An intelligent window with visible and infrared dynamic regulation

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of intelligent windows, and particularly to an intelligent window with visible and infrared dynamic regulation. The intelligent window sequentially includes a visible light-transparent substrate, a conductive layer, a first color-changing layer, an ion conduction layer, an electrolyte layer, a second color-changing layer, a reflective layer, an insulating layer, and an adjustment layer along the thickness direction. The conductive layer, the reflective layer, and the adjustment layer are all connected to a power source; when infrared light irradiates the adjustment layer, the unreflected infrared light passes through the adjustment layer, forming an optical resonant cavity structure between the adjustment layer and the reflective layer. The optical resonant cavity is used to adjust the absorption of infrared light to regulate the infrared light emissivity of the intelligent window; by applying a voltage between the conductive layer and the reflective layer, ions in the electrolyte layer enter the first color-changing layer or the second color-changing layer to cause the first color-changing layer or the second color-changing layer to change color. The embodiments of the present invention provide an intelligent window with visible and infrared dynamic regulation, which can provide an intelligent window for flexibly controlling the infrared band and the visible band.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of intelligent windows, and particularly to an intelligent window with visible and infrared dynamic regulation. Background Art

[0002] Electrochromic glass can adjust the indoor light entry on the premise of meeting indoor lighting, and can reduce the electricity consumption of lighting and air conditioning at the same time. The energy in the visible band from solar irradiation accounts for 44% of the total energy, which is the main source of light and heat indoors. An ideal intelligent window needs to increase the thermal radiation of the window at low temperatures (in winter) and reduce the thermal radiation of the window at high temperatures (in summer). For traditional electrochromic intelligent windows, by applying a voltage to the electrode layer, ions are injected into and ejected from the electrochromic layer, accompanied by changes in optical properties. This change can also be extended to the mid- and far-infrared bands with longer wavelengths to regulate visible and infrared light.

[0003] In the prior art, the visible and infrared changes of electrochromism are consistent, and they are not flexible enough in terms of light and heat regulation.

[0004] Therefore, aiming at the above deficiencies, there is an urgent need for an intelligent window with visible and infrared dynamic regulation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments of the present invention provide an intelligent window with visible and infrared dynamic regulation, which can provide an intelligent window for flexibly controlling the infrared band and the visible band.

[0006] The embodiments of the present invention provide an intelligent window with visible and infrared dynamic regulation, which sequentially includes a visible light transparent substrate, a conductive layer, a first color-changing layer, an ion conduction layer, an electrolyte layer, a second color-changing layer, a reflective layer, an insulating layer, and an adjustment layer along the thickness direction. The conductive layer, the reflective layer, and the adjustment layer are all connected to a power supply, and the power supply provides adjustable positive or negative bias voltages for the conductive layer, the reflective layer, and the adjustment layer respectively;

[0007] The preparation material of the reflective layer includes a conductor and a semiconductor with infrared reflection and visible light transmission. The preparation material of the adjustment layer includes a conductor or a semiconductor with infrared semi-transparency and visible light transmission. When infrared light irradiates the adjustment layer, the unreflected infrared light passes through the adjustment layer, and an optical resonant cavity structure is formed between the adjustment layer and the reflective layer. The optical resonant cavity is used to adjust the absorption of infrared light. By adjusting the voltage of the power supply, the infrared transmittance and absorption rate of the adjustment layer are changed to adjust the amount of infrared light entering the optical resonant cavity structure, and further adjust the infrared light emissivity of the intelligent window;

[0008] The preparation materials of the first color-changing layer and the second color-changing layer are metal oxides. By applying a voltage between the conductive layer and the reflective layer, ions in the electrolyte layer enter the first color-changing layer or the second color-changing layer to cause the first color-changing layer or the second color-changing layer to change color. The ion conduction layer is used to keep the first color-changing layer or the second color-changing layer in the color-changing state when the voltage application is stopped.

[0009] In a possible design, the preparation materials of the conductive layer, the reflective layer, and the adjustment layer include one or a combination of indium tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, silver-containing or other metal thin films, or graphene;

[0010] The preparation materials of the first color-changing layer and the second color-changing layer are one or a combination of tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, cobalt oxide, zirconium oxide, and yttrium oxide;

[0011] The preparation materials of the ion conduction layer are one or a combination of tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon oxide, and silicon nitride;

[0012] The preparation materials of the insulating layer include one or a combination of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, tungsten oxide, aluminum oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, beryllium oxide, magnesium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, cobalt oxide, zirconium oxide, and yttrium oxide.

[0013] In a possible design, the thickness of the reflective layer is 10 to 1500 nanometers;

[0014] The thickness of the insulating layer is 10 to 1500 nanometers;

[0015] The thickness of the adjustment layer is 10 to 1500 nanometers;

[0016] The thickness of the first color-changing layer is 10 to 800 nanometers;

[0017] The thickness of the second color-changing layer is 10 to 800 nanometers;

[0018] The thickness of the ion conduction layer is 10 to 800 nanometers;

[0019] The thickness of the electrolyte layer is 10 to 400 nanometers.

[0020] In a possible design, the preparation materials of the adjustment layer include heat-treated conductors or semiconductors.

[0021] In a possible design, the voltage applied by the power supply to the adjustment layer is -5 to 0V or 0 to 5V.

[0022] In a possible design, the thickness of the reflective layer is 150 - 250 nm, and the thickness of the adjustment layer is 500 - 800 nm;

[0023] When the positive electrode of the power supply is connected to the adjustment layer to apply a positive bias voltage, the infrared emissivity of the intelligent window increases. When the negative electrode of the power supply is connected to the adjustment layer to apply a negative bias voltage, the infrared emissivity of the intelligent window decreases.

[0024] In a possible design, the thickness of the reflective layer is 150 - 250 nm, the thickness of the insulating layer is 150 - 250 nm, and the thickness of the adjustment layer is 45 - 80 nm;

[0025] When the positive electrode of the power supply is connected to the adjustment layer to apply a positive bias voltage, the infrared emissivity of the intelligent window decreases. When the negative electrode of the power supply is connected to the adjustment layer to apply a negative bias voltage, the infrared emissivity of the intelligent window increases.

[0026] In a possible design, the intelligent window is prepared by sequentially coating films on the substrate.

[0027] In a possible design, the conductive layer has infrared reflection properties, and the conductivity of the reflective layer is 500 S / cm - 1500 S / cm.

[0028] In a possible design, the temperature of the heat treatment is 10 - 600 degrees Celsius, and the time is 10 - 600 minutes.

[0029] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0030] The intelligent window provided by the present invention includes an infrared adjustment structure and a visible light adjustment structure, and can respectively adjust the infrared light and visible light of the intelligent window through a power supply.

[0031] The infrared adjustment structure provided by the present invention has three layers, namely a reflective layer, an insulating layer, and an adjustment layer in the thickness direction. Both the reflective layer and the adjustment layer are conductors or semiconductors with conductive ability. The reflective layer has the property of reflecting infrared light, and the adjustment layer has infrared semi-transparent properties, which can both reflect part of the infrared light and allow part of the infrared light to pass through. When infrared light irradiates the adjustment layer, part of the infrared light is reflected, and part of the infrared light passes through the adjustment layer. The infrared light passing through the adjustment layer oscillates in the optical resonance cavity structure between the reflective layer and the adjustment layer. Through the oscillation effect of the optical resonance cavity structure, the infrared emissivity of the infrared adjustment structure can be significantly increased. Further, the reflective layer and the adjustment layer are respectively connected to the two electrodes of the power supply. By adjusting the voltage of the power supply, the carrier concentration in the adjustment layer is controlled. The carrier concentration affects the infrared light transmittance of the adjustment layer. Therefore, by adjusting the power supply voltage, the infrared light transmittance of the adjustment layer can be changed, and further the intensity of the infrared light entering the optical resonance cavity and the oscillation effect of the optical resonance cavity can be adjusted, achieving the effect of adjustable infrared light emissivity. Different effects are obtained when the adjustment layer is connected to electrodes with different polarities. When the adjustment layer is connected to the negative electrode, the carrier concentration increases, and the infrared transmittance of the adjustment layer decreases; when the adjustment layer is connected to the positive electrode, the carrier concentration decreases, and the infrared transmittance of the adjustment layer increases.

[0032] The visible light adjustment structure includes a conductive layer, a first color-changing layer, an ion conduction layer, an electrolyte layer, a second color-changing layer, and a reflective layer. A voltage is applied between the conductive layer and the reflective layer to cause the ions in the electrolyte layer to enter the first color-changing layer or the second color-changing layer, thereby causing the first color-changing layer or the second color-changing layer to change color. By adjusting the voltage value, the degree of color change can be adjusted. By changing the polarity of the power supply connecting the conductive layer and the reflective layer, the ions in the electrolyte layer can be controlled to enter the first color-changing layer or the second color-changing layer. By providing the ion conduction layer, after removing the voltage behind the first color-changing layer and / or the second color-changing layer, the first color-changing layer or the second color-changing layer can still maintain the color-changing state unchanged. Description of the Drawings

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of an intelligent window with visible and infrared dynamic regulation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is a schematic top view of an intelligent window with visible and infrared dynamic regulation provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 It is the spectrogram of an intelligent window with visible and infrared dynamic regulation provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] In the figure:

[0038] 1 - Substrate;

[0039] 2 - Conductive layer;

[0040] 3 - First color-changing layer;

[0041] 4 - Ion conduction layer;

[0042] 5 - Electrolyte layer;

[0043] 6 - Second color-changing layer;

[0044] 7 - Reflective layer;

[0045] 8 - Insulating layer;

[0046] 9 - Regulation layer;

[0047] 10 - First wire;

[0048] 11 - Second wire;

[0049] 12 - Third wire. Detailed implementation manners

[0050] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0051] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; unless otherwise specified or stated, the term "plurality" means two or more; the terms "connection", "fixation", etc. shall all be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0052] In the description of this specification, it should be understood that the orientation terms such as "upper" and "lower" described in the embodiments of the present invention are described from the angles shown in the drawings and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, in the context, it should also be understood that when an element is described as being "on" or "under" another element, it can not only be directly connected to the other element "on" or "under", but also be indirectly connected to the other element "on" or "under" through an intermediate element.

[0053] As Figures 1 to 3 shown, an intelligent window with visible-infrared dynamic regulation provided by an embodiment of the present invention sequentially includes a visible-light transparent substrate 1, a conductive layer 2, a first color-changing layer 3, an ion-conducting layer 4, an electrolyte layer 5, a second color-changing layer 6, a reflective layer 7, an insulating layer 8, and an adjustment layer 9 along the thickness direction. The conductive layer 2, the reflective layer 7, and the adjustment layer 9 are all connected to a power source, and the power source provides adjustable positive or negative bias voltages for the conductive layer 2, the reflective layer 7, and the adjustment layer 9 respectively;

[0054] The preparation material of the reflective layer 7 includes a conductor and a semiconductor that have infrared reflection and visible light transmission. The preparation material of the adjustment layer 9 includes a conductor or a semiconductor that is infrared semi-transparent and visible light transmissive. When infrared light irradiates the adjustment layer 9, the unreflected infrared light passes through the adjustment layer 9, and an optical resonance cavity structure is formed between the adjustment layer 9 and the reflective layer 7. The optical resonance cavity is used to adjust the absorption of infrared light. By adjusting the voltage of the power source, the infrared transmittance and absorption rate of the adjustment layer 9 are changed to adjust the amount of infrared light entering the optical resonance cavity structure, and thus the infrared light emissivity of the intelligent window is adjusted;

[0055] The preparation materials of the first color-changing layer 3 and the second color-changing layer 6 are metal oxides. By applying a voltage between the conductive layer 2 and the reflective layer 7, ions in the electrolyte layer 5 enter the first color-changing layer 3 or the second color-changing layer 6 to cause the first color-changing layer 3 or the second color-changing layer 6 to change color. The ion-conducting layer 4 is used to keep the first color-changing layer 3 or the second color-changing layer 6 in the color-changing state when the voltage application stops.

[0056] The infrared adjustment structure provided by the present invention has three layers, which are a reflective layer 7, an insulating layer 8, and an adjustment layer 9 in the thickness direction. Both the reflective layer 7 and the adjustment layer 9 are conductors or semiconductors with conductive ability. The reflective layer 7 has the property of reflecting infrared light, and the adjustment layer 9 has infrared semi-transparent properties, which can reflect part of the infrared light and allow part of the infrared light to pass through. When infrared light irradiates the adjustment layer 9, part of the infrared light is reflected, and part of the infrared light passes through the adjustment layer 9. The infrared light passing through the adjustment layer 9 oscillates in the optical resonant cavity structure between the reflective layer 7 and the adjustment layer 9. Through the oscillation effect of the optical resonant cavity structure, the infrared emissivity of the infrared adjustment structure can be significantly increased. Further, the reflective layer 7 and the adjustment layer 9 are respectively connected to two electrodes of a power supply, and the carrier concentration in the adjustment layer 9 is controlled by adjusting the voltage of the power supply. The carrier concentration affects the infrared light transmittance of the adjustment layer 9. Therefore, by adjusting the power supply voltage, the infrared light transmittance of the adjustment layer 9 can be changed, and further the intensity of the infrared light entering the optical resonant cavity and the oscillation effect of the optical resonant cavity can be adjusted, achieving the effect of adjustable infrared light emissivity. Different effects are obtained when the adjustment layer 9 is connected to electrodes with different polarities. When the adjustment layer 9 is connected to the negative electrode, the carrier concentration is increased, and the infrared transmittance of the adjustment layer 9 is reduced; when the adjustment layer 9 is connected to the positive electrode, the carrier concentration is reduced, and the infrared transmittance of the adjustment layer 9 is increased.

[0057] The visible light adjustment structure includes a conductive layer 2, a first color-changing layer 3, an ion conduction layer 4, an electrolyte layer 5, a second color-changing layer 6, and a reflective layer 7. A voltage is applied between the conductive layer 2 and the reflective layer 7 to cause ions in the electrolyte layer 5 to enter the first color-changing layer 3 or the second color-changing layer 6, thereby causing the first color-changing layer 3 or the second color-changing layer 6 to change color. The degree of color change can be adjusted by adjusting the voltage value. By changing the polarity of the power supply connecting the conductive layer 2 and the reflective layer 7, the ions in the electrolyte layer 5 can be controlled to enter the first color-changing layer 3 or the second color-changing layer 6. By providing the ion conduction layer 4, after removing the voltage behind the first color-changing layer 3 and / or the second color-changing layer 6, the first color-changing layer 3 or the second color-changing layer 6 can still maintain the color-changing state unchanged.

[0058] The emissivity regulation of the infrared adjustment structure is related to the following four factors: a. The infrared semi-transmission performance of the adjustment layer 9; b. The thickness of the adjustment layer 9; c. The thickness of the resonant cavity; d. The carrier concentration of the adjustment layer 9.

[0059] In the present invention, different effects are obtained when the adjustment layer 9 is connected to electrodes with different polarities. When the adjustment layer 9 is connected to the negative electrode, the carrier concentration is increased, and the infrared transmittance of the adjustment layer 9 is increased; when the adjustment layer 9 is connected to the positive electrode, the carrier concentration is reduced, and the infrared transmittance of the adjustment layer 9 is reduced.

[0060] In some embodiments of the present invention, the materials for preparing the conductive layer 2, the reflective layer 7, and the adjustment layer 9 include one or several combinations of indium tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, silver-containing or other metal thin films, or graphene;

[0061] The materials for preparing the first color-changing layer 3 and the second color-changing layer 6 are one or several combinations of tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, cobalt oxide, zirconium oxide, and yttrium oxide;

[0062] The materials for preparing the ion conduction layer 4 are one or several combinations of tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon oxide, and silicon nitride;

[0063] The materials for preparing the insulating layer 8 include one or several combinations of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, tungsten oxide, aluminum oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, beryllium oxide, magnesium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, cobalt oxide, zirconium oxide, and yttrium oxide.

[0064] In the embodiment, the adjustment layer 9 is a material whose carrier concentration changes with the voltage. Specifically, after the structure is determined and the electrodes are connected, when a voltage is applied, the injection / extraction of electrons causes a change in the carrier concentration of the material.

[0065] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the reflective layer 7 is 10 to 1500 nanometers;

[0066] The thickness of the insulating layer 8 is 10 to 1500 nanometers;

[0067] The thickness of the adjustment layer 9 is 10 to 1500 nanometers;

[0068] The thickness of the first color-changing layer 3 is 10 to 800 nanometers;

[0069] The thickness of the second color-changing layer 6 is 10 to 800 nanometers;

[0070] The thickness of the ion conduction layer 4 is 10 to 800 nanometers;

[0071] The thickness of the electrolyte layer 5 is 10 to 400 nanometers.

[0072] In this embodiment, the thickness of the adjustment layer 9 will affect the infrared transmittance of the adjustment layer 9 itself, and the transmittance of the adjustment layer 9 will affect the oscillation effect of the optical resonator. The thickness of the insulating layer 8 will affect the effect of the optical resonator structure, and the two even directly determine whether an optical resonator can be formed. Preferably, the thickness of the insulating layer 8 is 450 to 800 nm, and the thickness of the adjustment layer 9 is 40 to 800 nm.

[0073] In some embodiments of the present invention, the materials for preparing the adjustment layer 9 include heat-treated conductors or semiconductors.

[0074] In this embodiment, infrared adjustment structures with different initial states can be prepared according to actual requirements. The initial state refers to the infrared emissivity when no voltage is applied. Without heat treatment, the emissivity in the initial state is a high-emission state (0.81), and it becomes a low-emission state (0.39) after applying a negative bias voltage; after heat treatment, the initial state is a low-emission state (0.5), and it becomes a high-emission state (0.81) after applying a positive bias voltage. The emissivity regulation range of the infrared adjustment structure provided by the present invention is greater than 0.42, the response time is less than 30 s, and the solar absorptance is less than 0.28. It should be noted that the above emissivity values are integral emissivities, which are obtained by integrating blackbody radiation (in the 0.25 - 25 μm band).

[0075] In some embodiments of the present invention, the voltage applied by the power supply to the adjustment layer 9 is -5 to 0 V or 0 to 5 V.

[0076] In this embodiment, since the oscillation adjustment function of infrared light mainly comes from the optical resonator, only a relatively low voltage is required to change the infrared transmittance of the adjustment layer 9. Preferably, the voltage applied by the power supply to the adjustment layer 9 is -3 to 0 V or 0 to 3 V.

[0077] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the reflective layer 7 is 150 - 250 nm, and the thickness of the adjustment layer 9 is 500 - 800 nm;

[0078] When the positive pole of the power supply is connected to the adjustment layer 9 to apply a positive bias voltage, the infrared emissivity of the smart window increases. When the negative pole of the power supply is connected to the adjustment layer 9 to apply a negative bias voltage, the infrared emissivity of the smart window decreases.

[0079] In this embodiment, the thickness of the adjustment layer 9 is relatively thick, and the infrared transmittance in the initial state is relatively low. At this time, when a positive bias voltage is applied to extract electrons and reduce the carrier concentration, the infrared transmittance of the adjustment layer 9 increases, the stronger the infrared light entering the optical resonator, and the higher the infrared emissivity; when a negative bias voltage is applied to inject electrons and increase the carrier concentration, the infrared reflectivity of the adjustment layer 9 increases, the weaker the infrared light entering the optical resonator, and the lower the infrared emissivity.

[0080] In some embodiments of the present invention, the thickness of the reflective layer 7 is 150 - 250 nm, the thickness of the insulating layer 8 is 150 - 250 nm, and the thickness of the adjustment layer 9 is 45 - 80 nm;

[0081] When the positive pole of the power supply is connected to the adjustment layer 9 to apply a positive bias voltage, the infrared emissivity of the smart window decreases. When the negative pole of the power supply is connected to the adjustment layer 9 to apply a negative bias voltage, the infrared emissivity of the smart window increases.

[0082] In this embodiment, the thickness of the adjustment layer 9 is relatively thin, and the initial infrared transmittance is relatively high. At this time, most of the infrared light in the initial state passes through the adjustment layer 9, and the infrared light is mainly reflected by the reflection layer 7. Applying a positive bias voltage to extract electrons reduces the carrier concentration, and the further increase in the infrared transmittance of the adjustment layer 9 affects the infrared light oscillation effect of the optical resonator. Most of the infrared light is directly reflected by the reflection layer 7, resulting in a decrease in the infrared emissivity. Applying a negative bias voltage to inject electrons increases the carrier concentration, the infrared reflectivity of the adjustment layer 9 increases, and then the infrared light oscillation of the optical resonator increases, and the infrared emissivity increases.

[0083] In some embodiments of the present invention, the intelligent window is prepared by sequentially coating a substrate 1.

[0084] In this embodiment, the substrate 1 can be a rigid substrate 1, such as glass, quartz, copper foil, aluminum sheet, silicon wafer; the substrate 1 can also be an organic substrate 1, such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyimide (PI), polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate (PC), polyurethane, silicone resin. The coating treatment includes one or a combination of evaporation coating, sputtering coating, and ion plating.

[0085] It should be noted that when coating on the conductive layer 2 and the reflection layer 7, part of the conductive layer 2 and the reflection layer 7 need to be blocked, and the blocked part is not coated. This part is used to set the wires to connect the electrodes. The wires include a first wire 10 connecting the conductive layer 2, a second wire 11 connecting the reflection layer 7, and a third wire 12 connecting the adjustment layer 9.

[0086] In some embodiments of the present invention, the conductive layer 2 has infrared reflection properties, and the conductivity of the reflection layer 7 is 500 S / cm to 1500 S / cm.

[0087] In this embodiment, the conductivity of the reflection layer 7 is 500 S / cm to 1500 S / cm. The reflection layer 7 does not reflect all the incident infrared light, but part of the infrared light passes through the reflection layer 7, and the transmitted infrared light is reflected by the conductive layer 2, so that a resonant cavity structure is formed between the conductive layer 2 and the adjustment layer 9. Since the resonant cavities of the reflection layer 7 - adjustment layer 9 and the conductive layer 2 - adjustment layer 9 have different thicknesses, the formed oscillation effects are also different, and two different infrared emissivity regulation peaks can be formed. Specifically, when the distance between the adjustment layer 9 and the reflection layer 7 is 350 nm, the regulation peak value of the infrared emissivity is 5 to 10 μm; when the distance between the adjustment layer 9 and the conductive layer 2 is 800 nm, the regulation peak value of the infrared emissivity is 10 to 15 μm.

[0088] In the present invention, by different voltage loading methods, a transmittance change amplitude of 0.4 at the 550-nanometer band, an emissivity change amplitude of 0.55 at the 6-micrometer band, and an emissivity regulation amplitude of 0.57 at the 14-micrometer band can be obtained. The regulation range in the visible band (380 - 780 nanometers) can be broadened to the visible-near-infrared band (380 - 1100 nanometers), and the regulation range in the infrared band can be broadened to 2.5 - 50 micrometers.

[0089] In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat treatment temperature is 10 - 600 degrees Celsius, and the time is 10 - 600 minutes. Specific Embodiment 1

[0091] A novel visible-infrared dynamic regulation intelligent window is prepared on a substrate. The substrate is generally any rigid substrate such as glass, quartz, copper foil, aluminum sheet, silicon wafer, etc. or an organic substrate such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyimide (PI), polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate (PC), polyurethane, silicone resin.

[0092] The film stack structure from bottom to top is respectively: a conductive layer 2, a first color-changing layer 3, an ion conduction layer 4, an electrolyte layer 5, a second color-changing layer 6, a reflective layer 7, an insulating layer 8, and an adjustment layer 9.

[0093] The eight-layer thin film structure is all prepared by vacuum coating methods, including evaporation coating, sputtering coating, ion plating, using one or a combination of several of them. After depositing the conductive layer 2 to the reflective layer 7 on the intelligent window, it is necessary to shield the preset electrode positions of the reflective layer 7, and finally deposit the insulating layer 8 and the adjustment layer 9.

[0094] The conductive layer 2, the reflective layer 7, and the adjustment layer 9 are made of transparent conductive materials, generally one or a combination of indium tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, silver-containing or other metal thin films, or graphene. The materials of the conductive layer, the reflective layer, and the adjustment layer can be the same or different, and the thickness is 10 - 1500 nanometers.

[0095] The first color-changing layer 3 is generally one or several of tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, cobalt oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide, or their composite oxides. The thickness of the first color-changing layer is 10 - 800 nanometers.

[0096] The ion conduction layer 4 is generally one or several of tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride. The thickness of the ion conduction layer is 10 - 800 nanometers.

[0097] The electrolyte layer 5 is generally one or several of lithium metal, lithium niobate, lithium fluoride, lithium borate, lithium aluminum fluoride, lithium oxide. The thickness of the electrolyte layer is generally 10 - 400 nanometers.

[0098] The second color-changing layer 6 is generally one or more of tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, cobalt oxide, zirconium oxide, and yttrium oxide. It should be particularly noted that the positions of the first color-changing layer and the second color-changing layer can be interchanged. The thickness of the second color-changing layer is 10 to 800 nanometers.

[0099] The insulating layer 8 can be composed of one or more layers, and the material is an insulating material, generally one or more of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, tungsten oxide, aluminum oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, beryllium oxide, magnesium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, cobalt oxide, zirconium oxide, and yttrium oxide, or a composite oxide thereof, and the thickness is 10 to 1500 nanometers.

[0100] After a new type of intelligent window is prepared, it is subjected to thermal annealing treatment. The heat treatment can be carried out in a vacuum, in the atmosphere, or in other atmospheres. The heat treatment temperature is 10 to 600 degrees Celsius, and the time is 10 to 600 minutes.

[0101] Three thin copper conductive adhesives are respectively adhered to the surfaces of the conductive layer 2, the reflective layer 7, and the adjustment layer 9. Among them, the conductive layer 2 and the reflective layer 7 serve as the electrode layers of the visible light adjustment structure, and the conductive layer 2 - adjustment layer 9 and the reflective layer 7 - adjustment layer 9 serve as the electrode layers of the infrared adjustment structure.

[0102] In the present invention, the intelligent window realizes the three-band regulation of the visible light transmittance and the infrared emissivity, realizes the dual intelligent regulation requirements of indoor lighting and thermal comfort, and has important significance for the dual-carbon strategy. Specific Embodiment 2

[0104] A new type of visible-infrared dynamic regulation intelligent window is prepared on the glass substrate 1.

[0105] The film system structure from bottom to top is: conductive layer 2, first color-changing layer 3, ion conduction layer 4, electrolyte layer 5, second color-changing layer 6, reflective layer 7, insulating layer 8, and adjustment layer 9.

[0106] The eight-layer thin film structure is prepared by using the methods of vacuum resistance evaporation coating technology and electron beam evaporation coating technology. After depositing the conductive layer 2 to the reflective layer 7 of the intelligent window, it is necessary to shield the electrode position of the reflective layer, and finally deposit the insulating layer 8 and the adjustment layer 9.

[0107] The conductive layer 2 is indium tin oxide, and the thickness is 200 nanometers.

[0108] The first color-changing layer 3 is tungsten oxide, and the thickness of the first color-changing layer 3 is 450 nanometers.

[0109] The ion conduction layer 4 is tantalum oxide, and the thickness of the first color-changing layer 3 is 200 nanometers.

[0110] Lithium metal, as an electrolyte ion, is introduced after the preparation of the ion conduction layer 4, with an evaporation thickness of 60 nanometers, and is actually embedded in the first color-changing layer 3 and the second color-changing layer 6 after the device is prepared.

[0111] The second color-changing layer 6 is nickel oxide, and the positions of the first color-changing layer 3 and the second color-changing layer 6 can be interchanged. The thickness of the second color-changing layer 6 is 150 nanometers.

[0112] The reflective layer 7 is indium tin oxide, with a thickness of 200 nanometers.

[0113] The insulating layer 8 is silicon dioxide, with a thickness of 250 nanometers.

[0114] The adjustment layer 9 is indium tin oxide, with a thickness of 400 nanometers.

[0115] After a new type of smart window is prepared, it is heat-treated in an atmospheric atmosphere. The heat-treatment temperature is 300 degrees Celsius and the time is 120 minutes.

[0116] Three thin copper conductive adhesives are respectively adhered to the surfaces of the conductive layer 2, the reflective layer 7, and the adjustment layer 9, serving as the electrodes and counter electrodes of the visible light adjustment structure and the electrochromic emissivity device respectively.

[0117] A three-band adjustable smart window for the transmittance of visible light and the emissivity in the infrared double band can be obtained, realizing the dual smart regulation requirements of indoor lighting and thermal comfort.

[0118] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent window with visible-infrared dynamic regulation, characterized in that, it sequentially includes a visible light-transparent substrate, a conductive layer, a first color-changing layer, an ion-conducting layer, an electrolyte layer, a second color-changing layer, a reflective layer, an insulating layer, and a regulating layer along the thickness direction. The conductive layer, the reflective layer, and the regulating layer are all connected to a power supply, and the power supply provides adjustable positive or negative bias voltages to the conductive layer, the reflective layer, and the regulating layer respectively; the preparation material of the reflective layer includes a conductor and a semiconductor with infrared reflection and visible light transmission, and the preparation material of the regulating layer includes a conductor or a semiconductor with infrared semi-transparency and visible light transmission. When infrared light irradiates the regulating layer, the unreflected infrared light passes through the regulating layer, forming an optical resonance cavity structure between the regulating layer and the reflective layer. The optical resonance cavity is used to regulate the absorption of infrared light. By adjusting the voltage of the power supply, the infrared transmittance and absorption rate of the regulating layer are changed to regulate the amount of infrared light entering the optical resonance cavity structure, thereby regulating the infrared light emissivity of the intelligent window; the preparation materials of the first color-changing layer and the second color-changing layer are metal oxides. By applying a voltage between the conductive layer and the reflective layer, ions in the electrolyte layer enter the first color-changing layer or the second color-changing layer to cause the first color-changing layer or the second color-changing layer to change color. The ion-conducting layer is used to keep the first color-changing layer or the second color-changing layer in the color-changing state after the voltage application is stopped.

2. The intelligent window according to claim 1, characterized in that, the preparation materials of the conductive layer, the reflective layer, and the regulating layer include one or several combinations of indium tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, metal thin films, or graphene; the preparation materials of the first color-changing layer and the second color-changing layer are one or several combinations of tungsten oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, cobalt oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide; the preparation materials of the ion-conducting layer are one or several combinations of tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride; the preparation materials of the insulating layer include one or several combinations of silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, tungsten oxide, aluminum oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, beryllium oxide, magnesium oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, cobalt oxide, zirconium oxide, yttrium oxide.

3. The intelligent window according to claim 1, characterized in that, the thickness of the reflective layer is 10 - 1500 nanometers; the thickness of the insulating layer is 10 - 1500 nanometers; the thickness of the regulating layer is 10 - 1500 nanometers; the thickness of the first color-changing layer is 10 - 800 nanometers; the thickness of the second color-changing layer is 10 - 800 nanometers; the thickness of the ion-conducting layer is 10 - 800 nanometers; the thickness of the electrolyte layer is 10 - 400 nanometers.

4. The intelligent window according to claim 1, characterized in that, the preparation material of the regulating layer includes a conductor or a semiconductor that has undergone heat treatment.

5. The intelligent window according to claim 1, characterized in that, the voltage applied by the power supply to the regulating layer is -5V to 0V or 0V to 5V.

6. The intelligent window according to claim 1, characterized in that, the thickness of the reflection layer is 150 - 250 nm, and the thickness of the adjustment layer is 500 - 800 nm; when the positive electrode of the power supply is connected to the adjustment layer to apply a positive bias voltage, the infrared emissivity of the intelligent window increases, and when the negative electrode of the power supply is connected to the adjustment layer to apply a negative bias voltage, the infrared emissivity of the intelligent window decreases.

7. The intelligent window according to claim 1, characterized in that, the thickness of the reflection layer is 150 - 250 nm, the thickness of the insulating layer is 150 - 250 nm, and the thickness of the adjustment layer is 45 - 80 nm; when the positive electrode of the power supply is connected to the adjustment layer to apply a positive bias voltage, the infrared emissivity of the intelligent window decreases, and when the negative electrode of the power supply is connected to the adjustment layer to apply a negative bias voltage, the infrared emissivity of the intelligent window increases.

8. The intelligent window according to claim 1, characterized in that, the intelligent window is prepared by sequentially coating films on the substrate.

9. The intelligent window according to claim 1, characterized in that, the conductive layer has infrared reflection properties, and the conductivity of the reflection layer is 500 S / cm - 1500 S / cm.

10. The intelligent window according to claim 4, characterized in that, the temperature of the heat treatment is 10 - 600 degrees Celsius, and the time is 10 - 600 minutes.

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