A separate trolley device and construction method for shallow-buried tunneling

Abstract

The present invention discloses a split trolley device for shallow-buried mined tunnels, which includes a vault trolley, a left split trolley and a right split trolley that are symmetrically arranged with the same structure. The left split trolley includes a steel structure frame, a first working platform, corresponding side wall forms, a first support structure, a traveling system and a vibrating system. The traveling system includes steel rails and traveling wheels. The first working platform is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the left side of the steel structure frame. Different positions of the corresponding side wall forms are respectively hinged to one end of corresponding first screw jacks at corresponding positions. The vibrating system is fixedly arranged on the steel structure frame. In the case of unclosed ground traffic, when constructing the secondary lining under the condition that the cross-section of the mined tunnel is large and the overburden is less than one times the tunnel diameter, the present invention adopts a vault trolley, a left split trolley and a right split trolley that are symmetrically arranged with the same structure, and the trolley is an integral automatic hydraulic traveling formwork, with a light structure and good economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction equipment, and particularly to a split trolley device and construction method for shallow-buried and mined tunnels. Background Art

[0002] At present, tunnel construction is carried out underground. Compared with surface roads, it is affected by more factors and has greater construction difficulty. With the emergence and continuous development of the shallow-buried and mined tunnel construction technology, tunnel construction has become more efficient. However, due to the influence of geological conditions, cross-section size, lithology, dense surrounding buildings and pipelines, and narrow construction sites, shallow-buried and mined tunnels are prone to excavation face instability and improper construction methods for the secondary lining of the tunnel during construction, which are likely to cause engineering accidents such as collapses. Existing construction devices are all integrated devices, and the construction process is also a circular simultaneous propulsion type construction according to the device position. If the trolley is withdrawn too early after circular simultaneous construction, support and reinforcement are often required. However, if there is too much support and reinforcement, it will affect the operation of equipment and personnel, and it is easy to collide and damage the support points, thus causing engineering accidents; on the contrary, if there is too little support and reinforcement, there are also quality hazards in the casting forming due to subsequent operation construction vibrations, etc.; moreover, due to the small operation space and the limitations of the number of simultaneous operations and the size of the equipment, both assembly and disassembly are restricted, resulting in a significant reduction in efficiency and a substantial increase in cost. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a split trolley device and construction method for shallow-buried and mined tunnels, which can help tunnel construction conveniently and quickly, and avoid problems such as engineering accidents prone to occur during construction, small operation space, slow disassembly and assembly, and high cost.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A split trolley device for shallow-buried and mined tunnels includes a crown trolley and left and right split trolleys with the same structure symmetrically arranged. The left split trolley includes a steel structure frame, a first working platform, corresponding side wall forms, a first support structure, a traveling system, and a vibrating system. The traveling system includes steel rails and traveling wheels; the first support structure includes a plurality of first screw jacks and foundation jacks; the first working platform is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the left side of the steel structure frame, and different positions of the corresponding side wall forms are respectively hinged to one end of the first screw jacks at the corresponding positions, and the other ends of the first screw jacks are hinged and fixed to the steel structure frame; the vibrating system is fixedly arranged on the steel structure frame; a strut is arranged between the left and right split trolleys to achieve overall stability;

[0006] The described basic jack is fixedly installed at the bottom of the steel structure frame. When it is in the extended state, it satisfies the separation of the walking wheels from the rails. When it is in the initial state, the bottom of the basic jack is suspended.

[0007] The described vault trolley includes a steel structure frame, a second working platform, a corresponding tunnel top formwork, a second support structure, a walking system, and a vibrating system. The second support structure includes an upper longitudinal beam, a bracket cross beam, a bracket column, a second screw jack, a third screw jack, and a second basic jack. The bottom of the bracket column is fixedly installed with the bracket cross beam that cooperates with the walking wheels through the second basic jack. The third screw jacks are respectively installed at the top. The corresponding tunnel top formwork bottoms are respectively fixedly installed with the bracket cross beam through the bracket columns. The bracket cross beam is horizontally installed at the top of the steel structure frame through the upper longitudinal beam. There are two second working platforms, which are respectively installed at the upper positions on both sides of the horizontally fixed steel structure frame.

[0008] It also includes a translation screw rod. When the translation screw rod is arranged on the left separation trolley, the translation screw rod is used to be arranged between the first screw jack horizontally installed above the steel structure frame and the steel structure frame. And the telescopic direction of the screw rod of the translation screw rod is the same as the telescopic direction of the corresponding first screw jack. It is used to control the position of the corresponding side wall formwork here by controlling the position of the first screw jack, so as to accurately control the position here and meet the pouring thickness.

[0009] It also includes a translation screw rod. When the translation screw rod is arranged on the vault separation trolley, the fixed end of the translation screw rod is horizontally installed above the steel structure frame, and the free end is fixedly installed with one side of the upper longitudinal beam, which is used to adjust the left and right positions.

[0010] The described cross brace is a component with an H-shaped cross-section. The top and bottom of the H-shaped component are respectively fixed to the tunnel top and bottom, and the surfaces corresponding to the left and right separation trolleys are fixedly braced by setting a fourth screw jack.

[0011] It also includes a "pin"-shaped working window.

[0012] The described vibrating system includes a flat vibrator and a manual insertion vibrator. The flat vibrator adopts an externally attached flat vibrator on the formwork.

[0013] Sleepers are not placed at the bottom of the running track of the above trolley, and the trolley is directly located on the inverted arch filling surface.

[0014] A construction method for a separated trolley device for a shallow-buried tunneling tunnel based on the claim 1 includes the following steps:

[0015] Construction Step 1: Arrange deformation observation points to ensure construction safety: Before removing the temporary steel frame in the portal section, conduct monitoring and measurement to obtain the initial data before removal. During the entire removal process, continuously observe the settlement of the tunnel crown to ensure the safety of the tunnel.

[0016] Construction Step 2: Remove the middle wall. First, use a pneumatic pick to chisel the concrete and steel mesh at the connection between the temporary inverted arch, middle wall, and primary support manually, ensuring that most of the concrete is separated from the steel reinforcement cage without damaging the primary support. The grid steel frame is removed by cutting the I-beam with electric welding to ensure a smooth and flat cutting surface without protrusions, facilitating waterproofing operations.

[0017] Construction Step 3: Remove the shotcrete and steel mesh between the temporary inverted arch steel frames: Use a pneumatic pick to chisel the shotcrete and electric welding to cut the steel mesh. During the process of chiseling the shotcrete, it should be carried out from top to bottom and from inside to outside for each steel frame. During the chiseling process, it is strictly prohibited for pedestrians and machinery to pass below. During the process of chiseling the concrete and cutting the steel mesh, try to ensure the connection of the connecting bars to prevent the temporary middle wall and steel frame from becoming unstable during chiseling.

[0018] Construction Step 4: After Step 3 is completed, first measure the bottom elevation of the track structure layer, and draw lines for the binding and positioning of the secondary lining steel bars. When there are embedded parts, use steel bars welded into brackets to position the embedded parts according to the design elevation in advance.

[0019] Construction Step 5: Before each concrete pouring, roughen the concrete poured in the previous time; after the treatment is completed and the formwork is set up, the pouring can be carried out; during pouring, the concrete is pumped and leveled, tamped, and plastered manually for the filling concrete.

[0020] Construction Step 6: Invert filling: The concrete used for the tunnel invert filling and the invert is not of the same grade. After the invert concrete reaches the initial setting, pour the filling C20 concrete to the design elevation at one time.

[0021] Construction Step 7: Carry out the construction of the side wall waterproof layer.

[0022] Construction Step 8: After Step 7 is completed, first measure and set out the binding position of the secondary lining steel bars, fix them with positioning bars, and then complete the binding of the secondary lining steel bars for the side wall.

[0023] Construction Step 9: After Step 8 is completed, first pour the side walls on both sides; after the left and right split trolleys are manually pushed to the working position in cooperation with the walking wheels and steel rails, according to the horizontal bracing positions of the left and right split trolleys, chisel the local temporary middle partition wall that affects the bracing of the left and right split trolleys or cut off the local steel frames, and fix and tighten them by adjusting the third screw jack to ensure the effective connection of the horizontal supports of the left and right split trolleys; then adjust the height of the foundation jacks to separate the bottoms of the left and right split trolleys from the tracks, and then adjust the state of the second screw jacks to adjust the heights of the left and right split trolleys, and further make the heights of the corresponding side wall forms set on the first screw jacks in place; then horizontally adjust the extended states of the first screw jacks to make the thickness of the side wall forms and the tunnel side walls meet the set value, and the side wall pouring can be realized.

[0024] Construction Step 10: When pouring the side wall concrete, the staff on the operating platform use a combination of manual insertion vibrators and high-frequency vibrators of the trolley through the vibration system; the joint area should be chiseled before the concrete construction; after the waterproof concrete is poured, it should be cured in time by spraying and watering after final setting.

[0025] Construction Step 11: After the side waist secondary lining concrete is poured to reach the concrete demoulding strength, the foundation jacks can be adjusted back to the initial state, and according to the design requirements, 45C I-beams should be added in time for replacement bracing, with the I-beam support spacing of 3m. After ensuring that there is no cantilever phenomenon in the arch waist secondary lining, the left and right split trolleys can be pushed along the track to the next working area for repeated side wall pouring.

[0026] Construction Step 12: After the side wall pouring in the current working area is completed, the crown construction can be started, cutting off the remaining middle partition wall and temporary inverted arch, and carrying out the crown base surface treatment and waterproof construction.

[0027] Construction Step 13: After the crown waterproof layer construction is completed, repeat the above Step 8 for the crown secondary lining steel bar construction.

[0028] Construction Step 14: After Step 13 is completed, with the cooperation of the walking wheels and the tracks, the crown trolley reaches the processing position, and the corresponding crown form is adjusted to the corresponding position of the crown and fixed: Similarly, after the foundation jacks extend a certain height, the walking wheels are separated from the rails, and then the staff adjust the second screw jacks to increase the height of the steel structure frame, so that the bracket columns on the bracket cross beam drag the corresponding crown form upward until it meets the height requirements. At this time, adjust the first screw jacks so that the crown forms at the corresponding positions can be closely attached to the poured side walls, so as to realize the fixation of the crown forms, and then the crown pouring can be carried out.

[0029] Construction Step 15: When pouring concrete for the vault, use a high-frequency flat vibrator on the trolley for vibration. Before concrete construction, the joint should be roughened. After the waterproof concrete is poured, restore the foundation jacks to their initial state at this time, move the vault trolley to the next working area where the side wall pouring is completed for operation. After final setting, promptly spray and sprinkle water for curing until the tunnel pouring is completed.

[0030] In the case of unclosed ground traffic, the present invention is used for the secondary lining construction of an underground excavation tunnel with a large cross-section and a soil cover less than one times the tunnel diameter. It adopts a vault trolley and left and right separated trolleys with the same structure symmetrically arranged, and the trolley has an integral automatic hydraulic walking formwork, which is light in structure, fast in installation and disassembly, has a high turnover rate, low overall construction cost and good economic benefits. It solves the technical problem that ordinary machinery cannot operate in a narrow space. Moreover, by adopting the integral automatic hydraulic walking formwork of the trolley, it saves the time for formwork assembly and transportation, reduces noise emissions, improves the working conditions, and has good civilized and environmental protection construction effects. The present invention adopts a separated trolley with good integrity, the appearance quality of the cast-in-place secondary lining concrete is good, the formwork can move integrally and quickly, the civilized and environmental protection construction effect is good, the technical level reaches the international advanced level, and it well solves the deficiencies in the prior art. It is simple to operate, safe and reliable, improves work efficiency, and ensures project quality and construction safety. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0031] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the usage state of the left separated trolley and the right separated trolley of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a right view of the right separated trolley of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the usage state of the vault trolley of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a side view of the vault trolley of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0037] As Figure 1 , 2 , 3, and 4 show, the present invention includes a vault trolley and left and right separation trolleys with the same structure and symmetrically arranged. The left separation trolley includes a steel structure frame, a first working platform 7, corresponding side wall formwork 1, a first support structure, a traveling system 12, and a vibrating system. The traveling system 12 includes steel rails 16 and traveling wheels; the first support structure includes a plurality of first screw jacks 8 and foundation jacks 15; the first working platform 7 is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the left side of the steel structure frame. Different positions of the corresponding side wall formwork 1 are respectively hinged to one end of the first screw jack 8 at the corresponding position, and the other end of the first screw jack 8 is hinged and fixed to the steel structure frame; the vibrating system is fixedly arranged on the steel structure frame; a strut is arranged between the left and right separation trolleys to achieve overall stability; the left and right separation trolleys achieve lateral stability of the work through symmetry, and use the lateral stability to stably support the side wall formwork. Moreover, the support uses screw jacks, which can well adapt to the arc requirements of the side wall.

[0038] The foundation jack 15 is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the steel structure frame. When it is in the extended state, it satisfies the separation of the traveling wheels from the steel rails. When it is in the initial state, the bottom of the foundation jack 15 is suspended; by setting hydraulic jacks, the state switching between traveling and fixing can be satisfied. During work, due to the suspended setting, combined with the force of the strut, a stable working environment can be maintained. The steel structure frame is composed of a plurality of cross beams 2, columns 5, and longitudinal beams 10. In actual use, longitudinal scissor braces 14 are also arranged between the columns 5. By setting the longitudinal scissor braces 14, the connection between the columns is made more stable.

[0039] The side wall formwork 1 described above is made up of multiple segmented formworks. The segmented formworks are fixed to each other by formwork connecting beams 11, and the top is suspended on the uppermost longitudinal connecting beam 13 by formwork hanging brackets 3. It also includes a first translation screw rod 4, which is arranged between the first screw jack 8 horizontally disposed above the steel structure frame and the steel structure frame. The telescopic direction of the screw rod of the first translation screw rod 4 is the same as that of the corresponding first screw jack 8, and is used to control the position of the corresponding side wall formwork at this place by controlling the position of the first screw jack 8, so as to accurately control the position here and meet the pouring thickness. In the above structure, in cooperation with the horizontally arranged first translation screw rod 4, the distance between the side wall formwork 1 and the side wall can be accurately controlled. At the same time, lateral screw rods 6 are horizontally arranged in the middle and lower parts of the side wall formwork, and the distance between the middle and lower parts of the side wall formwork 1 and the side wall is realized through the lateral screw rods 6. A vertical telescopic rod 9 is also arranged at the bottom of the column, which is connected to the bottom traveling device, so that the vertical height can be changed and adjusted.

[0040] The described vault trolley includes a steel structure frame, a second working platform 33, a corresponding tunnel top formwork 31, a second support structure, a traveling system 31, and a vibrating system. The second support structure includes a bracket crossbeam 22, bracket columns 23, a second screw jack 28, a third screw jack, and a second foundation jack 36. The bottom of the bracket column is fixedly arranged with the bracket crossbeam cooperating with the traveling wheels through the second screw jack 28. The third screw jacks are respectively arranged at the bottom of the corresponding tunnel top formwork 1 and are fixedly arranged with the bracket crossbeam 22 through the bracket columns 23. The bracket crossbeam 22 is horizontally arranged at the top of the steel structure frame. There are two second working platforms 33, which are respectively arranged at the upper positions on both sides of the horizontally fixed steel structure frame. The setting of the vault trolley also uses screw jacks as the up-and-down height adjustment mechanism to meet certain requirements. Through the cooperation of the bracket columns and the bracket crossbeam at the top, the arc change of the formwork is better realized, making the upper formwork assembly more in line with the requirements of the arc and rigidity, and ensuring the stability of the subsequent pouring. During actual use, the arch structure frame of the vault trolley is built by a gantry crossbeam 26, 35 gantry longitudinal connecting beams, gantry columns 27, and a lower longitudinal beam 30. Among them, an upper longitudinal beam 25 is also arranged on the arch structure frame. A bracket crossbeam 22 is horizontally arranged on the upper longitudinal beam 25. A longitudinal limiting block 32 is provided on the upper longitudinal beam for limiting the travel of the bracket crossbeam 22 on the upper longitudinal beam 25 to prevent them from falling off. A plurality of longitudinal trusses 34 are also arranged between the columns for further reinforcement. During actual use, a second rail 37 is also arranged at the bottom, and a vertical telescopic rod 29 is also arranged inside the column. A second translation screw rod 24 is also arranged here. The fixed end of the second translation screw rod 24 is fixedly arranged with the bottom of the top of the frame, and the horizontal telescopic end is in contact with the upper longitudinal beam 25, so that the position of the upper longitudinal beam 25 can be adjusted. During actual use, two second translation screw rods 24 are arranged on the left and right, and thus the left and right fine-tuning can be realized. During fine-tuning, the relative lateral positions of the bracket crossbeam 22, bracket columns 23, and the third screw jack on the upper longitudinal beam 25 are driven to adjust, so that the corresponding tunnel top formwork 31 can be horizontally made to fit the arc of the vault, and thus the uniform setting of the distance can be realized.

[0041] The described bracing 42 is a component with an H-shaped cross-section. The top and bottom of the H-shaped component are respectively fixed to the top and bottom of the tunnel, and the surfaces corresponding to the left and right separation trolleys are fixed and tightened by setting fourth screw jacks 45. Through symmetric setting, the overall control of the thickness and stability of the side wall formworks on both sides is satisfied, which is convenient for subsequent pouring construction and maintenance.

[0042] It also includes a "pin"-shaped working window 41, which is arranged on the steel structure frame on the side close to the tunnel wall of the left and right separation trolleys. A plurality of diagonal braces are arranged in the middle of the steel structure frame to reinforce the steel structure frame. Adding the "pin"-shaped working window can facilitate the operator to fix and adjust the side wall formwork more quickly.

[0043] The vibrating system 43 includes a flat vibrator and a manual inserted vibrator. The flat vibrator adopts an externally attached flat vibrator on the formwork. The vibrating system is directly arranged on the steel structure frame, which is convenient for vibrating the poured concrete in time after the formwork assembly is fixedly installed, saving the handling time of the equipment and improving the overall work efficiency.

[0044] During actual use, when the side wall is constructed by the above trolley and reaches the concrete demoulding strength, the second lining trolley, that is, the left and right separation trolleys, can be loosened in time, and 45C I-beams can be added in time for replacement support. The support spacing of the I-beam is 3m to ensure that there is no cantilever phenomenon in the second lining of the arch waist.

[0045] During actual use, the walking device at the bottom of the trolley includes 43kg rails, and no sleepers are placed under the rails. It is directly located on the inverted arch filling surface. There is no hydraulic device between the formwork of each trolley and the trolley. They are connected together by 4 groups of screw mechanical jacks, and the formwork can be easily adjusted in position by the screw jacks to piece together the side wall formwork that meets the structural accuracy requirements. The overall stability is achieved by setting a pair of braces between the left and right separated trolleys. Further, during use, according to the actual tunnel requirements, when the height of the steel structure frame is too high, ladders 46 are adaptively arranged on the sides of the crown trolley and the left and right separated trolleys with the same symmetrical structure, which is convenient for the operator to quickly and safely get on and off the operation platform at a certain height. In this application, each component can be set in multiple numbers according to actual needs. The above documents only elaborate on its basic structural principle, mainly to achieve the function, rather than precisely depict the composition of each component. Overall, this application is a mobile and lifting frame structure, combined with the horizontal and vertical movement control of the spliced formwork, so that precise position operations can be carried out in the height and horizontal directions. Furthermore, with the adaptability of the splicable formwork, it can meet the arcs of each side wall and the crown, and then achieve precise control before pouring, providing guarantee for subsequent construction.

[0046] A construction method based on the above-mentioned separated trolley device for shallow-buried tunneling includes the following steps:

[0047] Construction step 1: Arrange deformation observation points to ensure construction safety: Before removing the temporary steel frame at the tunnel entrance section, carry out monitoring and measurement to obtain the initial data before removal. During the entire removal process, continuously observe the settlement of the tunnel crown to ensure the safety of the tunnel.

[0048] Construction Step 2: Demolish the middle partition wall. First, use a pneumatic pick to chisel the concrete and steel mesh at the joints between the temporary inverted arch, the middle partition wall, and the primary support manually, ensuring that most of the concrete and steel reinforcement cage are separated without damaging the primary support; use electric welding to cut the I-beams of the lattice steel frame to ensure that the cutting surface is smooth and flat without protrusions, facilitating waterproofing operations.

[0049] Construction Step 3: Demolish the shotcrete and steel mesh between the temporary inverted arch steel frames: Use a pneumatic pick to chisel the shotcrete and electric welding to cut the steel mesh. During the process of chiseling the shotcrete, it should be carried out from top to bottom and from inside to outside for each steel frame. Pedestrians and machinery are strictly prohibited from passing below during the chiseling process; during the process of chiseling the concrete and cutting the steel mesh, try to ensure the connection of the connecting bars to prevent the temporary middle partition wall and the steel frame from becoming unstable during the chiseling period.

[0050] Construction Step 4: After Step 3 is completed, first measure the bottom elevation of the track structure layer, and draw a positioning line for the binding of the secondary lining steel bars. When there are embedded parts, use steel bars to weld into brackets in advance according to the design elevation to position the embedded parts;

[0051] Construction Step 5: Before pouring concrete each time, roughen the concrete poured last time; after the treatment is completed and the formwork is set up, pouring can be carried out; during pouring, the concrete is pumped and leveled, tamped, and plastered manually for the filling concrete.

[0052] Construction Step 6: Invert filling: The concrete used for the tunnel invert filling is not of the same grade as that for the invert. After the invert concrete reaches the initial setting strength, pour the filling C20 concrete at one time to the design elevation;

[0053] Construction Step 7: Carry out the waterproof layer construction on the side walls;

[0054] Construction Step 8: After Step 7 is completed, first measure and set out the position for binding the secondary lining steel bars, fix them with positioning bars, and then complete the binding of the secondary lining steel bars on the side walls;

[0055] Construction Step 9: After Step 8 is completed, pour the two side walls first; after the left and right separated formwork carriers are manually pushed to the working position in cooperation with the walking wheels and steel rails, according to the horizontal bracing positions of the left and right separated formwork carriers, chisel the local temporary middle partition wall that affects the horizontal bracing of the left and right separated formwork carriers or cut off the local steel frame, and fix and tighten it by adjusting the third screw jack to ensure the effective connection of the horizontal support of the left and right separated formwork carriers; then adjust the height of the foundation jacks to separate the bottoms of the left and right separated formwork carriers from the track, and then adjust the state of the second screw jack, thereby adjusting the height of the left and right separated formwork carriers, and further making the height of the corresponding side wall formwork set on the first screw jack in place; then horizontally adjust the extended states of each first screw jack to make the thickness of the side wall formwork and the tunnel side wall meet the set value, and the side wall pouring can be realized;

[0056] Construction step 10: When pouring concrete for the side wall, the workers use a combination of manual insertion vibrators and high-frequency vibrators on the trolley through the vibration system on the operating platform. Before the concrete construction, the joint surface should be roughened. After the waterproof concrete is poured, it should be cured in time by spraying or watering after final setting.

[0057] Construction step 11: After the concrete pouring of the side waist secondary lining reaches the demoulding strength of the concrete, the foundation jacks can be adjusted back to the initial state. According to the design requirements, 45C I-beams should be added in time for replacement bracing. The spacing of the I-beam supports is 3m. After ensuring that there is no cantilever phenomenon in the arch waist secondary lining, the left and right split trolleys can be pushed along the track to the next working area for repeated side wall pouring.

[0058] Construction step 12: After the side wall pouring in the current working area is completed, the construction of the arch crown can be started. Cut off the remaining middle partition wall and temporary inverted arch, and carry out the treatment of the arch crown base surface and waterproof construction.

[0059] Construction step 13: After the waterproof layer construction of the arch crown is completed, repeat the above step 8 for the steel bar construction of the arch crown secondary lining.

[0060] Construction step 14: After step 13 is completed, with the cooperation of the walking wheels and the track, the arch crown trolley reaches the processing position, and the corresponding arch crown formwork is adjusted to the corresponding position of the arch crown and fixed: Similarly, after the foundation jacks extend a certain height, the walking wheels are separated from the rails, and then the workers adjust the second screw jack to increase the height of the steel structure frame, so that the bracket columns on the bracket cross beam drag the corresponding tunnel crown formwork upward until the height requirement is met. At this time, adjust the first screw jack so that the tunnel crown formwork at the corresponding position can be closely attached to the poured side wall, thus realizing the fixation of the tunnel crown formwork, and then the tunnel crown pouring can be carried out.

[0061] Construction step 15: When pouring concrete for the arch crown, vibration is carried out by using the high-frequency flat vibrator on the trolley. Before the concrete construction, the joint surface should be roughened. After the waterproof concrete is poured, the foundation jacks are restored to the initial state at this time, and the arch crown trolley is pushed to the next working area where the side wall pouring is completed for operation. After final setting, it should be cured in time by spraying or watering.

[0062] In this application, after the initial support construction of the shallow-buried tunneling method is completed, the construction method of the secondary lining is divided into three parts: the invert, the waist of the arch, and the crown of the arch. In the first step, the bottom of the temporary middle wall is cut off and the invert is constructed. In the second step, the waist of the arch is constructed. After the invert is constructed, according to the monitoring data, part of the temporary invert is cut off in sections, and the method of cutting every other one is adopted during the cutting. After the cutting of the temporary invert is completed, the tunnel base surface is treated, the waterproof construction and the steel bar binding are carried out. After passing the acceptance, the separated formwork trolley is used for the secondary lining construction of the waist of the arch. The local temporary middle wall that affects the strut of the formwork trolley is chiseled off or part of the steel frame is cut off. The separated formwork trolley uses steel pipes for opposite jacking to prevent the displacement of the formwork trolley during the concrete pouring process. The concrete is poured by using a ground pump. After the concrete of the secondary lining of the waist of the arch reaches the demoulding strength, the secondary lining formwork trolley is loosened in time, and the 45C I-beam is erected in time for replacement strut. The spacing of the I-beam supports is 3m to ensure that there is no cantilever phenomenon in the secondary lining of the waist of the arch. In the third step, the crown of the arch is constructed. The remaining temporary invert and the middle partition wall are cut off in sections, and the base surface treatment, waterproof construction and steel bar construction of the crown of the arch are carried out. After the construction is completed, the crown formwork trolley is used for the concrete pouring of the secondary lining of the crown of the arch. Through the above separated formwork trolley structure, the whole process can be constructed flexibly, that is, the construction of the two side walls is carried out first, and then the construction of the crown of the arch is carried out. In this way, the miniaturized disassembly and assembly of the formwork trolley are realized, and the overall construction processing efficiency is greatly improved.

[0063] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that for the orientation terms, if there are terms such as "center", "horizontal", "longitudinal", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., the indicated orientation and position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and should not be construed as limiting the specific protection scope of the present invention.

[0064] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not have to be used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances so as to implement the embodiments of the present application described herein. In addition, the terms "comprising" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units does not necessarily have to be limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or are inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0065] Note that the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and the application of technical principles. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, re-adjustments and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in more detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein. Without departing from the concept of the present invention, more other effective embodiments can also be included, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A separated trolley device for shallow-buried mined tunneling, characterized in that: It includes an arch trolley and left and right separated trolleys with the same structure and symmetrically arranged. The left separated trolley includes a steel structure frame, a first working platform, corresponding side wall forms, a first support structure, a traveling system and a vibrating system. The traveling system includes steel rails and traveling wheels; the first support structure includes a plurality of first screw jacks and foundation jacks; the first working platform is horizontally and fixedly arranged on the left side of the steel structure frame. The corresponding side wall forms at different positions are respectively hinged to one end of the corresponding first screw jack, and the other end of the first screw jack is fixedly hinged to the steel structure frame; the vibrating system is fixedly arranged on the steel structure frame; a strut is arranged between the left and right separated trolleys to achieve overall stability. The foundation jack is fixedly arranged at the bottom of the steel structure frame. When it is in the extended state, the traveling wheels are separated from the steel rails. When it is in the initial state, the bottom of the foundation jack is suspended. The arch trolley includes a steel structure frame, a second working platform, corresponding tunnel top forms, a second support structure, a traveling system and a vibrating system. The second support structure includes an upper longitudinal beam, a bracket cross beam, a bracket column, a second screw jack, a third screw jack and a second foundation jack. The bottom of the bracket column is fixedly arranged on the bracket cross beam cooperating with the traveling wheels through the second foundation jack; the third screw jacks are respectively arranged at the bottom of the corresponding tunnel top forms and are fixedly arranged on the bracket cross beam through the bracket columns. The bracket cross beam is horizontally arranged on the top of the steel structure frame through the upper longitudinal beam; there are two second working platforms, which are respectively arranged at the upper positions on both sides of the steel structure frame horizontally and fixedly; a translation screw rod is also included. When the translation screw rod is arranged on the left separated trolley, the translation screw rod is used to be arranged between the first screw jack horizontally arranged above the steel structure frame and the steel structure frame, and the telescopic direction of the screw rod of the translation screw rod is consistent with the telescopic direction of the corresponding first screw jack, so as to control the position of the corresponding side wall form here by controlling the position of the first screw jack, making the position here accurately controlled to meet the pouring thickness; a translation screw rod is also included. When the translation screw rod is arranged on the arch separated trolley, the fixed end of the translation screw rod is horizontally arranged above the steel structure frame, and the free end is fixedly arranged on one side of the upper longitudinal beam for adjusting the left and right positions.

2. The separated trolley device for shallow-buried mined tunneling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The strut is a component with an H-shaped cross-section. The top and bottom of the H-shaped component are respectively fixed to the tunnel top and bottom, and the surfaces corresponding to the left and right separated trolleys are fixedly tightened by setting fourth screw jacks.

3. The separated trolley device for shallow-buried mined tunneling according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a "pin"-shaped working window.

4. The separated trolley device for shallow-buried mined tunneling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The described vibrating system includes a plate vibrator and a manual insertion vibrator. The plate vibrator is an externally attached plate vibrator using a formwork.

5. The separate trolley device for a shallow-buried and mined tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: No sleeper is placed at the bottom of the running track of the above trolley, and the trolley is directly located on the inverted arch filling surface.

6. A construction method based on the separate trolley device for a shallow-buried and mined tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Construction step 1: Arrange deformation observation points to ensure construction safety: Before removing the temporary steel frame at the tunnel entrance section, carry out monitoring and measurement to obtain the initial data before removal. During the entire removal process, continuously observe the settlement of the tunnel crown to ensure the safety of the tunnel; Construction step 2: Remove the middle partition wall. First, use a manual pneumatic pick to chisel the concrete and steel mesh at the connection between the temporary inverted arch, the middle partition wall, and the primary support to ensure that most of the concrete is separated from the steel reinforcement cage without damaging the primary support. The grid steel frame is removed by electric welding to cut the I-beam, ensuring that the cut surface is smooth and flat without protrusions, facilitating waterproofing operations; Construction step 3: Remove the shotcrete and steel mesh between the temporary inverted arch steel frames: Use a pneumatic pick to chisel the shotcrete and electric welding to cut the steel mesh. During the process of chiseling the shotcrete, it should be carried out for each steel frame from top to bottom and from inside to outside. During the chiseling process, it is strictly prohibited for pedestrians and machinery to pass below. During the process of chiseling the concrete and cutting the steel mesh, try to ensure the connection of the connecting bars to prevent the temporary middle partition wall and the steel frame from becoming unstable during chiseling; Construction step 4: After step 3 is completed, first measure the bottom elevation of the track structural layer, and draw a line for the binding and positioning of the secondary lining steel bars. When there are embedded parts, use steel bars welded into brackets in advance according to the design elevation to position the embedded parts; Construction step 5: Before each pouring of concrete, the concrete poured last time should be roughened. After the treatment is completed and the formwork is set up, pouring can be carried out. During pouring, the concrete is pumped and leveled, vibrated, and plastered manually for the filling concrete; Construction step 6: Inverted arch filling: The concrete used for the tunnel inverted arch filling and the inverted arch is not of the same grade. After the strength of the inverted arch concrete reaches the initial setting, pour the filling C20 concrete at one time to the design elevation; Construction step 7: Carry out the side wall waterproof layer construction; Construction step 8: After step 7 is completed, first measure and set out the position for binding the secondary lining steel bars, fix them with positioning bars, and then complete the binding of the secondary lining steel bars on the side wall; Construction Step 9: After Step 8 is completed, first pour the side walls on both sides; after the left and right separated formwork carriers are manually pushed to the working position in cooperation with the traveling wheels and steel rails, according to the horizontal bracing positions of the left and right separated formwork carriers, chisel the local temporary middle partition wall that affects the bracing of the left and right separated formwork carriers or cut the local steel frames, and fix and tighten them by adjusting the third screw jack to ensure the effective connection of the horizontal supports of the left and right separated formwork carriers; then adjust the height of the foundation jacks to separate the bottoms of the left and right separated formwork carriers from the rails, and then adjust the state of the second screw jack, thereby adjusting the height of the left and right separated formwork carriers, and further making the height of the corresponding side wall formwork set on the first screw jack in place; then horizontally adjust the extended states of the first screw jacks to make the thickness of the side wall formwork and the tunnel side wall meet the set value, and the side wall pouring can be realized; Construction Step 10: When pouring the side wall concrete, the staff use a combination of manual insertion vibrators and high-frequency vibrators on the formwork carrier through the vibration system. The joint surface should be roughened before the concrete construction; after the waterproof concrete is poured, spray and sprinkle water for curing in time after final setting; Construction Step 11: After the side waist secondary lining concrete reaches the demoulding strength, the foundation jacks can be adjusted back to the initial state. According to the design requirements, add 45C I-beams for bracing replacement in time. The spacing of the I-beam supports is 3m. After ensuring that there is no cantilever phenomenon in the arch waist secondary lining, the left and right separated formwork carriers can be pushed along the rails to the next working area to repeat the side wall pouring; Construction Step 12: After the side wall pouring in the current working area is completed, the crown construction can be started. Cut the remaining middle partition wall and temporary inverted arch, and carry out the crown base surface treatment and waterproof construction; Construction Step 13: After the crown waterproof layer construction is completed, repeat the above Step 8 for the crown secondary lining steel bar construction; Construction Step 14: After Step 13 is completed, with the cooperation of the traveling wheels and rails, the crown formwork carrier reaches the processing position, and the corresponding crown formwork is adjusted to the corresponding position of the crown and fixed: Similarly, after the foundation jacks extend a certain height, separate the traveling wheels from the rails, and then the staff adjust the second screw jack to increase the height of the steel structure frame, so that the bracket columns on the bracket cross beam drag the corresponding crown formwork upward until the height requirement is met. At this time, adjust the first screw jack so that the crown formwork at the corresponding position can be closely attached to the poured side wall, thereby realizing the fixation of the crown formwork, and then the crown pouring can be carried out; Construction Step 15: When pouring the crown concrete, use the high-frequency flat vibrator on the formwork carrier for vibration. The joint surface should be roughened before the concrete construction. After the waterproof concrete is poured, at this time, return the foundation jacks to the initial state, push the crown formwork carrier to the next working area where the side wall pouring is completed for operation, and spray and sprinkle water for curing in time after final setting; Until the tunnel pouring is completed.

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