A method for efficiently obtaining chemical flooding connectivity

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for efficiently obtaining chemical drive connectivity. The method comprises: obtaining target block basic data; extracting, proofreading and verifying data related to obtaining chemical drive connectivity in the target block basic data, and establishing target block related information; determining the number of target well connection directions and the difference in sedimentary phases between the target well and surrounding connected wells on each sedimentary unit; determining the number of directions of effective chemical drive connectivity types between the target well and surrounding connected wells on each sedimentary unit; obtaining the effective connectivity thickness of the effective connectivity types of the chemical drive target well, target sedimentary unit and target block on each sedimentary unit; obtaining the total effective thickness of the chemical drive target well, target sedimentary unit and target block; establishing a chemical drive connectivity calculation formula and obtaining the chemical drive connectivity. The present invention can truly reflect the target block reservoir connectivity relationship, quantitatively give the target block chemical drive connectivity status, the calculation result is true and accurate, and improves the efficiency of obtaining chemical drive connectivity in large-scale blocks.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of oil reservoir engineering and tertiary oil recovery, and in particular to a method for efficiently obtaining a chemical flooding connectivity rate. Background technology:

[0002] With the expansion of chemical flooding, the development targets of chemical flooding have shifted from Class I oil layers to Class II oil layers, and the development of oil layers has further deteriorated. It is necessary to study the connectivity of Class II oil layers in chemical flooding. In-depth research is conducted on the connectivity of single wells, sedimentary units and blocks in the target block, and the connectivity characteristics of Class II oil layers are analyzed to quantify the connectivity rate of chemical flooding, thereby optimizing the injection parameters, improving the matching of injection parameters, and guiding the preparation and adjustment of chemical flooding development plans to achieve efficient development of chemical flooding. The connectivity rate of chemical flooding is an indispensable basis for the preparation and adjustment of chemical flooding oilfield development plans. At present, there are certain deficiencies in the acquisition of chemical flooding connectivity rate. The acquisition is mainly based on the geological fence map. It is necessary to analyze, process, identify, enter and sort out the fence map of each well layer by layer to obtain the data results. The more sedimentary units and wells in the target block, the greater the workload of obtaining the connectivity rate of chemical flooding, and it also depends on the experience and responsibility of the researchers, which is prone to errors and inaccurate identification. Therefore, the more difficult it is to obtain the results, and it is difficult to obtain them conveniently and quickly. Therefore, this field is in urgent need of a quick and convenient method, and how to efficiently obtain chemical connectivity from big data is a problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the invention:

[0003] The present invention aims to overcome the problem that the existing methods in the background technology cannot obtain the chemical flooding connectivity rate conveniently, quickly, efficiently and accurately, and provide a method for efficiently obtaining the chemical flooding connectivity rate. Compared with the traditional method of obtaining by manual map recognition and input, the method of efficiently obtaining the chemical flooding connectivity rate is convenient and fast, the calculation results are true and accurate, and it can better reflect the potential information of the sedimentary phase data, and improve the calculation efficiency of the chemical flooding connectivity rate of large-scale blocks.

[0004] The present invention solves the problem through the following technical solution: A method for efficiently obtaining the connectivity rate of chemical flooding, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: Obtain basic data of chemical flooding target blocks;

[0006] Step 2: Check the data of the chemical flooding target block basic data related to obtaining the chemical flooding connectivity factor, verify the validity of the data, and establish a target related information database;

[0007] Step 3: Based on the target association information database, the number of connection directions of the target wells of chemical flooding and the difference in sedimentary facies between the well and surrounding connected wells in each sedimentary unit are determined;

[0008] Step 4: Based on the established number of chemical flooding target well connection directions and the difference in sedimentary phases between the target well and surrounding connected wells in each sedimentary unit, determine the number of effective chemical flooding connection type directions between the target well and surrounding connected wells in each sedimentary unit;

[0009] Step 5: Based on the established target association information database, the number of connection directions of the chemical flooding target wells, and the difference in sedimentary facies between the well and the surrounding connected wells in each sedimentary unit, the effective connection thickness of each effective connection type of the chemical flooding target wells, target sedimentary units, and target blocks in each unit is obtained;

[0010] Step 6: Based on the obtained number of effective connection type directions and effective connection thickness, the total effective thickness of the chemical flooding target well, target sedimentary unit and target block is obtained;

[0011] Step 7, determining the relationship between the chemical flooding connectivity rate and the effective connectivity thickness and total effective thickness of each deposition type of chemical flooding, and establishing a relationship between the chemical flooding connectivity rate and the effective connectivity thickness and total effective thickness of each deposition type of chemical flooding;

[0012] Step 8: Obtain the single-well chemical flooding connectivity rate of the target block, the chemical flooding deposition unit connectivity rate of the target block, and the chemical flooding connectivity rate of the target block.

[0013] Preferably, the basic data of the chemical flooding target block include: injection and production well numbers of the block, a library of injection and production well connection well numbers, sedimentary phase data, a small layer database and a perforation library.

[0014] Preferably, the target association information database is established, and the method includes:

[0015] Extract and proofread the chemical flooding connectivity factor data to ensure the validity of the data;

[0016] According to the injection and production well number of the target block, the connected element data is extracted from the connected well number library using database statements;

[0017] Extract sedimentary facies element data from the sedimentary facies database;

[0018] Extract perforation feature data from the perforation library;

[0019] Using the information of each element extracted from the above database, the classification, aggregation and connection statement commands in the database statement are used to proofread each element;

[0020] Use database connection and association statements to establish the target block related information table to ensure that the basic data of the target block is accurate and effective.

[0021] Preferably, the number of directions of effective chemical flooding connection types between the target well and the surrounding connected wells in each sedimentary unit is divided into the number of effective connection directions of river channel sand-river channel sand, the number of effective connection directions of inter-river sand-inter-river sand, and the number of effective connection directions of river channel sand-inter-river sand.

[0022] Preferably, the effective connectivity thickness of each effective connectivity type of the chemical drive target well, target sedimentary unit and target block on each unit is divided into channel sand-channel sand effective connectivity thickness, inter-river sand-inter-river sand effective connectivity thickness and channel sand-inter-river sand effective connectivity thickness.

[0023] Preferably, the sedimentary facies of the well and the surrounding connected wells in each sedimentary unit are different, and are divided into river channel sand phase (H), inter-river sand phase (S) and surface development (B).

[0024] Preferably, the acquisition of effective connection thickness of each effective connection type in each unit of the target well, target deposition unit and target block of chemical flooding is divided into the following four aspects:

[0025] ① Obtain the effective connectivity thickness of the effective connectivity type of chemical flooding of target well j on sedimentary unit i; according to the determined target well connectivity direction number P j The number of directions of effective connection types and the effective thickness of the i-th sedimentary unit h ij Perform split calculations;

[0026] ② Obtain the effective thickness of the chemical flooding connectivity type corresponding to the target well j in all sedimentary units (whole well);

[0027] ③ Obtain the thickness of the effective connectivity type of chemical flooding corresponding to all wells in the target block on the i-th sedimentary unit;

[0028] ④ Obtain the thickness of effective connectivity types of chemical flooding in all wells in the target block in all sedimentary units (blocks).

[0029] Preferably, the relationship between the chemical flooding connectivity ratio and the effective connectivity thickness of each chemical flooding deposition type and the total effective thickness is: chemical flooding connectivity ratio=effective connectivity thickness of each chemical flooding deposition type / total effective thickness.

[0030] Compared with the above background technology, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] The present invention proposes a method for efficiently obtaining chemical flooding connectivity rate. On the basis of static data, the database statement is used to obtain the parameters of various elements involved in the calculation of chemical flooding connectivity rate, so as to achieve efficient acquisition of chemical flooding connectivity rate. The acquisition of chemical flooding connectivity rate is transformed from manual analysis and map recognition and sorting to intelligent calculation of data. The original chemical flooding connectivity rate of a single well can only be obtained by manual map recognition, and the chemical flooding connectivity rate is obtained in three dimensions by the target single well, target sedimentary unit and target block. This solves the problem that the related technology cannot obtain the chemical flooding connectivity rate conveniently, quickly, efficiently and accurately, and greatly improves the work efficiency of oilfield developers. The chemical flooding connectivity rate of 353 wells in the same target block was obtained. The time taken to obtain the results by using traditional manual map recognition, input and sorting is 168 hours. Based on 8 hours of work per day, it takes 21 days to obtain the results. However, the method invented in this article only takes 8 hours to obtain the results, which greatly improves the efficiency of obtaining chemical flooding connectivity rate. And with the continuous increase of data on chemical drive blocks in oil field development, the workload of obtaining results is also increasing, which can better reflect the convenience and superiority of the method invented in this article. It can use the information of the data itself to reflect the real reservoir connectivity relationship, avoid human errors, and has high application value and promotion value for improving the recovery rate of the target block. Description of the drawings:

[0032] The accompanying drawings herein are incorporated into and constitute a part of the specification. These drawings illustrate embodiments consistent with the present invention and, together with the specification, are used to explain the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0033] Attached Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for efficiently obtaining chemical flooding connectivity rate according to the present invention;

[0034] Attached Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connectivity rate of a single well group in a five-point area well pattern chemical flooding in an embodiment of the present invention. (where a is a perfect well group; b is a side well group; c is a corner well group) Specific implementation method:

[0035] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and beneficial effects of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is now described in detail below, but it should not be construed as limiting the applicable scope of the present invention.

[0036] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments obtained are only embodiments of a part of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] This embodiment provides a method for efficiently obtaining the connectivity rate of chemical flooding. This embodiment takes a typical Class II oil layer block in the northern eastern area of ​​a domestic oil field as the research object. The block is a five-point area well network with a well spacing of 125 meters. There are 353 injection and production wells, including 177 injection wells and 176 production wells. The target layer for mining is Sa II 10-11 to Sa III 10, with 18 sedimentary units developed. The main process of the method is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0038] Step 1, obtain the basic data of the target block of chemical flooding, including the injection and production well number of the target block, the injection and production well connection well number library, sedimentary phase data and perforation data; the basic data of the block can be but not limited to one of the following data, as long as it is conducive to the efficient acquisition of the chemical flooding connectivity method. Including: block injection and production well number, injection and production well connection well number library, sedimentary phase data, small layer database and perforation library, etc.

[0039] Step 2: Extract element data from the sedimentary facies data and perforation data in step 1, including well number, sedimentary unit name, sedimentary facies category of each sedimentary unit, sandstone thickness, effective thickness and permeability. Check whether the sandstone thickness of a single well in the sedimentary facies data and perforation data is consistent in each sedimentary unit, verify the validity of the data, and establish a block association data table.

[0040] Step 3: Based on the basic data extracted from the block association data table established in step 1, the block perforation data and the connected well number library are used to determine the number of connected directions P of each single well j with the surrounding connected wells using a judgment statement j Specific reference Figure 2 As shown in the five-point method area well pattern, if the single well j is located around the perfect well group, the number of connected well directions is 4 directions (such as Figure 2 a); if the single well j is an imperfect well area, if the number of connected well directions around the corner well group is 2 directions (such as Figure 2 c); if the number of connected well directions around the edge well group is 3 (as shown in Figure 2b). For the block sedimentary facies data and the connected well number library, conditional association statements are used to determine the phase differences of each single well and the connected wells around the single well in each sedimentary unit. Here, the block sedimentary facies are divided into river channel sand phase (H), inter-river sand phase (S) and extra-surface development (B). The database statement is used to obtain the number of connected directions of the block single wells according to the above method.

[0041] Step 4: Calculate the number of chemical flooding effective connectivity type directions corresponding to the single well j and the surrounding connected wells according to the sedimentary phases of the target single well j and the surrounding connected wells in the sedimentary unit i determined in step 3. The number of chemical flooding effective connectivity type directions mentioned here is divided into the number of river channel sand-river channel sand effective connectivity direction Number of effective connection directions between river sand and river sand and the number of effective connection directions between channel sand and inter-river sand Specific reference Figure 2 The five-point area well pattern shown in a is a complete well group. In the sedimentary unit SII10+11a, this well has channel sand development (H), connected well 1 has channel sand development (H), connected well 2 has no development in this unit, connected well 3 has extra-surface development (B), and connected well 4 has inter-river sand development (S). The database statement is used to determine the number of chemical flooding connection type directions of this well in this sedimentary unit. It can be obtained that the number of directions of channel sand-channel sand and channel sand-inter-river sand in this sedimentary unit is 1. The database statement is used to obtain the number of chemical flooding connection type directions for each well in the block in each sedimentary unit according to the above method.

[0042] Step 5: According to the above steps, the thickness of each effective connection type of chemical flooding single well, sedimentary unit and block is obtained respectively, which requires the following 4 steps:

[0043] ① Obtain the effective connection thickness of a single well on sedimentary unit i, according to the number of connection directions P of the target well in step (3) j The number of directions of chemical flooding connectivity types determined in step (4) and the effective thickness h of the i-th deposition unit ij The calculation formula for the effective thickness of each effective connection type of single-well chemical flooding on sedimentary unit i is as follows:

[0044]

[0045]

[0046]

[0047] For example, the effective connection thickness of the chemical flooding connectivity type of single well 1 on the sedimentary unit SII10+11a is determined according to the above method. The number of connection directions of this well is 4 and the number of effective connection directions of river channel sand-river channel sand is 1, and the number of effective connection directions of river channel sand-inter-river sand is 1. The effective thickness of sedimentary unit SII10+11a is 1.2 meters. The effective connection thickness of river channel sand-river channel sand is 0.3 meters, and the effective connection thickness of inter-river sand-inter-river sand is 0.3 meters. The algorithm can be used to split the effective thickness of each sedimentary unit according to the effective connection type of chemical flooding for each single well in the block. The results of the effective connection direction number and thickness of the chemical flooding connection type are shown in Table 1.

[0048] Table 1 Data of relevant elements of target block

[0049]

[0050] ② Obtain the effective connectivity type thickness of chemical flooding corresponding to the target well j in all sedimentary units. Effective connectivity thickness of channel sand-channel sand of single well j Effective connected thickness of river sand-river sand in a single well Effective connection thickness of channel sand and inter-river sand in a single well Where n represents the total number of sedimentary units in the target block. For example, single well 1 is divided into effective thickness of each sedimentary unit according to the chemical flooding connectivity type according to the above formula, and the result is obtained after splitting rice, rice, The same algorithm can be used to obtain the effective connectivity type thickness of chemical flooding for each single well in all sedimentary units. The specific results are shown in Table 2.

[0051] ③ The thickness of the effective connectivity type of chemical flooding in the i-th sedimentary unit for all wells in the block.

[0052] Effective connection thickness of channel sand-channel sand in sedimentary unit i

[0053] Effective connected thickness of inter-river sand-inter-river sand of sedimentary unit i

[0054] Effective connection thickness of channel sand and inter-channel sand in sedimentary unit i

[0055] m—represents the total number of wells in the target block.

[0056] According to the above formula, the thickness of the effective connectivity type of chemical flooding corresponding to all wells in the block on the sedimentary unit SII10+11b is rice, and The same algorithm can be used to obtain the thickness of the effective connectivity type of chemical flooding corresponding to each sedimentary unit. The specific results are shown in Table 3.

[0057] ④ Calculate the effective thickness of the channel sand-channel sand connection in all wells in all sedimentary units (blocks) Inter-river sand-inter-river sand connected effective thickness Effective thickness of channel sand and inter-river sand According to the above formula, the effective thickness of the channel sand-channel sand connection in all sedimentary units of all wells in the block is calculated. The result H 河道-河道 =1873.5 m, H 河间-河间 =343.2 m and H 河道-河间 =1028.4, and the specific results are shown in Table 3.

[0058] Step 6: Based on the results obtained in steps 4 and 5, the total effective thickness of the target well, target sedimentary unit and target block is obtained. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0059] ① Calculate the total effective thickness of single well j in all sedimentary units (full well)

[0060] ② Calculate the total effective thickness of all wells in the target block on the i-th sedimentary unit

[0061] ③ Calculate the total effective thickness of all target wells in all sedimentary units (blocks)

[0062] According to the above formula, the total effective thickness H of single well 1 is obtained. 单井1 = 16.2 m, the total effective thickness H of all wells on sedimentary unit SII10+11a SII10+11a = 150.1 m. The above method can be used to obtain the total effective thickness of each well and sedimentary unit in the block. The specific results are shown in Table 2. The total effective thickness of all wells in all sedimentary units H 总有效厚度 =4482.4 meters. The specific results are shown in Table 3.

[0063] Step 7, establish a formula for calculating the chemical flooding connectivity rate, chemical flooding connectivity rate = effective thickness of each connectivity type of chemical flooding / total effective thickness of the whole well. Among them, the target well chemical flooding connectivity rate = effective thickness of each connectivity type of chemical flooding of the target well / total effective thickness of the target well;

[0064] ① Obtain the chemical flooding connectivity rate of target well j. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] ② Chemical flooding connectivity rate of target sedimentary unit = effective thickness of each connectivity type of chemical flooding of target sedimentary unit / total effective thickness of target sedimentary unit; for example, to obtain the chemical flooding connectivity rate of the target block on the i-th sedimentary unit, the specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0069]

[0070]

[0071]

[0072] ③ Connectivity rate of chemical flooding in target area = effective thickness of each connectivity type of chemical flooding in target area / total effective thickness of target area. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0073]

[0074]

[0075]

[0076] Table 2 Single well element information of target block

[0077]

[0078] Step 8. According to the formula established in step (7), the chemical flooding connectivity of a single well, each sedimentary unit and block is calculated using the results obtained in the above steps. The specific calculation results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0079] Table 3 Information of sedimentary unit elements in target area

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] The present invention is compared with the existing manual map recognition acquisition method: the reliability of the acquisition method provided by the embodiment of the present invention is verified by using the conventional manual recognition method in the field, the chemical flooding connectivity rate of the target block is acquired by using this method, and then compared with the results of the conventional manual recognition method, it is found that the conclusions obtained by the two are completely consistent, indicating that the provided acquisition method is accurate and reliable, and reduces the workload.

[0083] In summary, the method for efficiently obtaining chemical drive connectivity proposed in the present invention has the advantage of introducing sedimentary phase data and using database statements to obtain chemical drive connectivity, which can not only realize the acquisition of chemical drive connectivity of a single well point, but also realize the chemical drive connectivity of each sedimentary unit and block in the block. Not only the connectivity status and distribution characteristics on the plane of the oil layer are considered, but also the vertical connectivity properties and the heterogeneity between layers can be obtained, and the quantification of chemical drive connectivity is realized. Compared with the traditional method of manual map recognition and input, it is convenient and fast, the calculation results are true and accurate, and it can better reflect the properties of the sedimentary phase data itself, improve the calculation efficiency of chemical drive connectivity in large-scale blocks, and has high practicality and guidance.

[0084] The above is only a partial embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention should not be limited to the contents disclosed in the embodiment and the drawings. Therefore, any equivalent or modification completed without departing from the technical solution disclosed in the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently obtaining chemical flooding connectivity, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Obtain basic data of chemical flooding target blocks; Step 2: Check the data of the chemical flooding target block basic data related to obtaining the chemical flooding connectivity factor, verify the validity of the data, and establish a target related information database; Step 3: Based on the target association information database, the number of connection directions of the target wells of chemical flooding and the difference in sedimentary facies between the well and surrounding connected wells in each sedimentary unit are determined; Step 4: Based on the established number of chemical flooding target well connection directions and the difference in sedimentary phases between the target well and surrounding connected wells in each sedimentary unit, determine the number of effective chemical flooding connection type directions between the target well and surrounding connected wells in each sedimentary unit; Step 5: Based on the established target association information database, the number of connection directions of the chemical flooding target wells, and the difference in sedimentary facies between the well and the surrounding connected wells in each sedimentary unit, the effective connection thickness of each effective connection type of the chemical flooding target wells, target sedimentary units, and target blocks in each unit is obtained; Step 6: Based on the obtained effective connection type direction number and effective connection thickness, the total effective thickness of the chemical flooding target well, target sedimentary unit and target block is obtained; Step 7, determining the relationship between the chemical flooding connectivity rate and the effective connectivity thickness and total effective thickness of each deposition type of chemical flooding, and establishing a relationship between the chemical flooding connectivity rate and the effective connectivity thickness and total effective thickness of each deposition type of chemical flooding; Step 8: Obtain the single-well chemical flooding connectivity rate of the target block, the chemical flooding deposition unit connectivity rate of the target block, and the chemical flooding connectivity rate of the target block.

2. A method for efficiently obtaining chemical flooding connectivity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The basic data of the chemical flooding target block include: injection and production well numbers of the block, injection and production well connection well number library, sedimentary phase data, small layer database and perforation library.

3. A method for efficiently obtaining chemical flooding connectivity according to claim 1, characterized in that: Methods for establishing target association information database: Extract and proofread the chemical flooding connectivity factor data to ensure the validity of the data; According to the injection and production well number of the target block, the connected element data is extracted from the connected well number library using database statements; Extract sedimentary facies element data from the sedimentary facies database; Extract perforation feature data from the perforation library; Using the information of each element extracted from the above database, the classification, aggregation and connection statement commands in the database statement are used to check each element, determine the geological parameters of single well development, and eliminate redundant data; Use database connections and association statements to establish a target block related information database to ensure that the basic data of the target block is accurate and effective.

4. A method for efficiently obtaining chemical flooding connectivity according to claim 3, characterized in that: The geological parameters of the single well development include the well number, sandstone group name, sedimentary phase category of each sedimentary unit, sandstone thickness, effective thickness and permeability, which are parameter information that is conducive to obtaining the connectivity rate of chemical flooding.

5. A method for efficiently obtaining chemical flooding connectivity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of directions of effective chemical flooding connections between the target well and surrounding connected wells in each sedimentary unit is divided into the number of effective connection directions of river channel sand-river channel sand, the number of effective connection directions of inter-river sand-inter-river sand, and the number of effective connection directions of river channel sand-inter-river sand.

6. A method for efficiently obtaining chemical flooding connectivity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The effective connectivity thickness of each effective connectivity type of the target well, target sedimentary unit and target block in each unit is divided into channel sand-channel sand effective connectivity thickness, inter-river sand-inter-river sand effective connectivity thickness and channel sand-inter-river sand effective connectivity thickness.

7. A method for efficiently obtaining chemical flooding connectivity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sedimentary facies of this well and the surrounding connected wells in each sedimentary unit are different, and can be divided into river channel sand phase (H), inter-river sand phase (S) and surface development (B).

8. A method for efficiently obtaining chemical flooding connectivity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The acquisition of effective connection thickness of each effective connection type in each unit of the target well, target sedimentary unit and target block of chemical flooding is divided into the following four aspects: a. Obtain the effective connectivity thickness of the effective connectivity type of chemical flooding of target well j on sedimentary unit i; based on the determined target well connectivity direction number P j The number of directions of effective connection types and the effective thickness of the i-th sedimentary unit h ij Perform split calculations; b. Obtain the effective thickness of the chemical flooding connection type corresponding to the target well j in all sedimentary units; c. Obtain the thickness of the effective connectivity type of chemical flooding corresponding to all wells in the target block on the i-th sedimentary unit; d. Obtain the thickness of effective connectivity types of chemical flooding in all wells in all sedimentary units in the target block.

9. A method for efficiently obtaining chemical flooding connectivity according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relationship between the chemical flooding connectivity rate and the effective connectivity thickness of each chemical flooding deposition type and the total effective thickness is: chemical flooding connectivity rate = effective connectivity thickness of each chemical flooding deposition type / total effective thickness.

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