A bridge-head bump monitoring method based on an array displacement meter

Abstract

The application relates to a bridge-head bump monitoring method based on an array displacement meter, which adopts the array displacement meter composed of multiple equal-length measuring units; the method comprises the following steps: each measuring unit independently collects monitoring data, the first section of the measuring unit is a controller unit, the monitoring data are collected into the controller unit, and the controller unit sends the monitoring data to an external communication device; the external communication device sends the monitoring data to a cloud server in real time, the cloud server analyzes the monitoring data in real time through a space data analysis model, and sends early warning information. Compared with the prior art, the application has the advantages of automatic monitoring, instant early warning and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of road engineering, and in particular to a method for monitoring bridge approach slab settlement based on an array of displacement gauges. Background Technology

[0002] Bridge approach slab settlement is a common road defect, severely impacting driving safety and comfort, and significantly jeopardizing bridge performance and lifespan. When there are numerous bridges, traditional manual monitoring methods cannot promptly identify sections with severe bridge approach slab settlement, hindering timely road maintenance and posing significant safety hazards. Currently, there is no real-time, automated method for monitoring bridge approach slab settlement, making timely and effective feedback impossible. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a bridge approach slab settlement monitoring method based on an array displacement meter. The method can realize automatic monitoring and real-time early warning of bridge approach slab settlement.

[0004] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A method for monitoring bridge approach slab settlement based on array displacement gauges is proposed. The method uses array displacement gauges, which consist of multiple equal-length measuring units. Several array displacement gauges are buried in the stratum of the bridge approach road in a Π-shaped distribution. This arrangement can conveniently and efficiently detect longitudinal and lateral uneven settlement of the bridge approach road, laying the foundation for accurate identification of bridge approach slab settlement.

[0006] The specific method of burying the array displacement gauges in a Π-shaped distribution is as follows: one column of array displacement gauges is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the road in each lane, and parallel to the lane lines in the longitudinal direction and parallel to the bridge abutments in the transverse direction of the road. The stratum includes the road surface layer and the road base layer. The array displacement gauges are installed between the road surface layer and the road base layer, and the part buried in the road base layer is larger than the part buried in the road surface layer.

[0007] The method includes the following steps:

[0008] Each measurement unit independently collects monitoring data. The first section of the measurement unit is the control unit. The monitoring data is collected in the control unit, and the control unit sends the monitoring data to the external communication device.

[0009] External communication equipment sends monitoring data to the cloud server in real time. The cloud server analyzes the monitoring data in real time through a spatial data analysis model to obtain the settlement of the bridge abutment subgrade. Based on the settlement of the bridge abutment subgrade, it determines whether bridge approach slab ...

[0010] Furthermore, each measurement unit is equipped with an accelerometer. The monitoring data collected by the measurement unit specifically refers to the position increment along the X, Y, and Z axes in the spatial coordinate system from the beginning to the end of each measurement unit. The expression for the increment is:

[0011]

[0012] Where L is the length of each measurement unit, x i y i z i These represent the position increments of the i-th measurement unit from its start to its end along the X, Y, and Z axes in the spatial coordinate system. Let x and y be the angles between the x and y axes of the accelerometer of the i-th measurement unit and the horizontal plane, respectively. Let be the angle between the Z-axis of the accelerometer of the i-th measurement unit and the direction of gravity.

[0013] Furthermore, the expressions for the angles between the x and Y axes of the accelerometer of the i-th measurement unit and the horizontal plane are:

[0014]

[0015]

[0016] The expression for the angle between the Z-axis of the accelerometer of the i-th measurement unit and the direction of gravity is:

[0017]

[0018] Among them, A Xi A Yi A Zi Let A represent the accelerations of the accelerometer in the X, Y, and Z axes of the i-th measurement unit, respectively, and g be the gravitational acceleration. If the measurement unit is vertically stationary, the gravitational components in the X and Y directions are A. Xi =0g, A Yi =0g, while the gravitational component along the Z-axis is A. zi =g, all angles are calculated as 0.

[0019] Furthermore, through spatial data analysis models, the monitoring data is analyzed in real time, and the specific process of bridge abutment subgrade settlement is obtained as follows:

[0020] Based on the location increment, the spatial coordinates of each measuring point are measured;

[0021] Subtracting the spatial coordinates of each measuring point from its initial spatial coordinates yields the cumulative settlement at each measuring point.

[0022] Furthermore, the expressions for the spatial coordinate values ​​of each measuring point are as follows:

[0023] X n+1 =X n +x i

[0024] Y n+1 =Y n +y i i=n

[0025] Z n+1 =Z n +z i

[0026] Among them, X n+1 Y n+1 Z n+1 These are the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the (n+1)th measurement unit's starting point (i.e., the nth measurement end point) in the spatial coordinate system; X n Y n Z n Let X, Y, and Z be the coordinates of the beginning of the nth measurement unit (i.e., the end of the (n-1)th measurement unit) in the spatial coordinate system, respectively, and let i represent the sequence number of the measurement unit, i satisfying i = n.

[0027] Furthermore, the expression for the cumulative settlement at each measuring point is:

[0028]

[0029]

[0030]

[0031] Where, Δx n Δy n Δz n These represent the positional changes of the end of the nth measurement unit along the X, Y, and Z axes in the spatial coordinate system compared to its initial position, i.e., the settlement of the end of the nth measurement unit along the X, Y, and Z axes in the spatial coordinate system. These are the initial positions of the end of the nth measurement unit on the X, Y, and Z axes in the spatial coordinate system.

[0032] Furthermore, the array displacement gauges are arranged longitudinally along the road in a row of 30m long on each lane, and the array displacement gauges are arranged laterally 2m away from the bridge abutment. The width of the lateral arrangement is the sum of the widths of all lanes, hard shoulders and central median.

[0033] Furthermore, the array displacement gauge is installed inside a 15cm diameter PPR pipe, which is installed in a placement groove located within the road base layer. The groove is 20cm wide and 10cm deep.

[0034] Furthermore, the initial tilt of the array displacement gauge is the same as the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the road at that location.

[0035] Furthermore, the data lines corresponding to each array displacement gauge are led out from the top surface of the road base layer and connected to external communication equipment.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] (1) This invention embeds array-type displacement gauges in the bridge approach road. The array arrangement can conveniently and efficiently detect the longitudinal and lateral uneven settlement of the bridge approach road, laying the foundation for the accurate identification of bridge approach bumps, automatically monitoring the settlement data of the bridge approach road, and realizing the real-time online transmission of the settlement monitoring data of the bridge approach road.

[0038] (2) The present invention sets up a spatial data analysis model to determine whether bridge approach slab ... Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a plan view of the array displacement gauge of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is a spatial arrangement diagram of the array displacement meter of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the road hierarchy structure of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the communication device connection lines of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the spatial data parsing principle of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the spatial deformation of the array displacement meter of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. These embodiments are based on the technical solution of the present invention and provide detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0047] This invention proposes a method for monitoring bridge approach slab slabs based on an array-type displacement gauge. The flowchart of the method is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0048] This invention comprises multiple equal-length measuring units arranged in an array of displacement gauges. Several array displacement gauges are buried in the ground at the bridgehead road in a Π-shaped distribution. Each measuring unit independently collects monitoring data and is connected in parallel via an internal bus structure. The collected data is aggregated to the controller unit in the first section via the bus, and the controller unit is connected to an external communication device. The external communication device uses various real-time communication methods, such as 4G full-network serial port, to transmit the monitoring data to a cloud server in real time. The cloud server analyzes the monitoring data in real time using a spatial data analysis model, determines whether bridgehead slab settlement has occurred and the location of the most severe settlement based on the data analysis, and automatically sends early warning information.

[0049] The array-type displacement gauges of this invention are generally distributed in a Π shape, with one column deployed along the longitudinal direction of the road at the bridgehead in each lane, parallel to the lane lines in the longitudinal direction and parallel to the bridge abutment in the transverse direction. The ground strata include the road surface layer and the road base layer. The array-type displacement gauges are installed between the road surface layer and the road base layer, with the portion buried in the road base layer being larger than the portion buried in the road surface layer. Along the longitudinal direction of the road, 80cm from the lane line closest to the centerline of each lane towards the centerline of that lane, the longitudinal length is 30m. The transverse deployment position is 2m from the bridge abutment, and the transverse width is the sum of the widths of all lanes, hard shoulders, and the central divider. The array-type displacement gauges are installed inside 15cm diameter PPR pipes, which are installed in placement grooves located within the road base layer. The grooves are 20cm wide and 10cm deep. The initial inclination of each array displacement gauge after installation should be the same as the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the road at that location. The data cables connected to each array displacement gauge should be led out from the top surface of the road base layer. Then, during road construction, the array displacement gauges should be completely encased within the road stratum. The plan view and three-dimensional view of the array displacement gauge are shown below. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown.

[0050] Using the above-described array displacement gauge, the method of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0051] Multiple equal-length measuring units are assembled into an array of displacement gauges, and several array of displacement gauges are buried in the strata of the bridgehead road in a Π-shaped distribution.

[0052] Each measurement unit independently collects monitoring data and is connected in parallel through an internal bus structure. The collected data is aggregated to the controller unit in the first section via the bus, and the controller unit is connected to external communication equipment.

[0053] External communication devices use multiple real-time communication methods, such as 4G full-network serial ports, to transmit monitoring data to the cloud server in real time;

[0054] The cloud server analyzes the monitoring data in real time through a spatial data analysis model. Based on the analysis of the bridge approach roadbed settlement, it determines whether bridge approach slab settlement has occurred and the location of the most severe settlement, and automatically sends early warning information.

[0055] In this invention, each measuring unit is equipped with an accelerometer. The monitoring data collected by the measuring unit specifically refers to the position increments along the X, Y, and Z axes in the spatial coordinate system from the beginning to the end of each measuring unit. As shown in equations (1) and (2):

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] in, Let X and Y be the angles between the accelerometer of the i-th measurement unit and the horizontal plane, respectively. Let A be the angle between the Z-axis of the accelerometer of the i-th measurement unit and the direction of gravity; Xi A Yi A Zi Let A represent the accelerations of the accelerometer in the X, Y, and Z axes of the i-th measurement unit, respectively, and g be the gravitational acceleration. If the measurement unit is vertically stationary, the gravitational components in the X and Y directions are A. Xi =0g, A Yi =0g, while the gravitational component along the Z-axis is A. Zi =g, all angles are calculated as 0; L is the length of each measuring unit, typically 20–50 cm; x i y i z i These represent the position increments of the i-th measurement unit from its start to its end along the X, Y, and Z axes in the spatial coordinate system.

[0059] By using a spatial data analysis model to analyze the monitoring data in real time, the specific process of bridge abutment subgrade settlement was obtained as follows:

[0060] Based on the location increment, the spatial coordinates of each measuring point are measured;

[0061] Subtracting the spatial coordinates of each measuring point from its initial spatial coordinates yields the cumulative settlement at each measuring point.

[0062] The expressions for the spatial coordinates of each measuring point are:

[0063] X n+1 =X n +x i

[0064] Y n+1 =Y n +y i i = n (3)

[0065] Z n+1 =Z n +z i

[0066] Among them, X n+1 Y n+1 Z n+1 These are the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the (n+1)th measurement unit's starting point (i.e., the nth measurement end point) in the spatial coordinate system; X n Y n Z n Let X, Y, and Z be the coordinates of the beginning of the nth measurement unit (i.e., the end of the (n-1)th measurement unit) in the spatial coordinate system, respectively, and let i represent the sequence number of the measurement unit, i satisfying i = n.

[0067] Subtracting the initial spatial coordinates of each measuring point from the spatial coordinates calculated by equation (3) yields the cumulative settlement of each measuring point, as shown in equation (4).

[0068]

[0069] Where, Δx n Δy n Δz n These represent the positional changes of the end of the nth measurement unit along the X, Y, and Z axes in the spatial coordinate system compared to its initial position (i.e., the settlement of the end of the nth measurement unit along the X, Y, and Z axes in the spatial coordinate system). These represent the initial positions of the end of the nth measurement unit along the X, Y, and Z axes in the spatial coordinate system.

[0070] Here is a specific example:

[0071] Multiple 0.5m long measuring units are arranged into an array of displacement gauges. The three array of displacement gauges are buried in the soil of the bridge approach road in a Π-shaped distribution. The collected data is aggregated to the controller unit in the first section via a bus. The controller unit is connected to an external communication device. The external communication device uses a 4G network to transmit the monitoring data to a cloud server in real time. The cloud server analyzes the monitoring data in real time through a spatial data analysis model to determine whether bridge approach slab settlement has occurred and the location of the most severe settlement, and automatically sends early warning information.

[0072] Specifically, a bridge approach section of a newly built expressway is selected as the monitoring area. Array-type displacement gauges are first installed within this monitoring area, then connected to communication equipment via a data bus. Finally, settlement data is transmitted in real-time to a cloud server via a 4G network, enabling real-time analysis and automatic early warning of bridge approach slab settlement. One row of array-type displacement gauges is deployed longitudinally along each lane, parallel to the lane lines, and laterally parallel to the bridge abutment. Along the longitudinal direction of the road, the gauges are arranged 80cm from the lane line closest to the centerline of each lane, with a longitudinal length of 30m. Laterally, the gauges are positioned 2m from the bridge abutment, with a lateral width equal to the sum of the widths of all lanes, hard shoulders, and the central divider, totaling 25m.

[0073] After the road base layer D2 is constructed and maintained, trenches are dug at the designated locations where array displacement gauges will be installed. The trenches are 20cm wide and 10cm deep. The array displacement gauges are then installed inside 15cm diameter PPR pipes, which are placed at the bottom of the trench. It is ensured that the initial inclination of each array displacement gauge is the same as the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the road at that location, and that the data testing environment is consistent. The data bus of each array displacement gauge is connected to external communication equipment. Then, the road surface layer D1 is constructed, completely encasing the array displacement gauges within the road base layer D. The road structure layer diagram is shown below. Figure 4 As shown in the diagram. A schematic diagram of the communication equipment connection lines is shown below. Figure 5 As shown.

[0074] The array-type displacement gauges collect data once a day. The collected data is transmitted to the communication equipment via a data bus. The communication equipment uses a 4G communication network to send the collected settlement data to the cloud server. The cloud server automatically stores the collected data and compares it with the initial data to determine the severity of the bridge approach slab settlement. If the settlement data exceeds the set threshold, it automatically sends an early warning message to the road maintenance department, thereby realizing automatic real-time monitoring of bridge approach slab settlement.

[0075] In addition, settlement data can be obtained through spatial data analysis models, and then early warning information can be sent. A schematic diagram of the spatial data analysis principle is shown below. Figure 6 As shown in the diagram. A schematic diagram of the spatial deformation of the array-type displacement gauge is shown below. Figure 7 As shown.

[0076] The settlement calculation process for any monitoring point on the bridge approach road is as follows:

[0077] A specific bridgehead road was selected as the monitoring area. A single measurement unit was chosen with a length of L = 0.5m. The initial height of the first fixed controller unit in this area was set to 0m, and its spatial coordinates were set to (0, 0, 0)m. The measurement unit was placed horizontally, and the initial spatial coordinates of the end of the first measurement unit were (0.5, 0, 0)m. The corresponding angles were: The initial spatial coordinates of the end of the second measuring unit are (1, 0, 0) m, and the corresponding angles are: After a period of operation, the angles corresponding to the first measuring unit sensor on the road changed as follows: The angles corresponding to the second measurement unit sensor become: Therefore, it can be calculated that:

[0078] The position increment of the first measurement unit from start to finish along the X, Y, and Z axes in the spatial coordinate system:

[0079]

[0080] The position increment of the second measurement unit from start to finish along the X, Y, and Z axes in the spatial coordinate system:

[0081]

[0082] The spatial coordinates of the beginning of the second measurement unit (i.e., the end of the first measurement unit) are:

[0083] X2=X1+x1=0m+0.4983m=0.4983m

[0084] Y2=Y1+y1=0m+0.0459m=0.0459m

[0085] Z2=Z1+z1=0m-0.0837m=-0.0837m

[0086] The spatial coordinates of the beginning of the third measurement unit (i.e., the end of the second measurement unit) are:

[0087] X3=X2+x2=0.4983m+0.4984m=0.9967m

[0088] Y3=Y2+y2=0.0459m+0.0419m=0.0878m

[0089] Z3 = Z 21 +z2=-0.0837m-0.0800m=-0.1637m

[0090] The cumulative settlement at the beginning of the second measurement unit (i.e., the end of the first measurement unit) is:

[0091]

[0092] The cumulative settlement at the beginning of the third measurement unit (i.e., the end of the second measurement unit) is:

[0093]

[0094] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make numerous modifications and variations based on the concept of the present invention without creative effort. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning, or limited experimentation on the basis of existing technology should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring bridge approach slab slab settlement based on an array of displacement gauges, characterized in that, The method employs an array-type displacement gauge, which consists of multiple equal-length measuring units. Several array-type displacement gauges are arranged in a Π-shaped distribution and buried in the soil strata of the bridge approach road. The specific method of burying the array displacement gauges in a Π-shaped distribution is as follows: one column of array displacement gauges is arranged along the longitudinal direction of the road in each lane, and parallel to the lane lines in the longitudinal direction and parallel to the bridge abutments in the transverse direction of the road. The stratum includes the road surface layer and the road base layer. The array displacement gauges are installed between the road surface layer and the road base layer, and the part buried in the road base layer is larger than the part buried in the road surface layer. The method includes the following steps: Each measurement unit independently collects monitoring data. The first section of the measurement unit is the controller unit. The monitoring data is collected in the controller unit, and the controller unit sends the monitoring data to the external communication device. External communication devices send monitoring data to the cloud server in real time. The cloud server analyzes the monitoring data in real time through a spatial data analysis model to obtain the settlement of the bridge abutment subgrade. Based on the settlement of the bridge abutment subgrade, it determines whether bridge approach slab ...

2. The method for monitoring bridge approach slab settlement based on an array-type displacement gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each measurement unit is equipped with an accelerometer. The monitoring data collected by the measurement unit is specifically the position increment along the X, Y, and Z axes in the spatial coordinate system from the beginning to the end of each measurement unit. The expression for the increment is: in, The length of each measurement unit, The first i The position increment of each measurement unit from start to end along the X, Y, and Z axes in the spatial coordinate system. The first Each measurement unit's accelerometer sensor The angle between the axis and the horizontal plane, For the first Each measurement unit's accelerometer sensor The angle between the axis and the direction of gravity.

3. The bridge approach slab slab monitoring method based on array displacement gauges according to claim 2, characterized in that, No. Each measurement unit's accelerometer sensor The expression for the angle between the axis and the horizontal plane is: For the first Each measurement unit's accelerometer sensor The expression for the angle between the axis and the direction of gravity is: in, The first Each measurement unit's accelerometer sensor Acceleration in the axial direction, For gravitational acceleration, if the measuring unit is placed vertically at rest, The gravitational component in the direction is , ,and The gravitational component along the axial direction is All angles are calculated as 0.

4. The bridge approach slab slab monitoring method based on array displacement gauges according to claim 3, characterized in that, By using a spatial data analysis model to analyze the monitoring data in real time, the specific process of bridge abutment subgrade settlement was obtained as follows: Based on the location increment, the spatial coordinates of each measuring point are measured; Subtracting the spatial coordinates of each measuring point from its initial spatial coordinates yields the cumulative settlement at each measuring point.

5. The bridge approach slab slab monitoring method based on array displacement gauges according to claim 4, characterized in that, The expressions for the spatial coordinates of each measuring point are: in, The first The beginning of the first measurement unit, i.e., the first... The X, Y, and Z coordinates of each measurement endpoint in the spatial coordinate system; The first The beginning of the first measurement unit, i.e., the first... The X, Y, and Z coordinates of each measurement unit in the spatial coordinate system. Indicates the serial number of the measurement unit. satisfy .

6. The bridge approach slab slab monitoring method based on an array-type displacement gauge according to claim 5, characterized in that, The expression for the cumulative settlement at each measuring point is: in, The first The change in position of the end of each measurement unit on the X, Y, and Z axes of the spatial coordinate system compared to its initial position, i.e., the change in position of the end of the measurement unit on the X, Y, and Z axes of the spatial coordinate system. The settlement of the end of each measurement unit along the X, Y, and Z axes in the spatial coordinate system. The first n The initial position of the end of each measurement unit on the X, Y, and Z axes in the spatial coordinate system.

7. The bridge approach slab slab monitoring method based on array displacement gauges according to claim 1, characterized in that, The array displacement gauges are arranged longitudinally along the road, with each row of the array displacement gauges being 30m long. The transverse arrangement of the array displacement gauges is 2m away from the bridge abutment, and the width of the transverse arrangement is the sum of the widths of all lanes, hard shoulders, and the central median.

8. The method for monitoring bridge approach slab settlement based on an array-type displacement gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The array displacement gauge is installed inside a 15cm diameter PPR pipe, which is installed in a placement groove. The placement groove is located within the road base layer and has a width of 20cm and a depth of 10cm.

9. A method for monitoring bridge approach slab settlement based on an array of displacement gauges according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial tilt of the array displacement gauge is the same as the longitudinal and transverse slopes of the road at that location.

10. A method for monitoring bridge approach slab settlement based on an array-type displacement gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data lines corresponding to each array displacement gauge are led out from the top surface of the road base layer and connected to external communication equipment.

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