Frequency tone reservation for new radio sidelink

Abstract

Aspects relate to mechanisms for wireless communication devices for tone reservation. A user equipment (UE) receives an indication of one or more peak reduction tone (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals to a base station. The UE transmits a first signal to the base station on an uplink. The UE transmits a second signal to a relay entity on a sidelink for reception by the base station. The second signal is transmitted on the sidelink with the one or more PRT resources.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This patent application claims priority to pending non-provisional application serial number 17 / 482,314 filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on September 22, 2021, and provisional application serial number 63 / 083,005 filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on September 24, 2020, which are assigned to the assignee of this application and are expressly incorporated herein by reference as if they were fully set forth below and for all applicable purposes. Technical Field

[0003] The techniques discussed below generally relate to wireless communication networks, and more specifically to frequency modulation reservations for sidelink communication. Background Technology

[0004] Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals can utilize Peak Reduced Frequency Modulation (PRT) to communicate data between devices. As the demand for wireless communication increases, research and development continue to advance the field of communication technology. For example, PRT can be used for uplink communication in fifth-generation new radio (5G NR) communication systems. Technologies related to allocating PRT resources for signal communication using PRT can further advance 5G NR communication systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The following provides a summary of one or more aspects of this disclosure to offer a basic understanding of these aspects. This summary is not a comprehensive overview of all anticipated features of this disclosure, nor is it intended to identify key or essential elements of all aspects of this disclosure, nor to describe the scope of any or all aspects of this disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects of this disclosure in one form as a prelude to the more detailed description that follows.

[0006] A method for wireless communication by a scheduled entity is provided. The method includes receiving an indication of one or more Peak-Down Frequency Modulation (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals to a base station. The method also includes transmitting a first signal to the base station on an uplink. The method further includes transmitting a second signal to a relay entity on a sidelink for reception by the base station, wherein the second signal is transmitted on the sidelink using one or more PRT resources.

[0007] A user equipment (UE) is provided. The UE includes a transceiver for wireless communication with a base station. The UE also includes a memory. The UE further includes a processor coupled to the transceiver and the memory. The processor and memory are configured to receive indications of one or more Peak-Down-Tone (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals to the base station. The processor and memory are also configured to transmit a first signal to the base station on an uplink. The processor and memory are configured to transmit a second signal to a relay entity on a sidelink for reception by the base station, wherein the second signal is transmitted on the sidelink using one or more PRT resources.

[0008] A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium is provided on which instructions are stored. When the instructions are executed by processing circuitry, the processing circuitry receives an indication for one or more Peak Downsampling (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals to a base station. When the instructions are executed by the processing circuitry, the processing circuitry also transmits a first signal to the base station on an uplink. When the instructions are executed by the processing circuitry, the processing circuitry also transmits a second signal to a relay entity on a sidelink for reception by the base station, wherein the second signal is transmitted on the sidelink using one or more PRT resources.

[0009] A user equipment (UE) is provided. The UE includes components for receiving an indication of one or more Peak Reduced Frequency Modulation (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals to a base station. The UE also includes components for transmitting a first signal to the base station on an uplink. The UE further includes components for transmitting a second signal to a relay entity on a sidelink for reception by the base station, wherein the second signal is transmitted on the sidelink using one or more PRT resources.

[0010] A method for wireless communication by a scheduling entity is provided. The method includes transmitting an indication of one or more Peak-Down Frequency Modulation (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals by the scheduled entity. The method also includes receiving a first signal from the scheduled entity on an uplink and receiving a second signal from a relay entity, wherein the relay entity utilizes one or more PRT resources to receive the second signal from the scheduled entity on a sidelink.

[0011] A base station is provided. The base station includes a transceiver for wireless communication with a user equipment (UE). The base station also includes a memory. The base station further includes a processor coupled to the transceiver and the memory. The processor and memory are configured to transmit indications of one or more Peak Reduced Frequency Modulation (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals by a scheduled entity. The processor and memory are also configured to receive a first signal from the scheduled entity on an uplink and a second signal from a relay entity, wherein the relay entity utilizes one or more PRT resources to receive the second signal from the scheduled entity on a sidelink.

[0012] A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium on which instructions are stored is provided. When the instructions are executed by processing circuitry, the processing circuitry sends an indication for one or more Peak Reduced Frequency Modulation (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals by a scheduled entity. When the instructions are executed by the processing circuitry, the processing circuitry also receives a first signal from the scheduled entity on an uplink and a second signal from a relay entity, wherein the relay entity utilizes one or more PRT resources to receive the second signal from the scheduled entity on a sidelink.

[0013] A base station is provided. The base station includes components for transmitting an indication of one or more Peak Reduced Frequency Modulation (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals by a scheduled entity. The base station also includes components for receiving a first signal from the scheduled entity on an uplink and receiving a second signal from a relay entity, wherein the relay entity utilizes one or more PRT resources to receive the second signal from the scheduled entity on a sidelink.

[0014] A method for wireless communication by a scheduling entity is provided. The method includes receiving an indication that a relay entity can be used to relay one or more signals received via a sidelink, wherein the one or more signals are intended for reception by a base station. The method also includes allocating one or more Peak-Down-Tone (PRT) resources for transmitting at least one of the one or more signals on the sidelink. The method further includes transmitting a first signal of the at least one signal to the base station on an uplink. Furthermore, the method includes transmitting a second signal of the at least one signal to the relay entity on the sidelink for reception by the base station, wherein the second signal is transmitted on the sidelink using one or more PRT resources.

[0015] A user equipment (UE) is provided. The UE includes a transceiver for wireless communication with a base station. The UE also includes a memory. The UE further includes a processor coupled to the transceiver and the memory. The processor and memory are configured to receive an indication that a relay entity may be used to relay one or more signals received via a sidelink, wherein the one or more signals are intended for reception by the base station. The processor and memory are also configured to allocate one or more Peak Down-Tone (PRT) resources for transmitting at least one of the one or more signals on the sidelink. The processor and memory are also configured to transmit a first signal of the at least one signal to the base station on an uplink. Furthermore, the processor and memory are configured to transmit a second signal of the at least one signal to the relay entity on the sidelink for reception by the base station, wherein the second signal is transmitted on the sidelink using one or more PRT resources.

[0016] A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium is provided on which instructions are stored. When the instructions are executed by processing circuitry, the processing circuitry receives an indication that a relay entity may use it to relay one or more signals received via a side link, wherein the one or more signals are intended to be received by a base station. When the instructions are executed by the processing circuitry, the processing circuitry also allocates one or more Peak Downsampling (PRT) resources for transmitting at least one of the one or more signals on the side link. When the instructions are executed by the processing circuitry, the processing circuitry also transmits a first signal of the at least one signal to the base station on the uplink. Furthermore, when the instructions are executed by the processing circuitry, the processing circuitry transmits a second signal of the at least one signal to the relay entity on the side link for reception by the base station, wherein the second signal is transmitted on the side link using one or more PRT resources.

[0017] A user equipment (UE) is provided. The UE includes components for receiving an indication that a relay entity can use it to relay one or more signals received via a sidelink, wherein the one or more signals are for reception by a base station. The UE also includes components for allocating one or more Peak-Down-Tone (PRT) resources for transmitting at least one of the one or more signals on the sidelink. The UE further includes components for transmitting a first signal of the at least one signal to the base station on an uplink. Furthermore, the UE includes components for transmitting a second signal of the at least one signal to a relay entity on the sidelink for reception by the base station, wherein the second signal is transmitted on the sidelink using one or more PRT resources.

[0018] A method for wireless communication by a base station is provided. The method includes sending a message to a user equipment (UE). The method also includes receiving a first signal from the UE on an uplink and receiving a second signal from a relay entity, wherein the relay entity receives the second signal from the UE on a sidelink using one or more PRT resources.

[0019] A base station is provided. The base station includes a transceiver for wirelessly communicating with a user equipment (UE). The base station also includes a memory. The base station further includes a processor coupled to the transceiver and the memory. The processor and memory are configured to send messages to the UE. The processor and memory are also configured to receive a first signal from the UE on an uplink and a second signal from a relay entity, wherein the relay entity receives the second signal from the UE on a sidelink using one or more PRT resources.

[0020] A non-transitory processor-readable storage medium on which instructions are stored is provided. When the instructions are executed by a processing circuit, the processing circuit sends a message to a user equipment (UE). When the instructions are executed by the processing circuit, the processing circuit also receives a first signal from the UE on an uplink and a second signal from a relay entity, wherein the relay entity receives the second signal from the UE on a sidelink using one or more PRT resources.

[0021] A base station is provided. The base station includes components for transmitting messages to a user equipment (UE). The base station also includes components for receiving a first signal from the UE on an uplink and receiving a second signal from a relay entity, wherein the relay entity receives the second signal from the UE on a sidelink using one or more PRT resources.

[0022] These and other aspects will become more fully understood upon review of the following detailed description. Other aspects, features, and embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of the following description of specific exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. While features may be discussed with respect to certain embodiments and the drawings below, all embodiments may include one or more of the advantageous features discussed herein. In other words, while one or more embodiments may be discussed as having certain advantageous features, one or more of these features may also be used according to the various embodiments discussed herein. Similarly, while exemplary embodiments may be discussed below as embodiments of a device, system, or method, such exemplary embodiments may be implemented in various devices, systems, and methods. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless radio access network based on some aspects.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network employing sidelink communication based on some aspects.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system that facilitates both cellular and sidelink communication, based on several aspects.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating a wireless communication system that supports beamforming and / or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication based on several aspects.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame structure used in wireless communication networks, based on several aspects.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of frequency modulation reservations based on certain aspects.

[0029] Figure 7A and Figure 7B This is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame structure reserved for frequency modulation based on some aspects.

[0030] Figure 8A and Figure 8B This is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame structure reserved for frequency modulation based on some aspects.

[0031] Figure 9 This is another conceptual diagram illustrating an example of relay entity communication for frequency modulation reservation, based on some aspects.

[0032] Figure 10 This is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of relay entity communication for frequency modulation reservation, based on some aspects.

[0033] Figure 11 This is another conceptual diagram illustrating an example of frequency modulation reservations based on certain aspects.

[0034] Figure 12 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of a user equipment (UE) employing a processing system according to some aspects.

[0035] Figure 13 It is a flowchart based on some aspects of the method for frequency modulation reservation.

[0036] Figure 14 This is another flowchart based on some aspects of the method for frequency modulation reservation.

[0037] Figure 15 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of a base station employing a processing system according to some aspects.

[0038] Figure 16 It is a flowchart based on some aspects of the method for frequency modulation reservation.

[0039] Figure 17 This is another flowchart based on some aspects of the method for frequency modulation reservation.

[0040] Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame structure reserved for frequency modulation based on some aspects.

[0041] Figure 19A , Figure 19B , Figure 19C and Figure 19D This is a chart illustrating example performance information reserved based on some aspects of frequency modulation. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The detailed description following, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, is intended as a description of various configurations, and not as representing the only configuration in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0043] While aspects and embodiments are described herein by way of example, those skilled in the art will understand that additional implementations and use cases can arise in many different arrangements and scenarios. The innovations described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and package arrangements. For example, embodiments and / or uses can arise via integrated chip embodiments and other devices based on non-modular components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, AI-enabled devices, etc.). While some examples may or may not be specific to a particular use case or application, broad applicability of the described innovations is possible. The scope of implementations can range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations, and further to aggregated, distributed, or OEM devices or systems incorporating one or more aspects of the described innovations. In some practical settings, devices incorporating the described aspects and features may also necessarily include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described embodiments. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily involve many components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components, including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, one or more processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The aim is that the innovations described herein can be implemented in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, end-user devices, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and constructions.

[0044] Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), already employed in Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems and 5G New Radio (5G NR), can improve system capacity. However, a major drawback of OFDM is its Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), which can be reduced by using tone reservation (TR). In a tone reservation-based OFDM system, PAPR reduction performance depends primarily on the selection of the Peak Reduced Frequency Tuning (PRT) set. PRTS comprises a small subset of subcarriers and can be used to generate peak-cancelled signals to reduce PAPR.

[0045] Various aspects of this disclosure relate to frequency modulation reservation. For example, a base station may generate and send to a user equipment (UE) an indication of one or more Peak Reduced Frequency Modulation (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals to the base station. The UE may receive an indication and a relay availability message indicating that a relay entity is available to receive one or more signals from the UE via a side link using one or more PRT resources. The UE generates a first signal for transmission to the base station and transmits the first signal to the base station on the uplink. The UE also generates a second signal for reception by the base station. The UE uses one or more PRT resources to transmit the second signal to the relay entity on the sidelink. The relay entity receives the second signal and relays or transmits the second signal to the base station on the uplink.

[0046] The various concepts presented herein can be implemented across a wide variety of telecommunications systems, network architectures, and communication standards. Now refer to... Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a radio access network 100 is provided as an illustrative example and not a limitation. The RAN 100 can implement any suitable one or more wireless communication technologies to provide radio access. As an example, the RAN 100 can operate according to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) specification (commonly referred to as 5G). As another example, the RAN 100 can operate under a hybrid of 5G NR and the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (eUTRAN) standard (commonly referred to as LTE). 3GPP refers to this hybrid RAN as a Next Generation RAN, or NG-RAN. Of course, many other examples can be used within the scope of this disclosure.

[0047] The geographic area covered by the radio access network 100 can be divided into multiple cellular areas (cells), and user equipment (UE) can uniquely identify these cellular areas (cells) based on an identifier broadcast across the geographic area from an access point or base station. Figure 1 The illustration shows macro cells 102, 104, and 106, and small cell 108, each of which may include one or more sectors (not shown). A sector is a sub-area of ​​a cell. All sectors within a cell are served by the same base station. Radio links within a sector can be identified by a single logical identifier belonging to that sector. In a cell divided into sectors, multiple sectors within the cell can be formed by antenna groups, each antenna responsible for communicating with UEs within a portion of the cell.

[0048] Typically, each base station (BS) serves its respective cell. In a broader sense, a base station is a network element in a radio access network responsible for transmitting and receiving radio signals to or from a UE in one or more cells. A BS may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base transceiver station (BTS), radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), access point (AP), node B (NB), eNode B (eNB), gNode B (gNB), or some other suitable terminology.

[0049] exist Figure 1 In the illustration, two base stations 110 and 112 are shown in cells 102 and 104; and a third base station 114 is shown as a remote radio head (RRH) 116 in control cell 106. That is, the base stations can have integrated antennas or can be connected to antennas or RRHs via feeder cables. In the illustrated example, cells 102, 104, and 106 can be referred to as macro cells because base stations 110, 112, and 114 support cells with large sizes. Furthermore, base station 118 is shown in a small cell 108 that can overlap with one or more macro cells (e.g., microcell, picocell, femtocell, home base station, home node B, home eNode B, etc.). In this example, cell 108 can be referred to as a small cell because base station 118 supports cells with relatively small sizes. Cell sizes can be adjusted according to system design and component constraints. It should be understood that the radio access network 100 can include any number of radio base stations and cells. Furthermore, relay nodes can be deployed to extend the size or coverage area of ​​a given cell. Base stations 110, 112, 114, and 118 provide wireless access points to the core network for any number of mobile devices.

[0050] Figure 1 It also includes a quadcopter or drone 120, which can be configured to be used as a base station. That is, in some examples, the cell may not necessarily be stationary, and the geographical area of ​​the cell may move depending on the location of a mobile base station such as the quadcopter 120.

[0051] Typically, a base station may include a backhaul interface for communicating with a backhaul portion (not shown) of the network. The backhaul provides a link between the base station and the core network (not shown), and in some examples, the backhaul provides interconnection between respective base stations. The core network may be part of a wireless communication system and may be independent of the radio access technology used in the radio access network. Various types of backhaul interfaces may be employed, such as a direct physical connection using any suitable transport network, a virtual network, etc.

[0052] RAN 100 is illustrated as supporting wireless communication for multiple mobile devices. Mobile devices are typically referred to as User Equipment (UE) in standards and specifications issued by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), but may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as Mobile Station (MS), Subscriber Station, Mobile Unit, Subscriber Unit, Radio Unit, Remote Unit, Mobile Equipment, Radio Equipment, Wireless Communication Equipment, Remote Equipment, Mobile Subscriber Station, Access Terminal (AT), Mobile Terminal, Radio Terminal, Remote Terminal, Handheld Device, Terminal, User Agent, Mobile Client, Client, or some other suitable terminology. A UE can be a device that provides users with access to network services.

[0053] In this document, a “mobile” device does not necessarily need to be mobile and can be stationary. The term mobile device or mobile device broadly refers to a wide variety of devices and technologies. For example, some non-limiting examples of mobile devices include mobile devices, cellular phones, smartphones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal computers (PCs), notebooks, netbooks, smartbooks, tablets, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and a wide range of embedded systems, such as those corresponding to the “Internet of Things” (IoT). Mobile devices can also be automobiles or other transport vehicles, remote sensors or actuators, robots or robotic devices, satellite radios, Global Positioning System (GPS) devices, target tracking devices, drones, multi-rotor aircraft, quadcopters, remote control devices, consumer and / or wearable devices such as glasses, wearable cameras, virtual reality devices, smartwatches, health or fitness trackers, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, etc. Mobile devices can also be digital home or smart home devices such as home audio, video and / or multimedia devices, appliances, vending machines, smart lighting, home security systems, smart meters, etc. Mobile devices can also be smart energy devices, security devices, solar panels or solar arrays, municipal infrastructure equipment controlling electricity (e.g., smart grids), lighting, water, etc.; industrial automation and enterprise equipment; logistics controllers; agricultural equipment; military defense equipment, vehicles, aircraft, ships, and weaponry. Furthermore, mobile devices can provide connected medical or telemedicine support, i.e., remote healthcare. Telemedicine devices can include telemedicine monitoring devices and telemedicine management devices, whose communications can be given priority processing or access over other types of information, for example, in terms of priority access to and / or QoS related to the transmission of critical service data.

[0054] Within RAN 100, a cell may include UEs capable of communicating with one or more sectors of each cell. For example, UEs 122 and 124 may communicate with base station 110; UEs 126 and 128 may communicate with base station 112; UEs 130 and 132 may communicate with base station 114 via RRH 116; UE 134 may communicate with base station 118; and UE 136 may communicate with mobile base station 120. Here, each base station 110, 112, 114, 118, and 120 may be configured to provide an access point to a core network (not shown) for all UEs in the corresponding cell. In another example, a mobile network node (e.g., quadcopter 120) may be configured to act as a UE. For example, quadcopter 120 may operate within cell 102 by communicating with base station 110.

[0055] Wireless communication between RAN 100 and UEs (e.g., UE 122 or 124) can be described as utilizing an air interface. Transmissions via the air interface from a base station (e.g., base station 110) to one or more UEs (e.g., UEs 122 and 124) can be referred to as downlink (DL) transmissions. According to certain aspects of this disclosure, the term downlink can refer to point-to-multipoint transmissions originating from a scheduling entity (further described below; e.g., base station 110). Another way to describe this scheme is to use the term broadcast channel multiplexing. Transmissions from a UE (e.g., UE 122) to a base station (e.g., base station 110) can be referred to as uplink (UL) transmissions. According to other aspects of this disclosure, the term uplink can refer to point-to-point transmissions originating from a scheduled entity (further described below; e.g., UE 122).

[0056] For example, DL transmission may include unicast or broadcast transmission of control information and / or service information (e.g., user data service) from a base station (e.g., base station 110) to one or more UEs (e.g., UEs 122 and 124), while UL transmission may include transmission of control information and / or service information originating at a UE (e.g., UE 122). Furthermore, uplink and / or downlink control information and / or service information may be time-divided into frames, subframes, time slots, and / or symbols. As used herein, a symbol may refer to a time unit in which each subcarrier carries one resource element (RE) in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) waveform. A time slot may carry 7 or 14 OFDM symbols. A subframe may refer to a duration of 1 ms. Multiple subframes or time slots may be combined to form a single frame or radio frame. Of course, these definitions are not mandatory, and any suitable scheme for forming the waveform can be used, and the various time divisions of the waveform can have any suitable duration.

[0057] To achieve a low block error rate (BLER) while still maintaining a very high data rate over the air interface, channel decoding can be used. That is, wireless communication typically uses appropriate error-correcting block codes. In a typical block code, the information message or sequence is divided into code blocks (CBs), and the encoder (e.g., CODEC) at the transmitting device then mathematically adds redundancy to the information message. Utilizing this redundancy in the encoded information message improves message reliability, thereby correcting any bit errors that may occur due to noise.

[0058] In early 5G NR specifications, quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (LDPC) with two different basemaps was used to decode user data: one basemap for large code blocks and / or high code rates, and the other for the opposite. Polar decoding was used based on nested sequences to decode control information and the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). For these channels, rate matching was performed using puncturing, shortening, and repetition.

[0059] However, those skilled in the art will understand that any suitable channel code can be used to implement aspects of this disclosure. Various implementations of the base station and UE may include suitable hardware and capabilities (e.g., encoders, decoders, and / or CODECs) to utilize one or more of these channel codes for wireless communication.

[0060] The air interface in RAN 100 can utilize one or more multiplexing and multiple access algorithms to enable simultaneous communication of various devices. For example, the 5G NR specification provides multiple access for UL or reverse link transmissions from UEs 122 and 124 to base station 110, and uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with a Cyclic Prefix (CP) to multiplex DL or forward link transmissions from base station 110 to UEs 122 and 124. Furthermore, for UL transmissions, the 5G NR specification supports Discrete Fourier Transform Extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) with CP (also known as Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)). However, within the scope of this disclosure, multiplexing and multiple access are not limited to the above schemes and can be provided using Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA), Resource Extended Multiple Access (RSMA), or other suitable multiple access schemes. In addition, time division multiplexing (TDM), code division multiplexing (CDM), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), sparse code multiplexing (SCM) or other suitable multiplexing schemes can be used to multiplex the DL transmissions from base station 110 to UEs 122 and 124.

[0061] Furthermore, the air interface in RAN 100 can utilize one or more duplex algorithms. Duplex refers to a point-to-point communication link where two endpoints can communicate with each other in both directions. Full-duplex means that two endpoints can communicate with each other simultaneously. Half-duplex means that only one endpoint can send information to the other endpoint at a time. In wireless links, full-duplex channels typically rely on physical isolation between the transmitter and receiver, as well as appropriate interference cancellation techniques. Full-duplex simulation for wireless links is often achieved using Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) or Time Division Duplex (TDD). In FDD, transmissions in different directions operate on different carrier frequencies. In TDD, transmissions in different directions on a given channel are separated using time division multiplexing. That is, at some times the channel is dedicated to transmission in one direction, and at other times the channel is dedicated to transmission in the other direction, where the direction may change very rapidly, for example, several times per time slot.

[0062] In RAN100, the ability of a UE to communicate independently of its location while moving is termed mobility. Various physical channels between the UE and the RAN are typically established, maintained, and released under the control of Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMFs). AMFs may include Security Context Management Functions (SCMFs) that manage the security context of both the control plane and user plane functions, and Security Anchor Functions (SEAFs) that perform authentication. In various aspects of this disclosure, RAN100 may utilize either DL-based mobility or UL-based mobility to achieve mobility and handover (i.e., the transfer of a UE's connection from one radio channel to another). In a network configured for DL-based mobility, during a call with a scheduling entity, or at any other time, the UE can monitor various parameters of signals from its serving cell and various parameters of neighboring cells. Depending on the quality of these parameters, the UE may maintain communication with one or more of its neighboring cells. During this period, if the UE moves from one cell to another, or if the signal quality from a neighboring cell exceeds the signal quality from the serving cell after a given amount of time, the UE may perform a handover or handover from the serving cell to the neighboring (target) cell. For example, UE 124 can move from a geographic area corresponding to its serving cell 102 to a geographic area corresponding to a neighboring cell 106. When the signal strength or quality from the neighboring cell 106 exceeds the signal strength or quality of its serving cell 102 for a given amount of time, UE 124 can send a report message to its serving base station 110 to indicate this situation. In response, UE 124 can receive a handover command, and the UE can perform a handover to cell 106.

[0063] In a network configured for UL-based mobility, the UL reference signal from each UE can be used by the network to select a serving cell for each UE. In some examples, base stations 110, 112, and 114 / 116 can broadcast a uniform synchronization signal (e.g., a uniform primary synchronization signal (PSS), a uniform secondary synchronization signal (SSS), and a uniform physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). UEs 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, and 132 can receive the uniform synchronization signal, derive the carrier frequency and radio frame timing from the synchronization signal, and transmit an uplink pilot or reference signal in response to the derived timing. The uplink pilot signal transmitted by a UE (e.g., UE 124) can be simultaneously received by two or more cells within RAN 100 (e.g., base stations 110 and 114 / 116). Each cell in the RAN can measure the strength of the pilot signal, and the RAN (e.g., one or more of base stations 110 and 114 / 116 and / or a central node within the core network) can determine the serving cell for UE 124. As UE 124 moves through RAN 100, the network can continue to monitor the uplink pilot signals transmitted by UE 124. When the signal strength or quality of the pilot signals measured by the neighboring cell exceeds the signal strength or quality measured by the serving cell, RAN 100 can switch UE 124 from the serving cell to the neighboring cell with or without notifying UE 124.

[0064] Although the synchronization signals transmitted by base stations 110, 112, and 114 / 116 can be uniform, they may not identify a specific cell, but rather an area (zone) of multiple cells operating at the same frequency and / or with the same timing. Using zones in 5G networks or other next-generation communication networks can enable uplink-based mobility frameworks and improve the efficiency of both the UE and the network because it reduces the number of mobility messages that need to be exchanged between the UE and the network.

[0065] In various implementations, the air interface in RAN 100 can utilize licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or shared spectrum. Licensed spectrum provides exclusive use of a portion of the spectrum, typically obtained through a license purchased by a mobile network operator from a government regulatory body. Unlicensed spectrum provides shared use of a portion of the spectrum without a government-granted license. While some technical rules are generally still required to access unlicensed spectrum, in general, any operator or device can obtain access. Shared spectrum can fall between licensed and unlicensed spectrum, where technical rules or restrictions may be required to access the spectrum, but the spectrum can still be shared by multiple operators and / or multiple RATs. For example, a licensee of a portion of licensed spectrum can provide a License Shared Access (LSA) to share the spectrum with other parties, for example, under conditions determined by the appropriate licensee.

[0066] In some examples, access to the air interface can be scheduled, where a scheduling entity (e.g., a base station) allocates resources (e.g., time-frequency resources) for communication between some or all devices and equipment within its service area or cell. In this disclosure, as further discussed below, the scheduling entity may be responsible for scheduling, allocating, reconfiguring, and releasing resources for one or more scheduled entities. That is, for scheduled communication, the UE or the scheduled entity utilizes resources allocated by the scheduling entity.

[0067] A base station is not the only entity that can act as a scheduling entity. That is, in some examples, a UE can act as a scheduling entity, scheduling resources for one or more scheduled entities (e.g., one or more other UEs). In other examples, sidelink signaling can be used between UEs without relying on scheduling or control information from a base station. For example, UE 138 is illustrated as communicating with UEs 140 and 142. In some examples, UE 138 acts as a scheduling entity or a transmitting sidelink device, and UEs 140 and 142 can act as scheduled entities or receiving sidelink devices. For example, UE 138 can act as a scheduling entity in device-to-device (D2D), peer-to-peer (P2P), vehicle-to-everything V2X, and / or mesh networks. In the mesh network example, in addition to communicating with scheduling entity 138, UEs 140 and 142 can optionally communicate directly with each other.

[0068] In some aspects of this disclosure, two or more UEs (e.g., UEs 126 and 128) within the coverage area of ​​serving base station 112 can communicate with each other using sidelink signal 127 without relaying the communication through the base station. In this example, base station 112 or one or both of UEs 126 and 128 can act as a scheduling entity to schedule sidelink communication between UEs 126 and 128. For example, UEs 126 and 128 can communicate sidelink signal 127 within a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) network.

[0069] Two main technologies that can be used by V2X networks include Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) based on the IEEE 802.11p standard and cellular V2X based on LTE and / or 5G (New Radio) standards. Various aspects of this disclosure can relate to New Radio (NR) cellular V2X networks, which, for simplicity, are referred to herein as V2X networks. However, it should be understood that the concepts disclosed herein are not limited to specific V2X standards or can be applied to sidelink networks other than V2X networks.

[0070] Figure 2 An example of a wireless communication network 200 configured to support D2D or sidelink communication is illustrated. In some examples, sidelink communication may include V2X communication. V2X communication involves not only direct wireless exchange of information between vehicles (e.g., vehicles 202 and 204) themselves, but also direct wireless exchange between vehicles 202 / 204 and infrastructure 206 (such as streetlights, buildings, traffic cameras, toll booths, or other fixed objects), vehicles 202 / 204 and pedestrians 208, and vehicles 202 / 204 and wireless communication networks (e.g., base station 210). In some examples, V2X communication may be implemented according to the New Radio (NR) Cellular V2X standard defined by 3GPP Release 15 or other suitable standards.

[0071] V2X communication enables vehicles 202 and 204 to acquire information related to weather, nearby accidents, road conditions, the activity of nearby vehicles and pedestrians, objects near the vehicles, and other relevant information that can be used to improve the driving experience and increase vehicle safety. For example, such V2X data can enable autonomous driving and improve road safety and traffic efficiency. For instance, the exchanged V2X data can be used by V2X-connected vehicles 202 and 204 to provide in-vehicle collision warnings, road hazard warnings, approach emergency vehicle warnings, pre-collision / post-collision warnings and information, emergency braking warnings, forward traffic congestion warnings, lane change warnings, intelligent navigation services, and other similar information. Furthermore, V2X data received by a V2X-connected mobile device of pedestrian / cyclist 208 can be used to trigger warning sounds, vibrations, flashing lights, etc., in case of imminent danger.

[0072] Sidelink communication between vehicles 202 and 204, or between vehicle 202 or 204 and one of infrastructure 206 or pedestrian 208, occurs via the Proximity Service (ProSe) PC5 interface 212. In various aspects of this disclosure, the PC5 interface 212 can be further utilized to support D2D communication in other proximity use cases. Examples of other proximity use cases may include proximity services based on public safety or commerce (e.g., entertainment, education, office, healthcare, and / or interaction). As used herein, the term Proximity Service (ProSe) communication refers to direct (e.g., D2D) communication between UEs in proximity use cases other than V2X. Figure 2 In the example shown, ProSe communication can occur between UEs 214 and 216.

[0073] ProSe communication can support different operating scenarios, such as within coverage, outside coverage, and partial coverage. Outside coverage refers to a scenario where UEs 214 and 216 are outside the coverage area of ​​a base station (e.g., base station 210) but are still configured for ProSe communication. Partial coverage refers to a scenario where one UE (e.g., UE 216) is outside the coverage area of ​​a base station (e.g., base station 210), while the other UE (e.g., UE 214) communicates with base station 210. Within coverage refers to a scenario where UEs 214 and 216 communicate with base station 210 (e.g., gNB) via a Uu (e.g., cellular interface) connection to receive ProSe service authorization and provisioning information to support ProSe operation.

[0074] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system 300 used to facilitate both cellular and sidelink communication. The wireless communication system 300 includes multiple wireless communication devices 302a, 302b, and 302c, and a base station (e.g., eNB or gNB) 306. In some examples, the wireless communication devices 302a, 302b, and 302c may be UEs capable of implementing D2D or V2X devices within a V2X network.

[0075] Wireless communication devices 302a and 302b can communicate via the first PC5 interface 304a, while wireless communication devices 302a and 302c can communicate via the second PC5 interface 304b. Wireless communication devices 302a, 302b, and 302c can also communicate with base station 306 via their respective Uu interfaces 308a, 308b, and 308b. Sidelink communication via PC5 interfaces 304a and 304b can be carried, for example, using radio resources operating according to the 5G NR or NR Sidelink (SL) specification in the licensed frequency domain, and / or using radio resources operating according to the 5G New Radio Unlicensed (NR-U) specification in the unlicensed frequency domain.

[0076] In some examples, a common carrier can be shared between PC5 interfaces 304a and 304b and Uu interfaces 308a-308c, allowing resources on the common carrier to be allocated to both sidelink communication between wireless communication devices 302a-302c and cellular communication (e.g., uplink and downlink communication) between wireless communication devices 302a-302c and base station 306. For example, wireless communication system 300 can be configured to support a V2X network, where resources for both sidelink and cellular communication are scheduled by base station 306. In other examples, wireless communication devices 302a-302c can autonomously (e.g., from one or more frequency bands or subbands designated for sidelink communication) select sidelink resources for communication between them. In this example, wireless communication devices 302a-302c can act as both a scheduling entity and a scheduled entity, scheduling sidelink resources for communication with each other.

[0077] In some aspects of this disclosure, the scheduling entity and / or the scheduled entity can be configured for beamforming and / or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques. Figure 4 An example of a wireless communication system 400 supporting beamforming and / or MIMO is illustrated. In the MIMO system, transmitter 402 includes multiple transmit antennas 404 (e.g., N transmit antennas), and receiver 406 includes multiple receive antennas 408 (e.g., M receive antennas). Therefore, there are N×M signal paths 410 from transmit antennas 404 to receive antennas 408. Each of transmitter 402 and receiver 406 can be implemented, for example, within a scheduling entity, a scheduled entity, or any other suitable device. In some examples, the transmitter and receiver are each wireless communication devices (e.g., UE or V2X device) communicating via a sidelink channel.

[0078] The use of such multi-antenna technology enables wireless communication systems to leverage the spatial domain to support spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and transmit diversity. Spatial multiplexing can be used to simultaneously transmit different data streams (also known as layers) on the same time-frequency resources. Data streams can be transmitted to a single UE to increase the data rate, or to multiple UEs to increase the overall system capacity; the latter is known as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO). This is achieved by spatially precoding each data stream (i.e., multiplying the data stream with different weights and phase shifts) and then transmitting each spatially precoded stream through multiple transmit antennas on the downlink. The spatially precoded data streams arrive at (one or more) UEs with different spatial characteristics, allowing each of the (one or more) UEs to recover one or more data streams destined for that UE. On the uplink, each UE transmits a spatially precoded data stream, enabling the base station to identify the source of each spatially precoded data stream.

[0079] The number of data streams or layers corresponds to the transmission rank. Typically, the rank of a MIMO system 400 is limited by the number of transmit antennas 404 or receive antennas 408 (the lower of the two). Furthermore, channel conditions at the UE and other considerations, such as available resources at the base station, can also affect the transmission rank. For example, the rank allocated to a particular UE on the downlink (and therefore the number of data streams) can be determined based on a rank indicator (RI) transmitted from the UE to the base station. The RI can be determined based on antenna configuration (e.g., the number of transmit and receive antennas) and the signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR) measured on each receive antenna. The RI can indicate, for example, the number of layers that can be supported under the current channel conditions. The base station can use the RI along with resource information (e.g., available resources and the amount of data to be scheduled for the UE) to allocate transmission ranks to the UE.

[0080] In one example, such as Figure 4 As shown, in a 2x2 MIMO antenna configuration, rank-2 spatial multiplexing transmission will send a data stream from each transmit antenna 404. Each data stream arrives at each receive antenna 408 along a different signal path 410. The receiver 406 can then reconstruct the data stream using the received signals from each receive antenna 408.

[0081] Beamforming is a signal processing technique that can be used at transmitter 402 or receiver 406 to shape or guide an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam or a receive beam) along a spatial path between transmitter 402 and receiver 406. Beamforming can be achieved by combining signals communicated via antennas 404 or 408 (e.g., antenna elements of an antenna array module) such that some of the signals experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. To generate the desired constructive / destructive interference, transmitter 402 or receiver 406 can apply amplitude and / or phase shifts to the signals transmitted or received from each antenna 404 or 408 associated with transmitter 402 or receiver 406.

[0082] In 5G New Radio (NR) systems, particularly for FR2 (millimeter wave) systems, beamforming signals can be used on most downlink channels, including the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) and the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH). Furthermore, broadcast control information (such as Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), Slot Format Indicator (SFI), and paging information) can be transmitted in a beam-scanning manner to enable all scheduled entities (UEs) within the coverage area of ​​the Transmitter Receiver Point (TRP) (e.g., gNB) to receive the broadcast control information. Additionally, for UEs configured with beamforming antenna arrays, beamforming signals can also be used on uplink channels, including the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). However, it should be understood that beamforming signals can also be used by Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) gNBs for systems below 6 GHz. Furthermore, beamforming signals can also be used in D2D systems, such as NR SL or V2X utilizing FR2.

[0083] Reference Figure 5 The OFDM waveforms illustrated herein are used to describe various aspects of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will understand that various aspects of this disclosure can be applied to SC-FDMA waveforms in substantially the same manner as described below. That is, while some examples of this disclosure may focus on OFDM links for clarity, it should be understood that the same principles can also be applied to SC-FDMA waveforms.

[0084] Now refer to Figure 5 An extended view of exemplary subframe 502 is illustrated, showing the OFDM resource grid. However, as those skilled in the art will readily understand, the PHY transmission structure for any particular application can differ from the example described herein, depending on many factors. Here, time is in the horizontal direction, in OFDM symbols; frequency is in the vertical direction, in subcarriers of a carrier.

[0085] Resource grid 504 can be used to schematically represent the time-frequency resources of a given antenna port. That is, in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) implementation with multiple antenna ports available, the corresponding multiple resource grids 504 can be used for communication. Resource grid 504 is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) 506. An RE is 1 subcarrier × 1 symbol, which is the smallest discrete part of the time-frequency grid and contains a single complex value representing data from a physical channel or signal. Depending on the modulation scheme used in a particular implementation, each RE can represent one or more information bits. In some examples, a block of REs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), or more simply as a resource block (RB) 508, which contains any suitable number of consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. In one example, an RB may include 12 subcarriers, the number of which is independent of the parameter set used. In some examples, depending on the parameter set, an RB may include any suitable number of consecutive OFDM symbols in the time domain. In this disclosure, it is assumed that a single RB such as RB 508 corresponds exactly to a single communication direction (transmission or reception for a given device).

[0086] Scheduling a UE or sidelink device (hereinafter collectively referred to as UE) for downlink, uplink, or sidelink communication typically involves scheduling one or more resource elements 506 within one or more subbands. Therefore, the UE typically uses only a subset of the resource grid 504. In some examples, an RB can be the smallest unit of resources that can be allocated to the UE. Therefore, the more RBs scheduled for the UE, and the more sophisticated the modulation scheme selected for the air interface, the higher the data rate available for the UE. RBs can be scheduled by the base station (e.g., gNB, eNB, etc.) or by the UE / sidelink device implementing D2D sidelink communication itself.

[0087] In this illustration, RB 508 is shown occupying less than the entire bandwidth of subframe 502, with some subcarriers illustrated above and below RB 508. In this given implementation, subframe 502 can have a bandwidth corresponding to any number of one or more RBs 508. Furthermore, in this illustration, RB 508 is shown occupying less than the entire duration of subframe 502, although this is merely one possible example.

[0088] Each 1ms subframe 502 can consist of one or more adjacent time slots. Figure 5In the example shown, as an illustrative example, a subframe 502 includes four time slots 510. In some examples, time slots can be defined based on a specified number of OFDM symbols with a given cyclic prefix (CP) length. For example, a time slot may include 7 or 14 OFDM symbols with a nominal CP. Additional examples may include micro-time slots, sometimes called shortened transmission time intervals (TTIs), with a shorter duration (e.g., one to three OFDM symbols). These micro-time slots or shortened transmission time intervals (TTIs) may, in some cases, occupy resources scheduled for ongoing time slot transmissions by the same or different UEs. Any number of resource blocks can be used within a subframe or time slot.

[0089] An expanded view of one of the time slots 510 illustrates a time slot 510 including a control area 512 and a data area 514. Typically, the control area 512 can carry a control channel, and the data area 514 can carry a data channel. Of course, the time slot can contain all DLs, all ULs, or at least one DL portion and at least one UL portion. Figure 4 The simple structure shown in the diagram is merely exemplary and different time slot structures can be used, and time slots can include one or more of each of the control region(s) and the data region(s).

[0090] although Figure 5 While not illustrated, the various REs 506 within RB 508 can be scheduled to carry one or more physical channels, including control channels, shared channels, data channels, etc. Other REs 506 within RB 508 can also carry pilot or reference signals. These pilot or reference signals can be provided to the receiving equipment to perform channel estimation for the corresponding channel, enabling coherent demodulation / detection of the control and / or data channels within RB 508.

[0091] In some examples, time slot 510 can be used for broadcast or unicast communication. For example, broadcast, multicast, or multi-cast communication can refer to point-to-multipoint transmission from one device (e.g., a base station, UE, or other similar device) to other devices. Here, broadcast communication is delivered to all devices, while multicast communication is delivered to multiple intended receiving devices. Unicast communication can refer to point-to-point transmission from one device to a single other device.

[0092] In an example of cellular communication over a cellular carrier via the Uu interface, for DL ​​transmission, a scheduling entity (e.g., a base station) may allocate one or more REs 506 (e.g., within control area 512) to one or more scheduled entities (e.g., UEs) to carry DL control information, including one or more DL control channels, such as the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH). The PDCCH carries downlink control information (DCI), including but not limited to power control commands (e.g., one or more open-loop power control parameters and / or one or more closed-loop power control parameters), scheduling information, grants, and / or RE allocations for DL ​​and UL transmissions. The PDCCH may also carry HARQ feedback transmissions, such as acknowledgment (ACK) or negative acknowledgment (NACK). HARQ is a technique well-known to those skilled in the art, where the integrity of packet transmissions can be verified at the receiving side to ensure accuracy, for example, using any suitable integrity verification mechanism, such as checksums or cyclic redundancy check (CRC). If the integrity of the transmission is confirmed, an ACK can be sent, while if not, a NACK can be sent. In response to a NACK, the transmitting device can send a HARQ retransmission, which enables append-gathering, incremental redundancy, etc.

[0093] The base station may further allocate one or more REs 506 (e.g., in control area 512 or data area 514) to carry other DL signals, such as demodulation reference signals (DMRS); phase tracking reference signals (PT-RS); channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RS); primary synchronization signals (PSS); and secondary synchronization signals (SSS). The UE can utilize PSS and SSS to achieve radio frame, subframe, time slot, and symbol synchronization in the time domain, identify the center of the channel (system) bandwidth in the frequency domain, and identify the physical cell identifier (PCI) of the cell. The synchronization signals PSS and SSS, and in some examples, PBCH and PBCHDMRS, may be transmitted in a synchronization signal block (SSB). PBCH may also include a main information block (MIB), which includes various system information and parameters for decoding the system information block (SIB). The SIB may be, for example, SystemInformationType 1 (SIB1) which may include various additional system information. Examples of system information transmitted in the MIB may include, but are not limited to, subcarrier spacing, system frame number, configuration of the PDCCH control resource set (CORESET) (e.g., PDCCH CORESET0), and the search space of SIB1. Examples of additional system information transmitted in SIB1 may include, but are not limited to, random access search space, downlink configuration information, and uplink configuration information. Together, the MIB and SIB1 provide minimum system information (SI) for initial access.

[0094] In UL transmission, the scheduled entity (e.g., the UE) may use one or more RE 506s to carry UL control information (UCI) to the scheduling entity, including one or more UL control channels (such as the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)). UCIs may include various packet types and categories, including pilots, reference signals, and information configured to enable or assist in decoding uplink data transmission. In some examples, a UCI may include a scheduling request (SR), requesting the scheduling entity to schedule uplink transmission. Here, in response to an SR transmitted on the UCI, the scheduling entity may send downlink control information (DCI), which can schedule resources for uplink packet transmission. UCIs may also include HARQ feedback, channel state feedback (CSF), such as CSI reports, or any other suitable UCI.

[0095] In addition to control information, one or more REs 506 (e.g., within data area 514) can be allocated for data services. Such data services can be carried on one or more service channels, such as the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) for DL ​​transmissions, or the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) for UL transmissions. In some examples, one or more REs 506 within data area 514 can be configured to carry other signals, such as one or more SIBs and DMRS.

[0096] In an example of sidelink communication on a sidelink carrier via the PC5 interface, the control area 512 of time slot 510 may include a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), which includes sidelink control information (SCI) transmitted by the initiating (transmitting) sidelink device (e.g., V2X or other sidelink device) toward a set of one or more other receiving sidelink devices. The data area 514 of time slot 510 may include a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), which includes sidelink data traffic transmitted by the initiating (transmitting) sidelink device within resources reserved on the sidelink carrier by the transmitting sidelink device via the SCI. Other information may also be transmitted via various REs 506 within time slot 510. For example, HARQ feedback information may be transmitted from the receiving sidelink device to the transmitting sidelink device in the physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) within time slot 510. Furthermore, one or more reference signals (such as sidelink SSB and / or sidelink CSI-RS) may be transmitted within time slot 510.

[0097] The physical channels described above are typically multiplexed and mapped to transport channels for processing at the Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The transport channel carries blocks of information called transport blocks (TBs). The transport block size (TBS), which corresponds to the number of bits of information, can be a controlled parameter based on the modulation and decoding scheme (MCS) and the number of redundancies (RBs) used in a given transmission.

[0098] Figure 5 The channels or carriers illustrated are not necessarily all channels or carriers that can be used between devices, and those skilled in the art will recognize that other channels or carriers, such as other service, control, and feedback channels, may be used in addition to those shown.

[0099] Frequency modulation reservation (PMR) is a distortion-free peak-to-average power (PAPR) reduction technique designed to modify the time-domain characteristics of a signal by optimizing the value of a specified PRT. Typically, there may be no overlap between the PRT and the data frequency modulation. The receiver may not need to decode the PRT, but only know its location. The optimal amplitude and phase of the PRT may be highly data-dependent, but the index may not be.

[0100] In some examples, a remote UE may be outside coverage, preventing it from communicating directly with the base station on the uplink. The UE can communicate with the base station via a PC5 connection through a relay entity (e.g., another UE). In other examples, the remote UE may be within coverage and have dual uplink connections with both the base station and a relay UE. The remote UE communicates with the base station via the uplink and with the relay entity via the PC5 connection. To support sidelink (PC5) communication, PRT resources can be allocated by the base station. In this case, the base station can allocate one or more PRT resources for sidelink communication between UEs. In some aspects, the UE can autonomously select or allocate PRT resources for sidelink communication between UEs. In some aspects, signaling on the sidelink can be identical between the two nodes, so that from the receiver's perspective, there is no difference between the two nodes. In some examples, New Radio (NR) sidelink communication supports transmission based on Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ).

[0101] Various aspects of this disclosure relate to frequency modulation reservation. For example, a base station may generate and send to a user equipment (UE) an indication of one or more Peak Reduced Frequency Modulation (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals to the base station. The UE may receive an indication and a relay availability message indicating that a relay entity is available to receive one or more signals from the UE via a sidelink using one or more PRT resources. The UE generates a first signal for transmission to the base station and transmits the first signal to the base station on the uplink. The UE also generates a second signal for reception by the base station. The UE uses one or more PRT resources to transmit the second signal to the relay entity on the sidelink. The relay entity receives the second signal and relays or transmits the second signal to the base station on the uplink.

[0102] Figure 6 This is a signaling diagram illustrating an example of frequency modulation retention based on certain aspects. Figure 6 In the example shown, base station 602 (e.g., RAN node) wirelessly communicates with user equipment (UE) 604 (e.g., wireless communication device) and relay entity 606 (e.g., another wireless communication device) via access links. Each of base station 602, UE 604, and relay entity 606 may correspond to Figures 1-4 Any of the entities shown, gNodeB, UE, V2X device, or D2D device.

[0103] At 608, a base station 602, which may be transmitting a wireless communication device, may generate an indication of one or more Peak Reduced Frequency Modulation (PRT) resources for receiving one or more signals by the base station. As described herein, one or more PRT resources may be used for sidelink communication between UE 604 and relay entity 606. Additionally or alternatively, one or more PRT resources may be used for sidelink communication between relay entity 606 and one or more other relay entities. Additionally or alternatively, one or more PRT resources may be used for uplink communication between UE 604 and base station 602. Additionally or alternatively, one or more PRT resources may be used for uplink communication between one or more relay entities and base station 602. In some examples, one or more PRT resources may be used for sidelink communication between base station 602 and UE 604 when direct communication (uplink or downlink) is unavailable, intermittent, or below a threshold strength or quality.

[0104] In some aspects, such as this article's discussion Figure 7A and Figure 7BFurther discussion suggests that one or more PRT resources may include one or more sub-channels. In some aspects, one or more PRT resources may include any set of one or more allocated resources. For example, one or more allocated resources may include one or more integer multiples of one or more sub-channels. In some aspects, each of the one or more PRT resources may include an optimized PRT value. In some aspects, the value of each PRT resource in one or more PRT resources may be optimized based on waveform. In some aspects, the location of each PRT resource in one or more PRT resources may be allocated according to a fixed pseudo-random pattern. For example, the location of each PRT resource in one or more PRT resources may be allocated according to a fixed pseudo-random pattern determined based on the Columbus scale. In some examples, these patterns may be known to both base station 602 and UE 604. (See also: Regarding...) Figure 8A and Figure 8B Further discussion suggests that each of one or more PRT resources may utilize sideband PRT resource allocation or in-band PRT resource allocation.

[0105] At point 610, base station 602 sends an indication of one or more PRT resources to UE 604. In some aspects, base station 602 may use a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) of the PDCCH) to send the indication of one or more PRT resources to UE 604. For example, base station 602 may have an established link with UE 604, such that base station 602 and UE 604 are transmitting data packets to each other. During such communication, base station 602 may use the PDCCH to send one or more PRT resources to the UE. In some aspects, base station 602 may use a Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (MAC-CE), Radio Access Network (RAN) MAC-CE, RAN Radio Resource Control (RRC) messages, etc., to send the indication of one or more PRT resources.

[0106] At position 612, UE 604 receives a relay availability message from relay entity 606. The relay availability message informs UE 604 that relay entity 606 is available to receive signals from UE 604 and to transmit those signals for reception by base station 602. UE 604 may receive the relay availability message from relay entity 606 before, simultaneously with, or after UE 604 receives an indication for one or more PRT resources from base station 602. (See the document regarding...) Figure 9Further discussion suggests that the relay availability message could be a solicitation message received from relay entity 606. In response to UE 604 receiving the solicitation message from relay entity 606, UE 604 can send a response (e.g., an acknowledgment response) to relay entity 606 to notify UE 604 that UE 604 is aware that relay entity 606 is available for signal relaying. (See the section on...) Figure 10 As further described, the relay availability message can be an announcement message received from relay entity 606. In response to UE 604 receiving the announcement message from relay entity 606, UE 604 can simply send one or more signals to relay entity 606 without any additional acknowledgment.

[0107] At 614, UE 604 can generate a first signal for transmission to base station 602. The first signal can be, for example, a discovery signal or a data signal. At 616, UE 604 can transmit the first signal to base station 602. For example, UE 604 can transmit the first signal to base station 602 on the uplink. In some examples, UE 604 can utilize one or more PRT resources provided in the indication to transmit the first signal to base station 602 on the uplink.

[0108] At 618, UE 604 can generate a second signal for reception by base station 602. The second signal can be, for example, a discovery signal or a data signal (e.g., a data communication signal). In some aspects, the second signal can be the same as the first signal. For example, the first signal can be a discovery signal and the second signal can be the same discovery signal as the first signal. As another example, the first signal can be a data signal and the second signal can be another data signal (e.g., the same type of signal, but a different signal). When the first signal and the second signal are the same signal (e.g., completely identical signals), UE 604 can send the first signal to base station 602 and send the second signal to relay entity 606 for reception by base station 602, thus increasing the chance that the intended message contained in the first and second signals will be received by base station 602.

[0109] In some respects, the second signal is a signal different from the first signal. For example, the first signal may be a first discovery signal, and the second signal may be a second discovery signal that is different from the first signal. As another example, the first signal may be a discovery signal and the second signal may be a data signal. When the first signal and the second signal are different signals, UE 604 may send the first signal to base station 602 and send the second signal to relay entity 606 for reception by base station 602.

[0110] At 620, UE 604 may use one or more PRT resources to transmit a second signal. For example, UE 604 may use one or more PRT resources on a sidelink to transmit a second signal to relay entity 606. In some aspects, upon receiving a second signal, relay entity 606 may relay or transmit the second signal to base station 602 on the uplink. As another example, UE 604 may use one or more PRT resources on a sidelink to transmit a second signal to multiple relay entities. In some aspects, upon receiving a second signal, each relay entity may relay or transmit the second signal to base station 602 on the uplink. As yet another example, UE 604 may use one or more PRT resources on a sidelink to transmit a second signal to relay entity 606, such that relay entity 606 transmits the second signal to another relay entity on the sidelink. In some aspects, upon receiving a second signal on a sidelink, another relay entity may relay or transmit the second signal to base station 602 on the uplink.

[0111] At 622, relay entity 606 can send a second signal to base station 602. For example, when receiving a second signal from UE 604 using one or more PRT resources, relay entity 606 can send the second signal to base station 602. As another example, when receiving a second signal from UE 604 using one or more PRT resources, each of the plurality of relay entities can send the second signal to base station 602. As yet another example, when receiving a second signal from UE 604 using one or more PRT resources, relay entity 606 can send the second signal to another relay entity, which in turn sends the second signal to base station 602.

[0112] In some aspects, after UE 604 transmits a second signal to relay entity 606 using one or more PRT resources on a sidelink, UE 604 may receive another indication for one or more PRT resources for transmitting one or more additional signals to base station 602. In this example, UE 604 may generate and transmit one or more additional signals to base station 602 on the uplink and / or to one or more relay entities on the sidelink. UE 604 may utilize the one or more PRT resources indicated in the other indication to transmit one or more additional signals. In some examples, each of the one or more additional signals may be a discovery signal or a data signal.

[0113] Figure 7A and Figure 7B This is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame structure used for frequency modulation reservation, based on several aspects. For example... Figure 7AAs shown, frame structure 700 includes multiple sub-channels. First sub-channel 702 and third sub-channel 706 include PRT resources. Second sub-channel 704 includes data. Figure 7B As shown, frame structure 750 includes multiple sub-channels. Each sub-channel includes both PRT resources and data. For example, a first sub-channel includes a first dataset 752, a first PRT resource 754, a second dataset 756, a second PRT resource 758, and a third dataset 760. Another sub-channel includes a fourth dataset 762, a third PRT resource 764, a fifth dataset 766, a fourth PRT resource 768, and a sixth dataset 770. In some aspects, only the allocated resources transmitted by the UE are integer multiples of the sub-channels. In some aspects, the PRT resources can be any subset of the allocated resources.

[0114] Figure 8A and Figure 8B This is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame structure used for frequency modulation reservation, based on several aspects. For example... Figure 8A As shown, frame structure 800 includes the locations of PRT resources and data. In frame structure 800, PRT resource locations 802 and 806 are allocated in the sideband on either side of data location 804. Figure 8B As shown, frame structure 850 also includes the locations of PRT resources and data. In frame structure 850, PRT resource locations 854, 858, and 862 are allocated within the data locations 852, 856, 860, and 864. Frequency modulation reservation is a distortionless peak-to-average power (PAPR) reduction technique designed to modify the time-domain characteristics of a signal by optimizing the value of a specified PRT. Typically, there may be no overlap between the PRT and the data frequency modulation. The receiver may not need to decode the PRT, but only know its location. The optimal amplitude and phase of the PRT may be highly data-dependent, but the index may not be. In some respects, the location of the PRT can be fixed according to a pseudo-random pattern such as the Columbus scale. These patterns can be known to both the base station and the UE.

[0115] Figure 9 This is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of relay entity communication for frequency modulation reservation, based on several aspects. Typically, for New Radio (NR) sidelink communication, a relay (e.g., a UE acting as a relay, announcer, or discoverer) can send a discovery signal via the Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) to announce that the UE can operate as a relay. Furthermore, the UE can send PC5 communication (e.g., sidelink communication) to another relay or a remote relay via the PSSCH. It should be understood that the PSSCH used for discovery and the PSSCH used for communication can have the same structure, such that the network may only be able to determine whether the PSSCH is used for communication or discovery at the upper network layer.

[0116] like Figure 9 As shown, relay entity 902 (e.g., discoverer) may send a first message 912 to a first UE 904. Relay entity 902 may also send a second message 914 to a second UE 906. Furthermore, relay entity 902 may send a third message 916 to a third UE 908. Furthermore, relay entity 902 may send a fourth message 918 to a fourth UE 910. Each of the first message 912, second message 914, third message 916, and fourth message 918 may include a solicitation issued by relay entity 902 to each of the respective UEs, inquiring whether the UE wishes to use the relay entity as a relay to receive one or more signals for transmission to a base station via sidelink communication (e.g., PC5) using one or more PRT resources. In some aspects, each of the first message 912, second message 914, third message 916, and fourth message 918 may be a solicitation message or a relay availability message as described herein. Relay entity 902 can be a discoverer, and each of the first UE 904, the second UE 906, the third UE 908, and the fourth UE 910 can be a discoverer.

[0117] In response to receiving the first message 912, the first UE 904 may send a first response message 920 to the relay entity 902 to confirm whether the first UE 904 wishes to use one or more PRT resources to send one or more signals to the relay entity 902 on the side link for transmission to the base station. Similarly, in response to receiving the second message 914, the second UE 906 may send a second response message 922 to the relay entity 902 to confirm whether the second UE 906 wishes to use one or more PRT resources to send one or more signals to the relay entity 902 on the side link for transmission to the base station. Furthermore, in response to receiving the third message 916, the third UE 908 may send a third response message 924 to the relay entity 902 to confirm whether the third UE 908 wishes to use one or more PRT resources to send one or more signals to the relay entity 902 on the side link for transmission to the base station. Furthermore, in response to receiving the fourth message 918, the fourth UE 910 may send a fourth response message 926 to the relay entity 902 to confirm whether the fourth UE 910 wishes to utilize one or more PRT resources to send one or more signals to the relay entity 902 on the sidelink for transmission to the base station. Each of the relay entity 902, the first UE 904, the second UE 906, the third UE 908, and the fourth UE 910 may correspond to Figures 1 to 4 and Figure 6 Any of the entities shown, gNodeB, UE, V2X device, or D2D device.

[0118] Figure 10This is another conceptual diagram illustrating an example of relay entity communication for frequency modulation reservation, based on some aspects. (See diagram for example.) Figure 10 As shown, relay entity 1002 may send a first message 1012 to a first UE 1004. Relay entity 1002 may also send a second message 1014 to a second UE 1006. Furthermore, relay entity 1002 may send a third message 1016 to a third UE 1008. Furthermore, relay entity 1002 may send a fourth message 1018 to a fourth UE 1010. Each of the first message 1012, second message 1014, third message 1016, and fourth message 1018 may include a notification issued by relay entity 1002 to each of the respective UEs, for notifying the UE that the relay entity is available to receive one or more signals via sidelink communication (e.g., PC5) using one or more PRT resources, and for transmitting or relaying one or more signals for reception by a base station. In some aspects, each of the first message 1012, second message 1014, third message 1016, and fourth message 1018 may be a notification message or a relay availability message as described herein. Relay entity 1002 can be an announcement entity, and each of the first UE 1004, the second UE 1006, the third UE 1008, and the fourth UE 1010 can be a monitoring entity. Each of relay entity 1002, the first UE 1004, the second UE 1006, the third UE 1008, and the fourth UE 1010 can correspond to Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 9 Any of the entities shown, gNodeB, UE, V2X device, or D2D device.

[0119] Figure 11 This is another signaling diagram illustrating an example of frequency modulation reservations based on certain aspects. Figure 11 In the example shown, base station 1102 (e.g., RAN node) wirelessly communicates with user equipment (UE) 1104 (e.g., wireless communication device) and relay entity 1106 (e.g., another wireless communication device) via access links. Each of base station 1102, UE 1104, and relay entity 1106 can correspond to Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 Any of the entities shown, gNodeB, UE, V2X device, or D2D device.

[0120] At 1108, base station 1102, which transmits wireless communication equipment, may send a message to UE 1104. For example, this message may be a discovery message or a data message (e.g., a data communication message). At 1110, UE 1104 may receive an indication from relay entity 1106 that it is available to relay one or more signals. Step 1110 may be related to... Figure 6 The illustrated step 612 is the same or may be at least similar. In some aspects, before, simultaneously with or after UE 1104 receives a message at 1108, UE 1104 may receive an indication that relay entity 1106 may be used to relay one or more signals.

[0121] At 1112, UE 1104 may allocate one or more Peak Reduced Frequency Modulation (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals to be received by base station 1102. As described herein, one or more PRT resources may be used for sidelink communication between UE 1104 and relay entity 1106. Additionally or alternatively, one or more PRT resources may be used for sidelink communication between relay entity 1106 and one or more other relay entities. Additionally or alternatively, one or more PRT resources may be used for uplink communication between base station 1102 and UE 1104. Additionally or alternatively, one or more PRT resources may be used for uplink communication between base station 1102 and one or more relay entities. In some examples, one or more PRT resources may be used for sidelink communication between base station 1102 and UE 1104 when direct communication (uplink or downlink) is unavailable, intermittent, or below a threshold strength or quality.

[0122] In some aspects, such as this article's discussion Figure 7A and Figure 7B The discussion focuses on one or more PRT resources, which may include one or more sub-channels. In some aspects, one or more PRT resources may include any set of one or more allocated resources. For example, one or more allocated resources may include one or more integer multiples of one or more sub-channels. In some aspects, each of the one or more PRT resources may include an optimized PRT value. In some aspects, each of the one or more PRT resources may be allocated according to a fixed pseudo-random pattern. For example, each of the one or more PRT resources may be allocated according to a fixed pseudo-random pattern determined based on the Columbus scale. In some examples, these patterns may be known to both base station 1102 and UE 1104. (See also: Regarding...) Figure 8A and Figure 8B Each of the one or more PRT resources discussed can utilize sideband PRT resource allocation or in-band PRT resource allocation.

[0123] At step 1114, UE 1104 can generate a first signal for transmission to base station 602. Step 1114 can be combined with... Figure 6 The illustrated step 614 is the same as or at least similar to this step. The first signal may be, for example, a discovery signal or a data signal. At step 1116, the UE 604 may send the first signal to the base station 1102. Step 1116 may be similar to... Figure 6 The illustrated step 616 is the same as or at least similar to this step. At 1118, UE 1104 can generate a second signal for reception by base station 1102. Step 1116 can be the same as... Figure 6 The illustrated step 616 is the same as or at least similar to this step. At 1120, UE 1104 can use one or more PRT resources to transmit a second signal. Step 1120 can be related to... Figure 6 The illustrated step 620 is the same as or at least similar to this step. At 1122, relay entity 1106 can send a second signal to base station 1102. Step 1122 can be the same as... Figure 6 The illustrated step 622 is the same as or at least similar to it.

[0124] In some aspects, after UE 1104 transmits a second signal to relay entity 1106 using one or more PRT resources on a sidelink, UE 1104 may receive another indication for one or more PRT resources for transmitting one or more additional signals to base station 1102. In this example, UE 1104 may generate and transmit one or more additional signals to base station 1102 on the uplink and / or to one or more relay entities on the sidelink. UE 1104 may utilize the one or more PRT resources indicated in the other indication to transmit one or more additional signals. In some examples, each of the one or more additional signals may be a discovery signal or a data signal.

[0125] Figure 12 This is a block diagram illustrating an example hardware implementation of a wireless communication device or user equipment (UE) 1200 employing a processing system 1214. For example, UE 1200 may be in... Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 Any one of the UEs illustrated in any one or more of the diagrams.

[0126] UE 1200 can be implemented using a processing system 1214 that includes one or more processors 1204. Examples of processors 1204 include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSPs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuitry, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functions described throughout this disclosure. In various examples, UE 1200 can be configured to perform any one or more functions described herein. That is, processor 1204, as used in UE 1200, can be used to implement any one or more processes described herein. Processor 1204 may be implemented via a baseband or modem chip in some cases, and in other embodiments, processor 1204 itself may include multiple devices distinct from and different from the baseband or modem chip (e.g., in such scenarios they may work together to implement the aspects discussed herein). And as mentioned above, various hardware arrangements and components other than baseband modem processors can be used in embodiments, including RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.

[0127] In this example, the processing system 1214 can be implemented using a bus architecture, generally represented by bus 1202. Bus 1202 may include any number of interconnect buses and bridges, depending on the specific application and overall design constraints of the processing system 1214. Bus 1202 communicatively couples together various circuits including one or more processors (generally represented by processor 1204) and computer-readable media (generally represented by computer-readable storage media 1206). Bus 1202 may also link various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripheral devices, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and will therefore not be described further. Bus interface 1208 provides an interface between bus 1202 and transceiver 1210. Transceiver 1210 provides means for communicating with various other devices via a transmission medium (e.g., an air interface). User interface 1212 (e.g., keypad, display, speaker, microphone, joystick) may also be provided.

[0128] Processor 1204 is responsible for managing bus 1202 and general-purpose processing, including executing software stored on computer-readable storage medium 1206. When the software is executed by processor 1204, it causes processing system 1214 to perform the various functions described herein with respect to any particular device. Computer-readable storage medium 1206 can also be used to store data manipulated by processor 1204 while executing the software.

[0129] One or more processors 1204 in the processing system can execute software. Software should be interpreted broadly as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subroutines, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or other names. Software may reside on computer-readable storage medium 1206.

[0130] Computer-readable storage medium 1206 may be a non-transitory computer-readable medium. As examples, non-transitory computer-readable media include magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, magnetic stripes), optical disks (e.g., compact discs (CDs) or digital versatile discs (DVDs)), smart cards, flash memory devices (e.g., card, stick, or key drives), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), registers, removable disks, and any other suitable medium for storing software and / or instructions accessible and readable by a computer. Computer-readable storage medium 1206 may reside in, outside of, or be distributed across multiple entities including processing system 1214. Computer-readable storage medium 1206 may be embodied in a computer program product. As an example, a computer program product may include a computer-readable medium within encapsulation material. Those skilled in the art will recognize that how best to implement the functionality described throughout this disclosure depends on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the system as a whole.

[0131] In some aspects of this disclosure, processor 1204 may include circuitry configured for various functions. Processor 1204 may include generation circuitry 1240 configured to generate a first signal for transmission to a base station on an uplink. Generation circuitry 1240 may also be configured to generate a second signal for transmission to a relay entity on a sidelink utilizing one or more PRT resources. Generation circuitry 1240 may be configured to execute generation instructions 1250 stored in computer-readable storage medium 1206 to implement any of the one or more functions described herein.

[0132] Processor 1204 may further include receiving circuitry 1242 configured to receive an indication of one or more Peak-Down-Tone (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals to a base station. Receiving circuitry 1242 may also be configured to receive another indication of one or more PRT resources for transmitting one or more signals to a base station. Receiving circuitry 1242 may also be configured to receive an availability message indicating that a relay entity is available to relay a second signal transmitted via a sidelink. Furthermore, receiving circuitry 1242 may be configured to receive an availability message indicating that a relay entity is available to relay a second signal transmitted via a sidelink. Receiving circuitry 1242 may be configured to receive an indication that a relay entity is available to relay one or more signals received via a sidelink. Receiving circuitry 1242 may be configured to execute receiving instructions 1252 stored in computer-readable storage medium 1206 to implement any of the one or more functions described herein.

[0133] The processor 1204 may further include a transmitting circuit 1244 configured to transmit a first signal to a base station on an uplink. The transmitting circuit 1244 may be configured to transmit a second signal to a relay entity on a sidelink for reception by the base station. The transmitting circuit 1244 may be configured to transmit the first signal to the base station on an uplink using one or more PRT resources. The transmitting circuit 1244 may be configured to transmit a data communication signal to a relay entity on a sidelink for reception by the base station, wherein the data communication signal is transmitted on the sidelink using one or more PRT resources. The transmitting circuit 1244 may be configured to transmit a data communication signal to a relay entity on a sidelink for reception by the base station, wherein the data communication signal is transmitted on the sidelink using one or more different PRT resources. The transmitting circuit 1244 may be configured to transmit a second signal to a second relay entity on a sidelink for reception by the base station, wherein the second signal is transmitted to the second relay entity on the sidelink using one or more PRT resources. The transmitting circuit 1244 can be configured to transmit a third signal to a third relay entity on a side link for reception by a base station, wherein the third signal is transmitted to the third relay entity on the side link using one or more PRT resources. The transmitting circuit 1244 can be configured to execute a transmitting instruction 1254 stored in a computer-readable storage medium 1206 to implement any one of the functions described herein.

[0134] Furthermore, processor 1204 may also include allocation circuitry 1246 configured to allocate one or more Peak Downsampling (PRT) resources for transmitting at least one of one or more signals on a side link. Allocation circuitry 1246 may also be configured to allocate one or more different PRT resources for transmitting data communication signals for a base station. Allocation circuitry 1246 may be configured to execute allocation instructions 1256 stored in computer-readable storage medium 1206 to implement any of the one or more functions described herein.

[0135] Figure 13 This is a flowchart of a method for frequency modulation preservation according to some aspects. As described below, some or all of the illustrated features may be omitted in certain embodiments within the scope of this disclosure, and some illustrated features may not be necessary for all aspects of the implementation. In some examples, the method may be as described above and Figure 12 The UE 1200 illustrated herein is executed by a processor or processing system, or by any suitable component used to perform the described functions.

[0136] At block 1302, UE 1200 receives an indication of one or more Peak Reduced Frequency Modulation (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals to a base station. For example, the UE may receive the indication of one or more PRT resources from the base station using a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) of the PDCCH). For example, the base station and the UE may have an established link such that the base station and the UE are transmitting data packets to each other. During such communication, the base station may use the PDCCH to transmit one or more PRT resources to the UE. In some aspects, the base station may use a Media Access Control (MAC) Control Element (MAC-CE), a Radio Access Network (RAN) MAC-CE, a RAN Radio Resource Control (RRC) message, etc., to transmit the indication of one or more PRT resources.

[0137] At box 1304, UE 1200 receives an availability message indicating that a relay entity is available to relay at least one of one or more signals for reception by a base station. For example, the relay availability message informs the UE that the relay entity is available to receive signals from the UE and transmit signals for reception by the base station. The UE may receive the relay availability message from the relay entity before, simultaneously with, or after the UE receives an indication of one or more PRT resources from the base station. (See also the section on...) Figure 9 The relay availability message discussed here can be a solicitation message received from a relay entity. In response to the UE receiving the solicitation message from the relay entity, the UE can send a response (e.g., an acknowledgment response) to notify the relay entity that the UE knows the relay entity is available for signal relaying. (See the section on...) Figure 10As described, a relay availability message can be an announcement message received from a relay entity. In response to the UE receiving an announcement message from the relay entity, the UE can simply send one or more signals to the relay entity without any additional acknowledgment.

[0138] At block 1306, UE 1200 generates a first signal for transmission to the base station. For example, the first signal may be, for instance, a discovery signal or a data signal. At block 1308, UE 1200 transmits the first signal to the base station. For example, the UE may transmit the first signal to the base station on the uplink. In some examples, the UE may utilize one or more PRT resources provided in the indication to transmit the first signal to the base station on the uplink.

[0139] At box 1310, UE 1200 generates a second signal for reception by the base station. For example, the second signal may be, for instance, a discovery signal or a data signal (e.g., a data communication signal). In some aspects, the second signal may be the same as the first signal. For example, the first signal may be a discovery signal, and the second signal may be the same discovery signal as the first signal. As another example, the first signal may be a data signal, and the second signal may be another data signal (e.g., a signal of the same type, but a different signal). When the first signal and the second signal are the same signal (e.g., completely identical signals), the UE may send the first signal to the base station and the second signal to a relay entity for reception by the base station, thus increasing the chance that the intended message contained in the first and second signals will be received by the base station.

[0140] In some respects, the second signal is a signal different from the first signal. For example, the first signal may be a first discovery signal, and the second signal may be a second discovery signal that is different from the first signal. As another example, the first signal may be a discovery signal, and the second signal may be a data signal. When the first signal and the second signal are different signals, the UE may send the first signal to the base station and send the second signal to the relay entity for reception by the base station.

[0141] At box 1312, UE 1200 uses one or more PRT resources to transmit a second signal to a relay entity for reception by the base station. For example, the UE may use one or more PRT resources on a sidelink to transmit the second signal to a relay entity. In some aspects, after receiving the second signal, the relay entity may relay or transmit the second signal to the base station on the uplink. As another example, the UE may use one or more PRT resources on a sidelink to transmit the second signal to multiple relay entities. In some aspects, after receiving the second signal, each of the relay entities may relay or transmit the second signal to the base station on the uplink. As yet another example, the UE may use one or more PRT resources on a sidelink to transmit the second signal to a relay entity, such that the relay entity transmits the second signal to another relay entity on the sidelink. In some aspects, after receiving the second signal on a sidelink, another relay entity may relay or transmit the second signal to the base station on the uplink. In some aspects, after receiving the second signal from UE 604 using one or more PRT resources, the relay entity may transmit the second signal to the base station. As another example, after receiving a second signal from a UE using one or more PRT resources, each of the plurality of relay entities may transmit the second signal to a base station. As yet another example, after receiving a second signal from a UE using one or more PRT resources, a relay entity may transmit the second signal to another relay entity, which in turn transmits the second signal to a base station.

[0142] In some aspects, after the UE transmits a second signal to a relay entity using one or more PRT resources on a sidelink, the UE may receive another indication for one or more PRT resources used to transmit one or more additional signals to a base station. In this example, the UE may generate and transmit one or more additional signals to a base station on the uplink and / or to one or more relay entities on the sidelink. The UE may utilize the one or more PRT resources indicated in the other indication to transmit one or more additional signals. In some examples, each of the one or more additional signals may be a discovery signal or a data signal.

[0143] Figure 14 This is another flowchart of a method for frequency modulation reservation based on some aspects. As described below, some or all of the illustrated features may be omitted in certain embodiments within the scope of this disclosure, and some illustrated features may not be necessary for all aspects of the implementation. In some examples, the method may be as described above and Figure 12 The UE 1200 illustrated herein is executed by a processor or processing system, or by any suitable component used to perform the described functions.

[0144] At box 1402, UE 1200 receives a message from the base station. This message may be a discovery message or a data message (e.g., a data communication message). At box 1404, UE 1200 receives an indication from a relay entity that it can use to relay one or more signals for reception by the base station. Box 1404 can be related to... Figure 13 The boxes in box 1304 are the same or at least similar.

[0145] At box 1406, UE 1200 allocates one or more Peak Reduced Frequency Modulation (PRT) resources for the transmission of at least one of one or more signals. As described herein, one or more PRT resources may be used for sidelink communication between the UE and a relay entity. Additionally or alternatively, one or more PRT resources may be used for sidelink communication between the relay entity and one or more other relay entities. Additionally or alternatively, one or more PRT resources may be used for uplink communication between the base station and the UE. Additionally or alternatively, one or more PRT resources may be used for uplink communication between the base station and one or more relay entities. In some examples, one or more PRT resources may be used for sidelink communication between the base station and the UE when direct communication (uplink or downlink) is unavailable, intermittent, or below a threshold strength or quality.

[0146] In some aspects, such as this article's discussion Figure 7A and Figure 7B The one or more PRT resources discussed may include one or more sub-channels. In some aspects, the one or more PRT resources may include any set of one or more allocated resources. For example, one or more allocated resources may include one or more integer multiples of one or more sub-channels. In some aspects, each of the one or more PRT resources may include an optimized PRT value. In some aspects, each of the one or more PRT resources may be allocated according to a fixed pseudo-random pattern. For example, each of the one or more PRT resources may be allocated according to a fixed pseudo-random pattern determined based on the Columbus scale. In some examples, the pattern may be known to both the base station and the UE. As per this document regarding... Figure 8A and Figure 8B Each of the one or more PRT resources discussed can utilize sideband PRT resource allocation or in-band PRT resource allocation.

[0147] At box 1408, UE 1200 generates a first signal for transmission to the base station. Box 1408 can be connected to... Figure 13 The same as or at least similar to box 1306. At box 1410, UE 1200 sends a first signal to the base station. Box 1410 can be... Figure 13The same as or at least similar to box 1308. At box 1412, UE 1200 generates a second signal for reception by the base station. Box 1412 can be... Figure 13 The second signal is the same as or at least similar to box 1310. At box 1414, UE 1200 uses one or more PRT resources to transmit a second signal to a relay entity for reception by the base station. Box 1414 may be... Figure 13 The boxes 1312 are the same or at least similar.

[0148] Figure 15 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of a radio access network (RAN) node or base station 1500 employing a processing system 1514 according to some aspects. For example, base station 1500 may correspond to the one described above. Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 Any base station (e.g., gNB or eNB) shown and described in any one or more of these.

[0149] According to various aspects of this disclosure, an element, any portion of an element, or any combination of elements can be implemented using a processing system 1514 including one or more processors 1504. The processing system 1514 can be substantially integrated with... Figure 12 The processing system 1214 illustrated herein is identical, including a bus interface 1508, a bus 1502, a processor 1504, and a computer-readable storage medium 1506. Furthermore, the base station 1500 may include a user interface 1512 and a transceiver 1510, which are substantially similar to those described above. Figure 12 Those described herein. That is, the processor 1504, as used in base station 1500, can be used to implement any one or more of the processes described herein.

[0150] In some aspects of this disclosure, processor 1504 may include circuitry configured for various functions. For example, processor 1504 may include generation circuitry 1540 configured to generate indications for one or more Peak Reduced Frequency Modulation (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals by a scheduled entity. Generation circuitry 1540 may be configured to generate messages for transmission to a User Equipment (UE). Generation circuitry 1540 may be configured to execute generation instructions 1550 stored in computer-readable storage medium 1506 to implement any of the one or more functions described herein.

[0151] Processor 1504 may further include transmitting circuitry 1542 configured to transmit CSI-RS to the UE. Transmitting circuitry 1542 may be configured to transmit an indication of one or more Peak Reduced Frequency Modulation (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals by a scheduled entity. Transmitting circuitry 1542 may be configured to transmit another indication of one or more different PRT resources for transmitting data communication signals by a scheduled entity. Transmitting circuitry 1542 may be configured to transmit a message to the user equipment (UE). Transmitting circuitry 1542 may be configured to execute transmitting instructions 1552 stored in computer-readable storage medium 1506 to implement any of the one or more functions described herein.

[0152] Processor 1504 may further include receiving circuitry 1544 configured to receive a first signal from a scheduled entity and a second signal from a relay entity on an uplink, wherein the relay entity receives the second signal from the scheduled entity on a sidelink using one or more PRT resources. Receiving circuitry 1544 may be configured to receive a data communication signal from a relay entity on an uplink after receiving at least one of the first or second signals, wherein the relay entity receives the data communication signal from the scheduled entity on a sidelink using one or more PRT resources. Receiving circuitry 1544 may be configured to receive a data communication signal from a relay entity on an uplink after receiving at least one of the first or second signals, wherein the relay entity receives the data communication signal from the scheduled entity on a sidelink using one or more different PRT resources. Receiving circuitry 1544 may be configured to receive a second signal from a second relay entity on an uplink, wherein the second relay entity receives the second signal from the scheduled entity on a sidelink using one or more PRT resources. The receiving circuit 1544 can be configured to receive a third signal from a third relay entity on the uplink, wherein the third relay entity receives the third signal from a scheduled entity on the sidelink using one or more PRT resources. The receiving circuit 1544 can also be configured to receive a first signal from a UE and a second signal from a relay entity on the uplink, wherein the relay entity receives the second signal from the UE on the sidelink using one or more PRT resources. The receiving circuit 1544 can further be configured to execute a receiving instruction 1554 stored in a computer-readable storage medium 1506 to implement any one of the functions described herein.

[0153] Figure 16 This is a flowchart of a method for frequency modulation preservation according to some aspects. As described below, some or all of the illustrated features may be omitted in certain embodiments within the scope of this disclosure, and some illustrated features may not be necessary for all aspects of the implementation. In some examples, the method may be described as above and Figure 15The base station 1500 illustrated herein is executed by a processor or processing system, or by any suitable component for performing the described functions.

[0154] At block 1602, base station 1500 generates an indication of one or more Peak Reduced Frequency Modulation (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals to be received by the base station. As described herein, one or more PRT resources may be used for sidelink communication between the UE and a relay entity. Additionally or alternatively, one or more PRT resources may be used for sidelink communication between the relay entity and one or more other relay entities. Additionally or alternatively, one or more PRT resources may be used for uplink communication between the base station and the UE. Additionally or alternatively, one or more PRT resources may be used for uplink communication between the base station and one or more relay entities. In some examples, one or more PRT resources may be used for sidelink communication between the base station and the UE when direct communication (uplink or downlink) is unavailable, intermittent, or below a threshold strength or quality.

[0155] In some aspects, such as this article's discussion Figure 7A and Figure 7B Further discussion suggests that one or more PRT resources may include one or more sub-channels. In some aspects, one or more PRT resources may include any set of one or more allocated resources. For example, one or more allocated resources may include one or more integer multiples of one or more sub-channels. In some aspects, each of the one or more PRT resources may include an optimized PRT value. In some aspects, each of the one or more PRT resources may be allocated according to a fixed pseudo-random pattern. For example, each of the one or more PRT resources may be allocated according to a fixed pseudo-random pattern determined based on the Columbus scale. In some examples, the pattern may be known to both the base station and the UE. As discussed herein... Figure 8A and Figure 8B Further discussion suggests that each of one or more PRT resources may utilize sideband PRT resource allocation or in-band PRT resource allocation.

[0156] At box 1604, base station 1500 sends this indication to user equipment (UE). In some aspects, the base station may use a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) (e.g., downlink control information (DCI) of the PDCCH) to send an indication of one or more PRT resources to the UE. For example, the base station and the UE may have an established link, such that the base station and the UE are transmitting data packets to each other. During such communication, the base station may use the PDCCH to send one or more PRT resources to the UE. In some aspects, the base station may use a media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE), a radio access network (RAN) MAC-CE, a RAN radio resource control (RRC) message, etc., to send an indication of one or more PRT resources.

[0157] At block 1606, base station 1500 receives a first signal from UE. The first signal may be, for example, a discovery signal or a data signal. At block 1608, base station 1500 receives a second signal from relay entity, wherein the relay entity receives the second signal from UE on one or more PRT resources. The second signal may be, for example, a discovery signal or a data signal (e.g., a data communication signal). In some aspects, the second signal may be the same signal as the first signal. For example, the first signal may be a discovery signal, and the second signal may be the same discovery signal as the first signal. As another example, the first signal may be a data signal, and the second signal may be another data signal (e.g., a signal of the same type, but a different signal). When the first signal and the second signal are the same signal (e.g., completely identical signals), the UE may send the first signal to the base station and the second signal to the relay entity for reception by the base station, thereby increasing the chance that the intended message contained in the first and second signals will be received by the base station.

[0158] In some respects, the second signal is a signal different from the first signal. For example, the first signal may be a first discovery signal, and the second signal may be a second discovery signal that is different from the first signal. As another example, the first signal may be a discovery signal, and the second signal may be a data signal. When the first signal and the second signal are different signals, the UE may send the first signal to the base station and send the second signal to the relay entity for reception by the base station.

[0159] In some aspects, for a base station to receive a second signal, the UE can use one or more PRT resources on a sidelink to transmit the second signal to a relay entity. In some aspects, after receiving the second signal, the relay entity can relay or transmit the second signal to the base station on the uplink. As another example, the UE can use one or more PRT resources on a sidelink to transmit the second signal to multiple relay entities. In some aspects, after receiving the second signal, each of the relay entities can relay or transmit the second signal to the base station on the uplink. As yet another example, the UE can use one or more PRT resources on a sidelink to transmit the second signal to a relay entity, such that the relay entity transmits the second signal to another relay entity on the sidelink. In some aspects, after receiving the second signal on a sidelink, another relay entity can relay or transmit the second signal to the base station on the uplink.

[0160] Subsequently, the relay entity can transmit a second signal to the base station. For example, after receiving a second signal from the UE using one or more PRT resources, the relay entity can transmit the second signal to the base station. As another example, after receiving a second signal from the UE using one or more PRT resources, each of a plurality of relay entities can transmit the second signal to the base station. As yet another example, after receiving a second signal from the UE using one or more PRT resources, a relay entity can transmit the second signal to another relay entity, which in turn transmits the second signal to the base station.

[0161] In some aspects, after the base station receives the second signal from a relay entity, the base station may send another indication for one or more PRT resources for receiving one or more additional signals from the UE. In this example, the UE may generate and transmit one or more additional signals to the base station on the uplink and / or to one or more relay entities on the sidelink. The base station may utilize the one or more PRT resources indicated in the other indication to receive one or more additional signals. In some examples, each of the one or more additional signals may be a discovery signal or a data signal.

[0162] Figure 17 This is a flowchart of another method for frequency modulation reservation based on some aspects. As described below, some or all of the illustrated features may be omitted in certain embodiments within the scope of this disclosure, and some illustrated features may not be necessary for all aspects of the implementation. In some examples, the method may be as described above and Figure 15 The base station 1500 illustrated herein is executed by a processor or processing system, or by any suitable component for performing the described functions.

[0163] At box 1702, base station 1500 sends a message to user equipment (UE). For example, this message could be a discovery message or a data message (e.g., a data communication message). At box 1704, base station 1500 receives a first signal from the UE. Box 1704 can be related to... Figure 16 The second signal is the same as or at least similar to that in box 1606. In box 1706, base station 1500 receives a second signal from a relay entity, wherein the relay entity receives the second signal from the UE on one or more PRT resources. Box 1706 may be... Figure 16 The boxes in box 1608 are the same or at least similar.

[0164] Figure 18 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a frame structure 1800 for frequency modulation reservation, based on some aspects. For example... Figure 18 As shown, frame structure 1800 can be used for uplink communication and includes multiple sub-channels, including a first sub-channel 1802, a second sub-channel 1804, a third sub-channel 1806, and a fourth sub-channel 1808. Frame structure 1800 may also include multiple time slots, including a first time slot 1810 and a second time slot 1812. PRT resource 1814 can be offset from the first time slot 1810 and the second time slot 1812.

[0165] Sidelink communication can occur within transmit or receive resource pools. The smallest resource allocation unit can be a sub-channel on a frequency. In some aspects, time-based resource allocation can include a time slot. In some aspects, one or more time slots may not be available for sidelink communication. In some aspects, one or more time slots can contain feedback resources. Resource allocation in the sidelink can be configured using RRC signals. For example, resource allocation can be preloaded onto the UE. As another example, resource allocation can be provided from the base station to the UE.

[0166] Figure 19A , Figure 19B , Figure 19C and Figure 19D This is a chart illustrating example performance information reserved based on some aspects of frequency modulation. Figure 19A Figure 1900 illustrates the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) curves of PAPR versus dB for each symbol for the sixty-four data frequencies and the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) for each symbol. Line 1902 illustrates opt@cx1 and eval@cx1 with frequency modulation reduction. Line 1904 illustrates eval@cx1 without frequency modulation reduction. Line 1906 illustrates opt@cx1 and eval@cx2 with frequency modulation reduction. Figure 19BChart 1926 illustrates the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) curves of PAPR versus dB for each symbol for the ninety-six data frequencies and the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) for each symbol. Line 1928 illustrates opt@cx1 and eval@cx1 with frequency modulation reduction. Line 1930 illustrates eval@cx1 without frequency modulation reduction. Line 1932 illustrates opt@cx1 and eval@cx2 with frequency modulation reduction.

[0167] Figure 19C Chart 1950 illustrates the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) curves of PAPR versus decibels for each symbol for sixty-four data points and instantaneous PAPR. Line 1952 illustrates opt@cx1 and eval@cx1 with frequency modulation reduction. Line 1954 illustrates eval@cx1 without frequency modulation reduction. Line 1956 illustrates opt@cx1 and eval@cx2 with frequency modulation reduction. Figure 19D Figure 1976 illustrates the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) curves of PAPR versus decibels for each symbol for ninety-six data points and instantaneous PAPR. Line 1978 illustrates opt@cx1 and eval@cx1 with frequency modulation reduction. Line 1980 illustrates eval@cx1 without frequency modulation reduction. opt@cx1 and eval@cx2 with frequency modulation reduction may not be shown in Figure 1976.

[0168] The following provides an overview of several aspects of this disclosure.

[0169] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communication by a scheduled entity, comprising: receiving an indication of one or more Peak Down-Tone Frequency Modulation (PRT) resources for receiving one or more signals by a base station; transmitting a first signal to the base station on an uplink; and transmitting a second signal to a relay entity on a sidelink for reception by the base station, wherein the second signal is transmitted on the sidelink using one or more PRT resources.

[0170] Aspect 2: According to the method of aspect 1, wherein sending a first signal to a base station on the uplink includes: using one or more PRT resources to send a first signal to a base station on the uplink.

[0171] Aspect 3: The method according to aspect 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the first signal or the second signal includes a detection signal or a data communication signal.

[0172] Aspect 4: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein at least one of the first signal or the second signal includes a discovery signal, and the method further includes: transmitting a data communication signal on a side link to a relay entity for reception by a base station, wherein the data communication signal is transmitted on the side link using one or more PRT resources.

[0173] Aspect 5: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein at least one of the first signal or the second signal includes a discovery signal, and the method further includes: receiving another indication for one or more different PRT resources for transmitting data communication signals to a base station; transmitting the data communication signals on a side link to a relay entity for reception by the base station, wherein the data communication signals are transmitted on the side link using one or more different PRT resources.

[0174] Aspect 6: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein one or more PRT resources include one or more sub-channels.

[0175] Aspect 7: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein one or more PRT resources comprise any subset of one or more allocated resources.

[0176] Aspect 8: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein one or more allocated resources comprise one or more integer multiples of one or more sub-channels.

[0177] Aspect 9: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, wherein the scheduled entity includes a first user equipment (UE) and the relay entity includes a second UE.

[0178] Aspect 10: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, wherein the indication is received in one of Radio Resource Control (RRC), Medium Access Control Element (MAC-CE), or Downlink Control Indication (DCI).

[0179] Aspect 11: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, 9 or 10, wherein each of one or more PRT resources includes an optimized PRT value.

[0180] Aspect 12: The method of any one of Aspects 1 to 5, 9 or 10, wherein one or more PRT resources are allocated according to a fixed pseudo-random pattern.

[0181] Aspect 13: According to the method of aspect 12, the fixed pseudo-random pattern is determined according to the Columbus scale.

[0182] Aspect 14: The method according to any one of aspects 1 to 13 further includes: receiving an availability message indicating that a relay entity can be used to relay a second signal transmitted via a side link.

[0183] Aspect 15: The method according to any one of Aspects 1 to 14, wherein the relay entity is a first relay entity; and further comprising at least one of the following: transmitting a second signal on a side link to a second relay entity for reception by a base station, wherein the second signal is transmitted on the side link to the second relay entity using one or more PRT resources, or transmitting a third signal on a side link to a third relay entity for reception by a base station, wherein the third signal is transmitted on the side link to the third relay entity using one or more PRT resources.

[0184] Aspect 16: A user equipment (UE) comprising: a transceiver for wireless communication with a base station; a memory; and a processor coupled to the transceiver and the memory, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to: receive an indication of one or more Peak Reduced Frequency Modulation (PRT) resources for receiving one or more signals by the base station; transmit a first signal to the base station on an uplink; and transmit a second signal to a relay entity on a sidelink for reception by the base station, wherein the second signal is transmitted on the sidelink using one or more PRT resources.

[0185] Aspect 17: A method for wireless communication by a scheduling entity, comprising: transmitting an indication of one or more peak-lower frequency modulation (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals by a scheduled entity; and receiving a first signal from the scheduled entity and a second signal from a relay entity on an uplink, wherein the relay entity receives the second signal from the scheduled entity on a sidelink using one or more PRT resources.

[0186] Aspect 18: According to the method of aspect 17, receiving a first signal from a scheduled entity on the uplink includes: using one or more PRT resources to receive a first signal from a scheduled entity on the uplink.

[0187] Aspect 19: The method according to any one of aspects 17 to 18, wherein at least one of the first signal or the second signal includes a detection signal or a data communication signal.

[0188] Aspect 20: The method of any one of aspects 17 to 18, wherein at least one of the first signal or the second signal includes a discovery signal; and the method further includes: after receiving at least one of the first signal or the second signal, receiving a data communication signal from a relay entity on an uplink, wherein the relay entity receives the data communication signal from a scheduled entity on a sidelink using one or more PRT resources.

[0189] Aspect 21: The method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 18, wherein at least one of the first signal or the second signal includes a discovery signal; and the method further includes: sending another indication to one or more different PRT resources for sending data communication signals by the scheduled entity, and receiving data communication signals from a relay entity on an uplink after receiving at least one of the first signal or the second signal, wherein the relay entity receives data communication signals from the scheduled entity on a sidelink using one or more different PRT resources.

[0190] Aspect 22: The method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 21, wherein one or more PRT resources include one or more sub-channels.

[0191] Aspect 23: The method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 21, wherein one or more PRT resources comprise any subset of one or more allocation resources.

[0192] Aspect 24: According to the method of aspect 23, wherein one or more allocated resources comprise one or more integer multiples of one or more sub-channels.

[0193] Aspect 25: The method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 24, wherein the scheduling entity includes a base station, the scheduled entity includes a first user equipment (UE), and the relay entity includes a second UE.

[0194] Aspect 26: The method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 25, wherein the indication is transmitted in one of Radio Resource Control (RRC), Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (MAC-CE), or Downlink Control Indication (DCI).

[0195] Aspect 27: The method of any one of Aspects 17 to 26, wherein one or more PRT resources are allocated according to a fixed pseudo-random pattern.

[0196] Aspect 28: The method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 27, wherein the relay entity is a first relay entity, and further includes at least one of the following: receiving a second signal from a second relay entity on an uplink, wherein the second relay entity receives the second signal from a scheduled entity on a sidelink using one or more PRT resources, or receiving a third signal from a third relay entity on an uplink, wherein the third relay entity receives the second signal from a scheduled entity on a sidelink using one or more PRT resources.

[0197] Aspect 29: The method according to any one of Aspects 17 to 27, wherein the relay entity is a first relay entity; and the first relay entity receives a second signal via a second relay entity, the second relay entity receiving the second signal from the scheduled entity on a side link using one or more PRT resources.

[0198] Aspect 30: A base station comprising: a transceiver for wirelessly communicating with a user equipment (UE); a memory; and a processor coupled to the transceiver and the memory, wherein the processor and the memory are configured to: transmit an indication of one or more Peak Reduced Frequency Modulation (PRT) resources for transmitting one or more signals by a scheduled entity, and receive a first signal from the scheduled entity and a second signal from a relay entity on an uplink, wherein the relay entity receives the second signal from the scheduled entity on a sidelink using one or more PRT resources.

[0199] As examples, these aspects can be implemented in other systems defined by 3GPP, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), Evolved Packet System (EPS), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), and / or Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). These aspects can also be extended to systems defined by 3GPP2 (3GPP2), such as CDMA2000 and / or Evolved Data Optimized (EV-DO). Other examples can be implemented within systems employing IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Ultra Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth, and / or other suitable systems. The actual telecommunications standards, network architecture, and / or communication standards adopted will depend on the specific application and the overall design constraints imposed on the system.

[0200] In this disclosure, the term “exemplary” is used to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any implementation or aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or superior to other aspects of this disclosure. Similarly, the term “aspect” does not require that all aspects of this disclosure include the features, advantages, or modes of operation discussed. The term “coupled” is used herein to refer to direct or indirect coupling between two objects. For example, if object A physically contacts object B, and object B contacts object C, objects A and C can still be considered coupled to each other—even if they do not have direct physical contact with each other. For example, a first object can be coupled to a second object, even if the first object never has direct physical contact with the second object. The terms “circuit” and “circuit system” are used broadly to include both hardware implementations of electrical devices and conductors (but not limited to types of electronic circuits) and software implementations of information and instructions, the performance of which the functions described in this disclosure are achieved when the electrical devices and conductors are connected and configured, and the performance of which the functions described in this disclosure are achieved when the information and instructions are executed by a processor.

[0201] Figures 1 to 19DOne or more of the components, steps, features, and / or functions illustrated herein may be rearranged and / or combined into a single component, step, feature, or function, or embodied in several components, steps, or functions. Additional stages, components, steps, and / or functions may be added without departing from the novel features disclosed herein. Figures 1 to 19D The apparatuses, devices, and / or components illustrated herein can be configured to perform one or more of the methods, features, or steps described herein. The novel algorithms described herein can also be effectively implemented in software and / or embedded in hardware.

[0202] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed method is an illustration of an exemplary process. Based on design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the method can be rearranged. The appended method claims present the stages of each step in an exemplary order and are not intended to limit one to the specific order or hierarchy presented, unless specifically stated therein.

[0203] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be consistent with the full scope of the language of the claims, wherein, unless specifically stated otherwise, references to singular phases are not intended to mean “one and only one”, but rather “one or more”. Unless otherwise specifically stated, the term “some” means one or more. The phrase “at least one of” referring to the list of items means any combination of these items, including individual members. As an example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a; b; c; a and b; a and c; b and c; and a, b, and c. All structural and functional equivalents of phases throughout the various aspects described herein that are known to a person skilled in the art or that will become known thereafter are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be covered by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be offered to the public, whether or not such disclosure is expressly recited in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication by a scheduled entity, comprising: Receive an indication for one or more peak down-frequency modulation (PRT) resources used for receiving one or more signals by the base station; Send a first signal to the base station on the uplink; as well as A second signal is transmitted on the side link to a relay entity for reception by the base station, wherein the second signal is transmitted on the side link using the one or more PRT resources.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Sending the first signal to the base station on the uplink includes: The first signal is transmitted to the base station on the uplink using one or more PRT resources.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the first signal or the second signal includes a discovery signal or a data communication signal.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the first signal or the second signal includes a detection signal, and the method further includes: Data communication signals are transmitted on the side link to the relay entity for reception by the base station, wherein the data communication signals are transmitted on the side link using the one or more PRT resources.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, At least one of the first signal or the second signal includes a detection signal, and the method further includes: Receive another indication for one or more different PRT resources for transmitting data communication signals to the base station; and The data communication signal is transmitted on the side link to the relay entity for reception by the base station, wherein the data communication signal is transmitted on the side link using one or more different PRT resources.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The one or more PRT resources include one or more sub-channels.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The one or more PRT resources include any subset of one or more allocated resources.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein, The one or more allocated resources include one or more integer multiples of one or more sub-channels.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The scheduled entity includes a first user equipment (UE) and the relay entity includes a second UE.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The instruction is received in one of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC), Medium Access Control (MAC-CE), or Downlink Control Instruction (DCI).

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Each of the one or more PRT resources includes an optimized PRT value.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The one or more PRT resources are allocated according to a fixed pseudo-random pattern.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The fixed pseudo-random pattern is determined according to the Columbus scale.

14. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Receive an availability message indicating that the relay entity can be used to relay the second signal transmitted via the side link.

15. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The relay entity is a first relay entity; and also includes at least one of the following: The second signal is transmitted on the side link to the second relay entity for reception by the base station, wherein the second signal is transmitted to the second relay entity on the side link using the one or more PRT resources, or A third signal is transmitted on the side link to a third relay entity for reception by the base station, wherein the third signal is transmitted to the third relay entity on the side link using the one or more PRT resources.

16. A user equipment (UE), comprising: A transceiver used for wireless communication with a base station; At least one memory, the at least one memory comprising instructions; and At least one processor, the at least one processor being configured to execute the instructions such that the UE: Receive an indication for one or more peak down-frequency modulation (PRT) resources used for receiving one or more signals by the base station; Send a first signal to the base station on the uplink; as well as A second signal is transmitted on the side link to a relay entity for reception by the base station, wherein the second signal is transmitted on the side link using the one or more PRT resources.

17. A method for wireless communication by a scheduling entity, comprising: Send an indication for one or more peak down-frequency modulation (PRT) resources used by the scheduled entity to send one or more signals; as well as On the uplink, a first signal is received from the scheduled entity and a second signal is received from the relay entity, wherein the relay entity utilizes the one or more PRT resources to receive the second signal from the scheduled entity on the sidelink.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein, Receiving the first signal from the scheduled entity on the uplink includes: The first signal is received from the scheduled entity on the uplink using one or more PRT resources.

19. The method according to claim 17, wherein, At least one of the first signal or the second signal includes a discovery signal or a number communication signal.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein, At least one of the first signal or the second signal includes a detection signal; and The method further includes: After receiving at least one of the first signal or the second signal, a data communication signal is received from the relay entity on the uplink, wherein the relay entity uses the one or more PRT resources to receive the data communication signal from the scheduled entity on the sidelink.

21. The method according to claim 17, wherein, At least one of the first signal or the second signal includes a detection signal; and The method further includes: Send another indication for one or more different PRT resources for sending data communication signals by the scheduled entity, and After receiving at least one of the first signal or the second signal, the data communication signal is received from the relay entity on the uplink, wherein the relay entity uses the one or more PRT resources to receive the data communication signal from the scheduled entity on the sidelink.

22. The method according to claim 17, wherein, The one or more PRT resources include one or more sub-channels.

23. The method according to claim 17, wherein, The one or more PRT resources include any subset of one or more allocated resources.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein, The one or more allocated resources include one or more integer multiples of one or more sub-channels.

25. The method according to claim 17, wherein, The scheduling entity includes a base station, the scheduled entity includes a first user equipment (UE), and the relay entity includes a second UE.

26. The method according to claim 17, wherein, The instruction is transmitted in one of the following: Radio Resource Control (RRC), Medium Access Control (MAC-CE), or Downlink Control Instruction (DCI).

27. The method according to claim 17, wherein, The one or more PRT resources are allocated according to a fixed pseudo-random pattern.

28. The method according to claim 17, wherein, The relay entity is a first relay entity; and also includes at least one of the following: The second signal is received from a second relay entity on the uplink, wherein the second relay entity utilizes the one or more PRT resources to receive the second signal from the scheduled entity on the sidelink, or A third signal is received from a third relay entity on the uplink, wherein the third relay entity uses the one or more PRT resources to receive the second signal from the scheduled entity on the sidelink.

29. The method according to claim 17, wherein: The relay entity is the first relay entity; and The first relay entity receives the second signal via a second relay entity, which in turn receives the second signal from the scheduled entity on the side link using the one or more PRT resources.

30. A base station, comprising: Transceiver used for wireless communication with user equipment (UE); At least one memory, the at least one memory comprising instructions; and At least one processor, the at least one processor being configured to execute the instructions such that the UE: Send an indication for one or more peak down-frequency modulation (PRT) resources used by the scheduled entity to send one or more signals; as well as On the uplink, a first signal is received from the scheduled entity and a second signal is received from the relay entity, wherein the relay entity utilizes the one or more PRT resources to receive the second signal from the scheduled entity on the sidelink.

31. A user equipment (UE) comprising components for performing the method according to any one of claims 1-15.

32. A base station comprising components for performing the method according to any one of claims 17-29.

33. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising processor-readable instructions that cause a processor of a user equipment (UE) to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-15.

34. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising processor-readable instructions that cause a processor of a base station to perform the method according to any one of claims 17-29.

35. A computer program product comprising computer-readable instructions that, when executed by a processor of a user equipment (UE), cause the processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-15.

36. A computer program product comprising computer-readable instructions that, when executed by a processor of a base station, cause the processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 17-29.

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