A lakeside belt for delaying water level drop and its construction method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a lakeside zone for delaying water level drop, comprising a high water level line L high and low water level L low Several groups of transverse water storage belts are arranged between the lakes, each comprising a plurality of lake bubbles arranged obliquely from shallow to deep along the lakeside area, and transverse channels connecting adjacent lake bubbles. The lake bubbles at corresponding positions in the plurality of transverse water storage belts are connected to form a longitudinal water storage belt by longitudinal channels, and a one-way water inlet gate is provided at the connection between the top of the longitudinal channel and the bottom of the lake bubble. The lower level lake bubbles in the higher transverse water storage belt are connected to the upper level lake bubbles in the lower transverse water storage belt. The gaps between the lake bubbles are backfilled with soil to form a lakeside backfill area, and the lakeside backfill area is planted with emergent plants, floating-leaf plants, and submerged plants in descending order. Submerged plants are planted inside the lake bubbles. The present invention effectively extends the water flow distance in the lakeside area, slows down the rate of water level drop, and reduces the adverse effects of water level drop on the embryonic development stage of laying (sinking) sticky fish eggs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of water ecological restoration, and in particular to a lakeside zone for delaying water level drop and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In lake ecosystems, fish are among the most vulnerable groups to water-level regulation. On the one hand, water-level fluctuations directly determine fish habitats and influence their relationships with other species, including fish. On the other hand, water-level fluctuations also have a direct impact on their reproductive activities. Rising water levels can stimulate gonadal development and spawning, while falling water levels can expose fertilized eggs to air, leading to mass mortality. Ruan Rui et al. (2017) found that declining water levels in the Three Gorges Reservoir area have a significant adverse effect on the reproduction of fish species that lay (sinking) sticky eggs, such as carp and crucian carp. Yang Fan et al. (2022) explored how the exposure of shallows in connected lakes, such as Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake, caused by declining water levels in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, may have a significant impact on the reproduction of sticky-eating fish. Mitigating the impact of water-level fluctuations on fish life has garnered widespread attention. Liang Lili et al. (2011) investigated the survival and reproduction characteristics of cold-water freshwater fish in Ulungur Lake and proposed a method for calculating the minimum ecological water level of lakes based on the relationship between fish, salinity, and water volume in arid lakes. Using this method, they calculated the minimum ecological water levels of Buluntohai Lake and Jili Lake to be 476.12 meters and 478.12 meters, respectively. Wang Huake (2013) proposed, based on the ecological needs of aquatic organisms, that Chaohu Lake maintains a low water level of 7.5 meters in winter and spring, rising to over 8.5 meters in summer, resulting in a low-winter, high-summer ecological water level fluctuation pattern. Xu Zhixia et al. (2004) determined the minimum ecological water level of the South Four Lakes by combining the results of three methods: natural water level data, lake morphology analysis, and the minimum space requirement method. Xu Qiang et al. (2022) studied characteristic water levels under four conditions—year-round, flood season, non-flood season, and fish spawning and rearing season—to meet the multifunctional needs of lakes. They ultimately determined that the suitable ecological water level for Yangcheng Lake is 3.20 m, with a minimum ecological water level of 2.90 m. Furthermore, scholars have proposed methods for calculating lake ecological water levels to scientifically control lake water levels. For example, Liu Xueqin et al. (2016) proposed a method for calculating lake ecological water level processes based on the water level requirements of aquatic plants at different growth and development stages. Chen Qiuwen et al. (2019) also published a method for regulating the ecological water level of plain shallow lakes from the perspective of aquatic plant germination, growth, and recovery. Jiang Bo et al. (2020) published an experimental water level regulation method for migratory bird wintering lakes based on the water level-lake capacity relationship. Dong Zengchuan et al. (2022) proposed a method for predicting suitable ecological water levels based on the water quality-water level binary response relationship. These research results and technical methods provide a sufficient scientific basis for the formulation and control of lake ecological water levels, effectively safeguarding lake water quality and aquatic biodiversity. However, ecological water level management strategies are often difficult to implement in reservoir lakes such as the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. To meet summer flood control and winter water supply needs, the water level fluctuation rhythms of these reservoir lakes are diametrically opposed to natural fluctuations, exhibiting a distinct off-seasonal water level fluctuation rhythm. This is highly inconsistent with the biological characteristics, phenological rhythms, and life history traits of fish that have evolved over long periods of time.Among them, the continued decline in water levels during the fish breeding season, which causes exposed mudflats and the drying up and death of fish eggs, is particularly harmful. Guo Longgen et al. (2022) proposed a method for the artificial construction of lake fish habitats. In natural environments or artificial habitats with large water level drops and unstable water flows, floating islands and aquatic plants are used outside the construction area to create growth space for fish and other aquatic animals. Artificial fish nests or bionic aquatic plants are used to create breeding space for fish and other aquatic animals. This promotes the recovery of fish population structure and improves the ecological environment. This method has certain applicability in waters with relatively large slopes, but it may fail in shallow lakes with relatively small slopes due to stranding. Currently, there is no mature technical means to effectively mitigate the impact of water level decline in shallow lakes on the reproduction of fish that lay (sink) sticky eggs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a lakeside belt and its construction method that can effectively delay the decline of water levels in shallow lakes, and effectively slow down the adverse effects of water level decline on the reproduction of fish that lay (sink) sticky fish eggs.

[0004] Technical solution: The present invention provides a lakeside zone for delaying water level drop, which includes a zone along the high water level line L of the lakeside area. high and low water level L low Several groups of transverse water storage belts are set up between them, and the transverse water storage belts include several lake bubbles arranged obliquely from shallow to deep along the lakeside area and transverse channels connecting adjacent lake bubbles; the lake bubbles at corresponding positions in the several groups of transverse water storage belts are connected to form longitudinal water storage belts along the lakeside area from low water level to high water level by longitudinal channels, and a one-way water inlet gate is provided at the connection between the top of the longitudinal channel and the bottom of the lake bubble; the lake bubble of the lower level in the high-level transverse water storage belt is connected to the lake bubble of the upper level in the low-level transverse water storage belt through an oblique channel;

[0005] Among them, the gap between the lake bubble and the horizontal channel, longitudinal channel or oblique channel is backfilled with soil to form a lakeside backfill area, and the lakeside backfill area is planted with emergent plants, floating-leaf plants and submerged plants in order from high to low; submerged plants are planted inside the lake bubble.

[0006] Preferably, the lake bubble is a cylindrical structure, with a cylindrical radius of 10m≦r≦50m and a cylindrical height of 0.6m≦h≦1.4m.

[0007] Preferably, the elevation difference between the bottoms of adjacent lake bubbles in the transverse water storage belt is 5 cm ≦ Δh1 ≦ 10 cm, and the elevation difference between the bottoms of lake bubbles in two adjacent transverse water storage belts is 15 ≦ Δh2 ≦ 25 cm.

[0008] Preferably, the elevation of the first-level lake bubble around the horizontal water storage belt at the high water level is the high water level L of the lake area. highSubtract the minimum spawning depth H0 of fish, which is at the low water line L low The elevation around the lowest lake bubble in the horizontal water storage belt and the low water level line L of the lake area low Flat.

[0009] Preferably, the cross-section of the transverse channel is rectangular, and its bottom elevation decreases uniformly with the bottom elevation difference Δh1 of the lake bubbles at both ends; the horizontal angle of the transverse channel is 5°≦α≦15°, its length is more than 3 times the radius r of the lake bubble, and its width is 1 / 16 of the circumference of the lake bubble.

[0010] Preferably, the horizontal angle of the oblique channel is 10°≦β≦30°, its length is more than 4 times the radius r of the lake bubble, and its width is 1 / 16 of the circumference of the lake bubble.

[0011] Preferably, the one-way water inlet gate includes a gate plate and a gate frame, the gate frame is an inverted trapezoidal structure, the gate plate is a rectangular plate, the gate plate area is larger than the gate frame, and the gate plate is hingedly connected to the gate frame on the lake side.

[0012] Preferably, the cross-section of the longitudinal channel is an inverted trapezoid, and the size of the longitudinal channel is consistent with the gate frame; the elevation of the bottom of the longitudinal channel is 5cm~10cm higher than the elevation of the bottom of the connected lake bubble, and the length of the longitudinal channel is greater than the radius r of the lake bubble.

[0013] Preferably, the lake bubble is fixed around and along both sides of the transverse channel, the longitudinal channel and the oblique channel by several groups of double-layer round wooden stakes with a diameter of 10-15 cm.

[0014] A method for constructing a lakeside belt comprises the following steps:

[0015] Step S1: Collect lake ecological data:

[0016] L1: Collect data on the reproductive biology of lake fish, and clarify the fish species that lay (sink) sticky eggs, spawning season, spawning site, minimum spawning depth H0, and embryonic development period T;

[0017] L2: Collect hourly water level data of lakes and statistically analyze the highest water level L during the fish breeding season high , lowest water level L low , water level continuous drop time t, water level continuous drop amplitude H1, water level continuous drop speed V indicator data;

[0018] L3: Collect lake topography data and analyze the highest water level line L in the lake area high and the lowest water level L low Underwater topographic features of the interval, determine the highest water level line L of the proposed project lake area high and the lowest water level L low Slope i, slope distance Ls and the highest water level L high The maximum width W high and the lowest water level L low The maximum width W low ;

[0019] L4: Collect geological data of the lake area to clarify the bottom type and basement structure of the proposed project lake area;

[0020] Step S2: Based on the distribution characteristics of fish spawning sites, the necessity of constructing a lakeside zone to delay water level drop is analyzed, and the risk of fertilized egg exposure is analyzed based on the continuous water level drop time t, the continuous water level drop amplitude H1, and the minimum spawning depth H0 of fish; when the time T0 of the water level drop to the minimum spawning depth is less than the embryonic development period T of a certain fish that lays (sinks) sticky eggs, it is necessary to construct a lakeside zone to delay water level drop;

[0021] Step S3: Determine engineering parameter data:

[0022] M1: Calculate the number of horizontal water storage belts N. The specific calculation formula is:

[0023] N=(L high -L low -H0-2Δh1) / Δh2;

[0024] Among them, L high is the highest water level elevation of the lake, L low is the elevation of the lowest water level of the lake, H0 is the minimum spawning depth of fish, Δh1 is the elevation difference between the bottoms of adjacent lake bubbles in the same horizontal water storage zone, and Δh2 is the elevation difference between the bottoms of lake bubbles in two adjacent horizontal water storage zones;

[0025] M2: Calculate and determine the radius r of the lake bubble and the total length L of the horizontal channel total The water flow time in the "S"-shaped path composed of lake bubbles, horizontal channels, and oblique channels is greater than the embryonic development period T of all fish that lay (sink) sticky eggs. The specific calculation formula is:

[0026] r≦(W high +W low ) / 24, L total ≧TV / 12r;

[0027] Among them, W high The highest water level L high The maximum width, W low The lowest water level L low The maximum width, the water level continues to drop at a speed V;

[0028] M3: Calculate the distance L between lake bubbles in the longitudinal water storage belt H, the specific calculation formula is:

[0029] L H =(L s -2Nr) / N;

[0030] Among them, L s L is the highest water level of the lake area high and the lowest water level L low The slope distance between them, r is the radius of the lake bubble, and N is the number of horizontal water storage belts;

[0031] Step S4: Constructing the lakeshore: According to the topography and geological characteristics of the lake area, the highest water level line L is constructed in the dry season. high and the lowest water level L low The lakeshore between the two lakes is reshaped, and according to the engineering parameter data determined in step S3, lake bubble pits are excavated, and transverse channels, longitudinal channels, and diagonal channels are excavated between the lake bubble pits; the excavated matrix is backfilled in the lakeshore backfill area; and multiple groups of two-layer round wood piles are driven around the lake bubbles and on both sides of the transverse channels, longitudinal channels, and diagonal channels for fixing;

[0032] Step S5: Install a one-way water inlet gate: Install a one-way water inlet gate at the junction of the longitudinal channel and the lake bubble. Use cement to cast an inverted trapezoidal gate frame. Hingedly hang a rectangular metal gate plate on the gate frame near the inner side of the lake bubble. The gate plate fits perfectly with the gate frame when the water is falling or in still water, but is pushed open by the water flow to let in water when the water level rises.

[0033] Step S6: Constructing aquatic plant communities: When the water level in the lake changes from low to high, the lowest water level line L low To the highest water level L high Plant aquatic plants gradually; plant submerged plants in the lake bubbles and plant them in the lakeside backfill area from the lowest water level line L low To the highest water level L high The germplasms are submerged plants, floating-leaf plants and emergent plants in turn.

[0034] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following outstanding advantages:

[0035] 1. The lakeshore belt of the present invention arranges different numbers of lake bubbles on the lakeshore and is connected into an "S"-shaped path network through transverse channels and oblique channels, effectively extending the lakeshore belt water flow distance, thereby effectively slowing down the water level drop speed, striving for development time for the embryonic development of producing (sinking) sticky fish eggs, and providing a migration path for hatched fish fry, thereby slowing down the adverse effect of the water level drop on the embryonic development stage of producing (sinking) sticky fish eggs;

[0036] 2. The present invention can significantly improve the habitat heterogeneity of the shallow lake shore by transforming the underwater topography of the lake area and creating a lake shore zone with varying depths and rich aquatic plants, providing a high-quality habitat for fish. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the lakeside belt structure of the present invention.

[0038] Reference numerals:

[0039] 100. Lakeside belt; 1. Horizontal water storage belt; 2. Vertical water storage belt; 3. Horizontal channel; 4. Vertical channel; 5. Oblique channel; 6. One-way water inlet gate; 7. Lake bubble; 200. Lakeside backfill area. Implementation Method

[0040] To make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will be combined with the appended drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 1 , clearly and completely describing the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the described embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments derived by ordinary technicians in this field fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention is a lakeside belt for delaying the water level drop, the lakeside belt 100 includes a high water level line L along the lakeside area. high and low water level L lowThere are multiple groups of horizontal water storage belts 1 set up between them, and the horizontal water storage belts 1 include multiple lake bubbles 7 arranged obliquely from shallow to deep along the lakeside area and horizontal channels 3 connecting adjacent lake bubbles; the lake bubbles 7 at corresponding positions of the multiple groups of horizontal water storage belts are connected to form a longitudinal water storage belt 2 by a longitudinal channel 4 along the lakeside area from low water level to high water level, and a one-way water inlet gate 6 is provided at the connection between the top of the longitudinal channel 4 and the bottom of the lake bubble 7; the lower-level lake bubble 7 in the high-level horizontal water storage belt is connected to the upper-level lake bubble 7 in the low-level horizontal water storage belt through an oblique channel 5; specifically, each horizontal water storage belt 1 includes three lake bubbles 7, namely, upstream lake bubble, midstream lake bubble and downstream lake bubble, and the upstream lake bubble is connected to the midstream lake bubble, and the midstream lake bubble is connected to the downstream lake bubble respectively through a horizontal channel 3; the midstream lake bubble and the downstream lake bubble in the high-level horizontal water storage belt 1 are connected through The oblique channel 5 is connected with the upstream lake bubble and the midstream lake bubble of the low-level horizontal water storage belt 1, so that the lake bubble 7, the horizontal channel 3, and the oblique channel 5 form a plurality of "S"-shaped path networks to meet the downward flow of water stored in the high-level lake bubble 7 when the lake is at a low water level; the upstream lake bubble, the midstream lake bubble, and the downstream lake bubble in the horizontal water storage belt 1 at different heights form a plurality of "I"-shaped longitudinal water storage belts 2 arranged longitudinally from low water level to high water level; when the lake is flooded, the lake water rushes through the one-way water inlet gates 6 along the longitudinal channels of the longitudinal water storage belt and flows into the lake bubbles one by one for storage; when in the dry season or high-speed pumping, the water stored in the high-water level lake bubble gradually transfers to the lake bubble of the low-level horizontal water storage belt along the "S"-shaped path network, thereby slowing down the decline rate of lake water storage and providing a stable living environment for fish and aquatic products in the lake. The gaps between each lake bubble 7 and the horizontal channel 3, the longitudinal channel 4 or the oblique channel 5 are backfilled with soil to form a lakeside backfill area 200. The lakeside backfill area 200 is planted with emergent plants, floating-leaf plants and submerged plants from high to low, and submerged plants are planted inside the lake bubble 7. Among them, the emergent plants are flood-resistant and cold-resistant species such as reed and cattail, the floating-leaf plants are species such as water lily and water chestnut, and the submerged plants are species such as duckweed, Malaysian duckweed, Vallisneria, and foxtail algae. The aquatic plants distributed in the lakeside backfill area 200 and the lake bubble 7 help create a good living environment for fish in the lake.

[0042] In an optional embodiment, the lake bubble 7 is a cylindrical structure with a cylinder radius of 10m≦r≦50m and a cylinder height of 0.6m≦h≦1.4m. When the lake water level fluctuation amplitude is less than 1m, the lake bubble depth is 0.6m, and when the lake water level fluctuation amplitude is greater than 3m, the lake bubble depth is 1.4m. The bottom elevation difference of adjacent lake bubbles in the horizontal water storage belt 1 is 5cm≦Δh1≦10cm, and the bottom elevation difference of lake bubbles in two adjacent horizontal water storage belts is 15≦Δh2≦25cm. Δh1 and Δh2 increase with the increase of water level fluctuation amplitude and slope distance. The elevation of the surrounding lake bubbles upstream of the horizontal water storage belt 1 at the high water level line is the high water level line L of the lake area. highSubtract the minimum spawning depth H0 of fish, which is at the low water line L low The elevation of the downstream lake bubble of the horizontal water storage belt 1 is consistent with the low water level line L of the lake area. low The purpose is to enable the fry to enter the main lake area through the lake bubble; the lake bubble is surrounded by a double layer of round wooden stakes with a diameter of 10-15 cm to keep the shape and structure of the lake bubble stable; submerged plants are planted inside the lake bubble to provide spawning matrix for fish that produce (sinking) sticky eggs.

[0043] In an optional embodiment, the transverse channel 3 has a rectangular cross-section. The bottom elevation of the upstream end of the transverse channel 3 is level with the bottom elevation of the connected lake bubble, and the bottom elevation of the downstream end is also level with the bottom elevation of the connected lake bubble. The bottom elevation of the transverse channel 3 decreases uniformly with the bottom elevation difference Δh1 between the two lake bubbles at both ends. It is surrounded on both sides by a double layer of round wooden stakes with a diameter of 10-15 cm to maintain the morphological structure of the transverse channel. The horizontal angle of the transverse channel 3 in the same transverse water storage belt 1 is 5°≤α≤15°, its length is at least 3 times the radius r of the lake bubble 7, and its width is 1 / 16 of the circumference of the lake bubble 7. The horizontal angle of the oblique channel 5 is 10°≤β≤30°, its length is at least 4 times the radius r of the lake bubble, and its width is 1 / 16 of the circumference of the lake bubble.

[0044] In an optional embodiment, the one-way water inlet gate 6 includes a gate plate and a gate frame. The gate frame is an inverted trapezoidal structure, the gate plate is a rectangular plate, the gate plate area is larger than the gate frame, and the gate plate is hingedly connected to the gate frame on one side of the lake bubble; when the lake bubble falls into water, the gate plate is tightly fitted with the gate frame under the action of water gravity and is in a closed state, so that the water flow can only flow to the center of the lake through the horizontal channel and the oblique channel, and when the water rises, the gate plate is flushed open by the water flow and is in an open state, so that the lake water quickly flows into the lake bubble for storage.

[0045] In an optional embodiment, the cross-section of the longitudinal channel 4 is an inverted trapezoid, and the size of the longitudinal channel 4 is consistent with the gate frame; the bottom elevation of the longitudinal channel 4 is 5cm~10cm higher than the bottom elevation of the connected lake bubble, and the two sides of the longitudinal channel are surrounded by double-layer round wooden piles with a diameter of 10-15cm, and the length of the longitudinal channel is greater than the radius r of the lake bubble.

[0046] In the above embodiment, the number of round wooden piles arranged around the lake bubble 7 and along both sides of the transverse channel 3, the longitudinal channel 4 and the oblique channel 5 is set according to the diameter of the lake bubble, the width and length of the transverse channel, the longitudinal channel and the oblique channel; the lake bubble, the transverse channel, the longitudinal channel and the oblique channel can be made of precast concrete structure or high-strength fiberglass reinforced plastic material.

[0047] A method for constructing a lakeside zone for delaying water level drop comprises the following steps:

[0048] Step S1: Collect lake ecological data:

[0049] L1: Collect data on the reproductive biology of lake fish, and clarify the fish species that lay (sink) sticky eggs, spawning season, spawning site, minimum spawning depth H0, and embryonic development period T;

[0050] L2: Collect hourly water level data of lakes and statistically analyze the highest water level L during the fish breeding season high , lowest water level L low , water level continuous drop time t, water level continuous drop amplitude H1, water level continuous drop speed V indicator data;

[0051] L3: Collect lake topography data and analyze the highest water level line L in the lake area high and the lowest water level L low Underwater topographic features of the interval, determine the highest water level line L of the proposed project lake area high and the lowest water level L low Slope i, slope distance L s and the highest water level L high The maximum width W high and the lowest water level L low The maximum width W low ;

[0052] L4: Collect geological data of the lake area to clarify the bottom type and basement structure of the proposed project lake area;

[0053] Step S2: Based on the distribution characteristics of fish spawning sites, the necessity of constructing a lakeside zone to delay water level drop is analyzed, and the risk of fertilized egg exposure is analyzed based on the continuous water level drop time t, the continuous water level drop amplitude H1, and the minimum spawning depth H0 of fish; when the time T0 of the water level drop to the minimum spawning depth is less than the embryonic development period T of a certain fish that lays (sinks) sticky eggs, it is necessary to construct a lakeside zone to delay water level drop;

[0054] Step S3: Determine engineering parameter data:

[0055] M1: Calculate the number N of horizontal water storage belts 1. The specific calculation formula is:

[0056] N=(L high -L low -H0-2Δh1) / Δh2;

[0057] Among them, L high is the highest water level elevation of the lake, L low is the elevation of the lowest water level of the lake, H0 is the minimum spawning depth of fish, Δh1 is the elevation difference between the bottoms of adjacent lake bubbles in the same horizontal water storage zone, and Δh2 is the elevation difference between the bottoms of lake bubbles in two adjacent horizontal water storage zones;

[0058] M2: Calculate and determine the radius r of the lake bubble 7 and the total length L of the transverse channel 3total The water flow time in the "S"-shaped path composed of the lake bubble 7, the horizontal channel 3, and the oblique channel 5 is greater than the embryonic development period T of all fish that lay (sink) sticky eggs. The specific calculation formula is:

[0059] r≦(W high +W low ) / 24, L total ≧TV / 12r;

[0060] Among them, W high The highest water level L high The maximum width, W low The lowest water level L low The maximum width, the water level continues to drop at a speed V;

[0061] M3: Calculate the distance L between lake bubbles in the longitudinal water storage belt H , the specific calculation formula is:

[0062] L H =(L s -2Nr) / N;

[0063] Among them, L s L is the highest water level of the lake area high and the lowest water level L low The slope distance between them, r is the radius of the lake bubble, and N is the number of horizontal water storage belts;

[0064] Step S4: Constructing the lakeshore: According to the topography and geological characteristics of the lake area, the highest water level line L is constructed in the dry season. high and the lowest water level L low The lakeshore between the lake and the lake is reshaped, and according to the engineering parameter data determined in step S3, a lake bubble 7 is excavated, and a transverse channel 3, a longitudinal channel 4, and an oblique channel 5 are excavated between the lake bubble pits; the excavated matrix is backfilled in the lakeshore backfill area 200; and multiple groups of two-layer round wood piles are driven around the lake bubble 7 and on both sides of the transverse channel 3, the longitudinal channel 4, and the oblique channel 5 for fixing;

[0065] Step S5: Install a one-way water inlet gate: Install a one-way water inlet gate 6 at the junction of the longitudinal channel 4 and the lake bubble 7. Use cement to cast an inverted trapezoidal gate frame. Hang a rectangular metal gate plate hingedly on the gate frame near the inner side of the lake bubble 7. The gate plate fits perfectly with the gate frame when the water is falling or in still water, but is flushed open by the water flow to let in water when the water level rises.

[0066] Step S6: Constructing aquatic plant communities: When the water level in the lake changes from low to high, the lowest water level line L low To the highest water level L highPlant aquatic plants gradually; plant submerged plants in the lake 7 and plant them in the lakeside backfill area 200 from the lowest water level line L low To the highest water level L high The germplasms are submerged plants, floating-leaf plants and emergent plants in turn.

[0067] The above is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lakeside zone for delaying water level drop, characterized in that: The lakeside belt (100) includes a high water mark L along the lakeside area. high and low water level L low Several groups of transverse water storage belts (1) are arranged between the two sides, the transverse water storage belts (1) comprising several lake bubbles (7) arranged obliquely from shallow to deep along the lakeside area and transverse channels (3) connecting adjacent lake bubbles; the lake bubbles (7) at corresponding positions of the several groups of transverse water storage belts are connected to form a longitudinal water storage belt (2) along the lakeside area from low water level to high water level by longitudinal channels (4); a one-way water inlet gate (6) is provided at the connection between the top of the longitudinal channel (4) and the bottom of the lake bubble (7); the lower level lake bubble (7) in the high-level transverse water storage belt is connected to the upper level lake bubble (7) in the low-level transverse water storage belt through an oblique channel (5); the elevation of the first level lake bubble of the transverse water storage belt (1) at the high water level is the high water level line L of the lake area. high Subtract the minimum spawning depth H0 of fish, which is at the low water line L low The elevation of the lowest lake bubble in the horizontal water storage belt (1) and the low water level line L of the lake area low remain the same; The gap between the lake bubble (7) and the transverse channel (3), the longitudinal channel (4) or the oblique channel (5) is backfilled with soil to form a lakeside backfill area (200), and the lakeside backfill area (200) is planted with emergent plants, floating-leaf plants and submerged plants in descending order; and submerged plants are planted inside the lake bubble (7).

2. The lakeside zone for delaying water level drop according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lake bubble (7) is a cylindrical structure, with a cylindrical radius of 10m≦r≦50m and a cylindrical height of 0.6m≦h≦1.4m.

3. The lakeside zone for delaying water level drop according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom elevation difference of adjacent lake bubbles in the transverse water storage belt (1) is 5cm≦Δh1≦10cm, and the bottom elevation difference of lake bubbles in two adjacent transverse water storage belts is 15≦Δh2≦25cm.

4. The lakeside zone for delaying water level drop according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cross section of the transverse channel (3) is rectangular, and the bottom elevation thereof decreases uniformly with the bottom elevation difference Δh1 of the lake bubbles at both ends; the horizontal angle of the transverse channel (3) is 5°≦α≦15°, its length is more than 3 times the radius r of the lake bubble (7), and its width is 1 / 16 of the circumference of the lake bubble (7).

5. The lakeside zone for delaying water level drop according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal angle of the oblique channel (5) is 10°≦β≦30°, its length is more than 4 times the radius r of the lake bubble, and its width is 1 / 16 of the circumference of the lake bubble.

6. The lakeside zone for delaying water level drop according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-way water inlet gate (6) comprises a gate plate and a gate frame, the gate frame is an inverted trapezoidal structure, the gate plate is a rectangular plate, the gate plate area is larger than the gate frame, and the gate plate is hingedly connected to the gate frame on the lake side.

7. The lakeside zone for delaying water level drop according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cross section of the longitudinal channel (4) is in an inverted trapezoidal shape, and the size of the longitudinal channel (4) is consistent with that of the gate frame; the bottom elevation of the longitudinal channel (4) is 5 cm to 10 cm higher than the bottom elevation of the connected lake bubble, and the length of the longitudinal channel is greater than the radius r of the lake bubble.

8. The lakeside zone for delaying water level drop according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lake bubble (7) is fixed around and along both sides of the transverse channel (3), the longitudinal channel (4) and the oblique channel (5) by a plurality of groups of double-layer round wooden piles with a diameter of 10-15 cm.

9. A method for constructing a lakeside belt according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Collect lake ecological data: L1: Collect data on the reproductive biology of lake fish, and clarify the fish species that lay (sink) sticky eggs, spawning season, spawning site, minimum spawning depth H0, and embryonic development period T; L2: Collect hourly water level data of lakes and statistically analyze the highest water level L during the fish breeding season high , lowest water level L low , water level continuous drop time t, water level continuous drop amplitude H1, water level continuous drop speed V indicator data; L3: Collect lake topography data and analyze the highest water level line L in the lake area high and the lowest water level L low Underwater topographic features of the interval, determine the highest water level line L of the proposed project lake area high and the lowest water level L low Slope i, slope distance L s and the highest water level L high The maximum width W high and the lowest water level L low The maximum width W low ; L4: Collect geological data of the lake area to clarify the bottom type and basement structure of the proposed project lake area; Step S2: Based on the distribution characteristics of fish spawning sites, the necessity of constructing a lakeside zone to delay water level drop is analyzed, and the risk of fertilized egg exposure is analyzed based on the continuous water level drop time t, the continuous water level drop amplitude H1, and the minimum spawning depth H0 of fish; when the time T0 of the water level drop to the minimum spawning depth is less than the embryonic development period T of a certain fish that lays (sinks) sticky eggs, it is necessary to construct a lakeside zone to delay water level drop; Step S3: Determine engineering parameter data: M1: Calculate the number N of horizontal water storage belts (1). The specific calculation formula is: N=(L high -L low -H0-2Δh1) / Δh2; Among them, L high is the highest water level elevation of the lake, L low is the elevation of the lowest water level of the lake, H0 is the minimum spawning depth of fish, Δh1 is the elevation difference between the bottoms of adjacent lake bubbles in the same horizontal water storage zone, and Δh2 is the elevation difference between the bottoms of lake bubbles in two adjacent horizontal water storage zones; M2: Calculate and determine the radius r of the lake bubble (7) and the total length L of the transverse channel (3) total The water flow time in the "S"-shaped path composed of the lake bubble (7), the horizontal channel (3), and the oblique channel (5) is greater than the embryonic development period T of all fish that lay (sink) sticky eggs. The specific calculation formula is: r≦(W high +W low ) / 24,L total ≧TV / 12r; Among them, W high The highest water level L high The maximum width, W low The lowest water level L low The maximum width, the water level continues to drop at a speed V; M3: Calculate the distance L between lake bubbles in the longitudinal water storage belt H , the specific calculation formula is: <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr">L<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> H <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> =(L<h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> s <h2 style=";text-align:left;direction:ltr"> -2Nr) / N; Among them, L s L is the highest water level of the lake area high and the lowest water level L low The slope distance between them, r is the radius of the lake bubble, and N is the number of horizontal water storage belts; Step S4: Constructing the lakeshore: According to the topography and geological characteristics of the lake area, the highest water level line L is constructed in the dry season. high and the lowest water level L low The lakeshore between the lakes is reshaped, and according to the engineering parameter data determined in step S3, a lake bubble (7) pit is excavated, and a transverse channel (3), a longitudinal channel (4) and an oblique channel (5) are excavated between the lake bubble pits; the excavated matrix is backfilled in the lakeshore backfill area (200); and multiple groups of two-layer round wood piles are driven around the lake bubble (7) and on both sides of the transverse channel (3), the longitudinal channel (4) and the oblique channel (5) for fixing; Step S5: Installing a one-way water inlet gate: Install a one-way water inlet gate (6) at the junction of the longitudinal channel (4) and the lake bubble (7), cast a gate frame in an inverted trapezoidal shape with cement, and hang a rectangular metal gate plate on the gate frame near the inner side of the lake bubble (7) so that the gate plate is completely in contact with the gate frame when the water falls or the water is still, and is flushed open by the water flow to allow water to enter when the water rises; Step S6: Constructing aquatic plant communities: When the water level in the lake changes from low to high, the lowest water level line L low To the highest water level L high Plant aquatic plants gradually; plant submerged plants in the lake bubble (7) and plant submerged plants in the lakeside backfill area (200) from the lowest water level line L low To the highest water level L high The germplasms are submerged plants, floating-leaf plants and emergent plants in turn.

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