A metal matrix composite material bullet-proof layer for resisting tandem warhead

Abstract

The present invention provides a metal-based composite material bullet-proofing layer for resisting tandem warheads. This layer belongs to the field of metal-based composite materials. The composite material bullet-proofing layer comprises: a pre-detonation structure layer, a water-gap armor layer, and a jet-blocking structure layer. The pre-detonation structure layer and the water-gap armor layer are separated by a target distance, which is 3-5 times the optimal detonation height of the tandem warhead. The pre-detonation structure layer is used to detonate the incoming tandem warhead and consume some of the jet energy. The water-gap armor layer is used to further consume the jet energy. The jet-blocking structure layer is used to block the passage of the residual jet generated by the tandem warhead explosion, thereby protecting the protected object located on the side of the jet-blocking structure layer away from the pre-detonation structure layer. The present invention achieves good bullet-proofing effectiveness while using relatively low-production-cost water-gap armor and jet-blocking structures, thereby reducing production costs while ensuring bullet-proofing effectiveness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of metal-based composite materials, and relates to a metal-based composite material bullet-proof layer that is resistant to tandem warheads. Background Art

[0002] High-Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) rounds, also known as hollow-charge armor-piercing rounds, are bombs that penetrate armor using a metal jet formed by the detonation of a shaped charge. Also known as shaped-charge armor-piercing rounds, they are one of the main types of anti-tank rounds.

[0003] The way armor-piercing shells penetrate armor is through chemical energy shells. After being fired, the metal shell of the HEAT shell warhead can focus the high-temperature and high-pressure metal jet into a line through the energy-gathering principle of the conical charge, so that the internal pressure is concentrated at one point and penetrates the enemy armor, thereby achieving the effect of killing the crew inside the enemy tank and destroying weapons and equipment. In theory, armor-piercing shells can penetrate homogeneous armor that is five times the caliber of their own metal pads. Armor-piercing shells are a type of chemical energy anti-armor shell developed based on the Monroe effect. The conical hollow charge (common types include hemispherical and trumpet-shaped charges) is detonated at a certain height from the armor plate, and the focused high-temperature and high-speed jet penetrates the armor plate and kills personnel and equipment.

[0004] A tandem warhead uses tandem explosives, typically consisting of a shaped charge armor-piercing projectile in the lead stage and a kinetic energy projectile in the follow stage. When the armor-piercing projectile's warhead impacts the target (or when the onboard photoelectric sensor detects it has reached a certain distance from the target), the detonator system detonates, propelling the copper conical liner forward at high speed and transforming it into a long, thin jet of high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-velocity metal. It is precisely this high-speed and high-mass metal jet that allows the armor-piercing projectile to penetrate the target, resulting in its immense power.

[0005] Among existing engineering protection technologies, common shielding structures against tandem warheads include ceramic composite armor, plate-shaped spaced armor, and tubular spaced armor. To improve their effectiveness, existing shielding structures often employ methods such as improving material properties or increasing material thickness. However, using high-performance materials or increasing material thickness inevitably increases the shielding structure's production cost. Therefore, reducing the shielding structure's production cost while maintaining its effectiveness remains a pressing issue. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on this, the present application provides a metal matrix composite material bullet-proof layer and a jet barrier structure layer for resisting tandem warheads, comprising:

[0007] The metal matrix composite material bulletproof layer consists of three layers from top to bottom: a pre-detonation structure layer, a water gap armor layer, and a jet barrier structure layer;

[0008] The early detonation structure layer and the water-gap armor layer are separated by a target distance, and the target distance is 3-5 times the optimal detonation height of the armor-piercing projectile in the tandem follow-up warhead;

[0009] The water gap armor layer is placed on the jet barrier structure layer, and the two are installed closely together;

[0010] The early detonation structure layer is used to detonate the incoming tandem warhead in advance, so as to significantly reduce its original design power;

[0011] The structure of the water gap armor layer includes: an armored steel box formed by welding and filled with water, wherein a layer of pebbles or ceramic plates is laid inside the armored steel box to reduce the power of the jet by taking advantage of the principle that the jet velocity changes when encountering a different material;

[0012] The jet barrier structure layer is used to consume the energy of the remaining jet that is not blocked by the early detonation structure layer and the water gap armor layer, so as to better protect the protection target below the jet barrier structure layer.

[0013] Optionally, the early detonation structure layer is supported on the jet barrier structure layer by a plurality of columns, and the water gap armor layer is paved between the columns.

[0014] Optionally, the early detonation structure layer includes: at least two steel plates and a ceramic plate sandwiched between the two steel plates.

[0015] Optionally, the early detonation structure layer is arched in shape, with its concave side facing the jet barrier structure layer.

[0016] Optionally, the jet barrier structure layer includes: a jet barrier material layer and a box body;

[0017] The jet barrier material layer is a stack of ceramic-lined steel pipes, and the box is located around and below the stack and is made of welded steel plates;

[0018] The outer surfaces of the ceramic lined steel pipes in the ceramic lined steel pipe stack are connected to each other by electric welding;

[0019] The interior of the ceramic lined steel pipe is filled with ceramic rods formed by hot pressing and sintering;

[0020] The box body is used to constrain the stack of ceramic lined steel pipes to prevent them from being scattered.

[0021] Optionally, the box body has a metal plate layer as the bottom, and the metal plate layer includes: at least two steel plates and a hot-pressed and sintered ceramic plate sandwiched between every two steel plates.

[0022] Optionally, a plurality of the columns are evenly arranged on opposite sides of the box.

[0023] Optionally, the material of the column is 45 # Steel, 50mm diameter;

[0024] The side wall of the box is made of Q235 steel and has a thickness of 60 mm.

[0025] The present invention detonates the tandem advancing warhead in advance by detonating the structural layer in advance, so that the tandem advancing warhead explodes in front of the water gap armor layer at a position far greater than the optimal detonation height of the tandem advancing warhead, allowing the water gap armor layer to avoid the most destructive jet part of the tandem advancing warhead, thereby reducing the destructive force of the tandem advancing warhead on the water gap armor layer when the tandem advancing warhead explodes, and further allowing the jet barrier structural layer below the water gap armor layer to achieve a good bullet shielding effect, thereby achieving the goal of reducing production costs while ensuring the bullet shielding effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a metal matrix composite material bullet-proof layer of a composite material that is resistant to tandem-following warheads provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 2. It is a schematic structural diagram of another metal matrix composite material bullet-proof layer for resisting tandem warheads provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is an overall schematic diagram of a metal matrix composite material bullet-proof layer for resisting tandem-following warheads provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of a metal tube layer provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Reference numerals:

[0032] 1-pre-detonation structure layer, 2-jet barrier structure layer, 21-box, 22-barrier material layer, a-metal pipe layer, b-metal plate layer, 3-column, 4-water gap armor layer, 41-armored steel box body, 42-water, 43-pebbles or ceramic plates. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0034] A tandem warhead uses tandem explosives and typically consists of a shaped charge HEAT warhead and a copper liner. When the shaped charge HEAT warhead impacts the target, a piezoelectric fuse activates the detonation system, propelling the copper liner forward at high speed and transforming it into a long, thin jet of high-temperature, high-pressure, and high-velocity metal. The tandem warhead relies on this high-mass and high-velocity metal jet to penetrate armor.

[0035] The optimal detonation height refers to the distance between the target and the warhead head when the metal jet produced by the detonation of the tandem warhead is most destructive. If the tandem warhead's detonation height is greater or less than the optimal detonation height, its armor-piercing capability will be greatly reduced.

[0036] In view of the explosion characteristics of the tandem advancing warhead, the present invention proposes a metal-based composite material composite material bullet-proof layer that is resistant to the tandem advancing warhead. By means of the pre-detonation structural layer 1 in the composite material bullet-proof layer, the tandem advancing warhead is detonated in advance at a position far greater than the optimal detonation height from the jet barrier structural layer 2, thereby reducing the destructive force of the jet on the jet barrier structural layer 2, thereby making the production cost relatively low and the jet barrier structural layer also able to achieve a good bullet-proof effect, thereby achieving the effect of reducing production costs on the basis of ensuring the bullet-proof effect.

[0037] The first aspect of the present invention provides an embodiment, such as Figure 1 The structure diagram of a composite material bullet-proof layer of a metal matrix composite material for resisting a tandem warhead is shown in FIG. The composite material bullet-proof layer comprises:

[0038] The early detonation structure layer 1, the water-gap armor layer 4, and the jet barrier structure layer 2 are separated by a target distance, the target distance being much greater than the optimal detonation height of the tandem warhead.

[0039] The structure layer 1 is detonated in advance to detonate the incoming tandem warhead;

[0040] The water gap armor layer 4 is used to consume part of the jet energy. The structure of the water gap armor layer 4 includes: an armored steel box body 41 formed by welding and filled with water 42. A layer of pebbles or ceramic plates 43 is laid inside the armored steel box body to reduce the power of the jet by taking advantage of the principle that the jet velocity changes when it encounters a different material.

[0041] The jet blocking structure layer 2 is used to block the residual jet generated when the series-connected warhead explodes, so as to protect the protected object located on the side of the jet blocking structure layer 2 away from the early detonation structure layer 1.

[0042] The composite bulletproof layer consists of a pre-detonation structure layer 1, a water-gap armor layer 4, and a jet barrier structure layer 2. The distance between the pre-detonation structure layer 1 and the water-gap armor layer 4 is much greater than the optimal detonation height of the tandem warhead.

[0043] Depending on the type of tandem warhead detonation system, the structure of the pre-detonation structure layer 1 varies. For example, when the tandem warhead employs a piezoelectric fuze detonation system, the pre-detonation structure layer 1 can be a plate-type structure. The piezoelectric element converts the energy generated by the tandem warhead upon contact with the pre-detonation structure layer 1 into detonation electrical energy, thereby detonating the tandem warhead.

[0044] After the explosion of the tandem follow-up warhead, the high-energy, high-speed jet it generates penetrates the pre-detonation structure layer 1 and continues to move toward the water-gap armor layer 4. After penetrating the water-gap armor layer 4, it encounters the jet barrier structure layer 2, and finally blocks the remaining jet energy through the jet barrier structure layer 2, thereby protecting the protected object from damage.

[0045] This embodiment detonates the tandem following warhead in advance by detonating the structural layer in advance, so that the tandem following warhead explodes in front of the jet barrier structural layer at a position greater than the optimal detonation height of the tandem following warhead, thereby allowing the underlying water gap armor layer and the jet barrier structural layer to avoid the most destructive jet part of the tandem following warhead, so as to reduce the destructive power of the tandem following warhead on the jet barrier structural layer when the tandem following warhead explodes, thereby making the jet barrier structural layer with relatively low production cost also achieve a better bullet shielding effect, thereby achieving the effect of reducing production costs on the basis of ensuring the bullet shielding effect.

[0046] The second aspect of the present invention provides an embodiment, such as Figure 2 The structural diagram of another metal matrix composite material bullet-proof layer for resisting tandem warheads is shown. In addition to the bullet-proof layer included in the embodiment proposed in the first aspect, the bullet-proof layer further includes:

[0047] Optionally, the early detonation structure layer 1 and the jet barrier structure layer 2 are connected by multiple columns 3. The jet barrier structure layer 2 includes a box body 21 and a barrier material layer 22 located in the box body. The barrier material layer 22 is used to block the jet generated when the series following warhead explodes.

[0048] refer to Figure 3 The overall schematic diagram of a metal matrix composite material shielding layer for tandem warhead protection is shown (for ease of identification, Figure 3 The water gap armor layer 4 is hidden, and the early detonation structure layer 1 and the jet barrier structure layer 2 are connected by multiple columns 3. The columns 3 are used to support the early detonation structure layer 1 and the jet barrier structure layer 2 so that the distance between the two is maintained above the target distance.

[0049] Specifically, the column 3 can be a steel column, the material of which is 45 # Steel, 50mm diameter. Based on the optimal detonation height of common tandem warheads, the length of column 3 is between 1.5-2m (3-5 times the optimal detonation height). The steel column is connected to the pre-detonation structure layer 1 and the jet barrier structure layer 2 by electric welding.

[0050] The water gap armor layer 4 consists of a plurality of boxes with a length, width, and height of 250mm, 250mm, and 100mm respectively. The boxes are welded with 20mm thick armor steel plates, filled with water, and a layer of pebbles or hot-pressed sintered ceramic plates with a thickness of about 50mm is laid in the water.

[0051] The jet blocking structure layer 2 includes a box body 21 and a blocking material layer 22 located inside the box body. The blocking material layer 22 is used to block the residual jet generated when the series-following warhead explodes. The box body 21 is used to support the blocking material layer 22 and to limit the overall position of the blocking material layer 22 to prevent the blocking material layer 22 from being broken up by the action of the jet.

[0052] Optionally, the early detonation structural layer 1 includes: at least two steel plates and a hot-pressed sintered ceramic plate sandwiched between each two steel plates.

[0053] Ceramics have a high melting point but are brittle, while steel plates offer strong shatter resistance but a relatively low melting point. Using a composite surface of steel and ceramic plates as the pre-detonation structural layer 1 improves the pre-detonation structural layer's high-temperature resistance while maintaining shatter resistance, thereby enhancing the composite material's ballistic shielding capabilities.

[0054] Specifically, two 616 armor steel plates with a length of 1.6m, a width of 1.6m and a thickness of 20mm can be used as the steel plates of the early detonation structure layer 1, and a 20mm thick hot-pressed sintered alumina ceramic plate can be used as the interlayer ceramic plate of the early detonation structure layer 1. The steel plate and the ceramic plate are connected by bonding to form a complete early detonation structure layer 1.

[0055] Optionally, the early detonation structure layer 1 is arched in shape, with the concave side of the early detonation structure layer 1 facing the jet barrier structure layer 2; the minimum distance between the early detonation structure layer 1 and the water gap armor layer is much greater than the target distance.

[0056] Optionally, the barrier material layer 22 includes: a metal tube layer a and a metal plate layer b located on a side of the metal tube layer a away from the early detonation structure layer;

[0057] like Figure 4 As shown in a partial structural schematic diagram of a metal tube layer, the metal tube layer a includes multiple ceramic-lined steel tubes, and the ceramic-lined steel tubes include an outer steel layer and a ceramic layer covering the inner wall of the steel layer. The tubes are filled with hot-pressed sintered ceramic rods, and the outer surfaces of the steel tubes in the steel tube stack are connected by electric welding.

[0058] The barrier material layer 22 includes a metal tube layer a consisting of a plurality of metal tubes and a metal plate layer b consisting of metal plates.

[0059] After the jet generated by the detonation of the tandem warhead passes through the pre-detonation structure layer 1, it is consumed by the water-gapped armor. The remaining jet energy attacks the jet barrier structure layer 2. Under the action of the metal tubes in the metal tube layer a and the gaps between the tubes, the continuity of the jet is destroyed, the jet body becomes unstable, and the penetration capability of the tandem warhead is weakened.

[0060] Furthermore, the metal plate layer b can also bear the impact force generated when the metal tube is deformed, further ensuring the safety of the protected object.

[0061] Optionally, the number of metal tube stacking layers is 40, and the metal tube can be a ceramic-lined steel tube with an outer diameter of 40 mm and a total wall thickness of 6 mm on one side, wherein the ceramic layer thickness is 2 mm.

[0062] Optionally, the metal tube is filled with ceramic rods formed by hot pressing and sintering.

[0063] Because of the numerous gaps in the stacked steel pipes, the jet creates multiple craters as it passes through the stack, increasing energy consumption and constantly changing the jet velocity. This blocks the propagation of stress waves, disrupts the jet's continuity, and prevents energy from being concentrated. At the same time, the gaps prevent further crack growth in the pipes. The jet deforms the pipes, cutting through them laterally with the high-speed jet.

[0064] Due to the high hardness and melting point of ceramic, compared to metal tubes without ceramic rods, it can effectively increase the difficulty of jetting. At the same time, it can also enhance the effect of the gap between tubes on the jet breaking. Furthermore, due to the existence of the "inter-tube gap effect", when the jet passes through a small gap, the subsequent jet will be disturbed by the jet and the backsplash of metal particles and ceramic fragments contained in the jet, which will cause more serious interference to the subsequent jet.

[0065] Optionally, the box body 21 has a metal plate layer b as the bottom, and the metal plate layer b includes: at least two steel plates and a hot-pressed sintered ceramic plate sandwiched between each two steel plates.

[0066] The box body 21 can have a metal plate layer b as the bottom, and the metal plate layer b is a 200mm thick steel-ceramic-steel composite armor plate, wherein the ceramic interlayer material is a 100mm thick regular hexagonal hot-pressed sintered bulletproof alumina ceramic plate, and both sides of the ceramic plate are 50mm thick, 1.6 meters long and wide 616 armor steel plates, and the ceramic plate is combined with the armor steel plates on both sides by a gluing process.

[0067] Optionally, a plurality of columns 3 are evenly arranged on opposite sides of the box 21.

[0068] Optionally, the column is made of 45# steel with a diameter of 50 mm; the side wall of the box is made of Q235 steel plate with a thickness of 60 mm.

[0069] The present invention detonates the tandem following warhead in advance by detonating the structural layer in advance, so that the tandem following warhead explodes in front of the jet barrier structural layer at a position greater than the optimal detonation height of the tandem following warhead, thereby allowing the water gap armor layer and the jet barrier structural layer to avoid the most destructive jet part of the tandem following warhead, so as to reduce the destructive force of the tandem following warhead on the water gap armor and the jet barrier structural layer when the tandem following warhead explodes, thereby allowing the water gap armor and the jet barrier structural layer with relatively low production costs to achieve better bullet shielding effect, thereby achieving the effect of reducing production costs on the basis of ensuring the bullet shielding effect.

[0070] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0071] Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art may make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they become aware of the basic creative concepts. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or terminal device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, article, or terminal device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, article, or terminal device that includes the element.

[0073] The above is a detailed introduction to a metal-based composite material bullet-proof layer for resisting a tandem-following warhead provided by the present invention. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the composite material bullet-proof layer of the present invention and its core concept. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the concept of the present invention, there may be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A metal matrix composite material bullet-proof layer for resisting tandem warheads, characterized in that: include: It consists of a top-down pre-detonation structure layer, a water gap armor layer, and a jet barrier structure layer; The minimum distance between the pre-detonation structure layer and the water-gap armor layer is the target distance, and the value of the target distance is 3-5 times the optimal detonation height of the armor-piercing projectile in the tandem follow-up warhead; The water gap armor layer is placed on the jet barrier structure layer, and the two are installed closely together; The early detonation structure layer is used to detonate the incoming tandem warhead in advance, so as to significantly reduce its original design power; The structure of the water gap armor layer includes: an armored steel box formed by welding and filled with water, wherein a layer of pebbles or ceramic plates is laid inside the armored steel box to reduce the power of the jet by taking advantage of the principle that the jet velocity changes when encountering a different material; The jet barrier structure layer is used to consume the energy of the remaining jet that is not blocked by the early detonation structure layer and the water gap armor layer, so as to better protect the protection target below the jet barrier structure layer; The early detonation structure layer is supported on the jet barrier structure layer by a plurality of columns, and the water gap armor layer is paved between the columns; The jet barrier structure layer includes: a jet barrier material layer and a box body; The jet barrier material layer is a stack of ceramic-lined steel pipes; The box is located around and below the stack and is welded from steel plates; The outer surfaces of the ceramic lined steel pipes in the ceramic lined steel pipe stack are connected to each other by welding; The interior of the ceramic lined steel pipe is filled with ceramic rods formed by hot pressing and sintering; The box body is used to constrain the stack of ceramic lined steel pipes to prevent them from being scattered.

2. The composite material bullet-proof layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The early detonation structure layer includes at least two steel plates and a ceramic plate sandwiched between the two steel plates.

3. The composite material bullet-proof layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The early detonation structural layer is in an arched shape, with its concave side facing the jet barrier structural layer.

4. The composite material bullet-proof layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box body has a metal plate layer as the bottom, and the metal plate layer includes: at least two steel plates and a hot-pressed and sintered ceramic plate sandwiched between every two steel plates.

5. The composite material bullet-proof layer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of columns are evenly arranged on opposite sides of the box.

6. The composite material bullet-proof layer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The material of the column is 45 # Steel, 50mm diameter; The side wall of the box is made of Q235 steel and has a thickness of 60 mm.

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