Apparatus and method for measuring properties of multiphase fluids

Abstract

Disclosed herein are example multiphase flow meters and related methods. An example apparatus includes a fluid conduit coupled to a pipe. A multiphase fluid will flow from the pipe into the fluid conduit. The example apparatus includes a flow passage defined in the fluid conduit. Fluid will flow through the flow passage. A cross-sectional shape of the flow passage is different than a cross-sectional shape of the pipe. The example apparatus includes one or more sensors coupled to the flow passage to generate data indicative of characteristics of the multiphase fluid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to multiphase fluids, and more specifically, to methods related to multiphase flow meters. Background Technology

[0002] Characteristics of multiphase fluids (e.g., including oil, gas, and water) flowing through a pipe, such as phase velocity, water holdup, gas volume fraction (GVF), and water / liquid ratio (WLR), can be used to determine values ​​such as the flow rates of each phase to characterize the flow regime as the fluid travels along the pipe and to monitor flow rate changes as the fluid travels along the pipe. Multiphase fluids can flow through horizontally oriented pipes. In some known examples, combinations of sensors are used to measure stratified flow through horizontally oriented pipes, including, for example, gas and liquid layers. For example, an ultrasonic gas flow meter can be used to measure the flow characteristics of the gas phase in the upper part of the flow meter, and an ultrasonic Doppler sensor can be used to measure the flow characteristics of the liquid phase in the lower part of the flow meter. Some other known examples include vertically mounted flow meters that include a vertical pipe guiding the horizontal flow to the vertically mounted flow meter. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The following describes certain aspects of some embodiments disclosed herein. It should be understood that these aspects are presented merely to provide the reader with a brief overview of certain forms the invention may take, and these aspects are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In fact, the invention may include many aspects not set forth below.

[0004] An example device includes a fluid conduit coupled to a pipe. A multiphase fluid will flow from the pipe into the fluid conduit. The example device includes a flow channel defined within the fluid conduit. Fluid will flow through the flow channel. The cross-sectional shape of the flow channel differs from the cross-sectional shape of the pipe. The example device includes one or more sensors coupled to the flow channel to generate data indicative of the characteristics of the multiphase fluid.

[0005] Another example device includes a fluid conduit and a device for regulating the flow of a multiphase fluid through the fluid conduit. The regulating device is disposed within the fluid conduit. This example device includes a sensor coupled to the regulating device. The sensor generates sensor data during the flow of the multiphase fluid through the fluid conduit. This example device includes a processor. The sensor is communicatively coupled to the processor. The processor determines the characteristics of the multiphase fluid based on the sensor data.

[0006] Another example device includes a fluid conduit and a channel defined within the fluid conduit. The channel provides a flow path for a multiphase fluid. This example device includes a sensor disposed within the fluid conduit. The sensor generates sensor data as the multiphase fluid flows through the channel. This example device includes a processor. The sensor is communicatively coupled to the processor. The processor determines the characteristics of the multiphase fluid based on the sensor data.

[0007] An example method includes: determining a change in impedance based on first sensor data of fluid flowing through a flow meter, the first sensor data being generated by a first sensor array of the flow meter, by executing instructions with a processor; generating a first water-holding capacity distribution of the fluid based on the sensor data, by executing instructions with the processor; integrating the first water-holding capacity distribution with a second water-holding capacity distribution to generate an integrated water-holding capacity distribution, the second water-holding capacity distribution being generated based on second sensor data of the fluid, the second sensor data being generated by a second sensor array of the flow meter, by executing instructions with the processor; and determining a water content value of the fluid based on the integrated water-holding capacity distribution, by executing instructions with the processor.

[0008] Various modifications to the features described above may exist regarding the various aspects of this embodiment. Further features may also be incorporated into these different aspects. These modifications and additional features may exist individually or in any combination. For example, the various features discussed below with respect to the illustrated embodiments may be incorporated individually or in any combination into any of the above aspects of this disclosure. Similarly, the brief overview given above is intended to familiarize the reader with certain aspects and background of some embodiments, without limiting the claimed subject matter. Attached Figure Description

[0009] Figure 1 An example system including a first example flow meter constructed in accordance with the teachings disclosed herein is shown.

[0010] Figure 2 An exemplary system including another exemplary flow meter constructed in accordance with the teachings disclosed herein is shown.

[0011] Figure 3 An exemplary system including another exemplary flow meter constructed in accordance with the teachings disclosed herein is shown.

[0012] Figure 4 An exemplary system including another exemplary flow meter constructed in accordance with the teachings disclosed herein is shown.

[0013] Figure 5 It is along Figure 4 The 5-5 line cut can be used Figure 4 A front view of the fluid conduit of an exemplary flow meter.

[0014] Figure 6 It is along Figure 4 The 6-6 line is cut off Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of an exemplary flow meter.

[0015] Figure 7 It is possible to be with Figure 4 A front view of another exemplary fluid conduit used in conjunction with an exemplary flow meter.

[0016] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A side view of an exemplary fluid conduit.

[0017] Figure 9 An exemplary system including another exemplary flow meter constructed in accordance with the teachings disclosed herein is shown.

[0018] Figure 10 An exemplary system including another exemplary flow meter constructed in accordance with the teachings disclosed herein is shown.

[0019] Figure 11 It is along Figure 10 The 11-11 line segment Figure 10 A cross-sectional view of an exemplary flow meter.

[0020] Figure 12 An exemplary system including another exemplary flow meter constructed in accordance with the teachings disclosed herein is shown.

[0021] Figure 13 It is along Figure 12 The 13-13 line is cut off Figure 12 A cross-sectional view of an exemplary flow meter.

[0022] Figure 14 An exemplary system including another exemplary flow meter constructed in accordance with the teachings disclosed herein is shown.

[0023] Figure 15 It is along Figure 14 The 15-15 line is cut off Figure 14 A cross-sectional view of an exemplary flow meter.

[0024] Figure 16 An exemplary system including another exemplary flow meter constructed in accordance with the teachings disclosed herein is shown.

[0025] Figure 17 It is along Figure 16 The 17-17 line is cut off Figure 16 A cross-sectional view of an exemplary flow meter.

[0026] Figure 18 It is possible to be with Figure 16 Front view of an exemplary fluid conduit used in conjunction with an exemplary flow meter.

[0027] Figure 19 It is possible to be with Figure 16 A front view of another exemplary fluid conduit used in conjunction with an exemplary flow meter.

[0028] Figure 20An exemplary model is depicted that can be used to derive flow parameters and optimize the channel design of the exemplary flowmeter disclosed herein.

[0029] Figure 21 It is usable Figure 4-19 A top view of an exemplary sensor implemented by an exemplary flow meter.

[0030] Figure 22 It is along Figure 21 The 22-22 line is cut off Figure 21 A cross-sectional view of an example sensor.

[0031] Figure 23 An example sensor with a first sensing area is shown, based on the teachings disclosed herein.

[0032] Figure 24 An example sensor with a second sensing area is shown, based on the teachings disclosed herein.

[0033] Figure 25 It shows including Figure 21 Example sensor array of example sensors.

[0034] Figure 26 It shows including Figure 21 Another example sensor array of example sensors.

[0035] Figure 27 It shows including Figure 21 Another example sensor array of example sensors.

[0036] Figure 28 It is along Figure 27 The 28-28 line is taken from Figure 23 A cross-sectional view of an example sensor array.

[0037] Figure 29 This is a flowchart illustrating an example method for manufacturing a flow meter based on the teachings disclosed in this article.

[0038] Figure 30 This is a flowchart of an example method for installing a flow meter in a pipe, based on the teachings disclosed in this article.

[0039] Figure 31 It can be executed to achieve Figure 1-4 A flowchart of an exemplary method for an exemplary fluid analyzer of the exemplary fluid analyzers 1, 9, 10, 12, 14 and / or 16.

[0040] Figure 32 It can be executed to achieve Figure 1-4 A flowchart of another exemplary method for exemplary fluid analyzers of 1, 9, 10, 12, 14 and / or 16.

[0041] Figure 33 It is to execute instructions to achieve Figure 31 and / or the method of 32 and / or more generally Figure 1-4 The processor platform of the exemplary fluid analyzers of 1, 9, 10, 12, 14 and / or 16.

[0042] These figures are not drawn to scale. Where possible, the same reference numerals will be used throughout the figures and the accompanying written description to refer to the same or similar parts. Detailed Implementation

[0043] It should be understood that this disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing various features of the embodiments. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below for the purpose of explaining and simplifying this disclosure. Of course, these are merely examples and are not intended to be limiting.

[0044] In the specification and appended claims: the term “connection” is used to mean “directly connected together” or “connected together by one or more elements.” As used herein, the terms “upstream,” “downstream,” and other similar terms indicating relative positions above or below a given point or element are used in this specification to more clearly describe some embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, any use of other directional terms such as “horizontal,” “downward,” “vertical,” “top,” “above,” and any variations thereof is for convenience and does not require any particular orientation of the components.

[0045] When describing elements in various embodiments, the articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to indicate the presence of one or more elements. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements besides those listed.

[0046] The fluid produced from an oil well can be a multiphase mixture of gas, oil, and water. This fluid flow can be a stratified flow (e.g., having corresponding gas and liquid phases) or a partially separated flow. Furthermore, the liquid phase can include a mixture of water and oil; in other instances, the liquid phase can include a water-continuous (e.g., oil-in-water) or oil-continuous (e.g., water-in-oil) mixture. The distribution of gas and liquid, oil and water flows introduces complexity when measuring fluid values, such as water holdup, w / l / r, or water cut (i.e., the amount of water produced as part of the total fluid flow), which can affect the accuracy of measurements obtained using some known water holdup sensors.

[0047] Outside-well tubing is typically laid horizontally. However, to facilitate mixing between oil and water in the liquid layer of a fluid flow, some known flow meters include vertically oriented tubing to guide horizontal (e.g., upward) flow into vertical flow, with the flow meter coupled to the vertical tubing. Exemplary vertically mounted flow meters include sensors arranged circumferentially around the vertical flow tubing. However, the distribution of the gas and liquid phases in vertical flow is often unpredictable or different compared to stratified gas-liquid flow in horizontal and downsloping or downward-sloping tubing (e.g., the gas phase flows in the central region of the tubing, while the liquid phase flows around the periphery). Furthermore, the gas and liquid phases in vertical flow may have different velocity slips than in horizontal flow. The effects of the gas phase on the liquid phase distribution and the flow velocity on oil-water mixing can lead to errors associated with vertically mounted flow meters, such as when measuring water cut using impedance sensors. Additionally, such known flow meters increase the flow meter's footprint and installation cost due to the additional vertically oriented tubing.

[0048] This document discloses exemplary flow meters that provide for the measurement of multiphase fluids flowing in horizontal or downsloping fluid conduits (e.g., where "horizontal" refers to a 0° angle having a range of, for example, + / - 5°, and "downsloping" refers to an angle within a downslope range of, for example, 5°–45°). The exemplary flow meters disclosed herein include one or more sensors disposed in a horizontally mounted or downsloping flow meter aligned with the horizontal or downsloping flow path of the fluid flowing through the conduit. The sensors of the exemplary flow meters disclosed herein include impedance sensors (e.g., electrodes), differential pressure sensors, and / or ultrasonic sensors. Impedance data (e.g., capacitance, conductivity, inductance) can be used to generate fluid distribution information regarding, for example, liquid height, holdup values, and liquid velocity distribution. The impedance data and / or data derived therefrom can be used to determine the water / liquid ratio, holdup, and flow rate of the liquid phase. The horizontal or downsloping arrangement of the exemplary flow meters disclosed herein enables the flow meters to capture data of stratified or substantially stratified horizontal or downsloping flows without altering the orientation of the flow, as is the case with known vertically mounted flow meters. Some exemplary flow meters disclosed herein include devices for regulating flow to facilitate the stratification of gas and liquid layers, or devices for altering the cross-sectional shape of the flow relative to the pipe to increase, for example, the height of the liquid layer.

[0049] Some exemplary flow meters disclosed herein include multiple plates having sensors coupled thereto. These plates are positioned in a fluid conduit aligned with the flow path of the fluid flowing through the conduit and serve as devices for regulating flow as the fluid flows past these plates. Impedance measurements collected across the plates can be used to plot the height of the liquid layer in a stratified flow, which can be used to generate a fluid flow distribution and determine characteristics such as liquid holdup values.

[0050] Some example flow meters disclosed herein include sensors coupled to (e.g., embedded in) an insert disposed within or integrally formed with the flow meter's fluid conduit. The insert (e.g., a plastic insert, a protrusion formed in the flow conduit) defines a flow path for the fluid to facilitate stratification of the flow layer. For example, the insert may include a sloping wall to guide fluid into a channel narrower than the diameter of the pipe to which the flow meter is coupled. In some examples, a portion of the channel cross-section may have a width much narrower than the pipe diameter (e.g., a "V" or "Y" shaped cross-section). A tall, narrow channel, compared to a fluid conduit without an insert, facilitates flow stratification and results in an increased thickness of the liquid phase layer. The change in cross-section between the fluid conduit and the insert eliminates the need for a separator section to stratify the flow before collecting measurements. Stratified fluid flows through sensors (e.g., impedance arrays, ultrasound) coupled to the insert or devices for regulating the flow, improving data analysis of multiphase fluids. Some exemplary flow meters disclosed herein include flow channels with sloping bottom surfaces, which helps enhance stratified downhill flow.

[0051] Some example flow meters disclosed herein include non-contact sensors that detect the conductivity or dielectric constant of a fluid based on the magnetic flux generated by a magnetic circuit. Such example sensors include a magnetic core (e.g., a ferrite core) with one or more coils wound around it. The core is separated from the fluid by an insulator. Applying a current or voltage to the coils generates a magnetic field that extends into the fluid. The example sensors disclosed herein can detect the effect of the magnetic field on the fluid, such as the generation of eddies in the fluid. The secondary magnetic field generated by the eddies affects the magnetic flux of the ferromagnetic core, which translates into a change in the coil impedance. The impedance data can be used to determine measurements such as water holding capacity, moisture content, or WLR.

[0052] Some example flow meters disclosed herein include absolute pressure or differential pressure sensors to measure the pressure difference between a first section (e.g., the top or ceiling of the channel) and a second section (e.g., the bottom or floor of the channel) of a basic level. This differential pressure data can be combined with moisture content measurements to determine the height of the liquid flow layer, and one or more stratified flow models can be used to determine the flow rate of the liquid phase.

[0053] Some example flow meters disclosed herein include ultrasonic sensors deployed at different locations around the flow channel to measure gas phase velocity and liquid phase velocity. Such example sensors may be based on the pulse Doppler principle used to measure liquid phase velocity distribution.

[0054] Figure 1 An example system 100 is shown, which includes a multiphase flow meter 101 for measuring multiphase flow in horizontal or downhill conditions. Figure 1The flow meter 101 includes a fluid conduit 102 (e.g., a flow tube) connected to a pipe 103 through which a multiphase fluid 104 flows. Figure 1 In one example, the fluid conduit 102 is configured in a substantially horizontal position (e.g., at an angle of 0°, within a range of + / - 5°). In some other examples, the fluid conduit 102 is positioned in a substantially downslope or downwardly inclined orientation (e.g., at an angle between 5° and 45°). The multiphase fluid 104 includes a liquid flow layer 106 that flows along or near the lower portion 108 of the horizontally oriented fluid conduit 102. The multiphase fluid 104 includes a gas flow layer 110 that flows above the liquid flow layer 106 near the upper portion 112 of the fluid conduit 102. In some examples, the multiphase fluid 104 is a substantially stratified flow, or includes a flow that separates the liquid layer 106 and the gas layer 110 along an interface. Fluid 104 flows from conduit 103 along... Figure 1 The fluid flows through the fluid conduit 102 in the direction indicated by the middle arrow 114.

[0055] Figure 1 Example flow meter 101 includes a first ultrasonic sensor 116 and a second ultrasonic sensor 118 coupled to the wall 119 of a fluid conduit 102. Figure 1 In this example, the first ultrasonic sensor 116 is attached to the wall 119 near the upper portion 112 of the horizontally oriented fluid conduit 102. Therefore, as fluid 104 flows through the fluid conduit 102, the first ultrasonic sensor 116 is close to the gas flow layer 110. The first ultrasonic sensor 116 measures the velocity U of the gaseous portion of the fluid 104. gas(t) The second ultrasonic sensor 118 is attached to the wall 119 near the lower portion 108 of the horizontally oriented fluid conduit 102. Therefore, as fluid 104 flows through the fluid conduit 102, the second ultrasonic sensor 118 is close to the liquid flow layer 106. The second ultrasonic sensor 118 measures the velocity U of the liquid portion of the fluid 104. liquid(b) Sensors 116 and 118 may include time-of-flight or Doppler sensors. Although in Figure 1 In one example, sensors 116 and 118 are connected to the outside of fluid conduit 102, but in other examples, sensors 116 and 118 may be connected to the inside of fluid conduit 102.

[0056] An exemplary flow meter 101 includes a plurality of plates 120, 122, 124, 126, and 128 disposed inside a fluid conduit 102. Figure 1 In the example, the plate is positioned relative to the longitudinal axis of the fluid conduit 102 extending through a horizontally oriented conduit. For example, Figure 1The flow meter 101 includes a first plate 120, a second plate 122, a third plate 124, a fourth plate 126, and a fifth plate 128. The flow meter 101 may include a specific... Figure 1 The diagram shows more or fewer plates. The first through fifth plates 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 may be spaced apart from each other such that, relative to the stratified flow of fluid 104, the first, second, and third plates 120, 122, 124 are exposed to the gas flow layer 110, while the fourth and fifth plates 126, 128 are exposed to the liquid flow layer 106. The plates 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 may be made of, for example, ceramic materials or corrosion-resistant (e.g., coated) metallic materials.

[0057] Figure 1 An exemplary flow meter 101 includes an inlet flange 130 and an outlet flange 132. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the respective ends of the first to fifth plates 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 are connected to the inlet flange 130 and the outlet flange 132 (e.g., by mechanical supports or fasteners, such as clamps, screws, flanges, etc.). The flanges 130 and 132 allow fluid 104 to flow through or near the flanges 130 and 132 without or with little to no interference.

[0058] Figure 1 The plates 120, 122, 124, 126, and 128 of the exemplary flow meter 101 are flow regulators because they facilitate the regulation or stratification of the flow of fluid 104 through the fluid conduit 102. As disclosed herein, the stratification of the flow via the plates 120, 122, 124, 126, and 128 improves the accuracy of characterizing the fluid flow based on, for example, quantitative measurements (e.g., water / liquid ratio (WLR)). Figure 1 Example plates 120, 122, 124, 126, and 128 are used to substantially straighten (e.g., flatten) the gas and liquid flow layers 106 and 110 of fluid 104 to reduce turbulence in the respective layers 106 and 110 and improve the stratification of the flow layers 106 and 110.

[0059] In addition to regulating the flow of fluid 104, the first through fifth plates 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, combined with the electrically grounded wall 119 of the fluid conduit 102, provide measurements of impedance (e.g., capacitance and conductivity). As described herein, impedance measurements can be used to plot the height of the liquid flow layer 106 and determine the water / liquid ratio (WLR) of the liquid phase of liquid 104. Figure 1In this embodiment, each of plates 120, 122, 124, 126, and 128 includes one or more sensors (e.g., electrodes, which may have embedded impedance measurement electronics) 134. Sensors 134 may be coupled to one or more portions of plates 120, 122, 124, 126, and 128 (e.g., the surface of the plates), such that the sensor is a contact electrode. As described above, plates 120, 122, 124, 126, and 128 may be coated to protect sensors 134 from fluid 104 and from erosion and / or corrosion.

[0060] Plates 120, 122, 124, 126, and 128, including sensor 134, can be used as driving electrodes or detection electrodes for measuring, for example, capacitance and / or conductance. Sensors 134 on any two adjacent plates 120, 122, 124, 126, and 128 can measure the inter-electrode impedance distribution between the two plates. In examples where each plate 120, 122, 124, 126, and 128 includes two or more sensors 134, in-plate measurements can be obtained. In some examples, the sensor 134 on the first plate 120 or the fifth plate 128 (i.e., the plate closest to wall 119) is used as a driving electrode. In such examples, the electrically grounded wall 119 of the fluid conduit 102 is used as a detection or sensing electrode for measuring capacitance and / or conductance.

[0061] Example system 100 may include other sensors 136 to measure one or more properties of fluid 104 flowing through fluid conduit 102, for example. Sensors 136 may include pressure sensors and temperature sensors.

[0062] Example system 100 includes a fluid analyzer 138. In Figure 1 In this example, the impedance measurements generated by sensors 134 on plates 120, 122, 124, 126, and 128 are transmitted to the fluid analyzer 138 via one or more wired or wireless communication protocols. Furthermore, the gas velocity U generated by the corresponding first and second ultrasonic sensors 116 and 118... gas(t) and liquid velocity U liquid(b) Data is transmitted to the fluid analyzer 138 via one or more wired or wireless communication protocols. Figure 1 The fluid analyzer 138 of the example system 100 can be implemented by one or more processors.

[0063] Data transmitted to the fluid analyzer 138 is stored in a database 140. The database 140 may be located at the fluid analyzer 138 or elsewhere and communicate with the fluid analyzer 138. The database 140 stores impedance data and gas and / or liquid velocity data generated by sensors 116, 118, and 134, as well as pressure and temperature data generated by sensor 136. In some examples, the database 140 stores fluid property data (e.g., one or more models of the density, viscosity, dielectric constant, conductivity, and / or sound velocity of gases, oils, and water and their mixtures, as functions of pressure, temperature, and measurement frequency).

[0064] Figure 1 The fluid analyzer 138 includes a calculator 142. The calculator 142 determines the liquid height h of the liquid flow layer 106 based on electrical impedance data and one or more predetermined rules or models (e.g., based on user input) stored in a database 140. liquid Liquid holdup value α liquid and water holding capacity value α water Based on the liquid height h liquid Liquid holdup α liquid and / or water holding capacity α water The calculator 142 determines the water / liquid ratio (WLR) of the liquid phase of fluid 104. In some examples, the calculator 142 processes impedance measurements from in-plate sensors within a known axial spacing on each liquid cover plate 126, 128 via cross-correlation transit time analysis to provide the liquid velocity U. liquid(b) Individual measurements.

[0065] Calculator 142 uses data from electrical impedance (e.g., α) liquid WLR) and gas and liquid velocity data (U gas(t) U liquid(b) The exported data is used to determine the gas volumetric flow rate Q of fluid 104. gas Liquid volumetric flow rate Q liquid Water volume flow rate Q water And oil volume flow rate Q oil Calculator 142 can calculate the corresponding flow rate as follows:

[0066] Q gas = f gas × U gas(t) × (1-α liquid ) × A pipe (1);

[0067] Q liquid = f liquid × U liquid(b) ×α liquid× A pipe (2);

[0068] Q water = Q liquid × WLR (3); and

[0069] Q oil = Q liquid × (1-WLR) (4);

[0070] Where A is the cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid conduit 102, f gas and f liquid This is a correction factor for gas and liquid velocity distribution. Correction factor f gas and f liquid It can be defined as:

[0071] f gas = U gas(mean) / U gas(t) (5); and

[0072] f liquid = U liquid(mean) / U liquid(b) (6)

[0073] Correction factor f gas and f liquid The value of can be determined experimentally or through flow modeling. Correction factor f gas and f liquid These can be functions of, for example, the holding value of gas or liquid and / or the Reynolds number of gas or liquid flow.

[0074] exist Figure 1 In the example, the measurement resolution determined by the fluid analyzer 138 is proportional to the number of plates 120, 122, 124, 126, 128 disposed in the fluid conduit 102 (and therefore the number of sensors 134). In the example where the fluid conduit 102 includes a smaller number of plates, the measurement resolution is lower than in the example where a larger number of plates are disposed in the fluid conduit 102.

[0075] Figure 1 An exemplary fluid analyzer 138 includes a communicator 144. The communicator 144 transmits values ​​(e.g., flow rate, liquid holdup, and WLR) determined by a calculator 142 to, for example, one or more other processors, one or more display devices, etc., via wired or wireless communication with the fluid analyzer 138. The communicator 144 may transmit values ​​for output based on, for example, user settings received at the fluid analyzer 138.

[0076] Figure 2Another example system 200 includes a flow meter 201 and multiple plates disposed in a fluid conduit 202 of the flow meter 201, essentially as combined Figure 1 What has been made public. Figure 2 In the example, the multiphase fluid 204 includes a liquid flow layer 206 and a gas flow layer 208. Figure 2 The fluid flows through the fluid conduit 202 in the direction of arrow 210.

[0077] Figure 2 An exemplary flow meter 201 includes a first plate 212, a second plate 214, a third plate 216, a fourth plate 218, and a fifth plate 220 disposed along the longitudinal axis of a fluid conduit 202. Plates 212, 214, 216, 218, and 220 are supported by inlet and outlet flanges 222 and 224, substantially as described above. Figure 1 The plates 212, 214, 216, 218, and 220 discussed above include a sensor 226 to measure impedance (e.g., capacitance, conductance) as fluid 204 flows through the plate.

[0078] Figure 2 Example system 200 includes a first pitot tube 228 coupled to a fluid conduit 202 connected to a flow meter 201. For example... Figure 2 As shown, a first pitot tube 228 extends through the wall 230 of the fluid conduit 202 near the first plate 212 (e.g., on the top side of the horizontally positioned fluid conduit 202). The first pitot tube 228 includes a first opening facing the flow of fluid 204 in the fluid conduit 202 and a second opening oriented opposite to the flow of fluid 204 (e.g., away from said flow). The first pitot tube 228 measures the impact pressure ΔP of the gas flowing near the first plate 212. gas and static pressure P gas .

[0079] Figure 2 Example system 200 includes a second Pitot tube 232 connected to a fluid conduit 202 of flow meter 201. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the second pitot tube 232 extends through the wall 230 of the fluid conduit 202 near the fifth plate 220 (e.g., near the lower portion of the horizontally oriented fluid conduit 202). The second pitot tube 232 includes a first opening facing the flow of fluid 204 in the fluid conduit 202 and a second opening oriented opposite to the flow of fluid 204 (e.g., away from said flow). The second pitot tube 232 measures the impact pressure ΔP of the liquid flowing near the fifth plate 220. liquid and static pressure P liquid .

[0080] As described above Figure 1The example system 200 may include other sensors to measure the properties of the fluid 204. Figure 2 In one example, system 200 includes a temperature sensor 234 to measure the fluid temperature as fluid 204 flows through fluid conduit 202.

[0081] Figure 2 Example system 200 includes Figure 1 Fluid analyzer 138. In Figure 2 In the example, sensors 226 on each of the plates 212, 214, 216, 218, and 220 transmit impedance data to the fluid analyzer 138. Additionally, the first and second pitot tubes 228 and 232 transmit pressure data (e.g., impact pressure ΔP). gas ΔP liquid Static pressure P gas P liquid The data is transmitted to the fluid analyzer 138. Data generated by temperature sensor 234 is also transmitted to the fluid analyzer 138. Data from sensors 226, 228, 232, and 234 are stored in a database 140 associated with the fluid analyzer 138.

[0082] exist Figure 2 In the example, the calculator 142 of the fluid analyzer 138 is based on the impact pressure P measured by the first pitot tube 228. gas Determine the gas velocity U of fluid 204. gas(t) ,as follows:

[0083] U gas(t) ≈ (2×ΔP gas / ρ gas ) 1 / 2 (7)

[0084] In Equation 7, the model stored in database 140 can be used and based on the static gas pressure P measured by the first Pitot tube 228. gas The gas density ρ is determined by the fluid temperature T measured by temperature sensor 234. gas .

[0085] exist Figure 2 In the example, calculator 142 is based on the impact pressure ΔP measured by the second pitot tube 232. liquid Determine the liquid velocity U of fluid 204. liquid(b) ,as follows:

[0086] U liquid(b) ≈ (2×ΔP liquid / ρ liquid ) 1 / 2 (8)

[0087] In Equation 8, the liquid density ρdensity The following can be determined:

[0088] ρ liquid = WLR ×ρ water + (1-WLR) ×ρ oil (9)

[0089] In Equation 9, the local WLR of the second pitot tube 232 can be determined by the impedance measured by the sensor 226 of the fifth plate 220. This is based on the static pressure P measured by the second pitot tube 232. liquid The oil density ρ can be determined using the fluid temperature measured by temperature sensor 234 and the model stored in database 140. density and water density ρ water The calculator 142 can process impedance measurements from in-plate sensors with known axial spacing on each liquid cover plate 218, 220 through cross-correlation transit time analysis to provide the liquid velocity U. liquid(b) Individual measurements.

[0090] The calculator 142 of the exemplary fluid analyzer 138 determines the liquid height h of the liquid flow layer 206 based on electrical impedance data and one or more predetermined models stored in the database 140. liquid Liquid holdup value α liquid and water holding capacity value α water Based on the liquid height h liquid and / or liquid holdup α liquid and water holding capacity α water The value, calculator 142 determines the WLR (= α) of the liquid phase of fluid 204. water / α liquid The calculator 142 of the fluid analyzer 138 can be based on the gas and liquid velocities U. gas(t) U liquid(b) The volumetric flow rates of gases, liquids, water, and oil are determined using equations 1-6 above.

[0091] Figure 3 Another example system 300 includes a flow meter 301 and multiple plates disposed in a fluid conduit 302 of the flow meter 301, essentially as combined Figure 1 and 2 What has been made public. Figure 3 In the example, the multiphase fluid 304 includes a liquid flow layer 306 and a gas flow layer 308. Figure 3 The fluid flows through the fluid conduit 302 in the direction of arrow 310.

[0092] An exemplary flow meter 301 includes a first plate 312, a second plate 314, a third plate 316, a fourth plate 318, and a fifth plate 320 disposed along the longitudinal axis of a fluid conduit 302. The respective ends of plates 312, 314, 316, 318, and 320 are coupled to an inlet flange 322 (e.g., via a mechanical support coupled to the inlet flange 322) and a support 324 disposed upstream of an outlet flange 325 of the flow meter 301. The inlet flange 322 and the support 324 allow fluid 304 to flow through the fluid conduit 302 without significant interference. In some examples, Figure 3 Plates 312, 314, 316, 318, and 320 include a sensor 326 to measure, for example, impedance (e.g., capacitance, conductivity) as fluid 304 flows through the plate.

[0093] Figure 3 Example system 300 includes a first ultrasonic (e.g., time-of-flight) sensor 328 and a second ultrasonic (e.g., Doppler) sensor 330 coupled to the wall 332 of fluid conduit 302. Figure 3 In the example, the first ultrasonic sensor 328 is coupled to the wall 332 of the upper portion 334 of the horizontally oriented fluid conduit 302, or to the region through which the gas flow layer 308 of the fluid 304 in the fluid conduit 302 flows. The first ultrasonic sensor 328 measures the velocity U of the gas in the fluid 304. gas(t) The second ultrasonic sensor 330 is connected to the wall 332 near the lower portion 336 of the horizontally oriented fluid conduit 302, or to the area through which the liquid flow layer 306 of the fluid 304 in the fluid conduit 302 flows. The second ultrasonic sensor 330 measures the liquid velocity U of the fluid 304. lquid(t) . Figure 3 Examples can include more than Figure 3 More sensors 328 and 330 are shown.

[0094] and Figure 1 In comparison, Figure 3 In the example, the first and second ultrasonic sensors 328 and 330 are positioned downstream of plates 312, 314, 316, 318, and 320. Therefore, the lengths of plates 312, 314, 316, 318, and 320 and / or the positions of the inlet flange 322 and / or support member 324 supporting plates 312, 314, 316, 318, and 320 can be relative to... Figure 1 The example system 300 is adapted to accommodate the placement of ultrasonic sensors 328 and 330 downstream of plates 312, 314, 316, 318, and 320. The example system 300 may include additional sensors 333 to measure, for example, fluid pressure and / or temperature as fluid 304 flows through fluid conduit 302.

[0095] Figure 3 Example system 300 includes Figure 1 Fluid analyzer 138. In Figure 3 In the example, calculator 142 uses data generated by a second ultrasonic (e.g., Doppler) sensor 330 to determine the height h of the liquid. liquid and the velocity U of the liquid lquid(t) The calculator 142 determines the liquid height h of the liquid flow layer 306 based on electrical impedance data and one or more predetermined models stored in the database 140. liquid Liquid holdup value α liquid and water holding capacity value α water Based on the liquid height h liquid and / or liquid holdup α liquid and water holding capacity α water The calculator 142 determines the WLR value of the liquid phase of fluid 304. The calculator 142 can determine the liquid height independently of the impedance data collected by sensor 326 on plates 312, 314, 316, 318, and 320. Therefore, in Figure 3 In the example, calculator 142 can determine, for example, the volumetric flow rate Q of gas and / or liquid. gas Q liquid Instead of using the gas and liquid velocity distribution correction factor f used in conjunction with equations 1, 2, 5, and 6 above. gas and f liquid .

[0096] therefore, Figure 1-3 Different examples are shown of flow rate regulation via plates 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320 and fluid measurements collected via sensors 134, 226, 326 on the plates and / or sensors 116, 118, 136, 228, 232, 234, 328, 330, 333 connected to fluid conduits 102, 202, 302. Figure 1 and 3 As shown, in some examples, sensors coupled to fluid conduits 102, 302 may include non-invasive ultrasonic sensors 116, 118, 328, 330 relative to the walls 119, 332 of fluid conduits 102, 302. In other examples, such as Figure 2 As shown, the sensor may include a pitot tube 228, 232 that penetrates through the wall 230 of the fluid conduit 202. In other examples, Figure 2 The pitot tubes 228 and 232 shown can be installed downstream of the flow regulator and impedance sensor board, instead of Figure 3 The ultrasonic sensors 328 and 330 shown are used to measure gas velocity and liquid velocity.

[0097] Figure 1-3 A first example device for regulating fluid flowing through a flow meter is shown, namely plates 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 212, 214, 216, 218, 220, 312, 314, 316, 318, and 320 disposed in fluid conduits 102, 202, and 302. Figure 4-19 A second example device for regulating fluid flow is shown, comprising an insert in a fluid conduit to define a flow path for a multiphase fluid. As disclosed herein, the flow path defined by the insert facilitates stratification of the fluid during flow through the fluid conduit.

[0098] Figure 4 An example system 400 is shown, comprising a flow meter 401 with a basic horizontal orientation, the flow meter 401 including an insert 402 disposed in a fluid conduit 403 of the flow meter 401. Figure 4 The insert 402 defines a flow path for the multiphase fluid flowing through the flow meter 401. The insert 402 may be formed separately from and coupled to the fluid conduit 403 (e.g., mechanically coupled), or it may be integrally formed with a portion of the fluid conduit 403 by forging, casting, molding, etc. The fluid conduit 403 has an inlet 404 and an outlet 406 through which the multiphase fluid flows, such as... Figure 4 As indicated by arrow 408. Figure 4 In the example, the fluid conduit 403 is configured in a substantially horizontal position (e.g., at an angle of 0°, within the range of + / - 5°). In some other examples, the fluid conduit 403 is positioned in a substantially downslope or downward-sloping orientation (e.g., at an angle between 5° and 45°). For illustrative purposes, Figure 4 The figure shows a top cross-sectional view of the fluid conduit 403.

[0099] The fluid conduit 403 includes a first flange 410 disposed near the inlet 404 of the fluid conduit 403 and a second flange 412 disposed near the outlet 406 of the fluid conduit 403. Figure 4 In the example, the diameter of the fluid conduit 403 is larger than the diameter of the pipe 414 to which the flow meter 401 is connected. First and second flanges 410, 412 facilitate the connection of the pipe 414 to the flow meter 401. For example, the diameter of the orifices of the flanges 410, 412 may be the same as the diameter of the pipe 414, or within tolerance relative to the diameter of the pipe 414.

[0100] exist Figure 4In the example, buffer 416 is positioned at inlet 404 to direct fluid flow to the side of fluid conduit 403, as indicated by arrow 417. The change in fluid flow direction by buffer 416 helps reduce the impact of liquid slugs. In some examples, buffer is positioned at outlet 406 to divert flow to the side, thereby reducing fluid backflow into fluid conduit 403. In other examples, buffer can be configured to direct the heavier liquid phase to the side while directing the lighter gas phase upward to accelerate gas / liquid stratification.

[0101] Example insert 402 can be made of one or more insert portions. Figure 4 In the example, insert 402 includes a first insert portion 420 and a second insert portion 422 spaced apart from the first insert portion. For example... Figure 4 As shown, the first insert portion 420 is disposed near the first side 424 of the fluid conduit 403, and the second insert portion 422 is disposed near the second side 426 of the fluid conduit 403. Figure 4 In the example, the first and second insert portions 420, 422 are symmetrical to each other. The first and second insert portions 420, 422 define a channel 428 between the insert portions 420, 422.

[0102] The respective ends 427 of the first and second insert portions 420, 422 can be engaged to the second flange 412 by one or more mechanical fasteners (e.g., clamps, screws). During assembly, when the fluid conduit 403 is engaged to the tube 414 via the flanges 410, 412, the first and second insert portions 420, 422 can be engaged to the second flange 412 and slide into the fluid conduit 403. In some examples, the respective ends 429 of the first and second insert portions 420, 422 opposite to the ends 427 are mechanically engaged to the first flange 410.

[0103] The exemplary insert 402, including insert portions 420, 422, can be made of a material such as plastic, including high-temperature polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Insert 402 can be formed using methods such as casting, molding, 3D printing, etc. In some examples, one or more portions of the sidewall 425 of insert 402 (e.g., the channel-facing wall) are coated with a hydrophobic material, such as a Teflon-based material including ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE).

[0104] like Figure 4As shown, the lengths of the corresponding insert portions 420, 422 are less than the length L of the fluid conduit 403 (e.g., where the length L of the fluid conduit 403 is less than 1 m (e.g., between 0.4 m and 0.8 m). The fluid conduit 403 includes a settling chamber 430 defined in the region between the inlet 404 (e.g., near the buffer 416) and the insert 402 (i.e., the first and / or second insert portions 420, 422). As fluid flows from the tube 414 through the inlet 404 and around the buffer 416, the fluid accumulates in the settling chamber 430 before flowing through the channel 428. The size and / or shape of the settling chamber 430 may differ from... Figure 4 For example, the accumulation of fluid in the settling chamber 430 and design parameters (such as the volume of the settling chamber 430) further affect the flow conditions as part of the flow regulation of the flow meter 401.

[0105] Defined by insert parts 420 and 422 Figure 4 The channel 428 transforms the flow cross-section from a circular shape (e.g., based on the circular shape of pipe 414) to a narrow and tall shape (e.g., relative to the diameter of pipe 414). In other words, the cross-sectional shape of the channel 428 differs from the cross-sectional shape of pipe 414. The cross-section of the channel 428 can be, for example, rectangular, V-shaped, or trapezoidal (where a trapezoid is, for example, shown below). Figure 5 (as shown in the image) or other shapes. For example... Figure 4 As indicated by arrow 432, fluid flows from settling chamber 430 into channel 428, where it is shaped or converged to conform to the shape of channel 428. Figure 4 As shown, the ends 429 of the first and second insert portions 420, 422 have inclined walls 434. In some examples, the inclined walls 434 are formed at the ends 427, 429 of the insert portions 420, 422, close to the upstream and downstream flows, to provide a gradual narrowing of the channel 428 in the upstream flow and a gradual widening of the channel in the downstream flow. As the fluid exits the channel 428, the gradual transition provided by the inclined walls 434 reduces turbulence compared to any other wall with sharp edges and / or abrupt changes in cross-section or shape.

[0106] exist Figure 4 In the example, channel 428 facilitates further stratification of the fluid flow. For instance, the trapezoidal shape of channel 428 increases the thickness of both the liquid and gas layers based on the trapezoidal profile. As fluid is transferred into channel 428, the thickness of the liquid and gas layers increases due to the narrow and tall channel, which helps improve the accuracy of fluid flow characteristic measurements.

[0107] exist Figure 4In some examples, one or more sensors 436 are coupled to inserts 402 (e.g., embedded in first and / or second insert portions 420, 422, attached to one or more surfaces of the respective first and / or second insert portions 420, 422). In some examples, insert portions 420, 422 define openings 438 near flow channels 428 to receive sensors 436. Sensors 436 measure one or more characteristics of fluid flow along, for example, the vertical height of channel 428 (in an example where fluid conduit 403 is arranged in a downwardly sloping orientation, the vertical height of channel 428 refers to the direction normal to the flow direction). Sensors 436 may be disposed along one or both sides of channel 428 (e.g., in the first and / or second insert portions 420, 422). The number and type of sensors 436 may be based on the specific fluid characteristic to be measured. Data generated by sensors 436 may be transmitted to, for example, a fluid analyzer 138 for processing and analysis. In some examples, one or more electronic circuits 440 for interfacing between sensor 436 and fluid analyzer 138 are coupled to insert portions 420, 422. Thus, in addition to guiding fluid flow via channel 428 to have a specific cross-sectional shape, insert 402 also provides a housing for sensor 436 and electronic circuits 440 to monitor fluid flow through channel 428.

[0108] For example, to measure the water / liquid ratio (WLR), insert 402 may include a sensor array 436 to measure impedance, including an array of capacitance, conductivity, inductance, and / or microwave transmission / reflection sensors. The impedance sensor array can measure the water-holding capacity distribution (vertically) over the liquid layer. Example calculator 142 of fluid analyzer 138 inverts the water-holding capacity distribution to determine the WLR value of the flow in an example where, for example, the liquid phase is substantially well mixed and / or has a substantially uniform velocity distribution along the height of the liquid (e.g., uniform liquid flow, non-turbulent flow). In examples where the liquid phase is not sufficiently mixed and / or does not have a substantially uniform velocity distribution (e.g., turbulent flow), insert portions 420, 422 may include additional sensors to generate vertical velocity distribution data across the liquid layer.

[0109] Figure 5 It is along Figure 4 A front view of an exemplary fluid conduit 403, taken from line 5-5. (See also...) Figure 5 As shown, the inner diameter d2 of fluid conduit 403 is greater than that of conduit 414. Figure 4 The inner diameter d1 of the fluid conduit 403 is such that the pipe 414 is connected to the fluid conduit 403 at the inlet 404 and outlet 406 (e.g., via...). Figure 4 Flanges 410, 412). For example, pipe 414 ( Figure 4 , 6The diameter d1 of the fluid conduit 403 can be 3 inches, and the diameter d2 can be in the range of 6-24 inches. Figure 4 and Figure 5 In the example, the cross-sectional area of ​​channel 428, A2, is equal to or greater than the cross-sectional area of ​​the tube, A1 = πd1. 2 / 4, where the ratio A2 / A1 between the cross-sectional areas of channel 428 and pipe 414 is between 1 and 10.

[0110] like Figure 5 As shown, the stratified flow of fluid through channel 428 includes a gas flow layer 500 and a liquid flow layer 502. Figure 5 In the example, the width of channel 428 can be defined by the ratio of the liquid cross-sectional area to the height of the liquid flow layer 502, i.e., W. liq = A liq / h liq The width W of channel 428 liq Smaller than the diameter d1 of tube 414. For example, the width W of channel 428. liq The ratio of the diameter d1 of the tube 414 to the diameter of the pipe 428 can be between 0.05 and 0.8. Furthermore, the height h of the channel 428... c It is greater than the diameter d1 of pipe 414. For example, the ratio h of the height of channel 428 to the diameter of pipe 414 is... c / d1 can be between 2 and 20.

[0111] The cross-sectional shape of channel 428 can be adjusted based on the cut angle β of insert 402 and the width W0 of the narrowest portion of channel 428. In the example where insert 402 includes two insert portions 420, 422, the cut angle β can be the angle of the respective sidewalls of insert portions 420, 422 (e.g., Figure 4 The sidewall 425). When β = 0, the channel cross-section can be rectangular, while when β > 0, the channel cross-section has a trapezoidal shape. In some examples, the angle β is between 0 ≤ β ≤ 30°. The width W0 of the narrowest part of the channel 428 can be, for example, between 3 mm and 30 mm.

[0112] Figure 6 It is along Figure 4 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of an exemplary flow meter 401 and pipe 414 taken from line 6-6. For illustrative purposes, Figure 6 The second insert portion 422 of insert 402 is shown. It should be understood that the first insert portion 420 may include the same or substantially similar components (e.g., sensor 436). Figure 6 In the example, the second insert portion 422 includes an array 600 containing a sensor 436. The array 600 may include... Figure 6 Examples include more or fewer sensors. For example... Figure 6 As shown, some sensors 436 are arranged along the height of the liquid flow layer in channel 428, such as Figure 6 As shown by the dashed line 602. Other sensors in sensor 436 measure the characteristics of the gas flow layer (e.g., sensors attached to insert portion 422 at a height above the liquid flow layer).

[0113] like Figure 6 As shown, electronic circuit 440 is communicatively connected to sensor 436 of array 600. In Figure 6 In the example, (e.g., the first) electronic circuit 440 is also communicatively connected to a second electronic circuit 604 disposed outside the fluid conduit 403. For example, the first electronic circuit 440 may be communicatively connected to the second electronic circuit 604 via a cable 607 extending through the second flange 412. Data generated by the sensor 436 may be processed by the first and / or second electronic circuits 440, 604 before being transmitted to the fluid analyzer 138 for analysis. The communication connection between the sensor 436 and the electronic circuits 440, 604 may be based on one or more wired and / or wireless communication protocols.

[0114] like Figure 6 As shown, flanges 410 and 412 include openings 606 that align with tube 414 at the inlet 404 and outlet 406 of fluid conduit 403. The diameter of the openings 606 of flanges 410 and 412 can be substantially equal to the diameter d1 of tube 414. Figure 6 As indicated by arrow 608, the central longitudinal axis 609 of the opening 606 passing through the tube 414 and flanges 410, 412 is eccentrically positioned (e.g., misaligned) relative to the central longitudinal axis 611 extending through the fluid conduit 403.

[0115] exist Figure 6 In this example, one or more sensors 610 are coupled to the first and / or second flanges 410, 412 to collect additional data related to fluid flow before and / or after fluid enters the channel 428. The sensors 610 coupled to the flanges 410, 412 may include temperature sensors, pressure sensors, differential pressure sensors, salinity sensors, airflow sensors (e.g., ultrasonic gas transducers), etc. The sensors 610 on the flanges 410, 412 are communicatively coupled to a third electronic circuit 612, which provides, for example... Figure 4 The interface of the fluid analyzer 138. In addition to or as an alternative to flanges 410, 412, sensor 610 may be located elsewhere relative to fluid conduit 403. For example, sensor 610 may also be located at insert portions 420, 422.

[0116] Figure 7 It is possible to be with Figure 4 A front view of another exemplary fluid conduit 700 used in conjunction with the exemplary flow meter 401. The exemplary fluid conduit 700 includes an insert 702 disposed therein to facilitate stratification of fluid flowing through the fluid conduit 700. This is in conjunction with the first and second insert portions 420, 422 formed by the [missing information - likely referring to a specific type of insert]. Figure 4-6 Compared to insert 402, Figure 7 The insert 702 is an integral structure including a channel 704 defined therein (e.g., by compression). Figure 7 As shown, region 706 of the insert 702 is positioned above channel 704, and region 708 of the insert 702 is positioned below channel 704. Similarly... Figure 7 As shown, the inner diameter d of the fluid conduit 700 i It is larger than the diameter of the tube 414 that it is aligned with.

[0117] Figure 8 This is a side view of an exemplary fluid conduit 700. Fluid flowing through channel 704... Figure 8 The flow is in the direction of the middle arrow 800. The end 801 of the insert 702 is connected to the flange 802 by one or more mechanical fasteners. Figure 7 and Figure 8 In the example, the tolerance between the outer diameter of the insert 702 and the inner diameter of the fluid conduit 700 does not need to be strictly limited, because fluid leakage is controlled by the seals of the flange 802 and the end of the insert 702.

[0118] exist Figure 7 and 8 In the example, a downhill fluid flow through the channel can be generated by the inclined insert 702. Figure 8 In the example, insert 702 includes a first portion 804, a second portion 806, and a third portion 808. The second portion 806 of insert 702 has a downslope angle θ and a length L2 relative to the other portions 804 and 808 of insert 702, each having corresponding lengths L1 and L3. Downslope flow at the second portion 806 facilitates the stratification of the gas and liquid phases of the fluid. For example, the downslope angle θ can be between 0 and 30 degrees, and the L2 length of the second portion 806 can be between 100 and 700 mm. The length L2 of the second portion 806 can have different lengths. In some examples, the length L2 of the second portion 806 is greater than the lengths L1 and L3 of the first and third portions 804 and 808. Insert 702 may include one or more sensor arrays 810 coupled to (e.g., embedded in) insert 702 to measure one or more properties of the fluid flowing through channel 704. Insert 702 may include a combination of... Figure 4-6 The electronic circuitry and / or other sensors discussed (e.g., sensors coupled to flange 802).

[0119] Figure 9 Another example system 900 is shown, comprising a flow meter 901 with a generally horizontal orientation, the flow meter 901 including an insert 902 disposed in a fluid conduit 903 of the flow meter 901. In some other examples, the fluid conduit 903 is disposed in a generally downslope or downwardly inclined orientation. Figure 9 The insert 902 defines a flow path for the multiphase fluid flowing through the flow meter 901, essentially as described above. Figure 4 As disclosed in the flow meter 401 (for example, Figure 4 The flow channel 428). The insert 902 may be formed separately from and connected to the fluid conduit 903 (e.g., mechanically connected), or it may be integrally formed with a portion of the fluid conduit 903 by forging, casting, molding, extrusion, etc. For illustrative purposes, Figure 9 The image shows a side view of the fluid conduit 903.

[0120] like Figure 9 As shown, insert 902 (which can be made of coupling) Figure 4-8 The discussed one or more inserts (formed as described) include a first sensor array 904 comprising a plurality of sensors 906 and a second sensor array 908 comprising a plurality of sensors 910. The second sensor array 908 may be coupled to the insert 902 at a known distance from the first sensor array 904. The sensors 906, 910 of the corresponding first and second sensor arrays 904, 908 may be of the same type (e.g., an impedance sensor array) or may include different types of sensors between the sensor arrays 904, 908. Figure 9 As shown, sensor arrays 904 and 908 can be communicatively connected to one or more electronic circuits 912 for transmitting sensor data to the fluid analyzer 138.

[0121] exist Figure 9 In the example, sensors 906 and 910 of the corresponding sensor arrays 904 and 908 measure fluid characteristics, such as water holdup in the vertical direction along a horizontally positioned fluid conduit 903 at the liquid and gas flow layers of a multiphase fluid. In the example where the first and second sensor arrays 904 and 908 include the same sensors 906 and 910, the calculator 142 of the fluid analyzer 138 can determine the velocity distribution profile along the height of the liquid flow layer by determining the transit time through cross-correlation of the signal data generated by the sensor arrays 904 and 908. Based on the analysis of the data generated by each sensor array 904 and 908, the calculator 142 determines, for example, average water holdup, liquid holdup, WLR, water flow rate, and oil flow rate.

[0122] Figure 10Another example system 1000 is shown, including a flow meter 1001, which includes an insert 1002 disposed in a fluid conduit 1003 of the flow meter 1001. Figure 10 The insert 1002 defines a flow path 1006 for the multiphase fluid flowing through the flow meter 1001, essentially as described above. Figure 4 and 9 The flow meters 401 and 901 disclose this design. The insert 1002 may be formed separately from and connected to the fluid conduit 1003 (e.g., mechanically connected), or it may be integrally formed with a portion of the fluid conduit 1003 by forging, casting, molding, extrusion, etc. For illustrative purposes, Figure 10 A top view of the fluid conduit 1003 is shown. Similarly, for illustrative purposes, the insert 1002 is... Figure 10 The diagram shows that it is formed by first and second inserts 1004 and 1005, which are substantially as described above. Figure 4 The first and second insert portions 420, 422 of the insert 402 are disclosed.

[0123] like Figure 10 As shown, the second insert 1005 includes a sensor array 1008 to measure one or more properties of the fluid flowing through the fluid conduit 1003, such as the water-holding capacity distribution along the vertical height of the flow channel 1006. Similarly, as... Figure 10 As shown, the ultrasonic Doppler flow velocity (UDV) distribution sensor 1010 is connected to the fluid conduit 1003 (e.g., below). Figure 11 (The surface of the fluid conduit shown). UDV sensor 1010 projects an ultrasonic beam through the wall of fluid conduit 1003 and through the liquid flow layer of the fluid in channel 1006 to measure the liquid velocity distribution and identify the gas / liquid interface (and therefore, the liquid holdup). Based on the data generated by sensor array 1008 and UDV sensor 1010, calculator 142 of fluid analyzer 138 can determine the total liquid flow rate measurement and WLR value of the fluid (where the WLR value is determined by the water holdup distribution). Calculator 142 can also determine other values, such as oil flow rate and water flow rate.

[0124] Figure 11 It is along Figure 10 The 11-11 line segment Figure 10 A cross-sectional view of an exemplary flow meter 1001. (See example...) Figure 11 As shown, the UDV sensor 1010 is coupled to (e.g., clamped to) the lower surface 1100 of the fluid conduit 1003. The UDV sensor 1010 can be coupled to the surface 1100 of the fluid conduit 1003 aligned with the channel 1006, such as... Figure 10 As shown.

[0125] In an example where the liquid phase is well mixed (e.g., an emulsion), the flow meter 1001 may include a sensor array 1008 (e.g., an impedance sensor array) to provide a WLR measurement determined from the water-holding capacity distribution, but does not include a UDV sensor 1010 providing a velocity measurement. In such an example, Figure 10 and 11 The flow meter 1001 is used as a WLR flow meter. Therefore, the number and type of sensors connected to the fluid conduit 1003 can be customized based on the type of measurement to be generated.

[0126] Figure 12 and 13 Another example system 1200 including a flow meter 1201 is shown, the flow meter 1201 including an insert 1202 disposed in a fluid conduit 1203 of the flow meter 1201. The insert 1202 defines a flow passage 1206 for a multiphase fluid to flow through the flow meter 1201, substantially as described above. Figure 4 , 9 The flow meters 401, 901, and 1001 disclosed herein. The insert 1202 may be formed separately from and connected to the fluid conduit 1203 (e.g., mechanically connected thereto), or may be integrally formed with a portion of the fluid conduit 1203 by forging, casting, molding, extrusion, etc. For illustrative purposes, Figure 12 The image shows a top view of the fluid conduit 1203. Figure 13 It shows along Figure 12 The 13-13 line is cut off Figure 12 A cross-sectional view of an exemplary flow meter 1201. Similarly, for illustrative purposes, the insert 1202 is... Figure 12 The diagram shows that it is formed by first and second inserts 1204 and 1205, which are substantially as described above. Figure 4 The first and second insert portions 420, 422 of the insert 402 are disclosed.

[0127] like Figure 12 and 13 As shown, the second insert 1205 includes an array of impedance sensors 1208 to measure one or more properties of the fluid flowing through the channel 1206, such as water-holding capacity distribution. Similarly, as... Figure 12 As shown, the first insert 1204 includes an ultrasonic Doppler transducer array 1210 (e.g., coupled thereto, embedded therein). The ultrasonic Doppler transducer array 1210 can be used to obtain distributed velocity measurements of the liquid flow layer height along the fluid flowing through the fluid conduit 1203. Based on the data generated by the sensor array 1208 and the ultrasonic Doppler transducer array 1210, the calculator 142 of the fluid analyzer 138 can determine the WLR value, the total liquid flow rate measurement, and the flow rates of water and oil. Figure 12 and13 As shown, the impedance sensor array 1208 and / or the ultrasonic Doppler transducer array 1210 can be connected to the first insert 1204 and / or the second insert 1205, or in a different manner (e.g., both sensor arrays 1208 and 1210 can be connected to one of the inserts 1204 and 1205).

[0128] Figure 14 Another example system 1400 including a flow meter 1401 is shown, the flow meter 1401 including an insert 1402 disposed in a fluid conduit 1403 of the flow meter 1401. Figure 14 The insert 1402 defines a flow path 1406 for the multiphase fluid flowing through the flow meter 1401, essentially as described above. Figure 4 , 9 The flow meters 401, 901, 1001, and 1201, 10 and 12, are disclosed. The insert 1402 may be formed separately from and connected to the fluid conduit 1403 (e.g., mechanically connected to it), or it may be integrally formed with a portion of the fluid conduit 1403 by forging, casting, molding, extrusion, etc. For illustrative purposes, Figure 14 The image shows a top view of the fluid conduit 1403. Figure 15 It is along Figure 14 A cross-sectional view of the exemplary flow meter 1401 taken from line 15-15. Similarly, for illustrative purposes, insert 1402 is... Figure 14 The diagram shows that it is formed by first and second inserts 1404 and 1405, which are substantially as described above. Figure 4 The first and second insert portions 420, 422 of the insert 402 are disclosed.

[0129] Figure 14 and 15 The exemplary flow meter 1401 is a three-phase (gas, oil, water) flow meter, including one or more sensor arrays 1408 to measure the water-holding capacity distribution along the height of the liquid flow layer of the fluid. The sensor array 1408 for measuring the water-holding capacity distribution may include an array of impedance sensors or an array of infrared sensors. Figure 15 As shown, the exemplary flow meter 1401 includes one or more ultrasonic Doppler sensor arrays 1410 coupled to an insert 1402 and / or one or more ultrasonic Doppler sensors 1412 coupled to a surface 1500 (e.g., a lower surface) of a fluid conduit 1403. Figure 15 As shown, the exemplary flow meter 1401 includes one or more ultrasonic gas transducers (UGTs) 1502 connected to flanges 1504 and 1506, and a fluid conduit 1403 connected to flanges 1504 and 1506. The UGTs 1502 are communicatively connected to a gas flow meter 1505.

[0130] exist Figure 14 and 15 In the example, the calculator 142 of the fluid analyzer 138 determines the water-holding capacity distribution along the height of the liquid flow layer of the fluid based on data generated by sensor array 1408 (e.g., an electrical impedance sensor array or an infrared sensor array). The calculator 142 can determine the liquid phase velocity distribution by using the cross-correlation of signals generated by two or more electrical impedance sensor arrays 1408 or two or more infrared sensor arrays 1408, data generated by ultrasonic Doppler sensor array 1410, and / or data generated by ultrasonic Doppler sensor 1412 coupled to the fluid conduit 1403 to determine the liquid phase transit time at different heights. The calculator 142 can determine the liquid phase holdup of the fluid based on the (Doppler energy distribution) data generated by the ultrasonic Doppler sensor arrays 1410 and / or 1412, the liquid flow rate determined from the liquid phase velocity distribution, the WLR value determined from the water-holding capacity distribution, and the flow rates of oil and water. Based on the gas holdup determined from the liquid holdup, the calculator 142 can use gas velocity measurements collected by the UGT 1502 from the gas flow layer of the fluid to determine the gas flow rate.

[0131] Figure 16 Another example system 1600 is shown, including a flow meter 1601, which includes an insert 1602 disposed in a fluid conduit 1603 of the flow meter 1601. Figure 16 The insert 1602 defines a flow path 1606 for the multiphase fluid flowing through the flow meter 1601, essentially as described above. Figure 4 , 9 The flow meters 401, 901, 1001, 1201, and 1401, 10, 12, and 14, are disclosed. The insert 1602 may be formed separately from and connected to the fluid conduit 1603 (e.g., mechanically connected to it), or integrally formed with a portion of the fluid conduit 1603 by forging, casting, molding, extrusion, etc. For illustrative purposes, Figure 16 The image shows a top view of the fluid conduit 1603. Figure 17 It is along Figure 16 A cross-sectional view of the exemplary flow meter 1601 taken from line 17-17. Furthermore, for illustrative purposes, the insert 1602 is... Figure 16 The diagram shows the components as either integral or individual inserts, essentially as described above. Figure 7 The insert 702 is disclosed.

[0132] Figure 16 and 17The exemplary flow meter 1601 is a three-phase (gas, oil, water) flow meter that includes one or more sensor arrays 1608 to measure the water-holding capacity distribution along the height of the liquid flow layer of the fluid. The sensor array 1608 for measuring the water-holding capacity distribution may include an array of impedance sensors or an array of infrared sensors. Figure 16 and 17 The exemplary flow meter 1601 also includes a first pressure measuring point 1702 (in Figure 17 The first pressure sensor 1700 measures the pressure at point P1, and the second measuring point 1706 measures the pressure at point P1. Figure 17 The second pressure sensor 1704 is used to measure the pressure at point P2. Figure 17 As shown, the first pressure measurement point 1702 is located at the floor height of channel 1601, and the second pressure measurement point 1706 is located at the ceiling height of channel 1601. The calculator 142 of the exemplary fluid analyzer 138 can determine the pressure difference measurement between the two points 1702 and 1706 using the following equation:

[0133] ∆P=P1-P2(10)

[0134] In some examples, a single differential pressure sensor connected to the first and second pressure measurement points 1702, 1706 can be used to measure the pressure difference between the two points 1702, 1706. Calculator 142 can use the differential pressure measurement with water content and liquid density data to derive the height h of the gas / liquid interface using the following equation:

[0135] h = (P1-P2)(ρ) L *g)(11),

[0136] Where g is the acceleration due to gravity, ρ L This is the density of the liquid phase. Density ρ L The water content can be obtained from the water content determined by the sensor array 1608. For downslope stratified flow, the height h can be used to derive the liquid flow rate by using one or more flow models, such as the Manning model from hydraulic engineering analysis. Figure 17 As shown, the exemplary flow meter 1601 may include other sensors, such as an ultrasonic gas transducer 1708.

[0137] Figure 18 It is along Figure 16 The AA line is cut off Figure 16 A cross-sectional view of an exemplary flow meter 1601, the exemplary flow meter 1601 having a first exemplary channel 1800 (e.g., Figure 16 Channel 1606). Figure 18As shown, the cross-section of channel 1800 is substantially Y-shaped. The first portion 1802 of channel 1800 is rectangular or substantially rectangular in shape (e.g., with a very small offset angle relative to the wall 1804 of channel 1800). The second portion 1806 of channel 1800 has a trapezoidal shape and is offset at an angle β from the wall 1804 of the insert 1602 defining channel 1800. Figure 18 In the example, the sensor array 1608 is mounted along the wall 1804 of the insert 1602 and follows the offset angle of the first and / or second portions 1802, 1806 of the channel 1800. Figure 18 The Y-shaped cross-section of channel 1800 facilitates the stratification of liquid layer 1808 and gas layer 1810. Figure 18 In the example, sensor array 1608 may extend along wall 1804 between first and second portions 1802, 1806 of channel 1800 to capture data along the height of liquid layer 1808.

[0138] Figure 19 It is along Figure 16 The AA line is cut off Figure 16 A cross-sectional view of an exemplary flow meter 1601, the exemplary flow meter 1601 having a second exemplary channel 1900 (e.g., Figure 16 Channel 1606). Figure 19 As shown, Figure 19 Channel 1900 has a T-shaped cross-section. Figure 19 The exemplary channel 1900 has a first portion 1902 with a first width w0, a second portion 1904 with a second width w1 greater than the first width w0, and a third portion 1906 with a third width w3 greater than the first width w0 and the second width w1. For example... Figure 19 As shown, the sensor array 1608 is connected to the wall 1908 of the insert 1602 along the stepped notch 1907 of the channel portions 1902, 1904, and 1906. Figure 19 The T-shaped cross-section of channel 1900 facilitates the stratification of liquid layer 1910 and gas layer 1912. Figure 18 In the example, sensor array 1608 can extend along wall 1908 between the first, second, and third portions 1902, 1904, 1906 of channel 1900 to capture data along the height of liquid layer 1910.

[0139] therefore, Figure 4-19Examples illustrate different modular insert systems for monitoring fluid flow, which can be customized to modulate multiphase fluid flow and obtain different flow characteristics and measurements. The number and type of sensors, as well as the position of the sensors relative to the fluid conduit, can be varied to generate flow characteristic data of the fluid along a flow channel defined by inserts in the fluid conduit. The increased thickness of the fluid phase layer due to flow modulation through the channel improves the measurement of flow parameters along the height of the channel, such as velocity, retention rate, flow rate, WLR, etc., compared to when the phase layer is thinner (e.g., in an example where the fluid conduit does not include inserts). Fluid characteristic data (e.g., WLR; flow rates of the gas, liquid, and oil phases; liquid velocity distribution, water holdup distribution) can be generated for one or more phases of the fluid. The various modular systems discussed herein may include, for example, a WLR meter having one or more impedance arrays; a liquid flow meter including an ultrasonic Doppler array unit; a water and oil flow meter having an impedance sensor array and an ultrasonic Doppler sensor and / or sensor array; a liquid and gas two-phase flow meter having an ultrasonic gas transducer and an ultrasonic Doppler sensor positioned near the gas flow region; and a full three-phase flow meter combining all of the aforementioned various examples.

[0140] Figure 20 Example model 2000 is shown, which can be used to optimize flow meters (e.g., Figure 4-19 The channels of flow meters 401, 901, 1001, 1201, 1401, and 1601 (e.g., Figure 4-19 The design of channels 428, 704, 1006, 1206, 1406, 1406, 1606, 1800, and 1900 is intended to regulate fluid flow to achieve a specific liquid layer thickness for a given range of fluid properties (e.g., density, viscosity, etc.) and flow rate and gas volume fraction. Channel design parameters may include the flow meter's fluid conduit (e.g., Figure 4 The diameter and length of fluid conduits (403, 700, 903, 1003, 1203, 1403, 1603) with a diameter of -19mm, the width and height of the channel, and the sidewall deviation angle β (e.g., Figure 4 The sidewall 425 of the insert 402, in an example where the cross-section of the channel has a trapezoidal or V-shape, the minimum width W0 of the channel and a portion of the insert (e.g., Figure 7 and Figure 8 The downslope angle θ of the second part 806 of the middle insert 702.

[0141] exist Figure 20 In the example, model 2000 can be used by fluid analyzer 138 to calculate channels (e.g., based on Manning's equations). Figure 4-19The thickness of the liquid (e.g., water) layer and the liquid phase velocity in channels 428, 704, 1006, 1206, 1406, 1606, 1800, 1900. Figure 20 Model 2000 uses the Manning equation to estimate the thickness and velocity of the liquid flow layer across a range from low Q1 to high Q3. Figure 20 In the example, the channel can have a trapezoidal cross-section with a bottom width of w0, a channel wall angle of β, and a channel downslope angle of θ. Based on these design parameters and the viscous friction of the liquid at a low liquid rate Q1 (characterized by the value of the Manning coefficient n, where n = n1 for water and n = n1 for liquid crude oil), The thickness of the liquid layer can range from h. 1L to h 1H The velocity can vary between low ranges and the liquid velocity can range from v 1L to v 1H The thickness varies within a low range, depending on the viscosity of the liquid. Using the same design parameters W0, β, and θ, at high liquid rates Q3, the thickness can vary from h... 3L to h 3H The liquid velocity can vary within a high range. v 3L and v 3H The velocity varies within a high range between n1 and n2. As the friction coefficient increases from n1 to n2, the liquid layer thickness increases, and the velocity decreases. The Manning equation assumes that the gas is not flowing (e.g., zero gas velocity). Therefore, Figure 20 The dashed line 2002 in the example represents the effect of airflow (e.g., resistance) on the liquid layer, which may result in a thinner liquid layer and faster flow.

[0142] As mentioned above Figure 4-19 The disclosed exemplary flow meter may include an insert having a sensor and / or sensor array disposed therein to measure fluid characteristics. Figure 21 This is a top view of an exemplary sensor 2100, which can be used... Figure 4-19 Exemplary flow meters 401, 901, 1001, 1201, 1401, and 1601 are used to measure water holding capacity, or the volume or cross-sectional fraction of a multiphase fluid occupied by water. Figure 22 It is along Figure 21 A cross-sectional view of an example sensor 2100 taken from line 22-22. As disclosed herein, the water holdup value can be used to determine the water cut, or the amount of produced water as part of the total liquid flow rate in a multiphase fluid (e.g., gas, oil, water) produced from an oil well.

[0143] refer to Figure 21Example sensor 2100 includes a magnetic core 2102 having a thickness h and a width W. The magnetic core 2102 may comprise a material with a relative permeability greater than 1 (e.g., μ >> 1), such as nickel-zinc (NiZn) ferrite or iron powder (e.g., a ferromagnetic core). Reference Figure 22 Example magnetic core 2102 is U-shaped. Magnetic core 2102 can have other shapes, such as semi-circular. Figure 22 In the example, the magnetic core 2102 defines a gap 2204 with a width of G. Similarly, as... Figure 22 As shown, the magnetic core 2102 of the example sensor 2100 is positioned close to the insulator 2206. During operation, fluid 2207 flows through the insulator 2206. Therefore, the example sensor 2100 is a non-contact sensor relative to the fluid and the magnetic core 2102. The insulator 2206 may include a hydrophobic material to reduce sensor measurement errors due to a water-wetting film that would otherwise form on the insulator 2206.

[0144] Example sensor 2100 includes a first excitation coil 2208 and a second excitation coil 2210 wound around corresponding portions of a magnetic core 2102. Example sensor 2100 includes a first detection coil 2212 and a second detection coil 2214. The first detection coil 2212 forms a first resonant or LC (inductor-capacitor) circuit with a first capacitor 2213. The second detection coil 2214 forms a second resonant or LC circuit with a second capacitor 2215. Example sensor 2100 may include a ratio Figure 22 The examples shown have additional or fewer excitation coils and / or detection coils.

[0145] exist Figure 22 In the examples, one or more currents applied to the respective excitation coils 2208, 2210 generate magnetic flux in the magnetic core 2102. For example, a first current I2 can be applied to the first excitation coil 2208, and a second current I1 can be applied to the second excitation coil 2210. In some examples, currents I1, I2 can have different frequencies to obtain different measurements regarding oil and water in fluid 2207. Applying current to the excitation coils 2208, 2210 generates a time-varying magnetic field 2216 in the gap 2204. The magnetic field interacts with the fluid 2207 through the insulator 2206, inducing eddy currents and / or displacement currents 2217 in the fluid 2207. Based on the dielectric constant, conductivity, and / or permeability of the fluid 2207, eddy currents and / or displacement currents 2217 are generated in the fluid 2207 according to Faraday's law of induction.

[0146] (10),

[0147] Where J is the induced eddy current, D is the electric displacement field, and μ is the magnetic permeability. It is displacement current. It is magnetic flux. The magnetic vector potential A is used as the main field variable.

[0148] (11),

[0149] Using Maxwell's equations, the problem of the induced field of a sinusoidal excitation source can be expressed as:

[0150] (12),

[0151] in It is the angular frequency of the excitation; and These are the electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of the fluid, respectively; and It is the source current density. Figure 22 In the middle, source current density The parameters can be determined by the driving currents I1 and / or I2, the conductor cross-sections of coils 2208 and 2210, and the number of turns of coils 2208 and 2210. Given the geometry, excitation amplitude, and boundary conditions, differential equation 12 can be solved to provide the parameters of interest. and With measurable variables , The correlation between them.

[0152] Based on Lenz's law, the induced current in fluid 2207 generates a secondary magnetic field. The secondary magnetic field generated by eddy currents and / or displacement currents in fluid 2207 causes a change in the net magnetic flux in the magnetic core 2102 of sensor 2100. These changes translate into changes in the impedance of excitation coils 2208, 2210 and detection coils 2212, 2214, which can be measured by corresponding resonant circuits formed between the first detection coil 2212 and the first capacitor 2213, and between the second detection coil 2214 and the second capacitor 2215. For example, in the case of eddy currents, the secondary magnetic field causes a decrease in the original inductance of excitation coils 2208, 2210 and an increase in coil resistance. Therefore, by measuring, for example, the impedance L of the first excitation coil 2208... 2s Or the impedance L of the first detection coil 2212 1r (For example, the voltage V and current i via the first detection coil 2212 or the shift in the resonant frequency of the LC circuit including the first detection coil 2212) can be used, for example... Figure 4 Example fluid analyzer 138 is used to determine the conductivity and dielectric constant properties of fluid 2207. and The water holding capacity value can be obtained from the calculator 142 of the fluid analyzer 138. and The values ​​are derived using, for example, a hybrid model.

[0153] As described above, sensor 2100 can achieve different frequency ranges to measure the properties of multiphase fluids including oil and water. For example, a low-frequency range (e.g., 10 kHz to 4 MHz) can be used for continuous water flow measurements, while a higher frequency range (e.g., 5 MHz to 100 MHz) can be used for measuring continuous oil flow. The ability of the example sensor 2100 to measure the properties (e.g., water holdup) of fluid 2207 overcomes the drawbacks associated with using a single frequency to handle variables or properties of continuous water flow (e.g., salinity) and continuous oil flow.

[0154] In some examples, a first excitation coil 2208 is connected to a first current source 2222, and a second excitation coil 2210 is connected to a second current source 2220. In such examples, each of the first and second current sources 2220, 2222 drives the corresponding first and second excitation coils 2208, 2210.

[0155] In some other examples, one of the first or second excitation coils 2208, 2210 is driven via a first current source 2222 and a second current source 2220. The current sources 2220, 2222 provide currents of different frequencies (e.g., for water flow and oil flow). In some such examples, the first excitation coil 2208 or the second excitation coil 2210 is driven simultaneously or substantially simultaneously (e.g., within milliseconds of each other) via the current sources 2220, 2222. In other such examples, the first excitation coil 2208 or the second excitation coil 2210 is driven sequentially via the current sources 2220, 2222, or driven by one source at a given time.

[0156] As described above, in some examples, each of the first and second detection coils 2212, 2214 forms a corresponding LC resonant circuit with the corresponding first and second capacitors 2213, 2215. In some other examples, the first excitation coil 2208 and / or the second excitation coil 2210 are used as detection coils. In such examples, the inductance of the first and / or second excitation coils 2208, 2210 can be determined by measuring the real and imaginary parts of the voltage across the coils 2208, 2210.

[0157] exist Figure 22 In the example, Figure 21 and 22 The sensitivity of the example sensor 2100 to the properties of the fluid 2207 is typically distributed around the gap 2204. An insulator 2206 separates the end of the magnetic core 2102 from the fluid 2207, thus providing non-contact measurement of the fluid 2207. This is achieved by selecting design parameters such as the width G of the gap 2204, the width W of the magnetic core 2102, and the thickness T of the insulator 2206. wThe sensitivity distribution of sensor 2100 relative to fluid 2207 can be adjusted to provide localized sensitivity or sensitivity extended over a larger area of ​​fluid 2207. Specifically, the distribution of the magnetic field 2216 in fluid 2207 can be controlled by design parameters including the width G of gap 2204, the width W of magnetic core 2102, and the thickness T of insulator 2206. w For example, regarding the thickness T of insulator 2206 w The adjustment defines the sensing area 2218 of sensor 2100, or the sensitivity of sensor 2100 relative to the fluid. For a more weighted sensor sensitivity distribution toward the region near insulator 2206, a sensor with a small thickness T can be used. w The insulator 2206 has a larger thickness T. To distribute the sensor sensitivity more evenly throughout the fluid 2207, an insulator 2206 with a larger thickness T can be used. w The value of insulator 2206. In some examples, G, W, h, and T w A smaller value reduces the sensitivity of sensor 2100, thereby creating a local sensor 2100.

[0158] Figure 23 A first example sensor 2300 is shown, which has a relatively shallow sensing area relative to the fluid 2302 flowing through the sensor 2300, or a sensor in which the sensor's sensitivity decreases by more than 50% at a certain distance (e.g., 5 mm) from the sensor wall into the fluid. The first example sensor 2300 is substantially similar to Figure 21 Example sensor 2100 includes a magnetic core 2304 (e.g., a ferrite core) defining a gap 2306 therein. An insulator 2308 separates the magnetic core 2304 from the fluid 2302. A wire coil 2310 is wound around a portion of the magnetic core 2304. Figure 23 In the example, the magnetic core 2304 has a first width W, and the insulator 2308 has a first thickness T. w .like Figure 23 As shown, a current source is applied to coil 2310 to generate magnetic field 2312, which extends into fluid 2302 and can generate eddy currents in fluid 2302, as described above.

[0159] Figure 24 A second example sensor 2400 is shown, which has a relatively deep sensing region relative to the fluid 2402 flowing through the sensor 2400, or a sensor in which the sensor's sensitivity decreases by less than 50% at a specific distance (e.g., 5 mm) from the sensor wall into the fluid. The second example sensor 2400 is substantially similar to Figure 21Example sensor 2100 includes a magnetic core 2404 defining a gap 2406 therein. An insulator 2408 separates the magnetic core 2404 from the fluid 2402. A wire coil 2410 is wound around a portion of the magnetic core 2404. Figure 24 In the example, the magnetic core 2404 has a second width W, and the insulator 2408 has a second thickness T. w .and Figure 23 Compared to the first sensor 2300, Figure 24 The second width W of the magnetic core 2404 of the second sensor 2400 is greater than Figure 23 The first width W of the magnetic core 2304 of the first sensor 2300. Furthermore, with Figure 23 Compared to the first sensor 2300, Figure 24 The second thickness T of the insulator 2408 of the second sensor 2400 w Less than Figure 23 The first sensor 2300 first thickness T w .and Figure 23 Compared to the first sensor 2300, Figure 24 Differences in the design parameters of the second sensor 2400 affect the extent to which the magnetic field extends into the fluid 2402, thus affecting the sensitivity of the second sensor 2400 in detecting the fluid. For example... Figure 24 As shown, applying a current source to coil 2410 generates a magnetic field 2412 that extends into fluid 2402. (And...) Figure 23 Compared to the magnetic field 2312 associated with the first sensor 2300, and Figure 24 The magnetic field 2412 associated with the second sensor 2400 extends further into the fluid 2402. Therefore, it can be selectively adjusted. Figure 21-24 The sensors 2100, 2300, and 2400 are sensitive to the fluid to achieve an optimal sensitivity distribution in the fluid.

[0160] Figure 21-24 Example sensors 2100, 2300, and 2400 can be implemented in a sensor array to measure non-uniform water distribution in a fluid conduit. (Includes...) Figure 21-24 The sensor arrays of sensors 2100, 2300, and 2400 can be used Figure 4-19 Exemplary flow meters 401, 901, 1401, and 1601 are used for implementation. Data generated by sensors 2100, 2300, and 2400 of the sensor array can be analyzed by the fluid analyzer 138.

[0161] Figure 25 A first example sensor array 2500 is shown, comprising multiple sensors disposed (e.g., embedded) in an insulator 2502. Figure 21-24 Example sensor 2100. In Figure 25In the example, sensor 2100 is positioned at different angular locations within insulator 2502. For example... Figure 25 As shown, the insulator 2502 is annular and defines an aperture 2504 therein. The diameter of the aperture 2504 can be substantially equal to the diameter of the fluid conduit carrying the multiphase fluid 2506, which includes a water layer 2508, an oil layer 2510, and a gas layer 2512. Figure 25 The insulator 2502 of the example sensor array 2500 can be inserted in a straight line with a fluid conduit, for example, between two flanges. As the multiphase fluid 2506 flows through the orifice 2504 of the insulator 2502, each sensor 2100 measures the water holding capacity at a circumferential location of the sensor 2100. Figure 25 In the example, the water holding capacity values ​​measured by sensor 2100 at different circumferential positions can be combined to determine the total water holding capacity value of fluid 2506, as described herein.

[0162] Figure 26 A second example sensor array 2600 is shown, comprising multiple [sensor arrays] disposed in one or more linear arrays 2602. Figure 21-24 Example sensor 2100. In Figure 26 In one example, the linear array 2602 measures the water distribution along the height (e.g., in the vertical direction) of a rectangular fluid conduit. The sensor 2100 of the linear array 2602 is disposed (e.g., embedded) in an insulator 2604, which defines a flow channel 2606 for a multiphase fluid 2608, comprising a water layer 2610, an oil layer 2612, and a gas layer 2614. In some examples, the sensor array 2600 includes two insulators 2604 spaced apart to define the flow channel 2606. Figure 26 In one example, two linear arrays 2602 can be positioned on opposite sides of the flow channel 2606 to increase the spatial resolution of the water holding capacity measurement determined by the data generated by the sensor 2100 of the linear array 2602. In some examples, the sensor 2100 ( Figure 21 The thickness h of the magnetic core 2102 can be defined along the line. Figure 26 The spatial resolution of water distribution measured at the vertical height of the flow channel 2606. In some examples, to minimize crosstalk between linear arrays 2602 positioned on opposite sides of the flow channel 2606, the electromagnetic core of each sensor 2100 can be shielded with a magnetic (e.g., ferrite) shield 2616, such as... Figure 26 As shown.

[0163] Figure 27Another example sensor array 2700 is shown, including a first linear array 2702 with a plurality of sensors 2704 and a second linear array 2706 with a plurality of sensors 2708. The sensors 2704 and 2708 of the first and second linear arrays 2702 and 2706 are substantially the same as those of the first linear arrays 2702 and 2706. Figure 21-26 The sensor 2100 is identical. Sensors 2704 and 2708 of the first and second linear arrays 2702 and 2706 are disposed (e.g., embedded) in an insulator 2710, which defines a flow channel 2712 for a multiphase fluid 2714, comprising a water layer 2716, an oil layer 2718, and a gas layer 2720. Figure 27 In the example, linear arrays 2702 and 2706 are positioned on opposite sides of the flow channel 2712. Sensors 2704 and 2708 of each linear array 2702 and 2706 can be used to measure the flux through the flow channel 2712.

[0164] Figure 28 It is along Figure 27 The 28-28 line is taken from Figure 27 A cross-sectional view of an example sensor array 2700. Specifically, Figure 28 A first sensor 2704 of a first linear array 2702 and a second sensor 2708 of a second linear array 2706 are shown disposed on opposite sides of a flow channel 2712. The first example sensor 2704 of the first linear array 2702 includes a first excitation coil 2800, a second excitation coil 2802, a first detection coil 2804, and a second detection coil 2806 wound around a magnetic core 2808. The magnetic core 2808 may include, for example, ferrite. The magnetic core 2808 of the first sensor 2704 defines a gap 2809. The first example sensor 2704 includes a magnetic shield 2810.

[0165] Figure 27 and 28 The second example sensor 2708 of the second linear array 2706 includes a first detection coil 2812 and a second detection coil 2814 wound around a magnetic core 2816. The magnetic core 2816 of the second sensor 2708 defines a gap 2817. A current or voltage source is applied to the excitation coils 2800, 2802 of the first sensor 2704. In some examples, the first and second detection coils 2804, 2806 of the first example sensor 2704 are used to measure magnetic flux, essentially as described above. Figure 21 and 22As disclosed. In other examples, the first sensor 2704 of the first linear array 2702 and the second sensor 2708 of the second linear array 2706 form a magnetic circuit loop across the flow channel 2712. In such examples, detection coils 2812, 2814 can be used to measure the flux on the flow channel 2712. Therefore, Figure 27 and 28 The example sensor array 2700 provides different sensor arrangements and devices for measuring magnetic flux across the flow channel 2712.

[0166] Figure 29 This is a flowchart of an example method 2900 for manufacturing a flow meter that can be used, for example, to measure fluid flowing through a horizontally oriented or downwardly inclined fluid conduit. Figure 29 Example method 2900 includes coupling one or more sensors to one or more sensor supports (box 2902). For example, Figure 1-3 Sensors 134, 226, and 326 are connected to Figure 1-3 The board sizes are 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 212, 214, 226, 218, 220, 312, 314, 316, 318, and 320. As another example, Figure 4-19 The sensors and / or sensor arrays 436, 810, 904, 906, 908, 910, 1008, 1208, 1210, 1408, 1410, 1608, 2100, 2600, 2602, 2700, 2704, and 2708 of models 21-28 are connected to... Figure 4-18 The insert parts are 402, 420, 422, 702, 902, 1002, 1004, 1005, 1202, 1205, 1204, 1402, 1405, 1404, and 1602.

[0167] Figure 29 Example method 2900 includes defining a fluid flow path for a multiphase fluid via a sensor support (box 2904). For example, Figure 1-3 Plates 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 212, 214, 226, 218, 220, 312, 314, 316, 318, and 320 can be spaced apart to allow fluid to flow between the plates and through sensors 134, 226, and 326 connected to the plates. As another example, Figure 4-19Inserts 402, 420, 422, 702, 902, 1002, 1004, 1005, 1202, 1205, 1204, 1402, 1405, 1404, and 1602 can define flow channels or holes through which fluid flows 428, 704, 1006, 1206, 1406, 1606, 1800, 1900, 2504, 2606, and 2712. In some examples, one or more portions of insert portions 402, 420, 422, 702, 902, 1002, 1004, 1005, 1202, 1205, 1204, 1402, 1405, 1404, 1602 include inclined walls 434 to facilitate the flow of multiphase fluids and the separation of fluid layers through flow channels 428, 704, 1006, 1206, 1406, 1606, 1800, 1900, 2504, 2606, 2712.

[0168] Figure 29 Example method 2900 includes connecting a sensor support to a fluid conduit (box 2906) of a flow meter. For example, Figure 1-3 At least a portion and / or of boards 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 212, 214, 226, 218, 220, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320 Figure 4-19 At least a portion of the insert portion 402, 420, 422, 702, 902, 1002, 1004, 1005, 1202, 1205, 1204, 1402, 1405, 1404, 1602 can be connected to Figure 1 -19 flow meters 101, 201, 301, 401, 901, 1001, 1201, 1401, 1601; fluid conduits 102, 202, 302, 403, 700, 903, 1003, 1203, 1403, 1603; flanges 130, 132, 410, 412, 802, 1504, 1506. Figure 1-3 At least a portion of plates 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 212, 214, 226, 218, 220, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320 and / or insertion portions 402, 420, 422, 702, 902, 1002, 1004, 1005, 1202, 1205, 1204, 1402, 1405, 1404, 1602 can be coupled to other surfaces of the fluid conduit and / or to supports (e.g., shelves) disposed within the fluid conduit. As a result, the sensor support, and thus the sensor coupled thereto, is disposed within the fluid conduit for integration with the fluid flow path.

[0169] Figure 30This is a flowchart of an example method 3000 for installing a flow meter on a pipe. Example method 3000 includes connecting a flow meter to a pipe to allow fluid to flow through the flow meter (block 3002). For example, Figure 1-19 Flow meters 101, 201, 301, 401, 901, 1001, 1201, 1401, and 1601 are connected via... Figure 1-19 The flow conduits 102, 201, 301, 401, 901, 1001, 1201, 1401, and 1603 of the flow meters 102, 201, 301, 401, 901, 1001, 1201, 1403, and 1603 have flanges 130, 132, 410, 412, 802, 1504, and 1506 connected to pipes 103 and 414. The flanges 130, 132, 410, 412, 802, 1504, and 1506 of fluid conduits 102, 202, 302, 403, 700, 903, 1003, 1203, 1403, and 1603 include openings 606 defined therein for alignment with inlets 404 and outlets 406 of fluid conduits 102, 202, 302, 403, 700, 903, 1003, 1203, 1403, and 1603, as well as conduits 103 / 414.

[0170] Figure 30 Example method 3000 includes communicating a flow meter to a telemetry system (block 3004). For example, Figure 1-19 The flow meter sensors and / or sensor arrays 134, 226, 326, 436, 810, 904, 906, 908, 910, 1008, 1208, 1210, 1408, 1410, 1608, 1700, 2200, 2202, 2300, 2304, and 2308 in 21-28 can be communicatively coupled to one or more processors implementing the example fluid analyzer 138. This communication coupling can be based on one or more wired or wireless communication protocols. Figure 1-19 The flow meters 101, 201, 301, 401, 901, 1001, 1201, 1401, and 1601 may include electronic components, such as circuits 440, 604, and 912, to facilitate communication connections. The processor can be installed downhole or on the surface.

[0171] Figure 31 This is a flowchart of example method 3100, which is used to determine one or more properties of a multiphase fluid based on data generated by a sensor of a flowmeter, such as... Figure 1-19 Horizontal flow meters 101, 201, 301, 401, 901, 1001, 1201, 1401, 1601. Figure 31 The exemplary method 3100 can be provided by Figure 1-4The exemplary fluid analyzer 138 is implemented as shown in 1, 9, 10, 12, 14, and 16.

[0172] Figure 31 Example method 3100 includes accessing sensor data generated by the flow meter's sensor during fluid flow through the flow meter (box 3102). For example, in multiphase fluids 104, 204, 304, 2207, 2302, 2402, 2506, 2608, 2714 flowing through... Figure 1-19 During the flow of flow meters 101, 201, 301, 401, 901, 1001, 1201, 1401, and 1601, and their fluid conduits 102, 202, 302, 403, 700, 903, 1003, 1203, and 1403 / 1603, fluid analyzer 138 can access the fluid conduits 102, 202, 302, 403, 700, 903, 1003, 1203, and 1403 / 1603. Figure 1 The sensors and / or sensor arrays 134, 226, 326, 436, 810, 904, 906, 908, 910, 1008, 1208, 1210, 1408, 1410, 1608, 2100, 2600, 2602, 2700, 2704, 2708 in –19 and 21–28. Sensor data can be transmitted to the fluid analyzer 138 via one or more wired or wireless communication protocols. In some examples, sensor data includes pressure and / or temperature generated by sensors 136, 228, 232, 234, 333, 610, 1700, 1704, and gas and / or liquid velocity data generated by flowmeter sensors 116, 118, 134, 328, 330, 610, 1010, 1210, 1410, 1412 (e.g., ultrasonic sensors). Sensor data can be stored in database 140 of fluid analyzer 138.

[0173] Figure 31 Example method 3100 includes analyzing sensor data relative to changes in impedance, differential pressure, and / or ultrasonic signals (box 3104). For example, the calculator 142 of the fluid analyzer 138 can analyze indicators relative to... Figure 1-3 Board sizes: 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 212, 214, 226, 218, 220, 312, 314, 316, 318, 320. Figure 6-19 Sensor arrays 600, 904, 908, 1008, 1208, 1408, 1608 and / or Figure 21-28Sensor data on the changes in the resistivity (e.g., capacitance, conductance) of the wire coils 2208, 2210, 2212, 2214, 2800, 2802, 2804, 2806, 2812, and 2814. As another example, calculator 142 can use pressure sensors 1702 and 1704 located at the ceiling and floor of flow channel 1606 to determine... Figure 16-19 The pressure difference measurement between two points in the flow channel 1606. As another example, the calculator 142 can analyze the pressure difference measured by... Figure 15 Data generated by ultrasonic gas transducers 1502 and 1708 of type 17.

[0174] Figure 31 Example method 3100 includes analysis based on sensor data to determine one or more properties of a multiphase fluid (block 3106). For example, calculator 142 of fluid analyzer 138 can determine fluid properties such as the height of the liquid flow layer, water holdup value, liquid holdup value, and / or water / liquid ratio of the multiphase fluid. Calculator 142 of fluid analyzer 138 can determine the volumetric flow rate of gas, liquid, water, and / or oil based on impedance sensor data and flow data. Example communicator 144 of fluid analyzer 138 can output fluid property data for presentation in one or more formats (e.g., text, graphics).

[0175] Figure 31 Example method 3100 includes determining whether analysis of the fluid flowing through the flow meter should continue (box 3108). If analysis of the fluid flowing through the flow meter is to continue, example method 3100 continues to access sensor data to analyze the flow rate. When it is decided to terminate the analysis of the fluid flowing through the flow meter (e.g., based on predefined rules or user input), example method 3100 terminates (box 3110).

[0176] Figure 32 A flowchart of another example method 3200 is shown, which is used for flow meter-based (e.g.) Figure 1-19 Data generated by the sensors of flow meters (101, 201, 301, 401, 901, 1001, 1201, 1401, 1601) is used to determine one or more properties of multiphase fluids. Specifically, Figure 32 Method 3200 shows Figure 31 An example implementation of method 3100, which uses sensors including 2100, 2704, and 2708. Figure 25-28 Example sensor arrays 2500, 2600, and 2700 are used to determine the total water holding capacity of the multiphase fluid flowing through the sensor arrays 2500, 2600, and 2700. Figure 32 The exemplary method 3200 can be provided by Figure 1-4The exemplary fluid analyzer 138 is implemented as shown in 1, 9, 10, 12, 14, and 16.

[0177] Figure 32 Example method 3200 includes accessing impedance data generated by sensors in a first sensor array of the flow meter during fluid flow through the flow meter (box 3202). The sensor data can be generated by... Figure 25-28 Sensors 2100, 2704, and 2708 in sensor arrays 2500, 2600, and 2700 generate data. Sensor data is transmitted to fluid analyzer 138 via one or more wired or wireless communication protocols and stored in database 140. Figure 32 In the example, sensor data indicates impedance changes measured at electrically excited and / or detected coils 2208, 2210, 2212, 2214, 2800, 2802, 2804, 2806, 2812, 2814 around the magnetic cores 2102, 2808 wound around sensors 2100, 2704, 2708. Impedance data may include electrical measurements such as voltage, current, resonance, and / or complex impedance. Sensors 2100, 2704, 2708 generate data in response to voltage or current sources applied to sensor arrays 2500, 2600, 2700 by measuring the impedance values ​​of the excited or detected coils.

[0178] Figure 32 Example method 3200 includes generating a liquid property distribution of the fluid, such as a conductivity or dielectric constant distribution (box 3204). For example, calculator 142 is relative to a sensor array 2500, 2600, 2700. Figure 26 and 27 The vertical depth of the flow channels 2606 and 2712 generates the conductivity or dielectric constant distribution of the fluid. The calculator 142 can generate the liquid property distribution based on impedance data and the position of the sensors 2100, 2704, and 2708 of the sensor array along the flow channels.

[0179] Figure 28 Example method 3200 includes generating a water-holding capacity distribution from a liquid property distribution (box 3206). For example, calculator 142 may generate the water-holding capacity distribution based on a liquid property distribution (e.g., conductivity or dielectric constant) and one or more mixing models or rules (e.g., Bruggeman mixing model).

[0180] Figure 32Example method 3200 includes using a forward model to verify the accuracy of the fluid's water-holding capacity distribution (box 3208). For example, calculator 142 uses the estimated water-holding capacity distribution as input to a forward model (e.g., a numerical Maxwell's equations solver). Calculator 142 uses the forward model to generate the fluid's excitation or expected sensor array output data distribution (e.g., electrical impedance data).

[0181] Figure 32 Example method 3200 includes comparing a expected sensor data distribution with an actual sensor data distribution (e.g., impedance data) relative to a predetermined error threshold (box 3210), and determining whether the actual sensor data distribution meets the error threshold (box 3212). Figure 32 In the example, if the actual sensor data distribution does not meet the error threshold, example method 3200 includes modifying the estimated water holding capacity distribution (box 3214). For example, calculator 142 adjusts the estimated water holding capacity distribution based on the error characteristics between the expected and actual sensor data.

[0182] Example method 3200 includes re-validating the modified water holding capacity distribution using a forward model and iteratively adjusting the water holding capacity distribution until the actual water holding capacity distribution meets an error threshold (boxes 3208, 3210, 3212, 3214). For example, calculator 142 continues to modify the water holding capacity distribution until it meets an error threshold, which indicates the minimum error between the expected water holding capacity value and the actual water holding capacity value.

[0183] Example method 3200 includes combining a validated water-holding capacity distribution with a water-holding capacity distribution generated based on sensor data from other sensor arrays of the flowmeter to determine the total water-holding capacity of the multiphase fluid flowing in the flowmeter (box 3216). For example, calculator 142 can perform spatial integration to integrate the water-holding capacity distribution. Thus, data generated from two or more sensor arrays of the flowmeter can be integrated to provide a comprehensive analysis of the fluid.

[0184] exist Figure 32 In the example, if the goal is to determine the water content value or the ratio of water flow rate to total liquid flow rate (box 3218), example method 3200 includes combining the integral water holdup distribution curve with the fluid velocity distribution curve to determine the water content value (box 3220). Calculator 142 may generate the velocity distribution curve based on actual flow data (e.g., sensor data) or based on a fluid model that provides a theoretical velocity distribution.

[0185] Figure 31 and 32 The flowchart represents the process used to implement Figure 1-4The fluid analyzer 138 of 1, 9, 10, 12, and 14 is an example of hardware logic, machine-readable instructions, a hardware-implemented state machine, and / or any combination thereof. Machine-readable instructions may be an executable program or part of an executable program that is executed by a computer processor, such as the one described below. Figure 33 The processor 3312 shown in the example processor platform 3300 discussed here. The program can be implemented using software stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, such as a CD-ROM, floppy disk, hard disk drive, DVD, Blu-ray disc, or memory associated with the processor 3312; however, the entire program and / or portions thereof can alternatively be executed by a device other than the processor 3312 and / or implemented using firmware or dedicated hardware. Furthermore, although references... Figure 31 and 32 The flowcharts shown illustrate an exemplary procedure, but many other methods for implementing the exemplary fluid analyzer 138 can be used alternatively. For example, the execution order of the blocks can be changed, and / or some of the blocks described can be changed, deleted, or combined. Additionally or alternatively, any or all blocks can be implemented by one or more hardware circuits (e.g., discrete and / or integrated analog and / or digital circuits, FPGAs, ASICs, comparators, operational amplifiers (op-amps), logic circuits, etc.) configured to perform the corresponding operations without executing software or firmware.

[0186] As mentioned above, Figure 31 and 32 The example process can be implemented using executable instructions (e.g., computer and / or machine-readable instructions) stored on a non-transitory computer and / or machine-readable medium such as a hard disk drive, flash memory, read-only memory, optical disk, digital multifunction disk, cache, random access memory, and / or any other storage device or disk in which information is stored for any duration (e.g., extended time period, permanent, transient, temporary buffered, and / or cached information). As used herein, the term non-transitory computer-readable medium is explicitly defined to include any type of computer-readable storage device and / or disk, and excludes propagation signals and transmission media.

[0187] Although Figure 1-4 Example implementations of the fluid analyzer 138 are shown in 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, but... Figure 1-4 One or more elements, processes, and / or devices shown in 9, 10, 12, 14, and 16 may be combined, divided, rearranged, omitted, eliminated, and / or implemented in any other way. Furthermore, Figure 1-4The exemplary database 140, exemplary calculator 142, exemplary communicator 144, and / or more generally, the exemplary fluid analyzer 138 can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware, and / or any combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware. Therefore, for example, any one of the exemplary database 140, exemplary calculator 142, exemplary communicator 144, and / or more generally, exemplary fluid analyzer 138 can be implemented by one or more analog or digital circuits, logic circuits, programmable processors, programmable controllers, graphics processing units (GPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), and / or field-programmable logic devices (FPLDs). When reading any of the device or system claims of this patent to cover purely software and / or firmware implementations, at least one of the exemplary database 140, exemplary calculator 142, and / or exemplary communicator 144 is hereby explicitly defined as including a non-transitory computer-readable storage device or storage disk, such as a memory, digital versatile disc (DVD), optical disc (CD), Blu-ray disc, etc., which includes software and / or firmware. Furthermore, Figure 1-4 The exemplary fluid analyzer 138 of 1, 9, 10, 12, 14, and 16 may include one or more components, processes, and / or devices, as... Figure 1-4 The elements, processes, and / or devices shown in 1, 9, 10, 12, 14, and 16 may be supplemented or substituted for, and / or may include more than one of any or all of the elements, processes, and devices shown. As used herein, the phrase “communication” includes its variations, encompassing direct and / or indirect communication through one or more intermediate components, and does not require direct physical (e.g., wired) communication and / or continuous communication, but additionally includes selective communication at periodic intervals, predetermined intervals, non-periodic intervals, and / or one-off events.

[0188] Figure 33 This is a block diagram of an example processor platform 3300, which is configured to execute instructions to implement... Figure 31 The method of 32 and / or 32 is used to implement the fluid analyzer 138. The processor platform 3300 can be, for example, a server, personal computer, workstation, self-learning machine (e.g., neural network), mobile device (e.g., cellular phone, smartphone, such as iPad). TM Tablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), internet devices, or any other type of computing device.

[0189] The processor platform 3300 shown in the example includes a processor 3312. The processor 3312 shown in the example is hardware. For example, the processor 3312 can be implemented by one or more integrated circuits, logic circuits, microprocessors, GPUs, DSPs, or controllers from any desired family or manufacturer. The hardware processor can be a semiconductor-based (e.g., silicon-based) device. In this example, the processor implements an example calculator 142 and an example communicator 144.

[0190] The processor 3312 of the illustrated example includes local memory 3313 (e.g., cache). The processor 3312 of the illustrated example communicates via bus 3318 with main memory, which includes volatile memory 3314 and non-volatile memory 3316. Volatile memory 3314 may be implemented using synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), RAMBUS® dynamic random access memory (RDRAM®), and / or any other type of random access memory device. Non-volatile memory 3316 may be implemented using flash memory and / or any other desired type of storage device. Access to main memory 3314, 3316 is controlled by a memory controller.

[0191] The processor platform 3300 shown in the example also includes interface circuitry 3320. Interface circuitry 3320 can be implemented using any type of interface standard, such as an Ethernet interface, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, a Bluetooth® interface, a Near Field Communication (NFC) interface, and / or a PCI Fast interface.

[0192] In the example shown, one or more input devices 3322 are connected to interface circuitry 3320. Input devices 3322 allow a user to input data and / or commands to processor 3312. Input devices may be implemented as, for example, audio sensors, microphones, cameras (still or video), keyboards, buttons, mice, touchscreens, trackpads, trackballs, isotopes, and / or voice recognition systems.

[0193] One or more output devices 3324 are also connected to the interface circuitry 3320 of the illustrated example. The output devices 3324 may be implemented, for example, by display devices (e.g., light-emitting diodes (LEDs), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), liquid crystal displays (LCDs), cathode ray tube displays (CRTs), in-situ switching (IPS) displays, touchscreens, etc.), haptic output devices, printers, and / or speakers. Therefore, the interface circuitry 3320 of the illustrated example typically includes a graphics driver card, a graphics driver chip, and / or a graphics driver processor.

[0194] The interface circuit 3320 of the example shown also includes communication devices such as a transmitter, receiver, transceiver, modem, residential gateway, wireless access point, and / or network interface to facilitate the exchange of data with external machines (e.g., any kind of computing device) via network 3326. This communication can be via, for example, an Ethernet connection, a Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) connection, a telephone line connection, a coaxial cable system, a satellite system, a field wireless system, a cellular telephone system, etc.

[0195] The processor platform 3300 shown in the example also includes one or more mass storage devices 3328 for storing software and / or data. Examples of such mass storage devices 3328 include floppy disk drives, hard disk drives, optical disk drives, Blu-ray disc drives, redundant array of independent disks (RAID) systems, and digital multifunction optical disc (DVD) drives.

[0196] Figure 33 The encoded instructions 3332 can be stored on a mass storage device 3328, a volatile memory 3314, a non-volatile memory 3316 and / or a removable non-transitory computer-readable storage medium such as a CD or DVD.

[0197] As can be understood from the foregoing, the apparatuses, systems, and methods disclosed above provide for the analysis of multiphase fluids flowing through horizontally oriented or downwardly sloping conduits. The exemplary flow meters disclosed herein are integrated with or aligned with the horizontal or downward-sloping flow path of the fluid. Some exemplary flow meters disclosed herein include devices (e.g., plates, inserts) for regulating fluid flow, which alter the cross-sectional shape of the flow to facilitate the stratification of multiphase fluid layers and the detection of characteristics of the fluid flow phases by sensors of the flow meter. Some examples disclosed herein include non-contact sensors for detecting the effect of magnetic fields on the fluid. Data generated by sensors of the exemplary horizontal or downward-sloping flow meters disclosed herein can be used to determine fluid characteristics, such as water / liquid ratio, liquid holdup, and water holdup, without changing the direction of the horizontal or downward-sloping flow of the fluid to vertical flow.

[0198] The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to better understand various aspects of this disclosure. Those skilled in the art should understand that they can readily use this disclosure as the basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures to achieve the same purposes or benefits as the embodiments described herein. Those skilled in the art should also recognize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of this disclosure, and that various changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure.

[0199] "Comprising" and "including" (and all their forms and tenses) are used herein as open-ended terms. Therefore, whenever a claim uses any form of "comprising" or "including" (e.g., comprising, including, comprising, including, having, etc.) in a preamble or in any kind of claim statement, it should be understood that additional elements, terms, etc., do not fall outside the scope of the corresponding claim or statement. As used herein, the phrase "at least" is open-ended when used as a transitional term in the preamble of an example claim, in the same way that the terms "comprising" and "including" are open-ended. When used in the form of, for example, A, B, and / or C, the term "and / or" refers to any combination or subset of A, B, C, such as (1) A alone, (2) B alone, (3) C alone, (4) A and B, (5) A and C, (6) B and C, and (7) A and B and C.

[0200] An example device includes a fluid conduit coupled to a pipe. A multiphase fluid will flow from the pipe into the fluid conduit. The example device includes a flow channel defined within the fluid conduit. Fluid will flow through the flow channel. The cross-sectional shape of the flow channel differs from the cross-sectional shape of the pipe. The example device includes one or more sensors coupled to the flow channel to generate data indicative of the properties of the multiphase fluid.

[0201] In some examples, the cross-sectional shape of the flow channel is trapezoidal.

[0202] In some examples, a fluid conduit defines a chamber. The first end of the flow channel communicates with the chamber.

[0203] In some examples, the flow channel is defined by an insert comprising a first insert and a second insert spaced apart from the first insert. In some such examples, the insert is separately coupled to a fluid conduit. In other such examples, the insert is integrally formed with the fluid conduit.

[0204] In some examples, the sensor is a first sensor, and the device also includes a second sensor coupled to the outside of the fluid conduit.

[0205] In some examples, the diameter of the fluid conduit is larger than the diameter of the pipe.

[0206] In some examples, the fluid conduit is positioned in a generally horizontal orientation or a downwardly sloping orientation.

[0207] In some examples, the sensors are housed in a sensor array. The sensor array extends along the vertical height of the insert.

[0208] Another example device includes a fluid conduit and a device for regulating the flow of a multiphase fluid through the fluid conduit. The regulating device is disposed within the fluid conduit. This example device includes a sensor coupled to the regulating device. The sensor generates sensor data during the flow of the multiphase fluid through the fluid conduit. This example device includes a processor. The sensor is communicatively coupled to the processor. The processor determines the characteristics of the multiphase fluid based on the sensor data.

[0209] In some examples, the device for regulating flow includes a plate arranged along the longitudinal axis of the fluid conduit.

[0210] In a first board and a first sensor, and also including a second board with a second sensor connected thereto, the processor measures the impedance between the first board and the second board based on data from the first sensor and the second sensor.

[0211] In some examples, the board includes multiple sensors connected to it. The processor is used to measure the impedance between corresponding sensors among the multiple sensors connected to the board.

[0212] In some examples, the device for regulating flow includes an insert that defines a flow path for the multiphase fluid.

[0213] In some examples, the properties of a multiphase fluid are one of water holdup, liquid holdup, or liquid velocity.

[0214] Another example device includes a fluid conduit and a channel defined within the fluid conduit. The channel provides a flow path for a multiphase fluid. The example device includes a sensor to generate sensor data as the multiphase fluid flows through the channel. This example device includes a processor. The sensor is communicatively coupled to the processor. The processor determines the characteristics of the multiphase fluid based on the sensor data.

[0215] In some examples, the channel is defined by an insert disposed within a fluid conduit. In some such examples, the sensor is a first sensor coupled to a first portion of the insert, and the device also includes a second sensor coupled to a second portion of the insert. The second sensor is disposed opposite the first sensor relative to the channel.

[0216] In some examples, the sensor includes a magnetic circuit. In some such examples, the magnetic circuit includes a first coil, and applying current or voltage to the first coil is to generate a magnetic or electric field in the multiphase fluid. In some such examples, the processor determines the conductivity or dielectric constant of the multiphase fluid based on sensor data indicating impedance changes at the first coil and at the second coil. In some such examples, the first coil is an excitation coil, and the second coil is a detection coil.

[0217] In some examples, the sensor includes one or more metal electrodes.

[0218] In some examples, the processor determines the water holding capacity value based on sensor data and verifies the water holding capacity value based on a forward model.

[0219] An example method includes determining a change in impedance based on first sensor data of fluid flowing through a flow meter, the first sensor data being generated by a first sensor array of the flow meter, by executing instructions with a processor; generating a first water-holding capacity distribution of the fluid based on the sensor data, by executing instructions with the processor; integrating the first water-holding capacity distribution with a second water-holding capacity distribution to generate an integrated water-holding capacity distribution, the second water-holding capacity distribution being generated based on second sensor data of the fluid, the second sensor data being generated by a second sensor array of the flow meter, by executing instructions with the processor; and determining a water content value of the fluid based on the integrated water-holding capacity distribution, by executing instructions with the processor.

[0220] In some examples, the method includes generating a liquid property distribution of the fluid based on first sensor data, wherein the generation of the first water-holding capacity distribution is based on the liquid property distribution.

[0221] In some examples, the method includes the distribution of liquid properties, including the dielectric constant distribution of the fluid.

[0222] In some examples, the method includes generating stimulated sensor data based on a first water-holding capacity distribution; performing a comparison between the first sensor data and the stimulated sensor data; and adjusting the first water-holding capacity distribution based on the comparison.

[0223] In some examples, the water content value is determined based on fluid velocity data.

[0224] Although the foregoing description has been described herein with reference to specific devices, materials and embodiments, it is not intended to limit itself to the details disclosed herein; rather, it extends to all functionally equivalent structures, methods and uses, for example, within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid, comprising: A fluid conduit connected to a pipe, from which multiphase fluid flows; A flow channel defined in a fluid conduit through which fluid flows, the flow channel having a cross-sectional shape different from that of the conduit; and One or more sensors are coupled to the flow channel to generate data indicating the properties of the multiphase fluid. The sensor mentioned above includes: - A magnetic core comprising a material having a relative permeability greater than 1, having a U-shaped or semi-circular shape, and defining a gap of a certain width. The magnetic core is disposed close to an insulator, and the insulator separates the ends of the magnetic core from a multiphase fluid intended to flow through the insulator. Adjustment of the thickness of the insulator defines the sensing area of ​​the sensor or the sensitivity of the sensor relative to the fluid. - The first coil, to which current or voltage is applied, is to generate a magnetic field in the magnetic core and to generate a magnetic field and / or electric field in the multiphase fluid.

2. The apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 1, wherein the fluid conduit defines a chamber therein, and a first end of the flow passage communicates with the chamber.

3. The apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 1, wherein the flow channel is defined by an insert comprising a first insert portion and a second insert portion spaced apart from the first insert portion.

4. The apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 3, wherein the insert is separately connected to the fluid conduit.

5. The apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 3, wherein the insert is integrally formed with the fluid conduit.

6. The apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 1, wherein the sensor is a first sensor, and further comprises a second sensor coupled to the outside of the fluid conduit.

7. The apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 1, wherein the fluid conduit is arranged in a substantially horizontal orientation or a downwardly inclined orientation.

8. The apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 1, wherein the insulator comprises a hydrophobic material to reduce sensor measurement errors due to a water-wetting film.

9. An apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid, comprising: Fluid conduit; Devices for regulating the flow of multiphase fluid through the fluid conduit, wherein the devices for regulating the flow are disposed in the fluid conduit; A sensor is connected to the device used for regulation, which generates sensor data during the flow of multiphase fluid through a fluid conduit; and The processor and sensors are connected to each other, and the processor determines the properties of the multiphase fluid based on the sensor data. The sensor mentioned above includes: - A magnetic core comprising a material having a relative permeability greater than 1, having a U-shaped or semi-circular shape, and defining a gap of a certain width. The magnetic core is disposed close to an insulator, and the insulator separates the ends of the magnetic core from a multiphase fluid intended to flow through the insulator. Adjustment of the thickness of the insulator defines the sensing area of ​​the sensor or the sensitivity of the sensor relative to the fluid. - The first coil, to which current or voltage is applied, is to generate a magnetic field in the magnetic core and to generate a magnetic field and / or electric field in the multiphase fluid.

10. The apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 9, wherein the device for regulating the flow includes an insert that defines a flow path for the multiphase fluid.

11. The apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 9, wherein the property of the multiphase fluid is one of a water holding capacity value, a liquid holding capacity value, or a liquid velocity value.

12. The apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 9, wherein the insulator comprises a hydrophobic material to reduce sensor measurement errors due to a water-wetting film.

13. An apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid, comprising: Fluid conduit; A channel defined within the fluid conduit provides a flow path for the multiphase fluid; Sensors are used to generate sensor data during the flow of multiphase fluid through a channel; and The processor and sensors are connected to each other, and the processor determines the properties of the multiphase fluid based on the sensor data. The sensor mentioned above includes: - A magnetic core comprising a material having a relative permeability greater than 1, having a U-shaped or semi-circular shape, and defining a gap of a certain width. The magnetic core is disposed close to an insulator, and the insulator separates the ends of the magnetic core from a multiphase fluid intended to flow through the insulator. Adjustment of the thickness of the insulator defines the sensing area of ​​the sensor or the sensitivity of the sensor relative to the fluid. - The first coil, to which current or voltage is applied, is to generate a magnetic field in the magnetic core and to generate a magnetic field and / or electric field in the multiphase fluid.

14. The apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 13, wherein the channel is defined by an insert disposed in a fluid conduit.

15. The apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 14, wherein the sensor is a first sensor coupled to a first portion of the insert, and further comprises a second sensor coupled to a second portion of the insert, the second sensor being disposed opposite to the first sensor relative to the channel.

16. The apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 13, wherein the sensor comprises a magnetic circuit.

17. The apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 16, wherein the processor determines the conductivity or dielectric constant of the multiphase fluid based on sensor data indicating impedance changes at a first coil.

18. The apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 13, wherein the processor is configured to: Determining water holding capacity based on sensor data; and The water holding capacity value was verified based on a forward model.

19. The apparatus for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 13, wherein the insulator comprises a hydrophobic material to reduce sensor measurement errors due to a water-wetting film.

20. A method for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid, comprising: The change in impedance is determined by executing instructions with a processor based on first sensor data of the fluid flowing through the flow meter, which is generated by the first sensor array of the flow meter; By executing instructions using a processor, a first water-holding capacity distribution of the fluid is generated based on data from a first sensor. By executing instructions with the processor, the first water holding capacity distribution and the second water holding capacity distribution are integrated to generate an integrated water holding capacity distribution. The second water holding capacity distribution is generated based on the second sensor data of the fluid, which is generated by the second sensor array of the flow meter. and The water content of the fluid is determined by executing instructions using a processor, based on the integral of the water-holding capacity distribution. Each sensor in the first sensor array and the second sensor array includes: - A magnetic core comprising a material having a relative permeability greater than 1, having a U-shaped or semi-circular shape, and defining a gap of a certain width. The magnetic core is disposed close to an insulator, and the insulator separates the ends of the magnetic core from a multiphase fluid intended to flow through the insulator. Adjustment of the thickness of the insulator defines the sensing area of ​​the sensor or the sensitivity of the sensor relative to the fluid. - The first coil, to which current or voltage is applied, is to generate a magnetic field in the magnetic core and to generate a magnetic field and / or electric field in the multiphase fluid.

21. The method for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 20, further comprising: The fluid property distribution is generated based on the data from the first sensor, wherein the generation of the first water holding capacity distribution is based on the fluid property distribution.

22. The method for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 21, wherein the liquid property distribution includes the dielectric constant distribution of the fluid.

23. The method for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 20, further comprising: Stimulated sensor data is generated based on the first water-holding capacity distribution; Perform a comparison between the first sensor data and the stimulated sensor data; and The first water holding capacity distribution is adjusted based on the comparison.

24. The method for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 20, wherein the determination of the water content value is based on fluid velocity data.

25. The method for measuring the properties of a multiphase fluid according to claim 20, wherein the insulator comprises a hydrophobic material to reduce sensor measurement errors due to a water-wetting film.

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