An adaptive drainage and swelling reduction integrated treatment system for expansive soil slopes and its construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses an adaptive drainage and swelling reduction comprehensive treatment system for expansive soil slopes, including lattice beams, contact-type anchor rods, adaptive drainage and pumping devices, fluid swelling reduction devices and interval controllers, wherein vegetation is arranged in the lattice frames; multiple contact-type anchor rods are arranged at the intersections of multiple unit beams of the lattice beams; the contact-type anchor rods include anchor rod bodies, linkage rods and multiple grouting pipes, the linkage rods are arranged in the anchoring area, and the grouting pipes are rotatably connected to the linkage rods; the adaptive drainage and pumping device includes a pump, a pumping head, a nozzle and a drainage pipe, the fluid swelling reduction device includes a piston cylinder and a piston head, and the interval controller controls the operation of the comprehensive treatment system. In addition to regulating the internal pressure, the comprehensive treatment system of the invention also synchronously realizes the adjustment of the swelling reduction stroke during the dynamic change process of the piston cylinder filling and discharging the fluid, wherein the swelling reduction stroke change amount is a positive value in the rainy season and a negative value in the dry season, thereby realizing the adaptive adjustment function of the swelling reduction effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of expansive soil slope treatment in geotechnical engineering, and in particular to an expansive soil slope adaptive drainage and swelling reduction comprehensive treatment system and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In railway construction, the original terrain conditions are difficult to meet the requirements of horizontal and longitudinal section linearity, and deep excavation and high filling of slopes are inevitable during the construction process. When the slope is built on expansive soil, it is very easy for the slope to collapse, slide and other engineering disasters, endangering the safety of railways and houses along the line. Geotechnical engineering practitioners even say that such slopes "will slide wherever there is a cut, and will collapse wherever there is a embankment."

[0003] The clay components contained in expansive soil are mainly composed of highly hydrophilic minerals such as montmorillonite and illite. It has the characteristics of repeated expansion and contraction, multiple cracks, water sensitivity, etc., and its properties are extremely unstable. These three characteristics are all related to water or humidity. Among them, the dry-wet cycle caused by humidity changes has a huge impact on the engineering properties of expansive soil, and is also an important reason for the deterioration of the strength of expansive soil. Once the environmental humidity changes, the expansive soil absorbs water to expand and loses water to shrink, resulting in strong expansion and contraction deformation, and at the same time transmits huge expansion force to the rigid or semi-rigid support structure, resulting in continuous deterioration of the structural support performance. With the increase in the number of dry-wet cycles, the cracks on the surface of the expansive soil continue to expand, the soil structure continues to change, the water infiltration and loss are more rapid, and the dry-wet cycle becomes more and more intense, resulting in a significant decrease in the strength and stability of the expansive soil. In addition, the in-depth development and penetration of the cracks cause a large number of cracks on the surface of the expansive soil slope, aggravating the soil and water loss on the slope surface, causing the germination and growth of plants to often face severe drought and nutrient deficiency, significantly reducing the plant slope protection capacity and landscape harmony of the expansive soil slope.

[0004] In the process of implementing the present invention, the inventors found that there are at least the following problems in the prior art:

[0005] 1. Poor drainage effect. There are three existing slope drainage technologies: inserting drainage pipes at a negative angle inside the slope to drain internal water; setting up a filter layer behind the support structure to drain internal water and prevent soil loss; setting up geotextiles and drainage ditches on the slope surface to drain surface water. Among them, the drainage pipe technology is prone to cause pipe blockage, and the negative angle insertion method results in a shallow drainage range. Moreover, this traditional drainage technology is passive, unable to adjust the drainage rate, and has weak drainage capacity. The filter layer technology and slope surface drainage technology cannot drain water deep in the slope. Moreover, the above three drainage structures are independent of the slope support structure and need to be designed and constructed separately, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0006] 2. Plant irrigation is not self-sufficient. Existing expansive soil slope treatment technology focuses too much on slope drainage and ignores the reasonable irrigation of plants on the slope surface, which can easily lead to poor growth or even death of plants due to lack of water, and the loss of the slope protection effect of plants; even if the importance of irrigating plants is understood, it is not combined with the reinforcement structure, that is, it is necessary to install an irrigation structure separately and transport water resources from other areas for irrigation, which reduces the economic efficiency.

[0007] 3. Over-emphasis on structural rigidity, poor reinforcement and expansion reduction effects. Existing technologies for treating expansive soil slopes can be divided into rigid support technologies and flexible support technologies according to structural rigidity and allowable deformation size. Rigid support technologies, such as retaining walls, anti-slide piles, anchor rods (cables) frame beams, etc., are difficult to take into account the expansion reduction effect while reinforcing the slope, resulting in irreversible damage to the retaining structure under the repeated expansion and contraction deformation and expansion force of the expansive soil, deteriorating its mechanical properties, greatly reducing the durability of the structure, and weakening the support capacity of the structure. Flexible support technologies can be divided into two types: setting flexible expansion reduction materials such as polystyrene EPS boards, filter layers, etc. behind the rigid support structure, or directly drilling holes into the slope surface to put in flexible expansion reduction materials such as sand, such as invention CN115262591A; setting a more complex expansion reduction and energy dissipation structure on the surface of the slope, such as CN1163619A. Among them, the polystyrene EPS board technology and the anti-filter layer technology cannot adaptively match the expansion deformation, resulting in poor expansion reduction effect when the thickness of the expansion reduction material is small, and unable to take into account economic rationality when the thickness is large; the expansion reduction structure used in the expansion reduction and energy dissipation structure technology is relatively complex, and the expansion reduction structure needs to be designed and installed separately, which cannot achieve the purpose of economy.

[0008] 4. Low structural integration rate, complicated construction steps and high project cost. Existing expansive soil slope treatment technology cannot integrate structures or functions such as slope drainage, plant irrigation, flexible swelling reduction, and slope support, which not only adds multiple projects and complicates the construction steps, but also increases the project cost. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an adaptive drainage and swelling reduction comprehensive treatment system for expansive soil slopes that takes into account reinforcement, water drainage and storage, flexible swelling reduction, greening and the like, so as to solve the problems raised in the background technology.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides an adaptive drainage and swelling reduction comprehensive treatment system for expansive soil slopes, comprising a lattice beam, a touch-expansion anchor rod, an adaptive drainage device, a fluid swelling reduction device and an interval energy controller; the lattice beam is arranged on the surface of the slope, and vegetation is arranged in the lattice frame of the lattice beam; the touch-expansion anchor rod is configured as a plurality of, which are respectively arranged at the intersections of a plurality of unit beams of the lattice beam; the touch-expansion anchor rod comprises an anchor rod body, a linkage rod and a plurality of grouting pipes, the anchor rod body is anchored in an anchor rod hole formed in the slope, the top end of the anchor rod body passes through the lattice beam, the inner cavity of the anchor rod body is divided into a swelling reduction zone, a water filtration zone, a water accumulation zone and an anchoring zone from top to bottom by a partition plate, the linkage rod is axially movably arranged in the anchoring zone, and the plurality of grouting pipes are rotatably connected to the linkage rod respectively, and can be moved upward on the linkage rod. When moving, it opens to the surrounding areas with it as the center; each of the anchor rod bodies corresponds to an adaptive pumping and drainage device and a fluid expansion reduction device, the adaptive pumping and drainage device includes a pump, a pumping head, a nozzle and a drain pipe, the pumping head is arranged in the water accumulation area, the nozzle is arranged in the lattice frame, the water outlet of the drain pipe is placed in the drainage groove of the lattice beam, the pumping head, the nozzle and the drain pipe are respectively connected to the pump; the fluid expansion reduction device includes a piston cylinder and a piston head, the piston head is fixed to the top end of the anchor rod body, the piston cylinder is sleeved on the outer wall of the anchor rod body, and the piston cylinder is slidably and sealedly connected to the piston head and the anchor rod body respectively; the interval energy controller is configured as a plurality of, respectively controlling the operating states of the adaptive pumping and drainage device and the fluid expansion reduction device in different areas of the comprehensive treatment system.

[0011] Furthermore, the interval controller includes a regulator and pore water pressure sensors, soil moisture sensors, fluid pressure sensors and displacement sensors equal to the number of touch-type anchors in the control area of ​​the interval controller, each pore water pressure sensor is respectively arranged in a corresponding water accumulation area, each soil moisture sensor is respectively arranged in the soil around a corresponding touch-type anchor, and the fluid pressure sensor and displacement sensor are arranged in a corresponding piston cylinder.

[0012] Furthermore, the pumping head and the pore water pressure sensor are both located at the bottom of the water accumulation area. The pore water pressure sensor monitors the water level changes of the accumulated water and transmits the monitored data to the regulator. The regulator calculates the height of the accumulated water level from the pumping head based on the received data.

[0013] Furthermore, the linkage rod is arranged on the central axis of the anchoring area through a plurality of support tubes, and the bottom end of the linkage rod is exposed from the anchor rod body; a plurality of grouting pipes are spirally arranged circumferentially on the side wall of the anchoring area of ​​the anchor rod body, and the bottom ends of the plurality of grouting pipes are rotatably connected to the linkage rod through bolts. When the bottom end of the linkage rod is against the bottom of the anchor rod hole, the linkage rod retracts to drive the top ends of the plurality of grouting pipes to expand outward and invade into the soil around the anchor rod hole.

[0014] Furthermore, an enlarged head is provided at one end of the linkage rod exposed from the anchor rod body; a countersunk groove is provided at the top end of the grouting pipe, and a T-shaped piston is provided in the countersunk groove for preventing the expansion soil from entering the grouting pipe.

[0015] Furthermore, the separator includes a first separator, a second separator and a third separator which are arranged in sequence, the first separator and the third separator are provided with first through holes for pipelines to pass through, and the second separator is provided with a plurality of second through holes for water permeability.

[0016] Furthermore, the water filtration area is divided by a cavity partition plate into side cavities located on both sides and a middle cavity located between the two side cavities, and the side cavities and the middle cavity both extend along the axial direction of the anchor rod body; a plurality of water filtration holes are opened on the anchor rod body corresponding to each of the side cavities, and a filter sponge is arranged in each of the side cavities.

[0017] Furthermore, the fluid deswelling device further comprises a base arranged at the intersection of the unit beams of the lattice beam, and the base is integrally arranged with the lattice beam.

[0018] Furthermore, a first sealing ring is provided at the connection between the piston cylinder and the anchor rod body, and a second sealing ring is provided at the connection between the piston head and the piston cylinder.

[0019] The present invention also provides a construction method of an expansive soil slope adaptive drainage and swelling reduction comprehensive treatment system, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1. Level the slope surface, remove debris, and build drainage ditches and intercepting ditches at the top and foot of the slope;

[0021] S2. Carry out graded excavation of the slope surface according to the height of the slope to form a single-level or multi-level slope, with the height of each level of the slope not exceeding 5000mm and the slope not exceeding 45%;

[0022] S3, determine the position of each anchor hole and drill holes on the slope;

[0023] S4, first insert the touch-expansion anchor into the anchor hole until the bottom end of the linkage rod abuts against the bottom of the anchor hole, then pull the touch-expansion anchor outward to fully expand the grouting pipe, and then pressurize cement mortar through the grouting pipe into the gap between the anchor body and the wall of the anchor hole;

[0024] S5. After the grouting is completed, the prefabricated lattice beam, the nozzle, the piston cylinder and the piston head are installed on the slope surface, and the outlet of the drainage pipe is placed in the concave groove at the top of the lattice beam that is conducive to drainage;

[0025] S6. After the cement mortar reaches the predetermined strength, the power supply is turned on to check whether the data of each sensor is normal and whether each device can operate normally;

[0026] S7. Planting vegetation in the lattice frame, and finally completing the construction of the comprehensive treatment system.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] (1) In the present invention, during the rainy season, the expansive soil from the slope surface to the atmospheric influence depth absorbs water and expands, while the moisture of the expansive soil deep in the slope is relatively stable without obvious expansion and deformation. Therefore, the surface of the slope shows an overall outward expansion and deformation, compressing the volume of water and air stored in the fluid deswelling device, and the pressure in the piston cylinder increases. The fluid pressure sensor monitors the increase in the pressure in the piston cylinder and feeds back the signal to the interval energy controller. The interval energy controller controls the pump to fill the fluid deswelling device with accumulated water and discharge the air at the same time, so that the pressure in the piston cylinder is adjusted within the range of the set value ±5kPa. During the dry season, the expansive soil from the slope surface to the atmospheric influence depth loses water and shrinks, while the moisture content of the expansive soil deep in the slope is relatively stable without obvious shrinkage and deformation. Therefore, the surface of the slope shows an overall inward shrinkage and deformation, and the volume of water and air stored in the fluid deswelling device rebounds accordingly, and the pressure in the piston cylinder decreases. The fluid pressure sensor monitors the pressure reduction in the piston cylinder and feeds back the signal to the interval energy controller. The interval energy controller controls the pump to fill air into the fluid deswelling device and discharges the accumulated water to the sprinkler for irrigation, so that the pressure in the piston cylinder is adjusted within the set value ±5kPa, thereby realizing the adaptive adjustment function of the internal pressure and anchoring force.

[0029] (2) In addition to regulating the internal pressure, the present invention also realizes the regulation of the de-expansion stroke synchronously during the dynamic change process of the piston cylinder filling and discharging the fluid: if the compression change of the fluid volume is not considered, in the rainy season, the volume of the fluid filled is smaller than the volume of the fluid discharged, the volume of the fluid in the piston cylinder decreases, the displacement direction of the piston head relative to the piston cylinder is opposite to the direction of the outer normal of the slope surface, and the change of the de-expansion stroke is positive; in the dry season, the volume of the fluid filled is larger than the volume of the fluid discharged, the volume of the fluid in the piston cylinder increases, the displacement direction of the piston head relative to the piston cylinder is consistent with the direction of the outer normal of the slope surface, and the change of the de-expansion stroke is negative. The de-expansion stroke can be observed in real time by the displacement sensor at the bottom of the piston cylinder. The change of the de-expansion stroke is positive in the rainy season and negative in the dry season, thereby realizing the adaptive adjustment function of the de-expansion effect.

[0030] (3) The comprehensive treatment system of the present invention controls the operation of the adaptive drainage device and the fluid expansion reduction device in the corresponding area through the interval energy controller. The rainwater collected in the water accumulation area can be allocated through the interval energy controller according to the actual needs of the external environment without manual operation. It can not only meet the automatic irrigation of slope vegetation, but also, during the rainy season, the interval energy controller can drain the accumulated water into the external drainage ditch according to the water level in the water accumulation area. The present invention realizes the collection of slope rainwater and the multifunctional utilization of collected rainwater, which greatly improves the utilization rate of natural resources.

[0031] In addition to the above-described purposes, features and advantages, the present invention has other purposes, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the following specific implementations, they are used to explain the embodiments of the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 It is an overall application side view of the expansive soil slope adaptive drainage and swelling reduction comprehensive treatment system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 4 is a front overall elevation view of the self-adaptive drainage and swelling reduction comprehensive treatment system for expansive soil slopes according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 It is an overall front view of the structure of the contact-spreading anchor rod, the adaptive pumping and drainage device and the fluid expansion reduction device according to an embodiment of the present invention (part of the internal structure is shown for the convenience of explanation);

[0036] Figure 41 is a front view of a partial structure of an expansive soil slope adaptive drainage and swelling reduction comprehensive treatment system according to an embodiment of the present invention (part of the internal structure is shown for ease of explanation);

[0037] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the water filtering area of ​​the rod body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adaptive drainage device and the anchor rod body according to an embodiment of the present invention (part of the internal structure is shown for the convenience of explanation);

[0039] Figure 7 The embodiment of the present invention Figure 6 The structure diagram at the center M is enlarged;

[0040] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the control structure of the interval energy controller according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Among them, 1-lattice beam, 1.1-lattice frame, 2-vegetation, 3-anchor body, 3.1-swelling reduction area, 3.2-water filtration area, 3.3-water accumulation area, 3.4-anchoring area, 3a-side cavity, 3b-middle cavity, 4-linkage rod, 5-grouting pipe, 6-pore water pressure sensor, 7-pump, 8-pumping head, 9-sprinkler, 10-humidity sensor, 11-drain pipe, 12-piston cylinder, 12.1-water inlet and outlet, 13-piston head, 13. 1-air inlet and outlet, 14-fluid pressure sensor, 15-displacement sensor, 17-base, 18-first separator, 19-second separator, 20-third separator, 21-cavity separator, 22-water filter hole, 23-filter sponge, 24-water accumulation, 25-enlarged head, 26-T-type piston, 27-first sealing ring, 28-second sealing ring, 29-anchor hole, 30-regulator, 31-support tube, 32-drainage ditch, 33-intercepting ditch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.

[0043] See also Figures 1 to 8The present embodiment provides an adaptive drainage and swelling reduction comprehensive treatment system for expansive soil slopes, comprising a lattice beam 1, a contact-spreading anchor, an adaptive drainage device, a fluid swelling reduction device and an interval energy controller; the lattice beam 1 is arranged on the surface of the slope, and drainage ditches 32 are arranged on the side and bottom slopes of the lattice beam 1, and a water interception ditch 33 is arranged on the top of the slope. The lattice beam 1 is an assembled structure, which is cross-connected by a plurality of first unit beams and a plurality of second unit beams to form a plurality of diamond-shaped lattice frames 1.1, and the top of the cross section of the unit beam is concave downward to form a drainage ditch; the unit beam is reinforced with reinforcement along the entire length to increase the strength of the lattice beam. Vegetation 2 is planted in the lattice frames 1.1, and the vegetation is drought-resistant and erosion-resistant herbaceous plants, and the planting method is transplanting or sowing, and herbaceous plants such as ryegrass, vetiver or Cynodon dactylon are preferred.

[0044] In the embodiment of the present invention, the touch-type anchor rod is configured in multiple numbers and is respectively arranged at the intersections of multiple unit beams of the lattice beam. The touch-type anchor rod includes an anchor rod body 3, a linkage rod 4 and multiple grouting pipes 5. The anchor rod body 3 is a hollow structure. The top end of the anchor rod body is arranged through the lattice beam. The anchor rod body is anchored in the anchor rod hole 29 formed in the slope, and a gap is provided between the anchor rod body and the hole wall of the anchor rod hole. The inner cavity of the anchor rod body is divided into a swelling reduction zone 3.1, a water filtration zone 3.2, a water accumulation zone 3.3 and an anchoring zone 3.4 from top to bottom by a separator. The separator includes a first separator 18, a second separator 19 and a third separator 20 which are arranged in sequence. Only one first through hole for the pipeline to pass through is provided on the first separator and the third separator. A plurality of second through holes for water permeability are provided on the second separator, and the plurality of second through holes are arranged in a rectangular shape. Preferably, the length of the swelling reduction zone is 300-500 mm, the length of the water filtration zone is 3000-5000 mm, the length of the water accumulation zone is 100-200 mm, the length of the anchoring zone is greater than 2600 mm, and the total length of the anchor rod body is 6000-8000 mm. This structural setting reasonably sets the length of the anchor rod body, especially the length of the anchoring zone, which can effectively improve the stability of the slope.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present invention, the water filtering area is divided into side chambers 3a located on both sides and a middle chamber 3b located between the two side chambers by a cavity partition sheet 21, and both the side chambers and the middle chamber extend along the axial direction of the anchor rod body. The two side chambers are the insertion spaces for the filter sponges 23, and the middle chamber is the layout space for the high-pressure hose, sensor wiring, slurry guide pipe and other pipelines. A plurality of circular water filtering holes 22 are provided on the anchor rod body corresponding to each side chamber 3a, and the plurality of water filtering holes are arranged in a plum blossom shape.

[0046] In the embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of support tubes 31 are arranged in the anchoring area, and the linkage rod 4 is axially movable on the central axis inside the anchoring area 3.4 through the plurality of support tubes, and the bottom end of the linkage rod is exposed from the anchor rod body. An enlarged head 25 is arranged at one end of the linkage rod exposed from the rod body to increase the force exerted on the linkage rod by the soil. A plurality of mounting holes are provided on the side wall of the anchoring area 3.4 of the anchor rod body, and the plurality of mounting holes are spirally arranged along the circumference of the anchor rod body. A plurality of grouting pipes respectively penetrate the plurality of mounting holes, and the bottom ends of the plurality of grouting pipes are respectively rotatably connected to the linkage rod by bolts, and the bottom ends of the grouting pipes are provided with a hook for facilitating connection with the grouting pipe. When an upward force is applied to the bottom end of the linkage rod, the plurality of grouting pipes can be expanded around with the linkage rod as the center. When the bottom end of the linkage rod is against the bottom of the anchor rod hole 29, the linkage rod retracts upward to drive the top ends of the plurality of grouting pipes to expand outward and invade the soil around the anchor rod hole 29. The top of the grouting pipe is also provided with a countersunk groove, in which a T-shaped piston 26 is provided to prevent soil from entering the grouting pipe and ensure that cement mortar can be introduced into the gap between the anchor body and the anchor hole 29.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present invention, when the anchor body 3 is inserted into the anchor hole 29, the upper end of the grouting pipe 5 is pressed against the anchor hole wall due to the force of the soil, and the linkage rod 4 does not contact the soil or the contact force is small, and the grouting pipe 5 is in the unexpanded stage. When the bottom end of the anchor body 3 reaches the bottom of the anchor hole, the enlarged head 25 of the linkage rod contacts the soil at the bottom of the anchor hole, and shrinks along the axial direction of the anchor body due to the reaction force of the soil, driving the grouting pipe 5 to rotate and expand around the axis where the bolt is located. At this time, the grouting pipe invades the anchor hole wall, and the grouting pipe is in the pre-expanded stage. Then the anchor body is pulled in the opposite direction along the anchor hole, and the grouting pipe 5 is further rotated and expanded around the axis where the bolt is located due to the force of the soil, and drives the linkage rod to further shrink upward until the top of the linkage rod contacts the third partition 19, and the grouting pipe 5 is in the fully expanded stage. After the grouting pipes are fully expanded, cement mortar is pressurized and introduced into the gap between the anchor body and the wall of the anchor hole 29 through multiple grouting pipes 5 to form a cement mortar layer, and the cement mortar layer and the surrounding rock and soil together form a teardrop-shaped anchoring enlarged end.

[0048] In the embodiment of the present invention, each anchor body corresponds to an adaptive drainage device and a fluid deswelling device. Each adaptive drainage device controls the use of the accumulated water in the water accumulation area 3.3 for irrigating vegetation 2 or draining it to the drainage ditch 32 according to the soil humidity around the corresponding contact-type anchor and the water level in the water accumulation area. The adaptive drainage device includes a pump 7, a pumping head 8, a nozzle 9 and a drainage pipe 11. The pump is connected to the pumping head and the nozzle through a high-pressure water pipe, and the drainage pipe is connected to the pump. The pressure water pipe and the drainage pipe are both made of high-strength silicone rubber. The nozzle 9 is used to irrigate the surface plants of the expansive soil slope, and the diameter of the spraying coverage range should be 200mm larger than the spacing between adjacent anchor holes. The outlet of the drainage pipe is arranged in the drainage groove of the lattice beam to discharge the accumulated water directly into the drainage ditch.

[0049] In the embodiment of the present invention, the fluid expansion reduction device includes a base 17, a piston cylinder 12 and a piston head 13. The base is embedded at the intersection of the lattice beam, the piston cylinder is embedded on the base, and the piston cylinder can be slidably sealed and sleeved on the outer wall of the anchor rod body; the piston head is sleeved on the top of the anchor rod body, and the anchor rod body is welded and connected. In this structural setting, the base 17 is a reinforced concrete structure integrally set with the lattice beam 1, which is used to withstand the pressure from the piston cylinder; the piston cylinder is made of stainless steel, and a water inlet and outlet 12.1 for connecting to a pump is set on the side wall of the piston cylinder, and an insertion hole for the anchor rod body 3 is opened at the bottom; the piston head 13 is a stainless steel circular thin plate, which is welded to the anchor rod body, and the piston head is provided with an air inlet and outlet 13.1 for connecting to a pump. A first sealing ring 27 is provided at the connection between the piston cylinder and the anchor rod body, and a second sealing ring 28 is provided at the connection between the piston head and the piston cylinder to prevent water and gas from leaking from the inside of the piston cylinder. The pump is arranged at the upper part of the anchor body. The pump 7 has 5 control valves, with a maximum delivery flow of 2L / min and a maximum delivery pressure of 500kPa. When the fluid de-swelling device reaches the predetermined internal pressure, anchoring force and de-swelling stroke range, the control valve is closed to save power and extend system durability.

[0050] In the embodiment of the present invention, the interval controller is configured as multiple, respectively controlling the operating states of the adaptive pumping and drainage device and the fluid expansion reduction device in different areas of the comprehensive treatment system. The interval controller includes a regulator 30 and pore water pressure sensors 6, soil moisture sensors 10, fluid pressure sensors 14 and displacement sensors 15 equal to the number of the touch-type anchor rods in the control area of ​​the interval controller; each pore water pressure sensor 6 is respectively arranged at the bottom of the corresponding water accumulation area 3.3, monitoring the change of the water accumulation 24 in the water accumulation area, and transmitting the monitored data to the interval controller, and the interval controller calculates the height of the water level from the pumping head according to the received data. Each soil moisture sensor 10 is respectively arranged in the soil around the corresponding contact-type anchor rod, and buried in the expansive soil within the depth range of the atmosphere-affected layer. Preferably, the soil moisture sensor is buried at the intersection of the center lines of the rectangle formed by four adjacent anchor rod holes in the upper, lower, left and right directions; the burial depth is 100-5000mm, preferably 100mm, 400mm, 1000mm, 2000mm, 3000mm, 4000m and 5000mm. The feedback data of the soil moisture sensor adopts the soil quality moisture index, with a measurement range of 0-100% and a measurement accuracy of ±1%. The normal data range of the soil moisture sensor with a burial depth of 100mm and 400mm is 17%-30%. The normal data range of the soil moisture sensor with a burial depth of 1000mm, 2000mm, 3000mm, 4000mm and 5000mm is less than 30% and the soil moisture increase rate is less than 5% / h. The fluid pressure sensor 14 is arranged on the inner wall of the piston cylinder to monitor the pressure change in the fluid deswelling device; the specific setting value of the pressure in the deswelling piston device is determined by the designed anchoring force. The displacement sensor 15 is arranged at the bottom of the piston cylinder to monitor the displacement change of the piston head 13 relative to the piston cylinder 12, that is, the deswelling stroke. The deswelling stroke takes the initial setting of the piston cylinder height middle value as 0, and stipulates that the displacement direction of the piston head relative to the piston cylinder is positive if it is opposite to the outer normal direction of the slope surface, and negative if it is consistent with the outer normal direction of the slope surface; the specific setting value of the deswelling stroke is determined by the expansion and contraction of the soil. The regulator is respectively connected to all pumps, pore water pressure sensors, soil moisture sensors, fluid pressure sensors and displacement sensors in the area controlled by the interval controller. The interval energy controller can be powered by a solar power supply device. When the weather is clear and there is a surplus of electricity converted from solar energy, more electricity will be stored in the battery of the interval energy controller. When rainy days come and the electricity converted from solar energy is not enough for the comprehensive treatment system to operate normally, the battery outputs electricity to the comprehensive treatment system to ensure voltage and current stability.

[0051] In the embodiment of the present invention, the expansive soil slope is greatly affected by the ambient temperature and humidity, and shows the phenomenon of inconsistent expansion and contraction along the depth direction. The atmospheric influence depth range recommended by the technical specification for construction in expansive soil areas GB50112-2013 is 3000-5000mm below the slope surface. Beyond this range, the soil humidity is relatively stable, and the expansion and contraction phenomenon is not significant. In the rainy season, the expansive soil within the atmospheric influence depth of the slope absorbs water and expands, while the humidity of the expansive soil inside the slope is relatively stable, without obvious expansion and deformation, so the surface of the slope shows an overall outward expansion deformation, compressing the volume of water and air stored in the fluid deswelling device, and the internal pressure of the piston cylinder 12 increases. The fluid pressure sensor 14 monitors the pressure increase in the piston cylinder 12 and feeds back the signal to the interval energy controller. The interval energy controller controls the pump 7 to fill the fluid deswelling device with accumulated water and discharge the air at the same time, so that the internal pressure of the piston cylinder is adjusted within the set value ±5kPa range. This set value needs to be greater than the non-rainy season data to provide a greater support force to meet the engineering experience that the expansive soil slope is more likely to become unstable and slide after rain. In the dry season, the expansive soil within the atmospheric influence depth of the slope loses water and shrinks, while the humidity of the expansive soil inside the slope is relatively stable, without obvious shrinkage and deformation. Therefore, the surface of the slope shows an overall inward shrinkage and deformation, and the volume of water and air stored in the fluid deswelling device rebounds accordingly, and the pressure in the piston cylinder decreases. The fluid pressure sensor detects the decrease in the pressure in the piston cylinder and feeds the signal back to the interval energy controller. The interval energy controller controls the pump to fill air into the fluid deswelling device, and at the same time discharges the accumulated water through the nozzle for irrigation, so that the pressure in the piston cylinder is adjusted within the set value ±5kPa, thereby realizing the adaptive adjustment function of the piston cylinder pressure and anchoring force.

[0052] When the friction between the piston head and the piston cylinder is ignored, the relationship between the internal pressure of the piston cylinder and the anchoring force is:

[0053] F=KP(1)

[0054] Among them, the parameters F, K, and P represent the anchoring force, area parameter, and piston cylinder internal pressure respectively. When the inner diameter of the piston cylinder is 400 mm and the outer diameter of the anchor rod is 60 mm, K is 0.123 m 2 ;

[0055] In the embodiment of the present invention, in addition to regulating the internal pressure of the piston cylinder, the adjustment of the de-expansion stroke is also realized synchronously during the dynamic change process of the filling and discharging of the fluid in the piston cylinder: if the compression change of the fluid volume is not considered, in the rainy season, the volume of the filled fluid is smaller than the volume of the discharged fluid, the volume of the fluid in the piston cylinder decreases, the displacement direction of the piston head relative to the piston cylinder is opposite to the direction of the outer normal of the slope surface, and the change of the de-expansion stroke is positive; in the dry season, the volume of the filled fluid is larger than the volume of the discharged fluid, the volume of the fluid in the piston cylinder increases, the displacement direction of the piston head relative to the piston cylinder is consistent with the direction of the outer normal of the slope surface, and the change of the de-expansion stroke is negative. The de-expansion stroke can be observed in real time by the displacement sensor at the bottom of the piston cylinder. In the rainy season, the change of the de-expansion stroke is a positive value, and in the dry season, the change of the de-expansion stroke is a negative value, thereby realizing the adaptive adjustment function of the de-expansion effect.

[0056] In the embodiment of the present invention, each fluid deswelling device of the comprehensive treatment system operates independently and does not affect each other. Even if one of the fluid deswelling devices is damaged, it does not interfere with the operation of other fluid deswelling devices. At the same time, the damage of a fluid deswelling device can be timely known based on the feedback data of the fluid pressure sensor: if the pump continuously fills air or water into a fluid deswelling device and the pressure in the piston cylinder remains at a low level or first increases and then decreases, it can be determined that the fluid deswelling device may be damaged. In this way, the functions of support deswelling self-adaptation, device operation without affecting each other, and deswelling and reinforcement integration are realized.

[0057] In the embodiment of the present invention, the interval energy controller controls the pump 7 and the fluid deswelling device according to the sensor feedback information. When the soil moisture at a depth of 100 mm or 400 mm is less than 17%, the interval energy controller commands the pump 7 to extract the accumulated water 24 and deliver it to the sprinkler 9 for irrigation. If the accumulated water is insufficient, that is, the feedback data of the pore water pressure sensor 6 shows that the water level depth is less than 50 mm, the pump 7 extracts the water stored in the fluid deswelling device through the water inlet and outlet 12.1 of the piston cylinder to irrigate the vegetation until the soil moisture at a depth of 100 mm and 400 mm reaches 20%, or the water stored in the fluid deswelling device is drained; at the same time, air is filled into the fluid deswelling device through the air inlet and outlet of the piston cylinder to keep the internal pressure and the deswelling stroke stable within the set range. When the soil moisture is greater than 30% or the feedback data of the pore water pressure sensor 6 shows that the water level is greater than 100mm (or 200mm, the water level depends on the design length of the water accumulation area 24), the interval energy controller commands the pump to extract the accumulated water and store it in the fluid deswelling device, and at the same time extracts air from the fluid deswelling device through the air inlet and outlet of the piston head to keep the internal pressure stable within the set range; when the fluid deswelling device is full of water, the pump directly drains water into the drainage groove of the lattice beam through the drainage pipe. Drain until the soil moisture at a depth of 100mm and 400mm is less than 30%, or the feedback data of the pore water pressure sensor shows that the water level is less than 50mm. In this way, the shallow plant root reinforcement, deep anchoring, sufficient water in small droughts, and self-sufficient vegetation irrigation are ensured.

[0058] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a construction method for the above-mentioned expansive soil slope adaptive drainage and expansion reduction comprehensive treatment system. The lattice beam 1, the touch-type anchor rod, the adaptive drainage device, the fluid expansion reduction device and the interval energy controller must be prefabricated in advance by the factory and integrated into a new type of touch-type anchor rod and assembled lattice beam. During construction, a plurality of touch-type anchor rods are first installed one by one into the corresponding anchor rod holes, that is, the anchor rod body 3 is first sent into the anchor rod hole 29, and cement mortar is injected after being pulled outward. After the plurality of touch-type anchor rods are installed, the prefabricated assembled lattice beam 1 and the fluid expansion reduction device 3 and other devices can be installed on the slope surface. The construction method specifically includes the following steps:

[0059] S1, level the slope surface, remove debris, and build drainage ditches 32 and intercepting ditches 33 at the top and foot of the slope;

[0060] S2. Carry out graded excavation of the slope surface according to the height of the slope to form a single-level or multi-level slope, with the height of each level of the slope not exceeding 5000mm and the slope not exceeding 45%;

[0061] S3, determine the position of each anchor hole 29, and drill holes on the slope; before or at any step of steps S1-S3, make structures such as the touch-type anchor, lattice beam, fluid expansion reduction device and adaptive drainage device in the factory, and install the adaptive drainage device to the upper section of the anchor body of the touch-type anchor in advance; check whether the sensor is intact, whether the data is normal, and whether the interval energy controller, pump, fluid expansion reduction piston and other equipment can operate normally;

[0062] S4, first insert the expansion type anchor into the anchor hole until the bottom end of the linkage rod (4) abuts against the bottom of the anchor hole, then pull the anchor body outward to fully expand the grouting pipe 5, and then pressurize cement mortar into the gap between the anchor body 3 and the wall of the anchor hole 29;

[0063] S5. After the grouting is completed, the prefabricated lattice beam 1, the nozzle 9, the piston cylinder 12 and the piston head 13 are installed on the slope surface, and the outlet of the drainage pipe 11 is placed in the concave groove at the top of the lattice beam 1 which is conducive to drainage;

[0064] S6. After the cement mortar reaches the predetermined strength, the power supply is turned on to check whether the data of each sensor is normal and whether each device can operate normally;

[0065] S7. Plant vegetation 2 in the lattice frame 1.1, and finally complete the construction of the comprehensive treatment system.

[0066] The construction method of the present invention actively realizes the adaptive adjustment functions of drainage and swelling reduction in rainy season and water conservation and reinforcement in dry season by setting up a comprehensive treatment system on the slope, and realizes the purpose of troubleshooting and repairing the structure by checking the feedback data of the monitoring sensor.

[0067] The comprehensive treatment system and construction method of the present invention achieve the effect of organically integrating the structures of water collection, water storage, drainage, irrigation, swelling reduction, reinforcement, grouting, anchoring, etc. of the expansive soil slope, greatly simplifying the construction steps, and effectively saving the manpower, material resources and financial resources required for treating the expansive soil slope.

[0068] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive drainage and swelling reduction comprehensive treatment system for expansive soil slopes, characterized in that: The invention comprises a lattice beam (1), a touch-type anchor rod, an adaptive drainage device, a fluid expansion reduction device and an interval energy controller; the lattice beam is arranged on the surface of a slope, and vegetation (2) is arranged in the lattice frame (1.1) of the lattice beam; the touch-type anchor rod is configured as a plurality of anchor rods, which are respectively arranged at the intersections of a plurality of unit beams of the lattice beam; the touch-type anchor rod comprises an anchor rod body (3), a linkage rod (4) and a plurality of grouting pipes (5); the anchor rod body is anchored in an anchor rod hole (29) formed in the slope, the top end of the anchor rod body passes through the lattice beam, and the inner cavity of the anchor rod body is divided into an expansion reduction area (3.1), a water filtration area (3.2) and a water filtration area (3.3) in sequence from top to bottom by a partition plate. 2), a water accumulation area (3.3) and an anchoring area (3.4), the linkage rod is axially movably arranged in the anchoring area, and the plurality of grouting pipes are respectively rotatably connected to the linkage rod and can be opened to the surroundings with the linkage rod as the center when the linkage rod moves upward; each anchor rod body corresponds to an adaptive drainage device and a fluid expansion reduction device, the adaptive drainage device comprises a pump (7), a pumping head (8), a nozzle (9) and a drainage pipe (11), the pumping head is arranged in the water accumulation area, the nozzle is arranged in the lattice frame, the water outlet of the drainage pipe is placed in the drainage groove of the lattice beam, the pumping head, the nozzle and The drainage pipes are connected to the pumps respectively; the fluid deswelling device comprises a piston cylinder (12) and a piston head (13), the piston head is fixed to the top end of the anchor rod body, the piston cylinder is sleeved on the outer wall of the anchor rod body, and the piston cylinder is slidably and sealedly connected to the piston head and the anchor rod body respectively; the interval controller is configured as a plurality of devices, respectively controlling the operating states of the adaptive drainage device and the fluid deswelling device in different areas of the comprehensive treatment system; the interval controller comprises a regulator (30) and pore water pressure sensors (6), soil moisture sensors (13) equal to the number of the expansion type anchor rods in the control area of ​​the interval controller, and the number of the expansion type anchor rods in the control area of ​​the interval controller. 0), a fluid pressure sensor (14) and a displacement sensor (15), each pore water pressure sensor (6) is respectively arranged in the corresponding water accumulation area (3.3), each soil moisture sensor (10) is respectively arranged in the soil around the corresponding contact-type anchor rod, and the fluid pressure sensor and the displacement sensor are arranged in the corresponding piston cylinder (12); the pumping head and the pore water pressure sensor are both located at the bottom of the water accumulation area, the pore water pressure sensor monitors the water level change of the accumulated water (24) and transmits the monitored data to the regulator (30), and the regulator calculates the height of the accumulated water level from the pumping head based on the received data.

2. The comprehensive treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The linkage rod is arranged on the central axis of the anchoring area through a plurality of support tubes (31), and the bottom end of the linkage rod is exposed from the anchor rod body; a plurality of grouting pipes are spirally arranged on the side wall of the anchoring area (3.4) of the anchor rod body along the circumferential direction, and the bottom ends of the plurality of grouting pipes are rotatably connected to the linkage rod through bolts. When the bottom end of the linkage rod abuts against the bottom of the anchor rod hole (29), the linkage rod retracts to drive the top ends of the plurality of grouting pipes to expand outward and penetrate into the soil around the anchor rod hole (29).

3. The comprehensive treatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that: An enlarged head (25) is arranged at one end of the linkage rod exposed from the anchor rod body; a countersunk groove is arranged at the top end of the grouting pipe, and a T-shaped piston (26) is arranged in the countersunk groove for preventing swelling soil from entering the grouting pipe.

4. The comprehensive treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The separator comprises a first separator (18), a second separator (19) and a third separator (20) which are arranged in sequence; the first separator and the third separator are provided with first through holes for pipelines to pass through, and the second separator is provided with a plurality of second through holes for water permeability.

5. The comprehensive treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water filtering area is divided by a cavity partition sheet (21) into side cavities (3a) located on both sides and a middle cavity (3b) located between the two side cavities, and the side cavities and the middle cavity both extend along the axial direction of the anchor rod body; a plurality of water filtering holes (22) are provided on the anchor rod body corresponding to each of the side cavities, and a filtering sponge (23) is provided in each of the side cavities.

6. The comprehensive treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fluid deswelling device further comprises a base (17) arranged at the intersection of the unit beams of the lattice beam, and the base is integrally arranged with the lattice beam.

7. The comprehensive treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first sealing ring (27) is provided at the connection between the piston cylinder and the anchor rod body, and a second sealing ring (28) is provided at the connection between the piston head and the piston cylinder.

8. A construction method of a comprehensive treatment system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are included: S1, leveling the slope surface, removing debris, and building drainage ditches (32) and intercepting ditches (33) at the top and foot of the slope; S2. Carry out graded excavation of the slope surface according to the height of the slope to form a single-level or multi-level slope, with the height of each level of the slope not exceeding 5000mm and the slope not exceeding 45%; S3, determining the position of each anchor hole (29) and drilling holes on the slope; S4, first inserting the expansion type anchor into the anchor hole until the bottom end of the linkage rod (4) abuts against the bottom of the anchor hole (29), then pulling the anchor body outward to fully expand the grouting pipe (5), and then pressurizing cement mortar into the gap between the anchor body (3) and the wall of the anchor hole (29); S5, after the grouting is completed, the prefabricated lattice beam (1), the nozzle (9), the piston cylinder (12) and the piston head (13) are installed on the slope surface, and the outlet of the drainage pipe (11) is placed in a concave groove at the top of the lattice beam (1) that is conducive to drainage; S6. After the cement mortar reaches the predetermined strength, the power supply is turned on to check whether the data of each sensor is normal and whether each device can operate normally; S7, planting vegetation (2) in the lattice frame (1.1), and finally completing the construction of the comprehensive treatment system.

Images