A fuel cell backup power supply based on solid-state hydrogen storage system that can cope with low temperature conditions

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of fuel cell backup power supply, more particularly to a solid-state hydrogen storage system based fuel cell backup power supply capable of dealing with low temperature conditions, comprising: electrolytic hydrogen production device, pure water tank, hydrogen pipeline, pressure relief valve, pressure sensor, primary adsorption tank, high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage device, high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, solid-state hydrogen storage device, check valve, stop valve, pressure reducing valve, fuel cell, circulating water pump, circulating water heater, water tank, nickel-hydrogen battery pack, hydrogen leakage monitoring sensor, temperature sensor, pressure sensor and other components. The present application can continuously supply hydrogen to fuel cells in a low temperature environment by using solid-state hydrogen storage mode, thereby continuously providing power for power units. The present application has reasonable scheme and simple structure, and can store or output electric energy by using the advantages of hydrogen storage alloy and fuel cell. In addition, the present application can reasonably utilize electric power resources, reduce the load valley difference of power grid, avoid energy waste, and realize economic operation of power grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell backup power, and more specifically, to a fuel cell backup power source based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system that can cope with low-temperature conditions. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to fossil fuels, hydrogen energy boasts advantages such as high energy conversion efficiency, no pollution byproducts generated during use, and abundant hydrogen sources, making it considered one of the most promising clean energy sources of the 21st century. Among the many applications of hydrogen energy, fuel cell technology, with its quiet, efficient, and pollution-free characteristics, is suitable for non-power equipment such as aviation ground support equipment, portable power supplies, and emergency lighting. Traditional backup power supplies rely on converting gasoline and diesel fuel into electricity, which suffers from problems such as high noise levels and carbon emissions. Therefore, researchers have attempted to develop clean energy sources to power lighting fixtures, such as photovoltaic and wind-powered portable lights; however, these suffer from intermittent power supply issues. As fuel cell technology matures, hydrogen energy can be applied to backup power systems.

[0003] The design of backup power systems using hydrogen energy mainly involves hydrogen production, storage, and fuel cell technologies. Efficient and safe hydrogen storage is crucial for the realization of hydrogen energy. Hydrogen exists in a gaseous state under normal conditions and is flammable, explosive, and easily diffused, posing significant challenges to its storage. Hydrogen storage is primarily categorized into gaseous, liquid, and solid states. Gaseous hydrogen storage, mainly high-pressure compression storage, involves compressing hydrogen under high pressure to store it in a high-density gaseous state. This technology is the most mature and commonly used, offering advantages such as low cost, easy dehydrogenation, and wide operating conditions. However, it has limited storage capacity, high energy consumption, requires pressure-resistant containers, and carries risks of hydrogen leakage and container explosion. Cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage technology utilizes the liquefaction of hydrogen under high pressure and low temperature conditions, achieving a volume density 845 times that of its gaseous state, thus enabling highly efficient hydrogen storage. Its transport efficiency is higher than that of gaseous hydrogen. However, to ensure low-temperature and high-pressure conditions, not only are there requirements for the material of the storage tank, but also for a complete and rigorous insulation solution and cooling equipment. Cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage technology is mainly used in the military and aerospace fields, and commercial research and application are just beginning. However, it has advantages in large-scale, long-distance storage and transportation. Solid-state hydrogen storage involves hydrogen storage alloys combining with hydrogen to store hydrogen in the form of metal hydrides, and the hydrogen can be released under certain conditions. Solid-state hydrogen storage has certain advantages over high-pressure gaseous and liquid hydrogen storage: firstly, solid-state hydrogen storage has a high volumetric hydrogen storage density; secondly, solid-state hydrogen storage has good safety, can store hydrogen at normal temperature and pressure, and the storage tanks are easy to seal. In the event of a hydrogen leak, the storage tank can automatically reduce the rate and amount of hydrogen leakage, buying valuable time for safety measures. At the same time, solid-state hydrogen storage stores hydrogen at lower pressures, eliminating the energy consumption required for high-pressure hydrogen compression and the investment costs required for high-pressure hydrogen compressors.

[0004] These advantages enable solid-state hydrogen storage to be applied in scenarios such as stationary hydrogen storage, peak-shaving and valley-filling hydrogen storage in power systems, and backup power. However, the hydrogen absorption and desorption pressure of hydrogen storage alloys decreases with decreasing temperature, which leads to extremely low temperatures or even sub-zero conditions in some environments. In these cases, solid-state hydrogen storage cannot effectively provide hydrogen for fuel cells. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a backup power source for fuel cells based on solid-state hydrogen storage systems that can cope with low-temperature conditions to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Hydrogen storage alloys suffer from a drawback: their hydrogen absorption and desorption capacity decreases with decreasing temperature. In extreme environments, temperatures can drop to below freezing, making solid-state hydrogen storage ineffective for fuel cells. The purpose of this invention is to provide a backup power source for fuel cells based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system that can withstand low-temperature conditions, enabling a continuous and stable supply of hydrogen to the fuel cell under these conditions.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is:

[0007] A fuel cell backup power source based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system, capable of withstanding low-temperature conditions, comprises an electrolytic hydrogen production device whose gas delivery end is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of a fifth shut-off valve via a gas pipeline, and the third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of a second one-way valve via a gas pipeline. The output end of the fifth shut-off valve is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of a second solid-state hydrogen storage tank via a gas pipeline, and the third port of the three-way connector is connected to the first port of another three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the other three-way connector is connected to a fourth pressure relief valve via a gas pipeline. The output end of the fourth pressure relief valve is directly connected to the atmosphere, and the third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of a first solid-state hydrogen storage tank via a gas pipeline.

[0008] The output of the first solid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the first port of a tee connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the tee connector is connected to a third pressure sensor. The third port of the tee connector is connected to the first port of another tee connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the other tee connector is connected to the output of the second solid hydrogen storage tank via a gas pipeline. The third port of the tee connector is connected to the inlet of a fourth shut-off valve via a gas pipeline. The output of the fourth shut-off valve is connected to the inlet of a second pressure reducing valve via a gas pipeline.

[0009] The output of the second one-way valve is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the third pressure relief valve via a gas pipeline. The output of the third pressure relief valve faces the atmosphere and directly exhausts gas to the outside when the internal pressure of the primary adsorption tank exceeds a specified value. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the primary adsorption tank via a gas pipeline. The output of the primary adsorption tank is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the second pressure sensor. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the second shut-off valve via a gas pipeline. The output of the second shut-off valve is connected to the inlet of the third one-way valve via a gas pipeline. The output of the third one-way valve is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the first pressure sensor. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage device via a gas pipeline. The output of the high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage device is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the connector is connected to the second pressure relief valve via a gas pipeline. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the first one-way valve via a gas pipeline. The output of the first one-way valve is connected to the first port of another three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the other three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the first pressure relief valve via a gas pipeline. The output of the first pressure relief valve faces the atmosphere. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank via a gas pipeline. The output of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the fourth pressure sensor via a gas pipeline. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the third shut-off valve via a gas pipeline. The output of the third shut-off valve is connected to the inlet of the first pressure reducing valve via a gas pipeline. The output of the first pressure reducing valve is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the output of the second pressure reducing valve via a gas pipeline. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell 20 via a gas pipeline.

[0010] The aforementioned fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system, capable of handling low-temperature conditions, has its inlet end of the electrolysis hydrogen production device connected to the outlet end of the pure water tank via a water pipe; the primary adsorption tank has a sandwich structure, with a heat exchange circuit arranged in the middle sandwich layer, the inlet end of which is connected to the water supply end of the first shut-off valve via a water pipe, the inlet end of the first shut-off valve connected to the first port of a tee connector via a water pipe, the second port of the tee connector connected to a first temperature sensor with a matching threaded connector via a threaded connection, the third port of the tee connector connected to the outlet end of a circulating water heater via a water pipe, the inlet end of the circulating water heater connected to the outlet end of the heat exchange circuit via a water pipe, and the water inlet of the circulating water heater connected to the first water tank via a water pipe;

[0011] The first and second solid-state hydrogen storage tanks are sandwiched structures, with a heat exchange circuit arranged in the middle sandwich. The outlet of the heat exchange circuit in the first solid-state hydrogen storage tank is connected to the inlet of the second solid-state hydrogen storage tank via a water pipe. The outlet of the second solid-state hydrogen storage tank is connected to the first port of a tee connector via a water pipe. The second port of the tee connector is connected to a second temperature sensor. The third port of the tee connector is connected to the inlet of a second water tank via a water pipe. The outlet of the second water tank is connected to the heat exchange inlet of the fuel cell via a water pipe. The heat exchange outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the inlet of a circulating water pump via a water pipe. The outlet of the circulating water pump is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange circuit in the first solid-state hydrogen storage tank via a water pipe.

[0012] The aforementioned fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system, capable of handling low-temperature conditions, includes an electrolysis hydrogen production device, a circulating water heater, and a nickel-metal hydride battery pack powered by an external power source. The fuel cell and nickel-metal hydride battery pack are connected to the user via power lines. The external power source is either mains power or clean energy. The nickel-metal hydride battery pack powers the circulating water pump, and the user is powered by either the nickel-metal hydride battery pack or the fuel cell. The circulating water pump is a self-priming pump, a gear pump, or a diaphragm pump.

[0013] The aforementioned fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system capable of handling low-temperature conditions comprises: a first solid-state hydrogen storage tank and a second solid-state hydrogen storage tank, each consisting of one or more metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks; a first-stage adsorption tank, consisting of one or more metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks for hydrogen pressurization; and a high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage device, consisting of one or more metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks for hydrogen pressurization. Wherein:

[0014] The metal hydride hydrogen storage tank consists of a gas valve, a heat exchanger or circulating water jacket, an outlet, a filter element, a porous stainless steel guide pipe, a hydrogen storage module, heat transfer fins, a tank body, and a water inlet. The specific structure is as follows: The gas valve is located outside the tank body; the filter element is located at one end of the tank body's inner cavity; one end of the gas valve is screwed to one end of the tank body via a pipe, one end of which extends into the inner cavity of the tank body and is fixedly connected to one end of the filter element; the porous stainless steel guide pipe is positioned at the central axis inside the tank body; the other end of the filter element is inserted into the porous stainless steel guide pipe, and the filter element and the porous stainless steel guide pipe are coaxial; the hydrogen storage module is filled inside the tank body, and the porous stainless steel guide pipe passes through the hydrogen storage module. The hydrogen storage module has two or more heat transfer fins arranged parallel to each other on the inner side wall of the tank body. Each heat transfer fin has a through hole in its center, through which the porous stainless steel guide pipe passes.

[0015] The aforementioned fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system, capable of coping with low-temperature conditions, has a water exchange circuit or a circulating water jacket around the tank. The water exchange circuit or the circulating water jacket is equipped with an outlet and an inlet, and the water flow direction of the water exchange circuit or the circulating water jacket is that water enters from the bottom of the tank and exits from the top of the tank.

[0016] The aforementioned fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system, capable of withstanding low-temperature conditions, comprises the following: In the metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks of the first and second solid-state hydrogen storage tanks, the hydrogen storage modules are filled with rare-earth or titanium-based materials, and the saturated hydrogen absorption pressure at 30°C is 1.6 MPa to 3.2 MPa lower than the hydrogen outlet pressure of the electrolytic hydrogen production device; In the metal hydride hydrogen storage tank for hydrogen pressurization in the first-stage adsorption tank, the hydrogen storage modules are filled with rare-earth or titanium-based materials, and the saturated hydrogen absorption pressure at 30°C is 1.6 MPa to 3.2 MPa lower than the hydrogen outlet pressure of the electrolytic hydrogen production device, while the hydrogen release pressure at 80°C is higher than 10 MPa; In the high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen storage modules are filled with rare-earth or titanium-based materials, and the hydrogen release pressure at -30°C is higher than 1 MPa, while the saturated hydrogen absorption pressure at 30°C is lower than 10 MPa.

[0017] The aforementioned fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system, capable of coping with low-temperature conditions, consists of a cluster of metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks composed of two or more layers, with each layer containing two or more metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks.

[0018] The aforementioned fuel cell backup power source based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system, capable of handling low-temperature conditions, comprises a metal hydride hydrogen storage tank cluster consisting of gas valves, gas pipelines, four-way connectors, tank valves, tank outlet, support frame, metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks, tank inlet, and three-way connectors. The specific structure is as follows:

[0019] The metal hydride storage tanks are arranged in five layers, with three tanks evenly distributed on a support frame. Each metal hydride storage tank is equipped with a water outlet and a water inlet. A tank valve is installed on one end of the pipeline of each metal hydride storage tank. The pipelines of the three metal hydride storage tanks in each layer are connected to the three ports of a four-way connector. The fourth port of the four-way connector is connected to the first port of a three-way connector through a gas pipeline. The second port of the upper three-way connector is interconnected with the second and third ports of other three-way connectors. The third port of the upper three-way connector is connected to the gas valve.

[0020] The fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system, which can cope with low-temperature conditions, is also equipped with a hydrogen leakage sensor, which is arranged at the top of the fuel cell backup power supply housing.

[0021] The aforementioned fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system, which can cope with low-temperature conditions, is divided into two processes when in use: storing electrical energy and supplying power at low temperatures.

[0022] The process of storing electrical energy is as follows:

[0023] With normal external power supply, the control system issues a command, and the electrolytic hydrogen production unit receives the command and begins operation, electrolyzing the water in the pure water tank to produce hydrogen. The circulating water pump starts, and the first and second solid hydrogen storage tanks begin to absorb hydrogen and dissipate heat, opening the fifth shut-off valve. Hydrogen is then introduced into the primary adsorption tank, the first solid hydrogen storage tank, and the second solid hydrogen storage tank. When the second pressure sensor monitors the gas pressure in real time and it reaches the specified value, the circulating water heater starts to heat the circulating water, raising the temperature of the primary adsorption tank. At this time, the hydrogen storage alloy inside the primary adsorption tank begins to release hydrogen upon heating. As the gas pressure increases, when the second pressure sensor reading reaches the specified pressure, the second shut-off valve opens, allowing hydrogen to be pressurized and introduced into the high-pressure solid hydrogen storage device and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank. Simultaneously, the circulating water pump starts working, circulating the water in the tank, and cooling the first and second solid hydrogen storage tanks. When the readings of the first, second, third, and fourth pressure sensors reach the specified values, the energy storage process is complete, the electrolysis hydrogen production device stops working, all shut-off valves close, and the circulating hot water machine and circulating water pump shut down.

[0024] The low-temperature power supply process is as follows:

[0025] When external power is cut off and the ambient temperature is low or below zero degrees Celsius, the control system receives a command and issues an instruction to open the third shut-off valve. High-pressure hydrogen gas inside the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank enters the fuel cell through the first pressure reducing valve. At this time, the fuel cell begins to provide electrical and thermal energy. The circulating water pump starts to circulate and transfer the liquid heated by the fuel cell. When the second temperature sensor reaches a specified value, the first and second solid-state hydrogen storage tanks start to start, and the internal hydrogen storage alloy releases hydrogen gas. When the third pressure sensor reaches a specified value, the fourth shut-off valve opens, and high-pressure hydrogen gas is continuously delivered to the fuel cell through the second pressure reducing valve. At this time, the fuel cell achieves the low-temperature power supply process.

[0026] The advantages and beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0027] 1. This invention employs a method of setting up a primary adsorption tank to absorb hydrogen followed by heating and pressurization, storing the hydrogen produced by electrolysis in a high-pressure form in a high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage device and a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank. In low-temperature conditions, the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank first supplies hydrogen to the fuel cell, and the heat generated by the fuel cell is transferred to the solid-state hydrogen storage tank to heat the solid-state hydrogen storage device, thus avoiding the problem of the solid-state hydrogen storage device being unable to supply hydrogen at low temperatures.

[0028] 2. This invention utilizes heating of solid hydrogen storage alloy to pressurize hydrogen, eliminating the need for a high-pressure compressor, improving system safety, and avoiding the problems of frequent compressor maintenance and parts replacement.

[0029] 3. This invention utilizes a solid-state hydrogen storage device to store most of the hydrogen, replacing conventional high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks. This eliminates the need for high-pressure compressors and pressurization processes, saving system costs, reducing system energy consumption, significantly lowering system operating pressure, and improving system safety.

[0030] 4. The present invention is equipped with a nickel-metal hydride battery pack, which is connected in parallel with the fuel cell power supply system. This solves the problem that the fuel cell cannot immediately provide high-power power to the user in the event of a power failure. At the same time, the battery pack also provides power to valves, instruments and circulating water pumps that require power during the startup of the backup power supply.

[0031] 5. This invention is equipped with a pressure gauge, a safety relief valve, and a hydrogen leakage monitoring device, which facilitates real-time monitoring of the pressure inside the alloy hydrogen storage tank while preventing hydrogen overpressure events. It also monitors hydrogen leaks, thereby improving the safety of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system that can cope with low-temperature conditions, according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the diagram, 1 is the external power supply, 2 is the electrolytic hydrogen production device, 3 is the pure water tank, 4 is the first pressure relief valve, 5 is the first check valve, 6 is the second pressure relief valve, 7 is the second check valve, 8 is the first-stage adsorption tank, 9 is the third pressure relief valve, 10 is the first shut-off valve, 11 is the first pressure sensor, 12 is the third check valve, 13 is the second pressure sensor, 14 is the second shut-off valve, 15 is the first temperature sensor, 16 is the circulating hot water machine, 17 is the first water tank, 18 is the third shut-off valve, 19 is the first pressure reducing valve, 20 is the fuel cell, 21 is the second water tank, 22 is the circulating water pump, 23 is the second temperature sensor, 24 is the second pressure reducing valve, 25 is the fourth shut-off valve, 26 is the third pressure sensor, 27 is the nickel-metal hydride battery pack, 28 is the first solid hydrogen storage tank, 29 is the fourth pressure relief valve, 30 is the fifth shut-off valve, 31 is the user, 32 is the hydrogen leak sensor, 33 is the fourth pressure sensor, 34 is the enclosure, 35 is the second solid hydrogen storage tank, 36 is the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, and 37 is the high-pressure solid hydrogen storage device.

[0033] Figure 2This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a metal hydride hydrogen storage tank in a fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system capable of coping with low-temperature conditions, according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 38 represents the metal hydride hydrogen storage tank, 38-1 the gas valve, 38-2 the hot water exchange circuit or circulating water jacket, 38-3 the water outlet, 38-4 the filter element, 38-5 the porous stainless steel guide pipe, 38-6 the hydrogen storage module, 38-7 the heat transfer fins, 38-8 the tank body, and 38-9 the water inlet.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of two or more metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks in a fuel cell backup power supply system based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system capable of coping with low-temperature conditions, according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the diagram, 39 represents a cluster of metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks, 39-1 a gas valve, 39-2 a gas pipeline, 39-3 a four-way connector, 39-4 a tank valve, 39-5 a water outlet for the tank, 39-6 a support frame, 39-7 a metal hydride hydrogen storage tank, 39-8 a water inlet for the tank, and 39-9 a three-way connector.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the storage of electrical energy in a fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system, which can cope with low-temperature conditions, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a low-temperature power supply in a fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system, which can cope with low-temperature conditions, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the gas supply end of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit 2 is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet end of the fifth shut-off valve 30 via a gas pipeline, and the third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet end of the second one-way valve 7 via a gas pipeline. The output end of the fifth shut-off valve 30 is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet end of the second solid hydrogen storage tank 35 via a gas pipeline, and the third port of the three-way connector is connected to the first port of another three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the other three-way connector is connected to the fourth pressure relief valve 29 via a gas pipeline. The output end of the fourth pressure relief valve 29 is directly connected to the atmosphere, and the third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet end of the first solid hydrogen storage tank 28 via a gas pipeline.

[0039] The output of the first solid hydrogen storage tank 28 is connected to the first port of a tee connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the tee connector is connected to the third pressure sensor 26 via a clamp or VCR. The third port of the tee connector is connected to the first port of another tee connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the other tee connector is connected to the output of the second solid hydrogen storage tank 35 via a gas pipeline. The third port of the tee connector is connected to the inlet of the fourth shut-off valve 25 via a gas pipeline. The output of the fourth shut-off valve 25 is connected to the inlet of the second pressure reducing valve 24 via a gas pipeline.

[0040] The output of the second one-way valve 7 is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the third pressure relief valve 9 via a gas pipeline. The output of the third pressure relief valve 9 faces the atmosphere and directly exhausts gas to the outside when the internal pressure of the primary adsorption tank 8 exceeds a specified value. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the primary adsorption tank 8 via a gas pipeline. The output of the primary adsorption tank 8 is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the second pressure sensor 13 via a compression fitting, VCR method, or welding method. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the second shut-off valve 14 via a gas pipeline. The output of the second shut-off valve 14 is connected to the inlet of the third one-way valve 12 via a gas pipeline. The output of the third one-way valve 12 is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the first pressure sensor 11 via a compression fitting, VCR method, or welding method. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure solid hydrogen storage device 37 via a gas pipeline. The output of the high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage device 37 is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to a second pressure relief valve 6 via a gas pipeline. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of a first one-way valve 5 via a gas pipeline. The output of the first one-way valve 5 is connected to the first port of another three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the other three-way connector is connected to the inlet of a first pressure relief valve 4 via a gas pipeline. The output of the first pressure relief valve 4 faces the atmosphere. When the internal pressure of the high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage device 37 exceeds a specified value, excess gas is directly discharged. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of a high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 36 via a gas pipeline. The output of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 36 is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to a fourth pressure sensor 33 via a gas pipeline. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of a third shut-off valve 18 via a gas pipeline. The output of the third shut-off valve 18 is connected to the inlet of the first pressure reducing valve 19 via a gas pipeline. The output of the first pressure reducing valve 19 is connected to the first port of a tee connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the tee connector is connected to the output of the second pressure reducing valve 24 via a gas pipeline. The third port of the tee connector is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell 20 via a gas pipeline. The gas pipeline is made of 316 stainless steel.

[0041] The inlet of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit 2 is connected to the outlet of the pure water tank 3 via a water pipe. The primary adsorption tank 8 has a jacketed structure, with a heat exchange circuit arranged in the middle jacket. The inlet of the heat exchange circuit is connected to the water supply end of the first shut-off valve 10 via a water pipe. The inlet of the first shut-off valve 10 is connected to the first port of a tee connector via a water pipe. The second port of the tee connector is connected to the first temperature sensor 15 with a matching threaded connector via a threaded connection. The third port of the tee connector is connected to the outlet of the circulating water heater 16 via a water pipe. The inlet of the circulating water heater 16 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange circuit via a water pipe. The water inlet of the circulating water heater 16 is connected to the first water tank 17 via a water pipe.

[0042] The first solid-state hydrogen storage tank 28 and the second solid-state hydrogen storage tank 35 have a sandwich structure, with a heat exchange circuit arranged in the middle. The outlet of the heat exchange circuit in the sandwich of the first solid-state hydrogen storage tank 28 is connected to the inlet of the second solid-state hydrogen storage tank 35 via a water pipe. The outlet of the second solid-state hydrogen storage tank 35 is connected to the first port of a tee connector via a water pipe. The second port of the tee connector is connected to the second temperature sensor 23. The third port of the tee connector is connected to the inlet of the second water tank 21 via a water pipe. The outlet of the second water tank 21 is connected to the heat exchange inlet of the fuel cell 20 via a water pipe. The heat exchange outlet of the fuel cell 20 is connected to the inlet of the circulating water pump 22 via a water pipe. The outlet of the circulating water pump 22 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange circuit in the sandwich of the first solid-state hydrogen storage tank 28 via a water pipe. The water pipes can be stainless steel pipes, copper pipes, or PVC pipes, and the outer layer of the water pipes is covered with an insulation pipe, which can be a high-density rubber-plastic insulation pipe or an insulation sponge strip.

[0043] The electrolytic hydrogen production unit 2, the circulating water heater 16, and the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 27 are powered by an external power source 1. The fuel cell 20 and the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 27 can be connected to the user 31 via a power supply line. The external power source 1 can be AC ​​mains power or clean energy. The nickel-metal hydride battery pack 27 can power the circulating water pump 22, and the user 31 can be powered by either the nickel-metal hydride battery pack 27 or the fuel cell 20. The circulating water pump 22 can be a self-priming pump, a gear pump, or a diaphragm pump.

[0044] The water electrolysis hydrogen production device 2 can be an alkaline electrolysis system or a PEM pure water electrolysis hydrogen production system. It uses an external power source 1 to electrolyze the pure water supplied from the pure water tank 3 into hydrogen gas. The hydrogen outlet pressure range is 1.6MPa to 3.2MPa.

[0045] A set of first solid hydrogen storage tank 28 and second solid hydrogen storage tank 35 can be composed of one or more metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks. Each metal hydride hydrogen storage tank consists of a tank body, heat transfer fins, a gas valve, a porous stainless steel guide pipe, a filter element, a hydrogen storage module, and a circulating water jacket. Except for the circulating water jacket, the structural principles of the other components can be found in Chinese Patent Application No. CN202310190309.0, entitled "A Weldless Metal Hydride Hydrogen Storage Device and Its Manufacturing Method." The inner diameter is 40–60 mm, and the length is 300–1500 mm. The tank body material can be stainless steel or aluminum alloy, etc., and the gas valve is located outside the tank body. All hydrogen storage modules are filled inside the tank, and each hydrogen storage module includes an alloy and expanded graphite block. The alloy and expanded graphite block are tightly bonded to the adjacent internal heat transfer fins through a heat transfer powder layer. Any two adjacent hydrogen storage modules are tightly bonded together, and a porous stainless steel guide tube runs through the hydrogen storage module. The outer edge of the alloy and expanded graphite block is gap-fitted with the tube body to allow space for the hydrogen storage alloy to absorb hydrogen and expand. The filled hydrogen storage material can be rare earth material, titanium-based material, etc. The saturated hydrogen absorption pressure at 30°C should be 1.6MPa to 3.2MPa lower than the hydrogen outlet pressure of the electrolysis device.

[0046] A single-stage adsorption tank 8 can be composed of one or more metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks for hydrogen pressurization. Each metal hydride hydrogen storage tank for hydrogen pressurization can be composed of a tank body, heat transfer fins, gas valves, porous stainless steel guide pipes, filter elements, hydrogen storage modules, and hot water exchange circuits. Except for the hot water exchange circuits, the structural principles of other components can be found in Chinese Patent Application No. CN202310190309.0, Patent Title: A Weld-Free Metal Hydride Hydrogen Storage Device and Its Manufacturing Method. The tank material can be stainless steel or aluminum alloy, etc. The hydrogen storage modules are all filled in the tank, and each hydrogen storage module includes an alloy and expanded graphite block. The alloy and expanded graphite block and the adjacent internal heat transfer fins are tightly bonded by a heat transfer powder layer. Any two adjacent hydrogen storage modules are tightly bonded. A porous stainless steel guide tube runs through the hydrogen storage module. The outer edge of the alloy and expanded graphite block is gap-fitted with the tube to leave room for the hydrogen storage alloy to absorb hydrogen and expand. The filled hydrogen storage material can be rare earth material, titanium-based material, etc. The saturated hydrogen absorption pressure at 30°C should be 1.6MPa to 3.2MPa lower than the hydrogen outlet pressure of the electrolysis device, and the hydrogen release pressure at 80°C should be higher than 10MPa.

[0047] A high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage device 37 is provided. This device can consist of one or more metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks for hydrogen pressurization. Each metal hydride hydrogen storage tank consists of a tank body, heat transfer fins, a gas valve, a porous stainless steel guide pipe, a filter element, and a hydrogen storage module. Its structural principle can be found in Chinese Patent: A Weld-Free Metal Hydride Hydrogen Storage Device and Its Manufacturing Method, application number CN202310190309.0. The tank body material can be stainless steel or aluminum alloy, etc., and the gas valve is located outside the tank body. All hydrogen storage modules are filled inside the tank, and each hydrogen storage module includes an alloy and expanded graphite block. The alloy and expanded graphite block are tightly bonded to the adjacent internal heat transfer fins through a heat transfer powder layer. Any two adjacent hydrogen storage modules are tightly bonded together, and a porous stainless steel guide tube runs through the hydrogen storage module. The outer edge of the alloy and expanded graphite block is gap-fitted with the tube body to allow space for the hydrogen storage alloy to absorb hydrogen and expand. The filled hydrogen storage material can be rare earth material, titanium-based material, etc. The hydrogen release pressure at -30°C should be higher than 1 MPa, and the saturated hydrogen absorption pressure at 30°C should be lower than 10 MPa.

[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, the structure of the metal hydride hydrogen storage tank 38 can be composed of a gas valve 38-1, a hot water exchange circuit or circulating water jacket 38-2, a water outlet 38-3, a filter element 38-4, a porous stainless steel guide pipe 38-5, a hydrogen storage module 38-6, heat transfer fins 38-7, a tank body 38-8, and a water inlet 38-9. The specific structure is as follows: the gas valve 38-1 is located outside the tank body 38-8; the filter element 38-4 is located at one end of the inner cavity of the tank body 38-8; one end of the gas valve 38-1 is screwed to one end of the tank body 38-8 through a pipe; one end of the pipe extends into the inner cavity of the tank body 38-8 and is fixedly connected to one end of the filter element 38-4; the porous stainless steel guide pipe 38-5 is placed at the central axis inside the tank body 38-8; the other end of the filter element 38-4 is inserted into the porous stainless steel guide pipe 38-5; the filter element 38-4 and the porous stainless steel guide pipe 38-5... -5 Coaxial; The hydrogen storage module 38-6 is filled inside the tank 38-8. A porous stainless steel guide pipe 38-5 passes through the hydrogen storage module. The hydrogen storage module 38-6 is provided with two or more heat transfer fins 38-7. The heat transfer fins 38-7 are arranged parallel to each other on the inner side wall of the tank 38-8. A through hole is opened in the center of each heat transfer fin 38-7. The porous stainless steel guide pipe 38-5 passes through the heat transfer fin 38-7 through the through hole. The tank 38-8 is provided with a hot water exchange circuit or a circulating water jacket 38-2. The hot water exchange circuit or the circulating water jacket 38-2 is provided with an outlet end 38-3 and an inlet end 38-9 respectively. The water flow direction of the hot water exchange circuit or the circulating water jacket 38-2 is that water enters from the bottom of the tank 38-8 and exits from the top of the tank 38-8, which can make the inside of the tank 38-8 fully heat exchanged, so that the hydrogen storage module 38-6 can absorb and release hydrogen in a relatively ideal environment.

[0049] like Figure 3 As shown, a metal hydride storage tank cluster 39 consists of two or more layers, with each layer containing two or more metal hydride storage tanks. The structure of the metal hydride storage tank cluster 39 can be composed of gas valves 39-1, gas pipelines 39-2, four-way connectors 39-3, tank valves 39-4, tank water outlets 39-5, support frames 39-6, metal hydride storage tanks 39-7, tank water inlets 39-8, and three-way connectors 39-9, etc. The specific structure is as follows:

[0050] The metal hydride storage tanks 39-7 consist of five layers, with three tanks evenly arranged on each layer, mounted on a support frame 39-6. Each metal hydride storage tank 39-7 has a water outlet 39-5 and a water inlet 39-8. A tank valve 39-4 is installed on one end of the pipeline of each metal hydride storage tank 39-7. The pipelines of the three metal hydride storage tanks 39-7 in each layer are connected to the three ports of a four-way connector 39-3. The fourth port of the four-way connector 39-3 is connected to the first port of a three-way connector 39-9 via a gas pipeline 39-2. The second port of the upper three-way connector 39-9 is interconnected with the second and third ports of the other three-way connectors 39-9. The third port of the upper three-way connector 39-9 is connected to a gas valve 39-1. The structure of the metal hydride storage tanks 39-7 can be found in [reference needed]. Figure 2 This structure can improve the space utilization of the tank and facilitate the inlet and outlet of water and the transport of gas.

[0051] A fuel cell 20, the hydrogen fuel cell can start at low temperature, the fuel cell is cooled by water circulation or by air cooling, and a heat exchanger is used to convert air cooling to water cooling.

[0052] A set of high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 36 is used for the buffering of hydrogen gas. It can withstand pressures higher than 15MPa and its tank body is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy, etc.

[0053] A nickel-metal hydride battery pack 27 is used to store electricity. During the startup of the backup power system, when the fuel cell cannot provide a stable power supply, it serves as a backup power source to power the user. Simultaneously, it acts as a power source to supply power to the relevant electrical equipment of the backup power system during startup.

[0054] A set of circulating hot water heater 16 can heat the circulating solution to 90℃ and ensure smooth water delivery through its own pump.

[0055] The circulating water pump 22 and the second water tank 21 can supply the waste heat from the fuel cell to the solid hydrogen storage device through solution circulation.

[0056] The hydrogen leak sensor 32 is located on top of the system or device housing 34 to monitor hydrogen leaks in the system.

[0057] The first water tank 17 and the second water tank 21 contain antifreeze, which has properties such as high boiling point, low freezing point, and corrosion resistance.

[0058] This invention provides a fuel cell backup power source based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system that can cope with low-temperature conditions. Its working process is divided into two processes: storing electrical energy and supplying power at low temperatures.

[0059] like Figure 4 As shown, the process of storing electrical energy includes the following steps:

[0060] With normal external power supply, the control system issues a command, and the electrolytic hydrogen production device 2 starts working after receiving the command. It electrolyzes the water in the pure water tank 3 to produce hydrogen. The circulating water pump 22 starts, and the first solid hydrogen storage tank 28 and the second solid hydrogen storage tank 35 begin to absorb hydrogen and dissipate heat. The fifth shut-off valve 30 is opened, and hydrogen is charged into the first-stage adsorption tank 8, the first solid hydrogen storage tank 28, and the second solid hydrogen storage tank 35. When the second pressure sensor 13 monitors the gas pressure value in real time and finds it to be low, the circulating water heater 16 starts to heat the circulating water and raises the temperature of the first-stage adsorption tank 8. At this time, the hydrogen storage alloy inside the first-stage adsorption tank 8 begins to release hydrogen after being heated, and the gas pressure inside the first-stage adsorption tank 8 increases. When the value of the second pressure sensor 13 rises to the specified pressure, the second shut-off valve 14 is opened, and the hydrogen is pressurized and then introduced into the high-pressure solid hydrogen storage device 37 and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 36. At the same time, the circulating water pump 22 starts to work, circulating the water in the water tank. The first solid hydrogen storage tank 28 and the second solid hydrogen storage tank 35 are cooled down. When the values ​​of the first pressure sensor 11, the second pressure sensor 13, the third pressure sensor 26, and the fourth pressure sensor 33 reach the specified values, the energy storage process is completed, the energy electrolysis hydrogen production device 2 stops working, all shut-off valves are closed, and the circulating hot water machine 16 and the circulating water pump 22 are shut down.

[0061] like Figure 5 As shown, the cryogenic power supply process includes the following steps:

[0062] When external power is cut off and the ambient temperature is low or below zero degrees Celsius, the control system receives a command and issues a command to open the third shut-off valve 18. High-pressure hydrogen gas inside the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank 36 enters the fuel cell 20 through the first pressure reducing valve 19. At this time, the fuel cell 20 begins to provide electrical and thermal energy. The circulating water pump 22 starts to circulate and transfer the liquid heated by the fuel cell 20. When the second temperature sensor 23 reaches the specified value, the first solid hydrogen storage tank 28 and the second solid hydrogen storage tank 35 start to start, and the internal hydrogen storage alloy releases hydrogen gas. When the third pressure sensor 26 reaches the specified value, the fourth shut-off valve 25 opens, and high-pressure hydrogen gas is continuously delivered to the fuel cell 20 through the second pressure reducing valve 24. At this time, the fuel cell realizes the low-temperature power supply process.

[0063] The results demonstrate that this invention can continuously supply hydrogen to fuel cells using solid-state hydrogen storage in low-temperature environments, thereby providing a continuous power supply to electricity-consuming units. The invention's solution is reasonable and its structure is simple, utilizing the advantages of hydrogen storage alloys and fuel cells to store or output electrical energy. Furthermore, this invention can rationally utilize electrical resources, reduce grid load fluctuations, avoid energy waste, and achieve economical grid operation.

Claims

1. A fuel cell backup power source based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system capable of withstanding low-temperature conditions, characterized in that, The gas supply end of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of a fifth shut-off valve via a gas pipeline. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of a second one-way valve via a gas pipeline. The output end of the fifth shut-off valve is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of a second solid hydrogen storage tank via a gas pipeline. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the first port of another three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the other three-way connector is connected to a fourth pressure relief valve via a gas pipeline. The output end of the fourth pressure relief valve is directly connected to the atmosphere. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of a first solid hydrogen storage tank via a gas pipeline. The output of the first solid hydrogen storage tank is connected to the first port of a tee connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the tee connector is connected to a third pressure sensor. The third port of the tee connector is connected to the first port of another tee connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the other tee connector is connected to the output of the second solid hydrogen storage tank via a gas pipeline. The third port of the tee connector is connected to the inlet of a fourth shut-off valve via a gas pipeline. The output of the fourth shut-off valve is connected to the inlet of a second pressure reducing valve via a gas pipeline. The output of the second one-way valve is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the third pressure relief valve via a gas pipeline. The output of the third pressure relief valve faces the atmosphere and directly exhausts gas to the outside when the internal pressure of the primary adsorption tank exceeds a specified value. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the primary adsorption tank via a gas pipeline. The output of the primary adsorption tank is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the second pressure sensor. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the second shut-off valve via a gas pipeline. The output of the second shut-off valve is connected to the inlet of the third one-way valve via a gas pipeline. The output of the third one-way valve is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the first pressure sensor. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage device via a gas pipeline. The output of the high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage device is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the second pressure relief valve via a gas pipeline. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the first one-way valve via a gas pipeline. The output of the first one-way valve is connected to the first port of another three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the other three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the first pressure relief valve via a gas pipeline. The output of the first pressure relief valve faces the atmosphere. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank via a gas pipeline. The output of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the fourth pressure sensor via a gas pipeline. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the third shut-off valve via a gas pipeline. The output of the third shut-off valve is connected to the inlet of the first pressure reducing valve via a gas pipeline. The output of the first pressure reducing valve is connected to the first port of a three-way connector via a gas pipeline. The second port of the three-way connector is connected to the output of the second pressure reducing valve via a gas pipeline. The third port of the three-way connector is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell via a gas pipeline. The inlet of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit is connected to the outlet of the pure water tank via a water pipe; the primary adsorption tank has a jacketed structure, with a heat exchange circuit arranged in the middle jacket. The inlet of the heat exchange circuit is connected to the water supply end of the first shut-off valve via a water pipe. The inlet of the first shut-off valve is connected to the first port of a tee connector via a water pipe. The second port of the tee connector is connected to a first temperature sensor with a matching threaded connector via a threaded connection. The third port of the tee connector is connected to the outlet of the circulating water heater via a water pipe. The inlet of the circulating water heater is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange circuit via a water pipe. The water inlet of the circulating water heater is connected to the first water tank via a water pipe. The first and second solid-state hydrogen storage tanks are sandwiched structures, with a heat exchange circuit arranged in the middle sandwich. The outlet of the heat exchange circuit in the first solid-state hydrogen storage tank is connected to the inlet of the second solid-state hydrogen storage tank via a water pipe. The outlet of the second solid-state hydrogen storage tank is connected to the first port of a tee connector via a water pipe. The second port of the tee connector is connected to a second temperature sensor. The third port of the tee connector is connected to the inlet of a second water tank via a water pipe. The outlet of the second water tank is connected to the heat exchange inlet of the fuel cell via a water pipe. The heat exchange outlet of the fuel cell is connected to the inlet of a circulating water pump via a water pipe. The outlet of the circulating water pump is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange circuit in the first solid-state hydrogen storage tank via a water pipe. The electrolytic hydrogen production unit, circulating hot water machine, and nickel-metal hydride battery pack are powered by an external power source. The fuel cell and nickel-metal hydride battery pack are connected to the user through a power supply line. The external power source is mains power or clean energy. The nickel-metal hydride battery pack powers the circulating water pump. The user is powered by the nickel-metal hydride battery pack or fuel cell. The circulating water pump is a self-priming pump, gear pump, or diaphragm pump.

2. The fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system capable of coping with low-temperature conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first and second solid-state hydrogen storage tanks each consist of one or more metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks; the primary adsorption tank consists of one or more metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks for hydrogen pressurization; and the high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage device consists of one or more metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks for hydrogen pressurization. Wherein: The metal hydride hydrogen storage tank consists of a gas valve, a heat exchanger or circulating water jacket, an outlet, a filter element, a porous stainless steel guide pipe, a hydrogen storage module, heat transfer fins, a tank body, and a water inlet. The specific structure is as follows: The gas valve is located outside the tank body; the filter element is located at one end of the tank body's inner cavity; one end of the gas valve is screwed to one end of the tank body via a pipe, one end of which extends into the inner cavity of the tank body and is fixedly connected to one end of the filter element; the porous stainless steel guide pipe is positioned at the central axis inside the tank body; the other end of the filter element is inserted into the porous stainless steel guide pipe, and the filter element and the porous stainless steel guide pipe are coaxial; the hydrogen storage module is filled inside the tank body, and the porous stainless steel guide pipe passes through the hydrogen storage module. The hydrogen storage module has two or more heat transfer fins arranged parallel to each other on the inner side wall of the tank body. Each heat transfer fin has a through hole in its center, through which the porous stainless steel guide pipe passes.

3. The fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system capable of coping with low-temperature conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tank body is equipped with a hot water exchange circuit or a circulating water jacket. The hot water exchange circuit or circulating water jacket is equipped with an outlet and an inlet. The water flow direction of the hot water exchange circuit or circulating water jacket is that water enters from the bottom of the tank body and exits from the top of the tank body.

4. The fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system capable of coping with low-temperature conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that, In the metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks of the first and second solid-state hydrogen storage tanks, the hydrogen storage modules are filled with rare earth materials or titanium-based materials, and the saturated hydrogen absorption pressure at 30°C is 1.6 MPa to 3.2 MPa lower than the hydrogen outlet pressure of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit. In the metal hydride hydrogen storage tank for hydrogen pressurization in the first-stage adsorption tank, the hydrogen storage modules are filled with rare earth materials or titanium-based materials, and the saturated hydrogen absorption pressure at 30°C is 1.6 MPa to 3.2 MPa lower than the hydrogen outlet pressure of the electrolytic hydrogen production unit, while the hydrogen release pressure at 80°C is higher than 10 MPa. In the high-pressure solid-state hydrogen storage device, the hydrogen storage modules are filled with rare earth materials or titanium-based materials, and the hydrogen release pressure at -30°C is higher than 1 MPa, while the saturated hydrogen absorption pressure at 30°C is lower than 10 MPa.

5. The fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system capable of coping with low-temperature conditions according to claim 2, characterized in that, A cluster of metal hydride storage tanks consists of two or more layers, with each layer containing two or more metal hydride storage tanks.

6. The fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system capable of coping with low-temperature conditions according to claim 5, characterized in that, The structure of the metal hydride hydrogen storage tank cluster consists of gas valves, gas pipelines, four-way connectors, tank valves, tank water outlet, support frame, metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks, tank water inlet, and tee connectors, as detailed below: The metal hydride storage tanks are arranged in five layers, with three tanks evenly distributed on a support frame. Each metal hydride storage tank is equipped with a water outlet and a water inlet. A tank valve is installed on one end of the pipeline of each metal hydride storage tank. The pipelines of the three metal hydride storage tanks in each layer are connected to the three ports of a four-way connector. The fourth port of the four-way connector is connected to the first port of a three-way connector through a gas pipeline. The second port of the upper three-way connector is interconnected with the second and third ports of other three-way connectors. The third port of the upper three-way connector is connected to the gas valve.

7. The fuel cell backup power supply based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system capable of coping with low-temperature conditions according to claim 1, characterized in that, It is also equipped with a hydrogen leak sensor, which is located at the top of the fuel cell backup power supply box.

8. A fuel cell backup power source based on a solid-state hydrogen storage system capable of coping with low-temperature conditions according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, When the fuel cell backup power is in use, it consists of two processes: storing electrical energy and supplying power at low temperatures. The process of storing electrical energy is as follows: With normal external power supply, the control system issues a command, and the electrolytic hydrogen production unit receives the command and begins operation, electrolyzing the water in the pure water tank to produce hydrogen. The circulating water pump starts, and the first and second solid hydrogen storage tanks begin to absorb hydrogen and dissipate heat, opening the fifth shut-off valve. Hydrogen is then introduced into the primary adsorption tank, the first solid hydrogen storage tank, and the second solid hydrogen storage tank. When the second pressure sensor monitors the gas pressure in real time and it reaches the specified value, the circulating water heater starts to heat the circulating water, raising the temperature of the primary adsorption tank. At this time, the hydrogen storage alloy inside the primary adsorption tank begins to release hydrogen upon heating. As the gas pressure increases, when the second pressure sensor reading reaches the specified pressure, the second shut-off valve opens, allowing hydrogen to be pressurized and introduced into the high-pressure solid hydrogen storage device and the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank. Simultaneously, the circulating water pump starts working, circulating the water in the tank, and cooling the first and second solid hydrogen storage tanks. When the readings of the first, second, third, and fourth pressure sensors reach the specified values, the energy storage process is complete, the electrolysis hydrogen production device stops working, all shut-off valves close, and the circulating hot water machine and circulating water pump shut down. The low-temperature power supply process is as follows: When external power is cut off and the ambient temperature is low or below zero degrees Celsius, the control system receives a command and issues an instruction to open the third shut-off valve. High-pressure hydrogen gas inside the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank enters the fuel cell through the first pressure reducing valve. At this time, the fuel cell begins to provide electrical and thermal energy. The circulating water pump starts to circulate and transfer the liquid heated by the fuel cell. When the second temperature sensor reaches a specified value, the first and second solid-state hydrogen storage tanks start to start, and the internal hydrogen storage alloy releases hydrogen gas. When the third pressure sensor reaches a specified value, the fourth shut-off valve opens, and high-pressure hydrogen gas is continuously delivered to the fuel cell through the second pressure reducing valve. At this time, the fuel cell achieves the low-temperature power supply process.

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