A multi-bit control method for holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-bit control method for a holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement, comprising: S1, dividing all units in the holographic beamforming array into multiple groups; S2, changing the phase of one group of units, scanning and obtaining feedback data from a terminal device; traversing 2 K Step S3: Repeat step S2 until the optimal phase for each group of units is determined. Step S4: Compare the feedback data corresponding to the optimal phase for each group of units and fix the phases of the units in the groups corresponding to the smallest feedback data. The remaining units are then re-divided into multiple groups, where the number of units in each group is smaller than that in the previous group. Step S5: Execute step S2 for the currently divided groups until the feedback data from the terminal device meets the requirements. This invention reduces the algorithm's time complexity and improves control flexibility through gradual iteration of array scale refinement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of wireless communication technology, and more specifically, relates to a multi-bit control method of a holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement. Background Art

[0002] As mobile users' demand for data continues to grow, mobile networks are experiencing rapid breakthroughs. Compared to fourth-generation mobile communication technology (4G), fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G) uses higher-frequency electromagnetic waves to transmit information. As the frequency of electromagnetic waves increases, their penetration weakens, and diffraction and scattering become less pronounced. This leads to difficulties in network coverage. One approach to addressing this issue is to utilize dynamically adjustable, highly directional beams to increase received signal strength. Currently, several technologies exist that enable real-time control of electromagnetic waves, such as mechanically rotating directional radiating antennas like horn antennas and array antennas, or electronically scanning active phased array antennas. This involves connecting controllable active devices to each element of a phased array antenna to control the emission phase of each element to achieve electronically controlled scanning and control of electromagnetic waves. However, the former suffers from slow scanning speeds and requires regular mechanical maintenance, while the latter presents complex systems, high costs, and difficult maintenance.

[0003] Holographic beamforming MIMO (HBF) antenna arrays (Holographic MIMO Surfaces / Holographic Antenna System) are a new hardware paradigm that integrates the fields of metamaterials and communications. Their primary component is artificial electromagnetic metamaterials. These antenna elements modify the phase and amplitude of RF signals. By working together, these elements achieve precise beam pointing, enhancing user received signal power and suppressing inter-user interference, thereby improving transmission rates and spectral efficiency. This technology is expected to significantly alleviate technical pain points such as high wireless network costs and energy consumption in the post-5G era.

[0004] The problem considered in the present invention is to maximize the received signal power at the terminal under the condition of limited transmission power. The gain of the N-unit array can be expressed as:

[0005]

[0006] Among them, A i (θ,φ) represents the unit radiation pattern, represents the position vector of the i-th unit, Represents the unit vector pointing to (θ, φ); β = 2πλ, where λ is the wavelength. Indicates the direction of the generated beam Phase excitation, is the amplitude excitation. In order to maximize the received power, the problem can be stated as:

[0007]

[0008] in, P t represents the transmission power, and PL represents the path loss.

[0009] However, in practical applications, solving the above problems faces many difficulties:

[0010] 1. Rapidly changing wireless channels: Due to multipath and mobility at the user end, wireless channel conditions change rapidly and follow various random patterns for different users. Therefore, when using a single user as a reference source, a stable channel condition cannot be guaranteed, and the antenna system itself becomes unreliable.

[0011] 2. Limited feedback: When measurements are done at the terminal, beam quality feedback is limited in both quantity and accuracy by the limited control channel overhead. Therefore, performing extensive channel measurements or accurate information exchange becomes impossible.

[0012] 3. High complexity: In most existing studies, beamforming algorithms are implemented based on wireless channel information (CSI), and their complexity is at least O(N 2 ) or higher. This method has high computational complexity, and the equipment and power consumption costs are unaffordable for operators. The real-time performance of the algorithm cannot meet the application requirements of high-speed mobile scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0013] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology and the need for improvement, the present invention provides a multi-bit control method for a holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement, aiming to reduce the time complexity of the algorithm and improve the flexibility of control.

[0014] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a multi-bit control method for a holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement, wherein the holographic beamforming array is K-bit controlled, where K ≥ 2, and the control method comprises:

[0015] S1, divide all elements in the holographic beamforming array into multiple groups;

[0016] S2, change the phase of one group of units, scan and obtain feedback data from the terminal device; traverse 2 K A phase, adjusting the phase of one of the groups of units to an optimal phase corresponding to a maximum feedback data; wherein the feedback data is a received signal strength of a terminal device;

[0017] S3, repeat S2 until the optimal phase of each group of units is determined;

[0018] S4, comparing the feedback data corresponding to the optimal phases of the units in each group, fixing the phases of the units in the groups corresponding to the smallest feedback data; and then re-dividing the remaining units into multiple groups, wherein the number of units included in each group in the current group is smaller than that in the previous group;

[0019] S5, executing S2 for the currently divided group until the feedback data of the terminal device meets the requirements.

[0020] Furthermore, the control method further comprises:

[0021] S6, regroup the units whose phases are fixed for the first time in S4 so that the number of units in each group is smaller than before; change the phase of one group of units, scan and obtain feedback data from the terminal device; traverse 2 K A phase is selected, and the phase of one of the groups of units is adjusted to an optimal phase corresponding to a maximum feedback data.

[0022] Furthermore, indicators of received signal strength include CQI, SNR, SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, and RSSI.

[0023] Furthermore, in S1, all units in the holographic beamforming array are evenly divided into multiple groups according to rows, columns, or blocks.

[0024] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a multi-bit control device for a holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement, wherein the holographic beamforming array is K-bit controlled, where K ≥ 2, and the control device comprises:

[0025] A first division module is used to divide all units in the holographic beamforming array into multiple groups;

[0026] The optimal phase determination module is used to change the phase of one group of units, scan and obtain feedback data from the terminal device; traverse 2 K A phase, adjusting the phase of one of the groups of units to an optimal phase corresponding to a maximum feedback data; wherein the feedback data is a received signal strength of a terminal device;

[0027] a first repetition module, configured to repeatedly execute the operation of the optimal phase determination module until the optimal phase of each group of units is determined;

[0028] The second division module is used to compare the feedback data corresponding to the optimal phase of each group of units, fix the phases of the units corresponding to the groups with the smallest feedback data, and then re-divide the remaining units into multiple groups, where the number of units included in each group in the current group is smaller than that in the previous group;

[0029] The second repetition module is used to sequentially execute the operations of the optimal phase determination module, the first repetition module, and the second division module on the currently divided group until the feedback data of the terminal device meets the requirements.

[0030] Furthermore, the control device further includes:

[0031] The third division module is used to regroup the units whose phases are fixed for the first time in the operation of the second division module so that the number of units in each group is reduced compared with the previous one; change the phase of one group of units, scan and obtain feedback data from the terminal device; traverse 2 K A phase is selected, and the phase of one of the groups of units is adjusted to an optimal phase corresponding to a maximum feedback data.

[0032] Furthermore, indicators of received signal strength include CQI, SNR, SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, and RSSI.

[0033] Furthermore, the first division module is specifically configured to evenly divide all units in the holographic beamforming array into multiple groups according to rows, columns, or blocks.

[0034] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising:

[0035] processor; and

[0036] a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor;

[0037] The processor is configured to execute the multi-bit control method of the holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement described in the first aspect by executing the executable instructions.

[0038] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions. When a processor executes the computer-executable instructions, the multi-bit control method of the holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement as described in the first aspect is implemented.

[0039] In general, the above technical solutions proposed by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0040] This method uses a scale refinement approach, roughly solving for less influential components and gradually refining the solutions for more influential components. This approach determines the optimal phase shift for the holographic array, thereby gradually improving the signal strength at the receiving end (indicators of received signal strength include CQI, SNR, SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, and RSSI). Finally, the number of iterations is determined based on demand to determine the optimal phase distribution for beamforming within the holographic MIMO array. This method significantly reduces the algorithm's time complexity to O(N) through array scale refinement and gradual iteration, improving control flexibility and reducing quantization loss. This results in more precise beamforming and higher control accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] Figure 1 This is one of the flow charts of a multi-bit control method of a holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement provided by the present invention;

[0042] Figure 2 This is the second flow chart of a multi-bit control method of a holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement provided by the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a holographic beamforming array provided by the present invention;

[0044] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a holographic beamforming array control system provided by the present invention;

[0045] FIG5(a) and FIG5(b) are schematic diagrams of large-scale grouping and corresponding beamforming diagrams provided by the present invention, respectively;

[0046] FIG6(a) and FIG6(b) are schematic diagrams of the first fine-scale grouping and corresponding beamforming diagrams provided by the present invention, respectively;

[0047] FIG7( a ) and FIG7 ( b ) are schematic diagrams of the second fine-scale grouping and corresponding beamforming diagrams provided by the present invention, respectively;

[0048] FIG8( a ) and FIG8( b ) are schematic diagrams of the third fine-scale grouping and corresponding beamforming diagrams provided by the present invention, respectively;

[0049] FIG9( a ) and FIG9 ( b ) are schematic diagrams of the fourth fine-scale grouping and corresponding beamforming diagrams provided by the present invention, respectively;

[0050] FIG10( a ) and FIG10 ( b ) are schematic diagrams of the fifth fine-scale grouping and corresponding beamforming diagrams provided by the present invention, respectively. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0052] The present invention can be applied to wireless communication systems. It should be noted that the wireless communication systems mentioned in the embodiments of the present application include but are not limited to: Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) system, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Code Division Multiple Access 2000 (CDMA2000), Time Division-Synchronization Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE) and three major application scenarios of 5G mobile communication systems: Enhanced Mobile Broad Band (eMBB), Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) and Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC).

[0053] The terminal device of the present invention may be a wireless terminal. A wireless terminal may be a device that provides voice and / or other service data connectivity to a user, a handheld device with wireless connection capabilities, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem. A wireless terminal may communicate with one or more core networks via a radio access network (RAN). A wireless terminal may be a mobile terminal, such as a mobile phone (or "cellular" phone) and a computer with a mobile terminal. For example, a wireless terminal may be a portable, pocket-sized, handheld, computer-built-in, or vehicle-mounted mobile device that exchanges voice and / or data with a radio access network. Examples include personal communication service (PCS) phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and other devices. A wireless terminal may also be referred to as a system, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, an access terminal, a user terminal, a user agent, or a user device or user equipment, without limitation herein.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] See Figure 1 , combined with Figure 2 The present invention provides a multi-bit control method for a holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement, including operations S1 to S5.

[0056] In operation S1, all elements in the holographic beamforming array are divided into multiple groups.

[0057] In this embodiment, in addition to the grouping by rows and columns, more different grouping methods are supported, such as grouping by multiple columns, grouping by alternate rows, grouping by blocks, etc.

[0058] S2, change the phase of one group of units, scan and obtain feedback data from the terminal device; traverse 2 KA phase is selected, and the phase of one of the groups of units is adjusted to the optimal phase corresponding to the maximum feedback data; wherein the feedback data is the signal strength received by the terminal device.

[0059] In this embodiment, when the phase of one group of units is changed, the specific group to be selected may be selected in order from left to right after grouping, or may be selected one or more groups at a time.

[0060] For example, the phase of the i-th group of units is changed individually, specifically in the following manner: K Phase arrangement and numbering If the initial phase is The next phase change is If this phase is The next phase change is Get feedback data from the terminal device i , take different phases so that d i The maximum phase is recorded as the optimal phase θ imax , and record the maximum feedback value at this time as d imax .

[0061] S3, repeat S2 until the optimal phase of each group of units is determined;

[0062] In this embodiment, for example, the phase of the i+1th group of units (i+1∈[1,M]) is continuously changed to determine the optimal phase of the i+1th group of units.

[0063] S4, comparing the feedback data corresponding to the optimal phases of the units in each group, fixing the phases of the units in the groups corresponding to the smallest feedback data; and then re-dividing the remaining units into multiple groups, wherein the number of units included in each group in the current group is smaller than that in the previous group;

[0064] In this embodiment, after all groups have been scanned, imax The smaller group is fixed at θ imax , and reduce the scale of the remaining units to group them.

[0065] S5, executing S2 for the currently divided group until the feedback data of the terminal device meets the requirements.

[0066] Furthermore, the control method further comprises:

[0067] S6, regroup the units whose phases are fixed for the first time in S4 so that the number of units in each group is smaller than before; change the phase of one group of units, scan and obtain feedback data from the terminal device; traverse 2 K A phase is selected, and the phase of one of the groups of units is adjusted to an optimal phase corresponding to a maximum feedback data.

[0068] The multi-bit control method of the holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement proposed in the present invention is further illustrated below with reference to a specific example.

[0069] In this example, an 8×64 2-bit quantized holographic beamforming system is used. Figure 3 As shown, the overall system diagram is as follows Figure 4 The control method comprises the following steps:

[0070] Step 1: Divide the holographic beamforming units into 8 groups of 8 columns each. The large-scale grouping of the array is shown in Figure 5(a), and the initial beam is shown in Figure 5(b).

[0071] At this time, the beam is pointed at 90°, and the target position of the holographic beamforming unit is set to 60°.

[0072] Step 2: Change the phase of the i-th group of units individually. The specific method is as follows: Arrange and number the four phases The initial phase is The next phase change is If this phase is The next phase change is

[0073] Step 3: Get user feedback i , take different phases so that d i The maximum phase, denoted as θ imax , and record the maximum feedback value at this time as d imax .

[0074] Step 4: Repeat steps 2 and 3 to change the phase of the i+1th (i+1∈[1,M]) group of units.

[0075] Step 5: After all groups have been scanned, imax Smaller groups (1-2 groups) are fixed at θ imax , and group the remaining units into groups of 4. The array is shown in Figure 6(a), and the beam is shown in Figure 6(b).

[0076] Step 6. Repeat steps 1-5.

[0077] After the second scale refinement scan, groups 1-6 are fixed and the remaining units are grouped into groups of 2 columns. The array is shown in Figure 7(a) and the beam is shown in Figure 7(b).

[0078] After the third scale refinement scan, groups 1-6 are fixed and the remaining units are grouped into groups of 1 column. The array is shown in Figure 8(a) and the beam is shown in Figure 8(b).

[0079] After the fourth scale refinement and scanning, the remaining groups are fixed and the array is as shown in Figure 9(a). The beam is as shown in Figure 9(b), which can achieve beamforming in a 60° direction.

[0080] Furthermore, after the final scan, the initial large-scale fixed elements can be further refined. After scanning and fixing them in groups of two, the array is shown in Figure 10(a), and the beam is shown in Figure 10(b). This not only achieves 60° beamforming, but also features high radiation energy, small sidelobes, and precise beamforming.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] A multi-bit control device for a holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement, wherein the holographic beamforming array is K-bit controlled, where K ≥ 2, and the control device comprises:

[0083] A first division module is used to divide all units in the holographic beamforming array into multiple groups;

[0084] The optimal phase determination module is used to change the phase of one group of units, scan and obtain feedback data from the terminal device; traverse 2 K A phase, adjusting the phase of one of the groups of units to an optimal phase corresponding to a maximum feedback data; wherein the feedback data is a received signal strength of a terminal device;

[0085] a first repetition module, configured to repeatedly execute the operation of the optimal phase determination module until the optimal phase of each group of units is determined;

[0086] The second division module is used to compare the feedback data corresponding to the optimal phase of each group of units, fix the phases of the units corresponding to the groups with the smallest feedback data, and then re-divide the remaining units into multiple groups, where the number of units included in each group in the current group is smaller than that in the previous group;

[0087] The second repetition module is used to sequentially execute the operations of the optimal phase determination module, the first repetition module, and the second division module on the currently divided group until the feedback data of the terminal device meets the requirements.

[0088] The relevant technical solutions are the same as those in Example 1 and will not be described again here.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] An electronic device, comprising:

[0091] processor; and

[0092] a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor;

[0093] The processor is configured to execute the multi-bit control method of the holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement as described in Example 1 by executing the executable instructions.

[0094] The relevant technical solutions are the same as those in Example 1 and will not be described again here.

[0095] Example 4

[0096] A computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions. When a processor executes the computer-executable instructions, the multi-bit control method of a holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement as described in Example 1 is implemented.

[0097] The relevant technical solutions are the same as those in Example 1 and will not be described again here.

[0098] It will be easily understood by those skilled in the art that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-bit control method for a holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement, characterized in that: The holographic beamforming array is K-bit controlled, where K≥2, and the control method includes: S1, divide all elements in the holographic beamforming array into multiple groups; S2, change the phase of one group of units, scan and obtain feedback data from the terminal device; traverse 2 K A phase, adjusting the phase of one of the groups of units to an optimal phase corresponding to a maximum feedback data; wherein the feedback data is a received signal strength of a terminal device; S3, repeat S2 until the optimal phase of each group of units is determined; S4, comparing the feedback data corresponding to the optimal phases of the units in each group, fixing the phases of the units in the groups corresponding to the smallest feedback data; and then re-dividing the remaining units into multiple groups, wherein the number of units included in each group in the current group is smaller than that in the previous group; S5, executing S2 for the currently divided group until the feedback data of the terminal device meets the requirements.

2. The multi-bit control method of holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: S6, regroup the units whose phases were first fixed in S4 so that the number of units in each group is smaller than before; Change the phase of one group of units, scan and obtain feedback data from the terminal device; traverse 2 K A phase is selected, and the phase of one of the groups of units is adjusted to an optimal phase corresponding to a maximum feedback data.

3. The multi-bit control method of holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement according to claim 1, characterized in that: Indicators of received signal strength include CQI, SNR, SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, and RSSI.

4. The multi-bit control method of holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, all elements in the holographic beamforming array are evenly divided into multiple groups according to rows, columns, or blocks.

5. A multi-bit control device for a holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement, characterized in that: The holographic beamforming array is K-bit controlled, where K≥2, and the control device includes: A first division module is used to divide all units in the holographic beamforming array into multiple groups; The optimal phase determination module is used to change the phase of one group of units, scan and obtain feedback data from the terminal device; traverse 2 K A phase, adjusting the phase of one of the groups of units to an optimal phase corresponding to a maximum feedback data; wherein the feedback data is a received signal strength of a terminal device; a first repetition module, configured to repeatedly execute the operation of the optimal phase determination module until the optimal phase of each group of units is determined; The second division module is used to compare the feedback data corresponding to the optimal phase of each group of units, fix the phases of the units corresponding to the groups with the smallest feedback data, and then re-divide the remaining units into multiple groups, where the number of units included in each group in the current group is smaller than that in the previous group; The second repetition module is used to sequentially execute the operations of the optimal phase determination module, the first repetition module, and the second division module on the currently divided group until the feedback data of the terminal device meets the requirements.

6. The multi-bit control device for holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also includes: The third division module is used to regroup the units whose phases are fixed for the first time in the operation of the second division module so that the number of units in each group is reduced compared with the previous one; change the phase of one group of units, scan and obtain feedback data from the terminal device; traverse 2 K A phase is selected, and the phase of one of the groups of units is adjusted to an optimal phase corresponding to a maximum feedback data.

7. The multi-bit control device for holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement according to claim 5, characterized in that: Indicators of received signal strength include CQI, SNR, SINR, RSRP, RSRQ, and RSSI.

8. The multi-bit control device for holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first division module is specifically configured to evenly divide all units in the holographic beamforming array into multiple groups according to rows, columns, or blocks.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: processor; as well as a memory for storing executable instructions of the processor; The processor is configured to execute the multi-bit control method of the holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement according to any one of claims 1 to 4 by executing the executable instructions.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions. When the processor executes the computer-executable instructions, the multi-bit control method of the holographic beamforming array based on scale refinement as described in any one of claims 1 to 4 is implemented.

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