Gangue mountain spontaneous combustion hidden high temperature heat source early warning monitoring and control system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a system for early warning, monitoring and control of hidden high-temperature heat sources of spontaneous combustion in gangue heaps, which includes three modules: continuous early warning before disaster, graded control during disaster and real-time monitoring after disaster. A drone equipped with an infrared thermal imager and a camera monitors hidden high-temperature areas of spontaneous combustion in gangue heaps in real time, and the location of smoldering high-temperature points is circled by drilling temperature and gas measurements. A multiphase retardant gel foam is prepared using a magnetized boosted foam generator in a vibration-proof mining fire-fighting and rescue vehicle. The magnetized boosted foam generator draws nitrogen through turbine power, and magnetic stirring causes the raw materials to rotate, mix and be powered to the injection port. A full-stage fire extinguishing process is applied, including loess covering, gangue heap drilling, high-pressure water flushing, multiphase retardant gel foam fire extinguishing, and coal spontaneous combustion parameter monitoring and plugging device sealing. The gangue heap is horizontally divided into three hazard levels, and different drilling spacing and depths are used for zoning, classification and segmentation management to ensure the retardant effect of coal spontaneous combustion, the re-ignition suppression efficiency and the continuity of post-disaster monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of prevention and control of spontaneous combustion disasters in coal gangue piles, and in particular to an early warning, monitoring and control system for hidden high-temperature heat sources of spontaneous combustion in coal gangue piles. Background Art

[0002] As the world's largest coal producer, my country possesses vast stockpiles of coal gangue. Current reserves exceed 6 billion tons. While some is used for backfilling and comprehensive utilization, the majority of this gangue is stored for long periods, forming gangue heaps, which impact the environment and safety. During the accumulation of gangue heaps, particle size segregation easily occurs on the slopes, creating longitudinal fire wind pressure that creates conditions for the accumulation of oxygen and heat, promoting the occurrence of spontaneous combustion of coal. The toxic and harmful gases emitted by spontaneous combustion of coal seriously endanger the ecological environment in mining areas and the health of the people. Commonly used fire prevention and extinguishing technologies for gangue heaps, both domestically and internationally, include open-pit excavation, surface sealing, water sprinkling, and grouting. The open-pit excavation method is only suitable for fires with a small scope and shallow fire source depth. The harmful gases and high temperatures during the excavation process threaten construction safety. The surface sealing method has the problem of difficulty in achieving the required thickness of slope cover and compaction, and rainwater erosion and slope sliding can cause the oxygen supply channel to re-form. When the water spraying method is applied to waste rock heaps with high pyrite content, the reaction between sulfide and water will release heat, which is more likely to exacerbate the oxidation and spontaneous combustion of coal. The grouting method faces the problems of drilling difficulties and difficulty in accurately delineating the fire area, resulting in poor grouting effect. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a system that integrates real-time monitoring of the spontaneous combustion status of waste rock heaps, accurately delineating the specific location of the high-temperature heat source area hidden by spontaneous combustion, preparing efficient fire extinguishing and re-ignition prevention materials, and a graded full-stage treatment process to ensure the safety of coal waste rock heaps. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the present invention provides a coal gangue mountain spontaneous combustion hidden high-temperature heat source early warning monitoring and control system for the identification and control of coal gangue mountain spontaneous combustion hidden high-temperature heat source. To a certain extent, it can improve the timeliness of coal gangue mountain spontaneous combustion identification, the accuracy of fire location delineation, the effectiveness of fire control, and the continuity of post-disaster monitoring.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention proposes a coal gangue mountain spontaneous combustion hidden high-temperature heat source early warning monitoring and management system, which mainly includes three modules: pre-disaster continuous early warning, disaster graded management and post-disaster real-time monitoring.

[0005] The pre-disaster continuous early warning module includes drones equipped with infrared thermal imagers and high-definition panoramic cameras to continuously monitor the slag heap in real time from high altitudes, determine the scope of hidden high-temperature areas of spontaneous combustion, drill holes to measure temperature and gas within the hidden high-temperature areas of spontaneous combustion, and determine the specific location of smoldering high-temperature points.

[0006] The graded disaster management module includes the preparation of fire-extinguishing materials and graded full-stage management processes. It uses a magnetized pressurized foam generator in a vibration-proof mining fire-fighting and rescue vehicle to prepare multi-phase retardant gel foam to control spontaneous combustion of waste rock piles. It also uses a full-stage fire-fighting process that includes covering the surface of loess, drilling holes in waste rock piles, rotary punching with high-pressure water, injecting multi-phase retardant gel foam for fire extinguishing, and sealing holes with coal spontaneous combustion parameter monitoring plugs.

[0007] The post-disaster real-time monitoring module includes a coal spontaneous combustion parameter monitoring plugger that transmits the temperature and gas information in the borehole to the central control platform in real time to ensure the continuity and effectiveness of fire extinguishing.

[0008] Furthermore, the pre-disaster continuous warning module includes a drone equipped with an infrared thermal imager and a high-definition panoramic camera to delineate the scope of the spontaneous combustion hidden high-temperature area, drill holes within the spontaneous combustion hidden high-temperature area to measure temperature and gas concentration, and determine the specific location of the smoldering high-temperature point.

[0009] Drones equipped with infrared thermal imagers and high-definition panoramic cameras perform real-time, continuous and comprehensive monitoring over the waste rock pile at the same time, ensuring 24-hour uninterrupted operation. They determine whether there are hidden high-temperature areas on the surface of the waste rock pile that may cause spontaneous combustion. They automatically identify whether spontaneous combustion has occurred based on the differential temperature threshold, activate high-decibel explosion-proof sound and light alarms, and transmit the location, temperature, and images of the fire area to the central control platform and the mobile terminals of safety personnel.

[0010] After defining the hidden high-temperature area of ​​coal spontaneous combustion, according to the specific size of the area, drill holes at intervals of 1.0-4.0m in the same direction to measure temperature and gas. The drilling depth is about 1.0-1.5m to reduce the influence of the natural environment on the measurement results. After determining the most dangerous point in the same direction, use this point as the base point and arrange temperature and gas measuring devices in vertical drilling. The specific location of the smoldering high-temperature point is determined according to the temperature and gas concentration gradient at different locations.

[0011] Furthermore, the vibration-proof mining fire-fighting and rescue vehicle adopts a front four and rear eight tire form, with the front wheels being two axles and four wheels, and the rear wheels being two axles and eight wheels. The increase in wheels expands the contact area with the ground, reduces the local pressure of the wheel hub touching the ground, increases the vehicle's load capacity, ensures the full carrying of foam preparation materials, and improves the safety of wheel operation.

[0012] The detachable steel tracks are installed outside the tires. On the one hand, they can prevent the tires from being punctured by protruding ores. On the other hand, the reinforced pattern of the tracks improves their adhesion to the ground, making them adaptable to the harsh geographical environment of large-angle slopes of waste rock hills and rugged roads.

[0013] Personnel observation cameras are installed in front of the personnel in the cockpit to monitor the behavior and status of the personnel in the cockpit in real time to ensure personnel safety; environmental monitoring cameras are installed in the center of the vehicle body, and environmental information is transmitted to the fire control platform to facilitate the observation of the development process of spontaneous combustion of the waste rock pile; anti-blind spot cameras are installed in front of both sides of the vehicle body to transmit information to the display screen in the cab to prevent the driver from having observation blind spots due to the large vehicle; equipment monitoring cameras and lighting are installed inside the equipment compartment of the foam preparation device to monitor the basic conditions of the device and ensure the reliability of the fire extinguishing device.

[0014] Temperature sensors are arranged around the vehicle body at intervals of 2.0m to detect the temperature around the vehicle body. When the fire is large and the temperature exceeds the threshold, an alarm is triggered, and the sound and light alarm on the top of the vehicle is activated. At the same time, the multi-nozzle water curtain sprinklers on the top of the left / right / rear three sides of the vehicle body and the bottom of the front glass are turned on. The sprinklers are spaced 2.0-4.0m apart; the sprinklers spray water to cover the vehicle, cool the vehicle body and extinguish the fire in the environment around the vehicle, so as to protect the vehicle and the people inside. The sprinklers are threadedly connected to the water distribution pipe and the size and model are adjustable.

[0015] Furthermore, the equipment cabin of the vibration-proof mining fire-fighting and rescue vehicle foam preparation device includes a sawtooth spiral mud mixing device, a foam liquid porous mixing device, a magnetized booster foam generating device, a nitrogen injection machine, a flow-adjustable pump, a water tank and a foam preparation raw material storage box (coal ash sodium soil mixed particles, composite foaming agent, cross-linking agent, thickener and inhibitor).

[0016] The bottom plate of the equipment cabin is made of permanent magnets. After the foam preparation device is installed in the equipment cabin, the permanent magnets and the foam preparation device form a tight magnetic connection, ensuring the stability of the foam preparation device during climbing and driving, preventing unsafe conditions such as tilting of the foam preparation device due to bumps, and providing protection for the preparation of multi-phase resistive gel foam.

[0017] The sawtooth spiral mud mixing device is equipped with a rotatable stainless steel smooth sawtooth spiral, which can spirally stir high-pressure water, fly ash sodium soil mixed particles and retardant materials to promote their full mixing and generate fine mud.

[0018] The foam liquid porous mixing device is built with two porous plates with evenly arranged circular holes, which allow the composite foaming agent, cross-linking agent and thickening agent to collide with each other at the interface of the orifice plates, thereby preparing a foam liquid with excellent fusion degree.

[0019] The flow-adjustable pump is installed between the foam preparation raw material storage tank and the foam preparation device or different foam preparation devices and is controlled from the cockpit to ensure a good foam ratio.

[0020] Furthermore, the magnetized pressurized foam generating device includes a foaming box, a turbocharger, a magnetic stirrer, a permanent magnetic rotary fan, an ellipsoidal foaming net, a one-way mud adding port, and a foam perfusion observation hole.

[0021] A one-way mud adding port is provided on the top of the foaming box for adding mud, and the end outlet adopts an S-shaped curve tapering design to increase the foam outlet flow rate while reducing foam loss caused by local resistance.

[0022] A wave buffer port is set at an angle at the lower part of the one-way mud addition port to prevent a large impulse from being generated when the mud descends, thereby inhibiting the mixing effect.

[0023] The turbocharger has a built-in turbine and impeller. The inertia of the foam liquid flow impacts the turbine inside the turbocharger. Through the central connecting piece, the turbine drives the coaxial impeller to draw nitrogen from the external environment and pump it into the foaming box, increasing the suction volume and improving the foaming efficiency.

[0024] The magnetic stirrer is arranged at the liquid inlet side of the foaming box. It drives the permanent magnetic fan inside the foaming box to rotate and stir the foaming raw materials through the principle that like charges repel and opposite charges attract in the magnetic field.

[0025] The permanent magnetic fan provides power for the rotation of the material in the foaming box, and at the same time transports the prepared multi-phase resistant gel foam outward. The fan speed is adjustable, ranging from 0-3000rpm.

[0026] Two ellipsoidal foaming nets are respectively fixed at the closing parts of the composite reinforced foam outlet to improve the foam production efficiency, and the aperture of the end closing gauze is larger.

[0027] Furthermore, the one-way mud addition port is threadedly connected to the foaming box and consists of a detachable shell, a rotating hinge, folding fan blades, a fixed hanging ring and a compression spring, which can realize one-way mud injection and prevent the prepared multi-phase resistant gel foam from overflowing.

[0028] After the mud is added into the one-way mud adding port, when the mud gravity is greater than the elastic force of the compression spring, the compression spring is squeezed and the folding fan blades open toward the inside of the foaming box, allowing the mud to enter the foaming box.

[0029] The one-way mud adding port is easy to disassemble and clean to prevent mud blockage. At the same time, the compression spring can be replaced to facilitate equipment maintenance.

[0030] Furthermore, the foam perfusion observation hole is placed at the end of the magnetized pressurized foam generating device, and is composed of high-transmittance glass, a photographic fill light, a high-definition camera and a transparent protective cover. The high-transmittance glass is connected to the upper wall of the foaming box, and photographic fill lights are placed on both sides above the high-transmittance glass. An external transparent protective cover is placed, and a high-definition camera is located on the upper inner part of the transparent protective cover, which is convenient for accurately capturing the foam state and confirming the foaming effect.

[0031] Furthermore, the multiphase retardant gel foam condenses the superior fire extinguishing performance of retardant materials, multiphase foams and gels, and has good water retention, diffusivity, high-level control, cooling, oxygen isolation, sealing and thermal stability. Its components include fly ash sodium soil mixed particles, composite foaming agent, cross-linking agent, thickener and retardant materials such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and calcium chloride.

[0032] The ratio of fly ash to sodium soil is 1.2-2.3. The addition of sodium soil improves the suspension and dispersion of fly ash particles and effectively enhances the foam stability.

[0033] The mass fraction of the composite foaming agent is 4‰-5‰, and its main components are sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate. The composite design of the foaming agent increases the foaming expansion volume and stability.

[0034] The cross-linking agent and thickener are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1, and their interaction forms a three-dimensional network structure, thereby increasing the foam viscosity and foaming expansion volume.

[0035] The inhibitory materials include magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, calcium chloride, etc., with a mass fraction of 4%-6%. The addition of the inhibitory materials enhances the water-holding capacity and heat resistance of the foam. At the same time, the inhibitory materials react with active groups such as oxygen-containing functional groups and carboxyl groups to form stable complexes.

[0036] The retardant material, coal ash sodium soil mixed particles, thickener and cross-linking agent are solidified together to form a membrane covering layer on the surface of the coal body and in the internal pore channels, which can effectively block external oxygen from entering the coal body and prevent the coal body from undergoing deep oxidation.

[0037] Furthermore, the hierarchical full-stage treatment process includes loess surface covering, zoned drilling of waste rock heaps, high-pressure water rotary punching, injection of multi-phase retardant gel foam for fire extinguishing, and sealing with coal spontaneous combustion parameter monitoring pluggers.

[0038] Use 1.0-1.2m thick loess to fully cover the surface of the waste rock pile to reduce air leakage and suppress the generation of fire wind pressure. According to the structural characteristics of the waste rock pile, it is horizontally divided into three danger level areas for zoning management.

[0039] High-pressure hydraulic punching adopts the method of intermittent rotary drill withdrawal. During the drill withdrawal process, rotary punching is performed at different intervals, which can improve the effect of hydraulic punching and effectively increase the porosity and permeability of the coal gangue mountain in the punching area. At the same time, water entering the high-temperature area of ​​the gangue mountain can achieve the effect of heat absorption and cooling, and can also enhance the penetration effect after subsequent foam injection, so that the diffusion range of the foam is effectively increased, thereby achieving better fire extinguishing effect. The water pressure provided by the hydraulic punching device is 5-6MPa and the water flow rate is 120-160L / min.

[0040] Multiphase retardant gel foam is injected from the borehole entrance to extinguish the fire. After the fire is extinguished, the coal spontaneous combustion parameter monitoring plugger is used to seal the hole.

[0041] Furthermore, based on the accumulation pattern and porosity characteristics of the gangue mountain, three danger level areas are divided horizontally, namely high-risk area, medium-risk area and low-risk area, and different drilling spacing and depths are used to carry out zoning and classification of spontaneous combustion of the gangue mountain.

[0042] The high-risk area is the slope of the waste rock pile. Due to the particle size segregation caused by accumulation, its porosity is large. A large amount of oxygen enters the waste rock pile through the fire wind pressure, which easily leads to spontaneous combustion. The drilling spacing here is 1.0m, and the drilling depth h is related to the slope height H, which can be expressed as:

[0043]

[0044] The medium-risk area is close to the slope platform. Due to the slope's obstruction of air, the air leakage is relatively small and is less likely to spontaneously combust than the high-risk area. The drilling spacing here is 2.0m and the drilling depth is 10.0m.

[0045] The low-risk area is far away from the slope platform section. Due to the obstruction of air leakage by the slope and the platform section near the slope, the oxygen concentration here is low and the coal gangue is difficult to spontaneously combust. The drilling spacing here is 4.0m and the drilling depth is 8.0m.

[0046] As the level of the hazardous area increases, the drilling spacing decreases and the drilling depth increases. More and deeper multiphase retardant gel foam is injected into the high-hazard area during the treatment, so that the foam spreads over a larger area in the waste rock pile and achieves better spontaneous combustion control effect.

[0047] In actual engineering applications, based on the real-time working conditions of the gangue mountain, the setting of drilling spacing and drilling depth in high / medium / low risk areas can be adapted to local conditions and fluctuate within 50%.

[0048] Furthermore, the coal spontaneous combustion parameter monitoring plugging device includes a plugging device body and a detachable screw cap. The plugging device body and the screw cap are threadedly connected to ensure that the screw cap can be flexibly disassembled.

[0049] A rotating handle is provided above the detachable screw cap, which makes it easier to remove the screw cap and facilitates the injection of various fire extinguishing substances into the drill hole. The screw cap can continue to play a sealing role after injection.

[0050] A drilling high-temperature sensor is installed under the detachable screw cap, which can monitor the temperature changes in the borehole in real time after the foam is injected to determine the effect of the spontaneous combustion control of the coal gangue mountain. The temperature measurement range is -50-700℃; the outside of the drilling high-temperature sensor is protected by a high-thermal conductivity anti-stick metal material shield to prevent dust and foam from adhering to the surface of the sensor's thermistor element, reducing the measurement sensitivity and thus affecting the monitoring effect. The drilling high-temperature sensor and shield can be used multiple times to save energy.

[0051] The borehole high temperature sensors are arranged linearly from top to bottom, with a distance of 0.5m between each two sensors. The downward extension length is 70%-80% of the borehole depth, ensuring the measurement of temperatures at different depths of the borehole, thereby improving the accuracy of monitoring.

[0052] Gas sensors are symmetrically arranged under the screw cap to dynamically monitor the hazardous gases such as CO / CH4 / CO2 released during the coal smoldering process. The gas sensors are equipped with an external automatic opening and closing shield, and a high-precision pressure sensor is installed at the bottom of the shield. When the pressure sensor value does not change with time, it means that the foam is no longer accumulating upwards. At this time, the automatic opening and closing shield is opened and the gas sensor inhales for detection.

[0053] The main body of the sealing device can be embedded in the borehole surface, close to the soil layer of the borehole wall. The enlarged disc above can increase the contact area with the ground to prevent the main body of the sealing device from sinking into the soil layer. At the same time, the anti-slip groove on the enlarged disc can prevent the operator from slipping due to stepping on the sealing device during operation. The diameter of the circular hole of the sealing device main body is 105mm, the radius of the enlarged disc is 300mm, and the depth of the anti-slip groove is 5mm. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 This is the logic diagram of the early warning monitoring and control system for hidden high-temperature heat sources of spontaneous combustion in coal gangue piles of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration-proof mining fire-fighting and rescue vehicle of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment compartment of the vibration-proof mining fire-fighting and rescue vehicle of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetized pressurized foam generating device of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the one-way mud addition port of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the mechanism of the multiphase resistant gel foam of the present invention;

[0060] Figure 7 This is a hierarchical full-stage treatment process diagram of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the coal spontaneous combustion parameter monitoring plugging device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] Figure 1 This is the logic diagram of the early warning, monitoring and control system for hidden high-temperature heat sources of spontaneous combustion in coal gangue piles of the present invention. The control system consists of three modules: continuous early warning before the disaster, graded control during the disaster, and real-time monitoring after the disaster.

[0063] The pre-disaster continuous early warning module includes a drone equipped with an infrared thermal imager and a high-definition panoramic camera to continuously monitor the slag heap in real time from high altitude to determine the scope of the hidden high-temperature area of ​​spontaneous combustion, and to drill holes to measure temperature and gas within the hidden high-temperature area of ​​spontaneous combustion to determine the specific location of the smoldering high-temperature point.

[0064] The specific process for determining the location of smoldering high-temperature points is to use drones equipped with infrared thermal imagers and high-definition panoramic cameras to conduct real-time, continuous and comprehensive monitoring over the gangue heap at the same time, ensuring 24-hour uninterrupted operation, to determine whether there are hidden high-temperature areas of spontaneous combustion on the surface of the gangue heap, to automatically identify whether spontaneous combustion of coal gangue occurs based on the differential temperature threshold, to circle the scope of the hidden high-temperature area of ​​spontaneous combustion, and to activate the high-decibel explosion-proof sound and light alarm to transmit the fire area location, temperature, and image information to the central control platform and the mobile terminal of the safety personnel.

[0065] After defining the hidden high-temperature area of ​​coal spontaneous combustion, according to the specific size of the area, drill holes at intervals of 1.0-4.0m in the same direction to measure temperature and gas. The drilling depth is about 1.0-1.5m to reduce the influence of the natural environment on the measurement results. After determining the most dangerous point in the same direction, use this point as the base point and arrange temperature and gas measuring devices in vertical drilling. The location of the smoldering high-temperature point is determined according to the temperature and gas concentration gradient at different locations.

[0066] The graded disaster management module includes the preparation of fire-extinguishing materials and graded full-stage management processes. It uses a magnetized pressurized foam generator in a vibration-proof mining fire-fighting and rescue vehicle to prepare multi-phase retardant gel foam to control spontaneous combustion of waste rock piles. It also uses a full-stage fire-fighting process that includes covering the surface of loess, drilling holes in waste rock piles, rotary punching with high-pressure water, injecting multi-phase retardant gel foam for fire extinguishing, and sealing holes with coal spontaneous combustion parameter monitoring plugs.

[0067] The post-disaster real-time monitoring module includes a coal spontaneous combustion parameter monitoring plugger that transmits the temperature and gas information in the borehole to the central control platform in real time. Based on the changes in temperature and gas, the control effect of the spontaneous combustion of the coal gangue mountain is determined to prevent re-ignition.

[0068] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vibration-proof mining fire-fighting and rescue vehicle of the present invention. The vibration-proof mining fire-fighting and rescue vehicle mainly includes a vehicle body, detachable tracks, a high-definition camera device, a temperature sensor, an alarm device, and a water curtain fire extinguishing device.

[0069] The vehicle body includes the cockpit, equipment compartment and drive unit.

[0070] The cockpit uses high-temperature resistant tempered glass and reinforced sealing devices at the hardware joints to prevent the glass from shattering during the fire-fighting process, causing smoke to enter and affect the health of personnel. At the same time, portable oxygen cylinders are placed in the cockpit to ensure the breathing capacity of personnel.

[0071] A foam preparation device is installed in the equipment cabin, along with lighting and monitoring facilities to ensure the safe and stable production of multiphase retardant gel foam.

[0072] The drive device includes hybrid power and four front and eight rear tires; hybrid power means that the vehicle is powered by a mixture of engine diesel and electric motor electricity, which reduces fuel consumption, increases explosive power and protects the environment; the four front and eight rear tires are in the form of two axles and four wheels on the front wheels and two axles and eight wheels on the rear wheels. The increase in wheels expands the contact area with the ground, reduces the local pressure of the wheel hub touching the ground, increases the vehicle's load capacity, ensures the full carrying of foam preparation materials, and improves the safety of wheel operation.

[0073] The detachable crawler track is made of steel structure, with a single track on the front wheel and a four-wheel track on the rear wheel, which can prevent the tires from being punctured by protruding ores. The reinforced pattern of the crawler track improves its adhesion to the ground, making it adaptable to the harsh geographical environment of large-angle slopes of waste rock hills and rugged roads.

[0074] High-definition cameras are arranged in front of the personnel in the cockpit, in the center of the vehicle body, in front of both sides of the vehicle body, and inside the equipment compartment of the foam preparation device; the personnel observation camera installed in front of the staff in the cockpit is used to monitor the behavior and status of the staff in the cockpit; the environmental monitoring camera installed in the center of the vehicle body is used to monitor the status of the vehicle's environment; the equipment monitoring camera installed inside the equipment compartment of the foam preparation device is used to monitor the operation of the foam preparation device, and the monitoring information is transmitted to the fire control central platform; anti-blind spot cameras are installed in front of both sides of the vehicle body, and the information is transmitted to the display screen in the cab to prevent the driver from having observation blind spots due to the large vehicle.

[0075] Temperature sensors are arranged at intervals of 2.0m around the vehicle body. The sensor is arranged in the middle of the vehicle body to detect the ambient temperature around the vehicle. When the sensor alarms according to the threshold temperature, the sound and light alarm on the top of the vehicle is activated and the information is transmitted to the central control platform. The person in charge of the central control platform or the person in charge of cockpit safety turns on the circular multi-nozzle water curtain sprinklers at intervals of 2.0-4.0m on the top of the left / right / rear sides of the vehicle body and the bottom of the front side glass. The sprinklers spray water to cover the vehicle, cool the vehicle body and extinguish fires in the environment around the vehicle, so as to protect the vehicle and the people inside the vehicle. The sprinklers are threadedly connected to the water distribution branch pipe and the size and model are adjustable.

[0076] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the equipment cabin of the vibration-proof mining fire-fighting and rescue vehicle of the present invention. The equipment cabin of the vibration-proof mining fire-fighting and rescue vehicle includes a permanent magnet cabin bottom plate, a sawtooth spiral mud mixing device, a foam liquid porous mixing device, a magnetized booster foam generating device, a nitrogen injection machine, a flow-adjustable pump, a water tank and a foam preparation raw material storage box (coal ash sodium soil mixed particles, composite foaming agent, cross-linking agent, thickener and inhibitory material). The function of the equipment cabin is to prepare multiphase inhibitory gel foam to control the spontaneous combustion of coal gangue heaps.

[0077] The main preparation process of multiphase resisting gel foam is as follows: high-pressure water, fly ash sodium soil mixed particles and resisting material are fully mixed in a sawtooth spiral mud mixing device to form mud, which is then input into a magnetized boost foam generating device; composite foaming agent, cross-linking agent and thickener are mixed in a foam liquid porous mixing device to generate composite foaming liquid, which is then input into a magnetized boost foam generating device; mud, composite foaming liquid and nitrogen are mixed and foamed in the magnetized boost foam generating device to generate multiphase resisting gel foam.

[0078] The bottom plate of the equipment cabin is made of permanent magnets. After the foam preparation device is installed, the permanent magnets and the foam preparation device form a tight magnetic connection, ensuring the stability of the equipment during climbing and driving, preventing unsafe conditions such as equipment tilting due to bumps, and providing protection for the preparation of multi-phase resistive gel foam.

[0079] The sawtooth spiral mud mixing device is equipped with a rotatable stainless steel smooth sawtooth spiral, which can spirally stir high-pressure water, fly ash sodium soil mixed particles and retardant materials to promote their full mixing and generate fine mud.

[0080] The inlet of the porous mixing device for foam liquid is set as a central mixing port, and the foam raw materials (foaming agent, cross-linking agent, thickener) and high-pressure water are injected in the form of a ring so that they are fully mixed in the middle to prevent low-content foam raw materials from sinking and causing loss, affecting the ratio; the interior of the device adopts arc corners to reduce local losses and prevent accumulation dead corners; the mixing device has two built-in porous plates with evenly arranged circular holes on the plates, so that the composite foaming agent, cross-linking agent and thickener collide with each other at the interface of the orifice plate, thereby preparing a foam liquid with a better degree of fusion.

[0081] The flow-adjustable pump is installed between the foam preparation raw material storage tank and the foam preparation device or different foam preparation devices and is controlled from the cockpit to ensure a good foam ratio.

[0082] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetized pressurized foam generating device of the present invention, which includes a foaming box, a turbocharger, a magnetic stirrer, a permanent magnetic rotary fan, an ellipsoidal foaming net, a one-way mud addition port, and a foam perfusion observation hole.

[0083] A one-way mud adding port is provided on the top of the foaming box for adding mud. The end outlet adopts an S-shaped curve tapering design. When the outlet cross-sectional area decreases, the foam flow rate increases, which facilitates injection into the borehole.

[0084] A wave buffer port is set at an angle at the lower part of the one-way mud addition port to prevent a large impulse from being generated when the mud descends, thereby inhibiting the mixing effect.

[0085] The turbocharger has a built-in turbine and impeller. The inertia of the foam liquid flow impacts the turbine inside the turbocharger. Through the central connecting piece, the turbine drives the coaxial impeller to draw nitrogen from the external environment and pump it into the foaming box, increasing the suction volume and improving the foaming efficiency.

[0086] The magnetic stirrer is arranged at the liquid inlet side of the foaming box. Through the principle of like-charged magnetic fields repelling and opposite-charged magnetic fields attracting, it drives the permanent magnetic fan inside the foaming box to rotate, thereby stirring the internal foaming raw materials, causing the mixed raw materials to spirally rotate in the form of central cavitation, and at the same time transporting the prepared multi-phase resistant gel foam to the foam infusion port. The speed of the permanent magnetic fan can be adjusted from 0 to 3000 rpm.

[0087] Two ellipsoidal foaming nets are set at the rear end of the foaming box. From the inlet to the outlet, the diameter of the foaming net increases from 2mm to 4mm, which improves the foaming effect.

[0088] The foam perfusion observation hole is placed at the end of the magnetized pressurized foam generating device. It consists of high-transmittance glass, a photographic fill light, a high-definition camera and a transparent protective cover. The high-transmittance glass is connected to the upper wall of the foaming box. Photographic fill lights are placed on both sides above the high-transmittance glass, and an external transparent protective cover is placed. The high-definition camera is located on the upper inner part of the transparent protective cover to accurately capture the foam state and confirm the foaming effect.

[0089] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the one-way mud addition port of the present invention. The one-way mud addition port is arranged on the top of the magnetized pressurized foam generating device. It consists of a detachable shell, a rotating hinge, a folding fan blade, a fixed hanging ring and a compression spring. The one-way mud addition port is connected to the foaming box through a thread and a fixing part, and is used to add mud to the inside of the foaming box.

[0090] The one-way mud adding port adopts a compression spring structure to realize the one-way valve effect, which can effectively prevent the internal foam from overflowing while ensuring the injection of materials.

[0091] The detachable design of threads and fixings improves the convenience of the device and effectively prevents mud blockage. The compression spring can be replaced to facilitate equipment maintenance. The ratio of spring elastic length to total fan blade length is required to be 1 / 2-4 / 5.

[0092] Figure 6This is the mechanism diagram of the multiphase retardant gel foam of the present invention, which condenses the superior fire extinguishing performance of retardant materials, multiphase foams and gels, and has good water retention, diffusivity, high-level control, cooling, oxygen isolation, sealing and thermal stability. Its components include fly ash sodium soil mixed particles, composite foaming agent, cross-linking agent, thickener and retardant materials such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and calcium chloride.

[0093] The ratio of fly ash to sodium soil is 1.2-2.3. The addition of sodium soil improves the suspension and dispersion of fly ash particles and effectively enhances the stability of foam; the mass fraction of the composite foaming agent is 4‰-5‰, and the main components are sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The composite design of the foaming agent increases the foaming expansion volume and stability; the cross-linking agent and the thickener are mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1, and interact to form a three-dimensional network structure, thereby increasing the foam viscosity and foaming expansion volume; the inhibitory materials include magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, calcium chloride, etc., with a mass fraction of 4%-6%. The addition of the inhibitory materials enhances the water-holding capacity and heat resistance of the foam. At the same time, the inhibitory materials react with active groups such as oxygen-containing functional groups and carboxyl groups to form stable complexes.

[0094] The specific action process and principle of multiphase retardant gel foam are described as follows.

[0095] Step 1: The multiphase retardant gel foam has a low initial viscosity and good flow and diffusion properties. After being injected from the borehole opening, it can quickly spread to the bottom of the coal gangue, wrap the loose coal body in the spontaneous combustion area, and isolate oxygen.

[0096] After the multiphase retardant gel foam is injected in step 2, its volume expands rapidly and accumulates in large quantities inside the waste rock pile, forming a high-level spreading accumulation trend, preventing the fire extinguishing agent from being lost along the low-resistance channel, resulting in incomplete spontaneous combustion control.

[0097] In step 3, the nitrogen sealed in the multi-phase inhibitory gel foam is released as the foam bursts, diluting the oxygen concentration and exerting a suffocating and explosion-suppressing effect. Inhibiting materials such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and calcium chloride react with active groups such as carboxyl to form stable complexes, which block the pores. Their excellent water retention, stability, and heat resistance can inhibit the spontaneous combustion of coal in the waste rock pile for a long time.

[0098] In step 4, a large amount of water in the multiphase resistant gel foam evaporates due to heat, which can quickly absorb the heat from the internal environment of the waste rock pile, thereby effectively cooling it down. At the same time, the gel layer covers the coal body, playing an excellent sealing role.

[0099] In step 5, the retardant material, fly ash sodium soil mixed particles, thickener and cross-linking agent in the foam are solidified together to further form a membrane covering layer on the surface of the coal body and in the internal pore channels, which can effectively block external oxygen from entering the coal body and prevent deep oxidation of the coal body.

[0100] Figure 7 This is a hierarchical full-stage treatment process diagram of the present invention, including loess surface covering, zoned drilling of waste rock heaps, high-pressure water rotary punching, injection of multi-phase retardant gel foam for fire extinguishing, and plugging with coal spontaneous combustion parameter monitoring pluggers.

[0101] Use 1.0-1.2m thick loess to fully cover the surface of the waste rock pile to reduce air leakage and suppress the generation of fire wind pressure. According to the structural characteristics of the waste rock pile, it is horizontally divided into three danger levels and managed in a zoned and classified manner.

[0102] High-pressure hydraulic punching adopts the method of intermittent rotary drill withdrawal. During the drill withdrawal process, rotary punching is performed at different intervals, which can improve the effect of hydraulic punching and effectively increase the porosity and permeability of the waste rock pile in the punching area. At the same time, water entering the high-temperature area of ​​the waste rock pile can achieve the effect of heat absorption and cooling, and can also enhance the penetration effect after subsequent foam injection, so that the diffusion range of the foam is effectively increased, thereby achieving a better fire extinguishing effect; the water pressure provided by the hydraulic punching device is 5-6MPa, and the water flow rate is 120-160L / min.

[0103] After the high-pressure hydraulic punching is completed, multiphase retardant gel foam is injected from the drill hole opening to control the spontaneous combustion of the waste rock pile, and then the coal spontaneous combustion parameter monitoring plugger is used to seal the hole.

[0104] According to the accumulation pattern and porosity characteristics of the waste rock pile, three danger level areas are divided horizontally, namely high danger area, medium danger area and low danger area, and different drilling spacing and depths are used for zoning and classification and segmented management.

[0105] The high-risk area is the slope of the waste rock pile. Due to the particle size segregation caused by accumulation, its porosity is large. A large amount of oxygen enters the waste rock pile through the fire wind pressure, which is prone to spontaneous combustion. The drilling spacing here is 1.0m, and the drilling depth h is related to the slope height H, which can be expressed as:

[0106]

[0107] The medium-risk area is close to the slope platform. Due to the slope's obstruction of air, the air leakage is relatively small and is less likely to spontaneously combust than the high-risk area. The drilling spacing here is 2.0m and the drilling depth is 10.0m.

[0108] The low-risk area is far away from the slope platform section. Due to the obstruction of air leakage by the slope and the platform section near the slope, the oxygen concentration is low and it is difficult to spontaneously combust. The drilling spacing here is 4.0m and the drilling depth is 8.0m.

[0109] As the level of the dangerous area increases, the drilling distance decreases and the drilling depth increases. More and deeper foam is injected into the high-risk area during treatment, so that the foam spreads over a larger area in the waste rock pile, achieving better cooling and sealing effects.

[0110] In actual engineering applications, based on the real-time working conditions of the gangue mountain, the setting of drilling spacing and drilling depth in high / medium / low risk areas can be adapted to local conditions and fluctuate within 50%.

[0111] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the coal spontaneous combustion parameter monitoring plugger of the present invention, which includes a plugging device body and a detachable screw cap. The plugging device body and the detachable screw cap are threadedly connected to ensure that the screw cap can be flexibly disassembled. The rotary handle above the screw cap makes it more convenient to disassemble the screw cap. The flexibly detachable screw cap facilitates the injection of various substances into the drill hole and can continue to play a plugging role after the substances are injected.

[0112] A drilling high-temperature sensor is installed under the screw cap, which can monitor the temperature in the borehole in real time after the foam is injected to determine the treatment effect of the hidden high-temperature area of ​​the waste rock mountain. The temperature measurement range of the drilling high-temperature sensor is -50-700℃; the outside of the sensor is protected by a high-thermal-conductivity anti-stick metal material shield to prevent dust and foam from adhering to the surface of the sensor's thermistor element, reducing the measurement sensitivity and thus affecting the monitoring effect. The drilling high-temperature sensor and shield can be used multiple times to save energy.

[0113] The borehole high temperature sensors are arranged linearly from top to bottom, with a distance of 0.5m between each two sensors. The downward extension length is 70%-80% of the borehole depth, ensuring the measurement of temperatures at different depths of the borehole, thereby improving the accuracy of monitoring.

[0114] Gas sensors are symmetrically arranged under the screw cap to dynamically monitor the hazardous gases such as CO / CH4 / CO2 released during the coal smoldering process. The gas sensors are equipped with an external automatic opening and closing shield, and a high-precision pressure sensor is installed at the bottom of the shield. When the pressure sensor value does not change with time, it means that the foam is no longer accumulating upwards. At this time, the automatic opening and closing shield is opened and the gas sensor inhales for detection.

[0115] The main body of the sealing device can be embedded in the borehole surface, close to the soil layer of the borehole wall. At the same time, the enlarged disc above can increase the contact area with the ground to prevent the main body of the sealing device from sinking into the soil layer. At the same time, the anti-slip groove on the enlarged disc can prevent the operator from slipping due to stepping on the sealing device during operation. The diameter of the circular hole of the sealing device main body is 105mm, the radius of the enlarged disc is 300mm, and the depth of the anti-slip groove is 5mm.

Claims

1. The early warning monitoring and control system for hidden high-temperature heat sources of spontaneous combustion in coal gangue piles is characterized by: It consists of three modules: pre-disaster continuous early warning, disaster-graded governance, and post-disaster real-time monitoring; The pre-disaster continuous early warning module includes drones equipped with infrared thermal imagers and high-definition panoramic cameras to comprehensively monitor the hidden high-temperature areas of spontaneous combustion in coal gangue heaps. It automatically identifies whether spontaneous combustion has occurred based on a differential temperature threshold, activates a high-decibel explosion-proof sound and light alarm, and transmits the location, temperature, and image of the fire area to the central control platform and the mobile terminal of the safety personnel. After the scope of the spontaneous combustion hidden high-temperature area is circled, temperature and gas measurements are measured at intervals of 1.0-4.0m in the same direction, with a drilling depth of 1.0-1.5m. After the most dangerous point is determined in the same direction, temperature and gas measuring devices are arranged vertically based on this point. The specific location of the smoldering high-temperature point is determined based on the temperature and gas concentration gradient at different locations. The disaster-graded management module includes the preparation of fire extinguishing materials and a graded full-stage management process. The fire extinguishing material preparation is to prepare a multi-phase resistant gel foam using a magnetized pressurized foam generator in a vibration-proof mining fire-fighting and rescue vehicle. The hierarchical full-stage treatment process includes a full-stage fire extinguishing process of loess surface covering, waste rock pile drilling, high-pressure water rotary punching, injection of multi-phase retardant gel foam fire extinguishing, and coal spontaneous combustion parameter monitoring plugging device sealing. According to the characteristics of the waste rock pile accumulation structure, three danger levels are divided horizontally. The high-risk area is the waste rock pile slope. The drilling spacing here is 1.0m. The drilling depth h is related to the slope height H, which can be expressed as: The medium-risk area is close to the slope platform, where the drilling spacing is 2.0m and the drilling depth is 10.0m; the low-risk area is far from the slope platform, where the drilling spacing is 4.0m and the drilling depth is 8.0m. The post-disaster real-time monitoring module includes a coal spontaneous combustion parameter monitoring plugger that feeds back the temperature and gas information in the borehole to the central control platform in real time to determine the treatment effect of hidden high-temperature points in the coal gangue mountain; the coal spontaneous combustion parameter monitoring plugger consists of a threaded device body and a screw cap, and a borehole high-temperature sensor is installed at a longitudinal interval of 0.5m below the screw cap, and the outside of the sensor is protected by a high-thermal-conductivity anti-sticking metal isolation cover; a gas sensor is arranged under the screw cap to dynamically monitor the disaster-causing gases released during the CO / CH4 / CO2 coal smoldering process; the gas sensor is equipped with an external automatic opening and closing shield, and the shield opening and closing function is determined by the change rate of the high-precision pressure sensor at the bottom. When the change rate is 0, the automatic opening and closing shield is opened, and the gas sensor inhales for detection.

2. The early warning monitoring and control system for hidden high-temperature heat sources of spontaneous combustion in coal gangue piles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The vibration-proof mining firefighting and rescue vehicle includes a driver's cabin, a foam preparation device compartment, and a drive unit. Removable tracks are installed outside the tires. High-definition panoramic cameras are installed inside the driver's cabin, in the center of the vehicle body, on both sides of the front, and inside the foam preparation device compartment to monitor the behavior of people in the driver's cabin, the stability of the equipment, and the environmental safety level. Temperature sensors are arranged around the vehicle body, and an audible and visual alarm is installed on the top; multi-nozzle water curtain nozzles are installed on the top of the left / right / rear sides of the vehicle body and under the front glass.

3. The early warning, monitoring and control system for hidden high-temperature heat sources of spontaneous combustion in coal gangue piles according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The equipment cabin of the foam preparation device includes a permanent magnet cabin bottom plate, a sawtooth spiral mud mixing device, a foam liquid porous mixing device, a magnetized booster foam generating device, and a flow-adjustable pump. The permanent magnet cabin bottom plate fixes the device to the vehicle. The sawtooth spiral mud mixing device adopts a smooth sawtooth spiral structure, and two porous plates are installed inside the foam liquid porous mixing device.

4. The early warning, monitoring and control system for hidden high-temperature heat sources of spontaneous combustion in coal gangue piles according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The magnetized supercharged foam generating device includes a foaming box, a turbocharger, a magnetic stirrer, a permanent magnetic rotary fan, an ellipsoidal foaming net, a one-way mud addition port, and a foam infusion observation hole; the high-speed foaming liquid drives the turbocharger to rotate, which is used to draw nitrogen; the magnetic stirrer drives the permanent magnetic rotary fan to rotate, causing the raw materials in the foaming box to rotate and mix, and transports the prepared foam to the infusion port.

5. The early warning, monitoring and control system for hidden high-temperature heat sources of spontaneous combustion in coal gangue piles according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The one-way mud addition port is arranged on the top of the foaming box and consists of a detachable shell, a rotating hinge, folding fan blades, a fixed hanging ring and a compression spring. The one-way mud injection can be achieved when the mud gravity exceeds the elastic force of the compression spring.

6. The early warning, monitoring and control system for hidden high-temperature heat sources of spontaneous combustion in coal gangue piles according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The foam perfusion observation hole is placed at the end of the magnetized pressurized foam generating device, and is composed of high-transmittance glass, a photographic fill light, a high-definition camera and a transparent protective cover. The high-transmittance glass is connected to the upper wall of the foaming box, and the photographic fill light is placed symmetrically above the high-transmittance glass, an external transparent protective cover, and the high-definition camera is located on the upper inner part of the transparent protective cover.

7. The early warning, monitoring and control system for hidden high-temperature heat sources of spontaneous combustion in coal gangue piles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multi-phase retardant gel foam consists of fly ash sodium soil mixed particles, a composite foaming agent, a cross-linking agent, a thickening agent and retardant materials such as magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide and calcium chloride.

Images