Automatic coal gangue loading system

Abstract

The present application relates to coal gangue processing technical field, specifically to a kind of coal gangue automatic feeding system, the feeding system includes feeding mechanism, material conveying mechanism and screening mechanism;Material cylinder is equipped with first screen cloth and first screen plate distributed at intervals up and down;Material conveying mechanism includes material conveying frame, first conveyor belt and second conveyor belt, and the length of first conveyor belt is greater than second conveyor belt;Screening mechanism includes material box, crushing structure, second screen cloth, second screen plate and vibrating device;First crushing roller is also equipped with overload protection device;Second screen cloth is at least one arranged in screening chamber, and mesh size from top to bottom distribution gradually decreases, vibrating device is arranged below second screen cloth, and the more material on second screen cloth, the higher frequency that vibrating device is shaken to second screen cloth with circumferential rotation.This application has reasonable structure design, realizes the efficient operation form of set pretreatment screening, crushing processing, fine screening, multiple type recycling storage as a whole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal gangue processing technology, specifically to an automated coal gangue feeding system. Background Technology

[0002] Coal gangue is a solid waste generated during coal mining and washing. It is a dark gray rock with a low carbon content and harder than coal, which is associated with coal seams during coal formation. It includes gangue from tunnel excavation, gangue extracted from the roof, floor, and interlayers during mining, and gangue removed during coal washing. Its main components are Al2O3 and SiO2, and it also contains varying amounts of Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, Na2O, K2O, P2O5, SO3, and trace amounts of rare elements (gallium, vanadium, titanium, cobalt).

[0003] China has accumulated approximately 1,000 million tons of coal gangue over the years, and continues to release about 100 million tons annually. This not only occupies land but also poses a risk of spontaneous combustion, polluting the air and causing fires. Currently, coal gangue is mainly used in the production of gangue cement, lightweight aggregates for concrete, refractory bricks, and other building materials. It can also be used for coal recycling, coal and gangue co-firing for power generation, the production of chemical products such as crystalline aluminum chloride and water glass, the extraction of precious and rare metals, and as fertilizer.

[0004] However, existing coal gangue processing equipment has a relatively simple structure, especially in the feeding process where the various nodes are scattered and lack intelligence and automation, resulting in time differences in transmission and severely restricting the efficiency of coal gangue recycling. Traditional coal gangue feeding processes use conveyor belts for indiscriminate transport, a very simple method, but with an unreasonable resource allocation structure, leading to serious resource waste and failing to achieve energy-saving, orderly, and efficient material transport. Furthermore, in existing coal gangue feeding processes, the original coal gangue blocks vary in size, requiring crushing and further processing to meet recycling requirements.

[0005] The required particle size of coal gangue varies depending on the products being recycled and reused. For example, when used for coal recovery and co-firing power generation, a relatively large particle size is sufficient. However, when used to produce lightweight aggregates for cement and concrete, refractory bricks, and other building materials, a more moderate particle size is needed. For the production of chemical products such as crystalline aluminum chloride and water glass, the extraction of precious and rare metals, or as fertilizer, a smaller particle size is required. Current coal gangue processing equipment cannot achieve intelligent and automated feeding operations that integrate pretreatment, screening, crushing, and fine screening, while also ensuring a reasonable material transport resource structure, energy efficiency, orderly and efficient feeding. Therefore, we need an automated coal gangue feeding system. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to address the shortcomings and deficiencies of existing coal gangue feeding and processing technologies, this invention provides an automated coal gangue feeding system with a reasonable structural design, intelligent resource allocation, and integrated pretreatment screening, crushing, and fine screening.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] An automated coal gangue feeding system includes a feeding mechanism, a conveying mechanism, and a screening mechanism.

[0009] The feeding mechanism includes a feeding hopper and a material cylinder. The feeding hopper is located above the material cylinder. The material cylinder is provided with a first screen and a first screen plate that are spaced apart vertically and are both inclined. A vibration motor is also provided at the lower end of the first screen. The material cylinder sidewalls corresponding to the lower ends of the first screen and the first screen plate are provided with discharge ports.

[0010] The material conveying mechanism includes a material conveying frame, a first conveyor belt, and a second conveyor belt. The material conveying frame is set on the ground and has an inclined distribution structure with the left side lower than the right side. The first and second conveyor belts are distributed vertically and are both rotatably mounted on the material conveying frame. The length of the first conveyor belt is greater than that of the second conveyor belt, and their input ends correspond to their respective discharge ports. The first conveyor belt is also connected to a differential speed structure so that when the material on the first conveyor belt exceeds a preset value, the transmission is accelerated, and otherwise the transmission is normal and uniform.

[0011] The screening mechanism includes a material box, a crushing structure, a second screen, a second screen plate, and a vibration device. The material box has a cylindrical structure with a conveying chamber on one side corresponding to the output end of the second conveyor belt and a crushing chamber on the other side corresponding to the output end of the first conveyor belt. A screening chamber is located below the conveying chamber and the crushing chamber. The crushing structure includes a first crushing roller and a second crushing roller, which are horizontally distributed and staggered. The first crushing roller is fixedly installed in the crushing chamber, and the second crushing roller is rotatably installed in the crushing chamber. An overload protection device is also provided on the first crushing roller to automatically stop the crushing operation when the rotational speed of the first crushing roller is lower than a preset value.

[0012] The second screen is at least one set in the screening chamber, and the mesh size gradually decreases from top to bottom. The material box wall on one side corresponding to the second screen is also connected to a discharge pipe. The second screen plate has a V-shaped structure and a discharge pipe is connected to the center. The vibration device is set below the second screen, and the more material on the second screen, the higher the frequency of the vibration device shaking the second screen in a circular motion.

[0013] The vibration device includes a clamping platform, a rack, a gear, a pulley, a fourth motor, and a pressure sensor. The clamping platform is annular and located in the screening chamber, with an L-shaped cross-section. The second screen is installed in the groove of the clamping platform. The rack is annular and located on one side of the clamping platform, below the second screen. The gear meshes with the rack for transmission. The pressure sensor is located on the second screen and maintains a signal connection with the fourth motor. The pulley is coaxially located on one side of the gear, ensuring constant contact between the pulley and the second screen. The pulley diameter is larger than the gear diameter. The fourth motor is rotatably mounted in the screening chamber via a connecting structure, with its output shaft passing through the gear and pulley. The connecting structure includes a T-slot and a connecting arm. The T-slot is annular and located on the side wall of the clamping platform. The connecting arm is I-shaped, with one end fitted into the T-slot and the other end connected to the fourth motor.

[0014] Preferably, both the first screen and the first screen plate are inclined with the left side higher than the right side, and the inclination angle is 120-150 degrees.

[0015] Preferably, the conveyor frame is equipped with a first motor and a second motor, the first motor drives the first conveyor belt to rotate, and the second motor drives the second conveyor belt to rotate.

[0016] More preferably, the differential structure includes a weighing sensor; the weighing sensor is disposed below the first conveyor belt and is connected to the first motor signal.

[0017] More preferably, multiple strip-shaped barrier strips are provided on both the first conveyor belt and the second conveyor belt at intervals; the height of the strip-shaped barrier strips is 0.5-1cm.

[0018] Preferably, the overload protection device includes a speed sensor and a third motor, the output shaft of the third motor being connected to the first crushing roller; the speed sensor is disposed on the first crushing roller and maintains a signal connection with the third motor.

[0019] More preferably, a vibrator is also provided at the center of the second screen.

[0020] Preferably, a dust collection structure is also provided at the material bin, the dust collection structure including a dust collection box, a dust collection channel, a filter screen, and a dust collection fan; the dust collection box is annular and filled with liquid, and is located on the outside of the material bin; the input end of the dust collection channel leads to the crushing chamber, and the output end is located at the bottom of the dust collection box; the filter screen is located at the input end of the dust collection channel, and the dust collection fan is located inside the dust collection channel and close to the filter screen.

[0021] The advantages of this invention compared to existing technologies are: the automated feeding system has a reasonable structural design, which greatly improves the efficiency of coal gangue feeding and processing, and is more practical; this invention performs a pre-processing screening at the initial feeding node, thereby pre-screening out larger pieces of coal gangue and smaller particles, thus avoiding resource waste caused by repeated crushing and screening by using a separate transmission and reasonable resource structure configuration, thereby achieving the purpose of saving energy and efficiently transmitting materials; furthermore, by setting up a crushing roller combination structure to crush large pieces of coal gangue, and setting up a dust collection structure, the dust is concentrated and treated by a fan, which not only solves the environmentally unfriendly phenomenon of dust diffusion, but also uses the stored liquid to absorb the noise caused by vibration, thus avoiding noise pollution;

[0022] Furthermore, by setting up a vibration device to vibrate and screen multiple second screens, the transmission of intercepted materials and the falling of small particles are accelerated. The mesh size of the multiple second screens decreases sequentially, allowing for the simultaneous acquisition of various types and specifications of coal gangue materials, thereby achieving the goal of recycling and reusing them for different product applications. The more material on the second screen, the higher the frequency of the vibration device's circular rotation on the screen. This achieves the goal of intelligent and automated feeding and processing operations that integrate pre-treatment screening, crushing, and fine screening, while ensuring a reasonable configuration of material conveying resources, energy saving, orderly and efficient feeding. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A in the diagram;

[0026] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of section B in the diagram;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the material conveying mechanism of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the fracture structure of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the card holder of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the vibration device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the second screen of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the material box of the present invention.

[0033] In the diagram: 1. Feeding mechanism, 101. Feed hopper, 102. Material cylinder, 103. First screen, 104. First screen plate, 105. Vibrating motor, 106. Discharge port; 2. Conveying mechanism, 201. Conveying frame, 202. First conveyor belt, 203. Second conveyor belt, 204. First motor, 205. Second motor; 3. Screening mechanism, 31. Material box, 311. Conveying chamber, 312. Crushing chamber, 313. Screening chamber, 314. Discharge pipe, 315. Discharge pipe, 32. Crushing structure, 321. First crushing roller, 322. Second crushing roller, 33 second screen, 34 second screen plate, 35 vibration device, 351 clamping platform, 352 rack, 353 gear, 354 pulley, 355 fourth motor, 356 pressure sensor, 36 vibrator, 4 differential structure, 41 load cell, 5 overload protection device, 51 speed sensor, 52 third motor, 6 barrier belt, 7 connecting structure, 71 T-slot, 72 connecting arm, 8 dust collection structure, 81 dust collection box, 82 dust collection channel, 83 filter, 84 dust collection fan. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] It should be noted that, in specific embodiments of the present invention, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, terms such as "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, the use of phrases such as "comprising a..." to define an element does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0036] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "linked," and "equipped" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0037] Example: Figures 1-9 As shown:

[0038] An automated coal gangue feeding system is disclosed, comprising a feeding mechanism 1, a conveying mechanism 2, and a screening mechanism 3. This automated feeding system features a rational structural design, significantly improving the efficiency of coal gangue feeding and processing, and is highly practical. The invention pre-screens larger lumps and smaller particles of coal gangue at the initial feeding stage, thereby avoiding resource waste caused by repeated crushing and screening through differentiated transport and rational resource allocation, thus achieving the goals of energy conservation and efficient material transport.

[0039] like Figure 1As shown: In this embodiment, the feeding mechanism 1 includes a feeding hopper 101 and a material cylinder 102. The feeding hopper 101 is located above the material cylinder 102; the material cylinder is located on the ground. The material cylinder 102 contains a first screen 103 and a first screen plate 104 spaced vertically apart, both inclined. A vibrating motor 105 is also located at the lower end of the first screen 103. The purpose of this arrangement is to pre-screen the raw coal gangue material, facilitating the screening out of small coal gangue particles, reducing subsequent reprocessing steps, and thus enabling energy-saving material conveying based on type and quality.

[0040] Both the first screen 103 and the first screen plate 104 have discharge ports 106 on the side walls of the material cylinder 102 corresponding to the lower inclined end. The discharge ports are positioned to correspond to the conveyor belt, facilitating smooth subsequent material transport. A vibrating motor can also be installed below the first screen plate 104 to ensure efficient material transport. Both the first screen 103 and the first screen plate 104 maintain a left-high, right-low inclination, with an inclination angle of 120-150 degrees. This arrangement ensures that the material can smoothly reach the conveyor belt for complete subsequent feeding and processing operations.

[0041] like Figure 4 As shown: In this embodiment, the material conveying mechanism 2 includes a material conveying frame 201, a first conveyor belt 202, and a second conveyor belt 203. The material conveying frame 201 is disposed on the ground and is arranged with the left side higher than the right side. The first conveyor belt 202 and the second conveyor belt 203 are arranged vertically and are both rotatably disposed on the material conveying frame 201. The length of the first conveyor belt 202 is greater than that of the second conveyor belt 203, and their input ends correspond to the corresponding discharge ports 106; that is, the input end of the first conveyor belt corresponds to the upper discharge port, and the output end corresponds to the input port of the crushing chamber. The input end of the second conveyor belt corresponds to the lower discharge port, and the output end corresponds to the input port of the conveying chamber.

[0042] like Figure 4 As shown, the conveyor frame 201 is equipped with a first motor 204 and a second motor 205. The first motor 204 drives the first conveyor belt 202 to rotate, and the second motor 205 drives the second conveyor belt 203 to rotate. This arrangement ensures the normal operation of the conveyor belts. Both the first conveyor belt 202 and the second conveyor belt 203 are equipped with multiple strip-shaped barrier belts 6 spaced apart. The barrier belts are made of hard rubber. Since the first conveyor belt transports large pieces or large particles of coal gangue, the spacing between the barrier belts on the first conveyor belt is relatively large. The second conveyor belt transports small particles of coal gangue, so the spacing between the barrier belts on the second conveyor belt is relatively small to prevent small particles from slipping and stopping, thereby ensuring the stability of conveying different types of materials.

[0043] The barrier belt 6 has a height of 0.5-1cm and is used to efficiently transport coal gangue materials. In this embodiment, the first conveyor belt 202 is also connected to a differential speed structure 4, which accelerates transmission when there is a large amount of material on the first conveyor belt 202, and maintains normal uniform speed transmission when there is less material. The specific differential speed structure 4 includes a weighing sensor 41. The weighing sensor 41 is located below the first conveyor belt 202 and is signal-connected to the first motor 204. In the actual coal gangue material transportation operation, small particles account for a small proportion, about 10%-15%; medium-sized coal gangue accounts for 15%-20%, and large pieces of coal gangue still account for the majority. This arrangement allows for a reasonable design of resource allocation.

[0044] The first motor is a servo-controlled motor. Initially, the first motor operates at its normal power P (e.g., 500W). When the load cell detects that the material on the first conveyor belt has reached a preset value, the load cell triggers a signal to the first motor, which then operates at twice its normal power P1 (e.g., 1000W) to accelerate material transport and ensure efficient coal gangue feeding and processing. In this embodiment, the control between the load cell and the first motor is achieved through automatic control by a controller. The controller's control circuit can be easily programmed by those skilled in the art and is common knowledge in the field. Furthermore, since this application is primarily for protecting mechanical devices, the control method and circuit connections will not be explained in detail here.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown: In this embodiment, the screening mechanism 3 includes a material box 31, a crushing structure 32, a second screen 33, a second screen plate 34, and a vibration device 35. For example... Figure 9 As shown, the material box 31 has a cylindrical structure, while the crushing chamber is square. One side has a conveying chamber 311 corresponding to the output end of the second conveyor belt 203, and the other side has a crushing chamber 312 corresponding to the output end of the first conveyor belt 202. The first and second conveyor belts are staggered in length, which facilitates the transfer of different types of materials and avoids repeated subsequent crushing of small coal gangue materials, thus saving resources. One side of the material box is supported by a conveying frame, and the other side is fixed by support legs. A screening chamber 313 is located below the conveying chamber 311 and the crushing chamber 312.

[0046] Among them, such as Figure 5As shown, the crushing structure 32 includes a first crushing roller 321 and a second crushing roller 322, which are horizontally distributed and staggered. Specifically, the teeth on the two crushing rollers are staggered to ensure that the coal gangue material entering the crushing chamber is crushed again. The first crushing roller 321 is fixedly installed in the crushing chamber 312, while the second crushing roller 322 is rotatably installed in the crushing chamber 312. The first crushing roller 321 can also be configured to move left and right, specifically through keyway fitting and bolt fixing. The larger the distance between the first and second crushing rollers, the larger the finished particle size of the coal gangue material, thus meeting the demand for materials with different particle sizes.

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown: In this embodiment, an overload protection device 5 is also provided on the first crushing roller 321 to automatically stop the crushing operation when the rotational speed of the first crushing roller 321 is lower than a preset value. Specifically, the overload protection device 5 includes a speed sensor 51 and a third motor 52. The output shaft of the third motor 52 is connected to the first crushing roller 321; the speed sensor 51 is located on the first crushing roller 321 and maintains a signal connection with the third motor 52. Coal gangue raw materials have a certain hardness. In order to avoid damage to the crushing roller caused by harder coal gangue, resulting in adverse effects such as material processing stagnation, the automated feeding system is equipped with a protective structure. When harder coal gangue obstructs the rotational speed of the first crushing roller, the rotational speed of the first crushing roller will decrease until it reaches the preset value of the speed sensor. At this time, the speed sensor triggers a signal to the third motor. The third motor is also a servo-controlled motor. After receiving the trigger signal, the third motor stops operating to protect the equipment. At this time, the operator can perform manual operation to remove the hard coal gangue material and continue the operation of the third motor.

[0048] In this embodiment, as Figure 1 As shown, at least one second screen 33 is disposed within the screening chamber 313, and the mesh size gradually decreases from top to bottom. In this embodiment, there are two second screens, and the mesh size of the first screen is the same as that of the bottommost second screen. The specific structure of the second screen is as follows. Figure 8 As shown. The purpose of this setup is to allow smaller coal gangue particles to be directly recycled and reused without further crushing, and to be directly screened and stored. This is suitable for producing chemical products such as crystalline aluminum chloride and water glass, extracting precious and rare metals, or as fertilizer. The upper second screen has relatively large mesh sizes. After the raw coal gangue material is crushed, the coal gangue material intercepted by this screen can be used for coal recovery and coal-gangue co-firing power generation. The lower second screen has relatively small mesh sizes. The processed material intercepted by this screen is used to produce lightweight aggregates for gangue cement and concrete, refractory bricks, and other building materials.

[0049] like Figure 9As shown: A discharge pipe 314 is also connected to the side wall of the material box 31 corresponding to the second screen 33 for storing intercepted materials. The second screen plate 34 has a V-shaped structure and a discharge pipe 315 is connected to the center; it is used to store smaller particles of coal gangue. In this embodiment, the vibrating device 35 is located below the second screen 33, and the more material on the second screen 33, the higher the frequency of the vibrating device 35 rotating in a circular motion on the second screen 33. This structural design is reasonable, facilitates material screening, accelerates the falling of small-diameter materials, and facilitates the transmission of intercepted materials towards the discharge port.

[0050] like Figure 3 and Figure 7 As shown: In this embodiment, the vibration device 35 includes a clamping platform 351, a rack 352, a gear 353, a pulley 354, a fourth motor 355, and a pressure sensor 356. The clamping platform 351 has an annular structure and is disposed in the screening chamber 313, and its cross-section is L-shaped, as detailed in the following figure. Figure 6 As shown. The second screen 33 is installed in the groove of the mounting plate 351. The rack 352 is annular and is located on one side of the mounting plate 351 and below the second screen 33. The gear 353 meshes with the rack 352 for transmission.

[0051] like Figure 7 As shown, pressure sensor 356 is located at the lower end of the second screen 33 and is connected to the fourth motor 355 via a signal connection. When the pressure sensor detects that the weight of the material on the second screen reaches a preset value, it triggers a signal to the fourth motor. The fourth motor, a micro servo-controlled motor, accelerates its rotation. Pulley 354 is coaxially mounted on one side of gear 353, maintaining constant contact with the second screen 33. The diameter of pulley 354 is larger than the diameter of gear 353. The fourth motor 355 is rotatably mounted in the screening chamber 313 via connecting structure 7, and its output shaft passes through gear 353 and pulley 354. Through the cooperation of the gear and rack ring, the pulley is driven to rotate circumferentially, resulting in a circular motion of the driving point on the second screen, preventing material blockage and accelerating material transfer. Furthermore, the device is connected to an external power source via electrical wires.

[0052] In this embodiment, the control between the weighing sensor and the first motor, the speed sensor and the third motor, and the pressure sensor and the fourth motor are all automatically controlled by a controller. The control principle of the controller can be implemented by simple programming by those skilled in the art, which is common knowledge in the field. Furthermore, since this application is mainly used to protect mechanical devices, the control method and circuit connection will not be explained in detail here.

[0053] In this embodiment, as Figure 7As shown, the connecting structure 7 includes a T-slot 71 and a connecting arm 72. The T-slot 71 is annular and located on the inner wall of the mounting plate. The connecting arm 72 has an I-shaped structure, with one end fitted into the T-slot 71 and the other end connected to the fourth motor 355. A vibrator 36 is also provided at the center of the second screen 33. The purpose of this arrangement is to provide support for the fourth motor, serving as the basis for the rotation of the pulley.

[0054] In this embodiment, the bottom of the hopper is supported by legs, such as... Figure 2 As shown: A dust collection structure 8 is also provided at the material bin 31. The dust collection structure 8 includes a dust collection box 81, a dust collection channel 82, a filter screen 83, and a dust collection fan 84. The dust collection box 81 is annular and filled with liquid to absorb smoke and dust, and is located on the outside of the material bin 31. The input end of the dust collection channel 82 leads to the crushing chamber 312, and the output end is located at the bottom of the dust collection box 81. The filter screen 83 is located at the input end of the dust collection channel 82, and the dust collection fan 84 is located inside the dust collection channel 82 and close to the filter screen 83. An exhaust valve is provided at the top of the dust collection box, and a drain pipe is provided at the bottom for discharging turbid liquid or adding new liquid. By centrally absorbing and treating the smoke and dust through the fan, not only is the environmentally unfriendly phenomenon of smoke and dust spreading, but the stored liquid also absorbs the noise caused by vibration, thus avoiding noise pollution.

[0055] The working principle of an automated coal gangue feeding system: The raw coal gangue mixture enters the feed cylinder 102 through the feed hopper 101. The vibrating motor 105 below the first screen 103 is activated, which vibrates the first screen 103 and the material on it. Combined with the tilting action of the first screen 103, large pieces of material intercepted by the first screen 103 slide down to the input end of the first conveyor belt 202. Small-diameter coal gangue material falling through the mesh of the first screen 103 slides down through the first screen plate 104 to the input end of the second conveyor belt 203. This pre-screening process facilitates the removal of small-particle coal gangue, reducing subsequent reprocessing steps and enabling energy-saving material conveying by sorting and classifying the materials.

[0056] The first motor 204 and the second motor 205 are activated, and the material on the conveyor belt is smoothly transported to the material box 31 under the action of the barrier belt 6. Furthermore, in the initial state, the first motor 204 operates at its normal power P (e.g., 500W). When the weighing sensor 41 detects that the material on the first conveyor belt 202 has reached a preset value, the weighing sensor 41 triggers a signal to the first motor 204, which then operates at twice its normal power 2P (e.g., 1000W) to accelerate material transport and ensure the efficiency of coal gangue feeding and processing.

[0057] The second conveyor belt 203 carries small-diameter coal gangue material directly through the conveying chamber 311 into the screening chamber 313. In the screening chamber 313, the material is classified, screened, and stored under the action of the second screen 33. Larger pieces of material from the first conveyor belt 202 enter the crushing chamber 312. Initially, the third motor 52 operates normally. When harder coal gangue obstructs the rotational speed of the first crushing roller 321, the speed of the first crushing roller 321 decreases until it reaches the preset value of the speed sensor 51. At this point, the speed sensor 51 triggers a signal to the third motor 52. The third motor 52, also a servo-controlled motor, stops operating upon receiving the trigger signal to protect the equipment. At this time, workers can manually remove the hard coal gangue material and restart the third motor 52.

[0058] After being crushed, the coal gangue material first falls onto the uppermost second screen 33. In this embodiment, two second screens 33 with different mesh sizes are preferably used, thus ensuring the collection and storage of coal gangue material of relatively large, medium, and small sizes. Taking the operation of the uppermost second screen 33 as an example, the second screen 33, in conjunction with the vibration device 35 and the vibrator 36, efficiently screens the crushed material. The fourth motor 355 starts, driving the gear 353 to rotate in a circular motion along the rack 352. The gear 353 and the pulley 354 rotate coaxially. We define the point where the pulley 354 lifts the second screen 33 as the driving point. The fourth motor 355 drives this driving point to rotate in a circular motion, thus generating a shaking effect on the second screen 33, shaking the material on the second screen 33 in all directions. Combined with the action of the vibrator 36, this prevents the screen from clogging.

[0059] In the initial state, the fourth motor 355 is set to rotate at a constant speed V. When the pressure sensor 356 senses that the weight of the material on the second screen 33 has reached the preset value, it triggers a signal to the fourth motor 355, which then accelerates to rotate at a speed of 2V. This results in the more material on the second screen 33, the higher the frequency of the vibration device 35 shaking the second screen 33 in a circular motion. This achieves the goal of intelligent and automated feeding and processing operations that integrate pre-treatment screening, crushing, and fine screening, while also meeting the requirements of reasonable material resource structure configuration, energy saving, orderly and efficient feeding.

[0060] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An automated coal gangue feeding system, characterized in that: The feeding system includes a feeding mechanism, a conveying mechanism, and a screening mechanism; The feeding mechanism includes a feeding hopper and a material cylinder. The feeding hopper is located above the material cylinder. The material cylinder is provided with a first screen and a first screen plate that are spaced apart vertically and are both inclined. A vibration motor is also provided at the lower end of the first screen. The material cylinder sidewalls corresponding to the lower ends of the first screen and the first screen plate are provided with discharge ports. The material conveying mechanism includes a material conveying frame, a first conveyor belt, and a second conveyor belt. The material conveying frame is set on the ground. The first conveyor belt and the second conveyor belt are distributed vertically and are rotatably mounted on the material conveying frame. The length of the first conveyor belt is greater than that of the second conveyor belt, and the input ends of the two belts correspond to the corresponding discharge ports. The first conveyor belt is also connected to a differential speed structure so that when the material on the first conveyor belt exceeds a preset value, the transmission is accelerated, and otherwise the transmission is normal and uniform. The screening mechanism includes a material box, a crushing structure, a second screen, a second screen plate, and a vibration device. The material box has a cylindrical structure with a conveying chamber on one side corresponding to the output end of the second conveyor belt and a crushing chamber on the other side corresponding to the output end of the first conveyor belt. A screening chamber is located below the conveying chamber and the crushing chamber. The crushing structure includes a first crushing roller and a second crushing roller, which are horizontally distributed and staggered. The first crushing roller is fixedly installed in the crushing chamber, and the second crushing roller is rotatably installed in the crushing chamber. An overload protection device is also provided on the first crushing roller to automatically stop the crushing operation when the rotational speed of the first crushing roller is lower than a preset value. The second screen is at least one set in the screening chamber, and the mesh size of the screens distributed from top to bottom gradually decreases. The material box wall on one side corresponding to the second screen is also connected to a discharge pipe. The second screen plate has a V-shaped structure and a discharge pipe is connected to the center. The vibrating device is set below the second screen, and the more material on the second screen, the higher the frequency of the vibrating device shaking the second screen in a circular motion. The vibration device includes a clamping platform, a rack, a gear, a pulley, a fourth motor, and a pressure sensor; the clamping platform has a ring structure and is set in the screening chamber, and has an L-shaped cross-section, with the second screen installed in the groove position of the clamping platform. The rack is annular and positioned on one side of the clamping platform, below the second screen; the gear meshes with the rack for transmission; a pressure sensor is positioned on the second screen and maintains a signal connection with the fourth motor; a pulley is coaxially positioned on one side of the gear, ensuring constant contact between the pulley and the second screen, and the pulley diameter is larger than the gear diameter; the fourth motor is rotatably mounted in the screening chamber via a connecting structure, with its output shaft passing through the gear and pulley; the connecting structure includes a T-slot and a connecting arm; the T-slot is annular and positioned on the side wall of the clamping platform, and the connecting arm is I-shaped, with one end fitted into the T-slot and the other end connected to the fourth motor.

2. The automated coal gangue feeding system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Both the first screen and the first screen plate are inclined with the left side higher than the right side, and the inclination angle is 120-150 degrees.

3. The automated coal gangue feeding system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The material conveyor is equipped with a first motor and a second motor. The first motor drives the first conveyor belt to rotate, and the second motor drives the second conveyor belt to rotate.

4. The automated coal gangue feeding system as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The differential structure includes a weighing sensor; the weighing sensor is located below the first conveyor belt and is connected to the first motor signal.

5. The automated coal gangue feeding system as described in claim 4, characterized in that: Multiple strip-shaped barrier belts are provided at intervals on both the first and second conveyor belts; the height of the barrier belts is 0.5-1cm.

6. The automated coal gangue feeding system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The overload protection device includes a speed sensor and a third motor, the output shaft of which is connected to the first crushing roller; the speed sensor is located on the first crushing roller and is connected to the third motor.

7. The automated coal gangue feeding system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A vibrator is also provided at the center of the second screen.

8. The automated coal gangue feeding system as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A dust collection structure is also provided at the material box, which includes a dust collection box, a dust collection channel, a filter screen, and a dust collection fan. The dust collection box is annular and filled with liquid, and is located on the outside of the material box. The input end of the dust collection channel leads to the crushing chamber, and the output end is located at the bottom of the dust collection box. The filter screen is located at the input end of the dust collection channel, and the dust collection fan is located inside the dust collection channel and close to the filter screen.

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