soil along a plane at the same rotation direction and rotation speed until the cutting of the soil is completed, and the second motor stops working.

[0106] S400, the first motor is started again and reverses until the four sets of cutting mechanisms 200 are retracted to the original position, the first motor stops working, and finally the device is taken out of the prefabricated hole.

[0107] According to the method of the present application, the operation is simple, the cutters 243 cut the soil along a plane, the testing surface of the subsequent in-hole test is a plane, and in addition, the soil can be cut in four directions at the same time, which is high in efficiency.

[0108] Other embodiments of the present application will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the description and practice of the present application as disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the application being indicated by the following claims.​

Claims

1. An apparatus for cutting soil in situ in a borehole, the apparatus comprising: The device comprises: a base, a containing cavity is arranged in the base; a cutting mechanism is arranged on the base, the cutting mechanism comprises a driven driving part arranged in the containing cavity and a cutting part located at the opposite end of the driven driving part; the cutting mechanism further comprises a connecting mechanism arranged along the length extension direction and located between the driven driving part and the cutting part, the connecting mechanism comprises a spline shaft fixedly connected with the driven driving part, the other end of the spline shaft is movably inserted into a shaft sleeve, the other end of the shaft sleeve is fixedly connected with a cutter disc, the cutter disc is provided with a cutter for cutting soil; a telescopic driving mechanism is arranged on the top of the base and connected with the cutting mechanism, the cutting mechanism can be driven to extend or retract along the length extension direction relative to the base; the telescopic driving mechanism comprises a rack guide plate arranged on the top of the base, a rack is mounted on the rack guide plate, the rack is engaged with a rotatable telescopic driving gear, the rack guide plate is slidable along the same telescopic direction of the cutting mechanism under the driving of the telescopic driving gear via the rack, the rack guide plate is connected with a connecting pin extending to the cutting mechanism, the other end of the connecting pin is connected with a shaft sleeve driving mechanism sleeved on the shaft sleeve, the shaft sleeve driving mechanism is configured to drive the shaft sleeve to extend or retract relative to the spline shaft but not rotate with the shaft sleeve; the shaft sleeve driving mechanism comprises a shaft sleeve fixing sleeve, a first protruding ring extending radially inward is arranged on the inner surface of the shaft sleeve fixing sleeve near one side, a second protruding ring extending radially outward is arranged on the corresponding side of the shaft sleeve; when the shaft sleeve fixing sleeve is sleeved on the shaft sleeve, the first protruding ring is sleeved on the second protruding ring; the inner surface of the shaft sleeve fixing sleeve outside the first protruding ring is inlaid with a shaft sleeve fixing ring sleeved on the shaft sleeve, one end of the shaft sleeve fixing ring abuts on the axial end face of the first protruding ring, the other end of the shaft sleeve fixing ring is fixed by a first stopper and a second stopper, the first stopper is fixed to the shaft sleeve fixing sleeve, and the second stopper is fixed to the shaft sleeve; and a rotary driving mechanism is arranged on the bottom of the base, the rotary driving mechanism comprises a driving part arranged in the containing cavity, the rotary driving mechanism can drive the cutting mechanism to rotate around the axis of the length extension direction via the cooperation and transmission between the driving part and the driven driving part, so that the cutting part cuts the soil along the plane perpendicular to the axis of the length extension direction.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The device is configured such that: when the spline shaft rotates under the driving of the rotary driving mechanism, the shaft sleeve can be linked to rotate; when the cutting mechanism extends or retracts under the driving of the telescopic driving mechanism, the shaft sleeve extends or retracts relative to the spline shaft along the length extension direction.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The end of the spline shaft inserted into the shaft sleeve is configured as a triangular column, a square column, a ladder column, a prism or a geometric column, and the corresponding end of the shaft sleeve is provided with a shape-matched insertion slot; and / or the cutter disc and the cutter are configured to be detachably connected, wherein the cutter disc is provided with an embedded slot for detachable connection, and the cutter is clamped on the cutter disc via the embedded slot; and / or The cutter comprises a connecting part connected to the cutter head and a sharp part protruding from the cutter head, and the longitudinal section of the sharp part is configured as a triangle.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein, The inner surface of the shaft sleeve fixing sleeve is provided with an annular first clamping groove for fixing the first retainer ring, and the outer surface of the shaft sleeve is provided with an annular second clamping groove for fixing the second retainer ring; the shaft sleeve fixing sleeve is provided with a insertion hole for connecting with the connecting pin; and / or The top of the base is provided with a gear shaft for connecting the telescopic drive gear and a gear shaft seat for fixing the gear shaft, the gear shaft penetrates through the gear shaft seat, and the telescopic drive gear is connected to the gear shaft below the gear shaft seat; and / or The top of the base is provided with a long strip-shaped connecting pin perforation for the connecting pin to pass through and move, and the connecting pin perforation extends along the sliding direction of the rack guide plate.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein, The bottom surface of the gear shaft seat is attached to the rack guide plate, and the bottom of the gear shaft seat is provided with a notch extending to the circumferential surface of the gear shaft seat, and the notch at least includes a region above the connecting pin to avoid interference between the connecting pin and the gear shaft seat; and / or The top of the base is provided with a groove for accommodating and installing the gear shaft seat, and the groove is provided with a sliding groove for the sliding of the rack guide plate, and the two ends of the sliding groove extend to the outside of the base, and when the rack guide plate is arranged in the groove, the side of the rack guide plate away from the telescopic drive gear is attached to the side surface of the groove, wherein the rack guide plate is provided with a long strip-shaped rack clamping groove for installing the rack along the sliding direction of the rack guide plate.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein, Further comprising four groups of the cutting mechanism, four groups of the cutting mechanism are simultaneously extended or retracted with the same telescopic amount under the driving of the telescopic drive mechanism, and four groups of the cutting mechanism are rotated in the same rotation direction around the axis of the length extension direction under the driving of the rotation drive mechanism.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein, Further comprising four pieces of the rack guide plate, the groove is provided with a first sliding groove for the sliding of two pieces of the rack guide plate, the two ends of the first sliding groove extend to the outside of the base, the groove is provided with a second sliding groove for the sliding of the remaining two pieces of the rack guide plate, the two ends of the second sliding groove extend to the outside of the base, the bottom surface of the first sliding groove is higher than that of the second sliding groove, and the first sliding groove and the second sliding groove are arranged in an intersecting manner, wherein the two pieces of the rack guide plate in the first sliding groove or the second sliding groove are arranged side by side along the sliding direction of the rack guide plate; and / or Further comprising four pieces of the rack guide plate, the groove is provided with a first sliding groove for the sliding of two pieces of the rack guide plate, the two ends of the first sliding groove extend to the outside of the base, the groove is provided with a second sliding groove for the sliding of the remaining two pieces of the rack guide plate, the two ends of the second sliding groove extend to the outside of the base, the bottom surface of the first sliding groove is higher than that of the second sliding groove, and the first sliding groove and the second sliding groove are arranged in an intersecting manner, wherein the two pieces of the rack guide plate in the first sliding groove or the second sliding groove are arranged side by side along the sliding direction of the rack guide plate; and / or The rack guide plate is configured with a narrow end and a wide end along the sliding direction, and the width of the wide end along the direction perpendicular to the sliding direction of the rack guide plate is greater than that of the narrow end; wherein, when the two rack guide plates are arranged in the first sliding groove or the second sliding groove, the wide end of one rack guide plate is attached to the narrow end of the other rack guide plate, the narrow end of one rack guide plate is attached to the wide end of the other rack guide plate, and a passageway is formed between the two rack guide plates, so that the four racks can be simultaneously engaged by the one telescopic drive gear arranged in the passageway.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein, The first sliding groove and the second sliding groove are perpendicular to each other.

9. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein, The height of the device is 130-140 mm, and the width of the device is 140-150 mm; and / or The telescopic amount of the cutting mechanism is 15-20 mm; and / or The wide end is provided with a through hole for connecting the connecting pin, and a step groove extending along the sliding direction of the rack guide plate is further arranged at the corner of the wide end attached to the narrow end and close to the telescopic drive gear, so as to avoid interference between the wide end and the rack.

10. A method of cutting soil in situ in a borehole based on the device for cutting soil in situ in a borehole according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: Put the device into the prepared hole until it reaches the predetermined position in the prepared hole; The first motor starts and rotates forward, and the four groups of cutting mechanisms simultaneously slowly extend outward with the same telescopic amount until the cutters at the outermost ends of the four groups of cutting mechanisms are embedded in the soil of the hole wall of the prepared hole, and the first motor stops working; The second motor starts and works, and the cutters of the four groups of cutting mechanisms cut the soil along the plane with the same rotation direction and rotation speed until the cutting of the soil is completed, and the second motor stops working; The first motor starts again and reverses until the four groups of cutting mechanisms are retracted to the original position, the first motor stops working, and finally the device is taken out of the prepared hole.

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