High-rise Building Inclination Monitoring and Early Warning System Based on Satellite Positioning

Abstract

The present invention discloses a high-rise building tilt monitoring and early warning system based on satellite positioning, which is used for high-rise buildings. The high-rise building tilt monitoring and early warning system includes a satellite positioning reference station, a satellite positioning monitoring station arranged at the top of the high-rise building, and a tilt early warning device. The tilt early warning device includes: a monitoring station satellite positioning variance matrix element acquisition unit for acquiring the satellite positioning variance matrix elements of the monitoring station; a tilt early warning parameter determination unit for determining the tilt early warning parameters of each epoch according to the satellite positioning variance matrix elements; a high-rise building tilt monitoring parameter determination unit for determining the high-rise building tilt monitoring parameters corresponding to the epoch; and an alarm unit for alarming according to the tilt early warning parameters and the high-rise building tilt monitoring parameters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of high-rise building tilt detection, and particularly to high-rise building tilt monitoring and early warning technology. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing total amount and scale of engineering construction, building tilts occur from time to time due to improper exploration, design, construction, use, or due to changes in load during renovation and expansion, influence of adjacent new projects, natural disasters, etc. When the height of a building is greater than a certain height for residential buildings, non-single-story factories, warehouses, or other civil buildings, etc., it is called a high-rise building. Once a high-rise building shows tilt and sway, serious consequences will occur. Therefore, it is of great significance to detect the tilt of high-rise buildings in real time and accurately and give an alarm in time. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above situation, the present invention proposes to alleviate or eliminate one or more disadvantages existing in the prior art and at least provide a beneficial option.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a satellite positioning-based high-rise building tilt monitoring and early warning system for high-rise buildings. The high-rise building tilt monitoring and early warning system includes a satellite positioning reference station, a satellite positioning monitoring station provided at the top of the high-rise building, and a tilt early warning device. The tilt early warning device includes: a monitoring station satellite positioning variance matrix element acquisition unit for acquiring the satellite positioning variance matrix elements of the monitoring station; a tilt early warning parameter determination unit for determining the tilt early warning parameters of each epoch according to the satellite positioning variance matrix elements; a high-rise building tilt monitoring parameter determination unit for determining the high-rise building tilt monitoring parameters corresponding to the epoch; and an alarm unit for giving an alarm according to the tilt early warning parameters and the high-rise building tilt monitoring parameters.

[0005] According to the technical solution of the present invention, it is possible to take into account the measurement error of the detection device itself for real-time tilt detection, and the accuracy of the monitoring and early warning becomes higher.

[0006] According to some embodiments of the present invention, since the nominal accuracy of the receiver of the satellite positioning monitoring station is not adopted but a technical solution based on the satellite positioning variance matrix elements is adopted, the accuracy of the monitoring and early warning can be improved. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0007] With reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention can be better understood. However, the drawings are only exemplary and are not drawn to scale, and are not a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention.

[0008] Figure 1 Shows a schematic diagram of a satellite positioning-based high-rise building tilt monitoring and early warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0009] Figure 2 A schematic functional block diagram of a tilt warning device according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, further details specific embodiments of the present invention, which are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Components that are relevant to the high-rise building tilt monitoring and early warning system but are not necessary for understanding the present invention are not shown in the drawings and are not described in the specification. These components may utilize various currently known or future technologies and are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 1 FIG1 shows a schematic diagram of a high-rise building tilt monitoring and early warning system based on satellite positioning according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, a high-rise building tilt monitoring and early warning system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a reference station (satellite positioning reference station) 11 and a monitoring station (satellite positioning monitoring station) 12 set at the top of the high-rise building. The monitoring station 12 includes a satellite positioning receiver (GNSS receiver) and can communicate with the reference station 11 set on the ground. The reference station 11 can be set up in a place with a wide field of view and little obstruction. The reference station and the monitoring station can also locate themselves by positioning the navigation satellite. How the monitoring station 12 receives the navigation satellite signal, how it interacts with the reference station 11, and how it receives and uses the GNSS satellite differential correction signal can be implemented by any method known in the art and will not be described in detail here. Although the reference station 11 is marked as a Beidou reference station (BDS reference station) and the monitoring station 12 is marked as a Beidou monitoring station (BDS monitoring station) in the figure, they can be reference stations or monitoring stations of a single GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BDS or multi-system satellite positioning system, such as a GPS reference station or a GPS monitoring station. Although the tilt warning device 13 is arranged on the ground in the figure, it can be arranged in other places, such as in the high-rise building. The tilt warning device 13 and the monitoring station 12 can communicate with each other by wire or wirelessly.

[0012] Figure 2 FIG. 1 shows a schematic functional block diagram of a tilt warning device 13 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2As shown, a tilt warning device 13 according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a monitoring station satellite positioning variance matrix element acquisition unit 131, a tilt warning parameter determination unit 132, a high-rise building tilt monitoring parameter determination unit 133, and an alarm unit 134. The monitoring station satellite positioning variance matrix element acquisition unit 131 is used to obtain the variance matrix elements of the satellite positioning monitoring station. The tilt warning parameter determination unit 132 determines the tilt warning parameters for each epoch based on the satellite positioning variance matrix elements. The building tilt monitoring parameter determination unit 133 determines the building tilt monitoring parameters for the corresponding epoch. The alarm unit 134 issues an alarm based on the tilt warning parameters and the high-rise building tilt monitoring parameters. Specifically, an alarm can be issued when the high-rise building tilt monitoring parameter is greater than the high-rise building tilt warning parameter for the corresponding epoch. According to one embodiment, the alarm unit 134 can issue graded warnings, issuing alarms of different intensities or types depending on the severity of the high-rise building tilt monitoring parameter exceeding the high-rise building tilt warning parameter for the corresponding epoch. The alarm unit 134 can be various devices that can emit light, sound, etc. of different intensities, or it can be or include a wired or wireless unit that can send early warning messages to remote locations, such as notifying remote maintenance personnel and operation managers, safety managers, etc. through WeChat, text messages, pre-recorded calls, etc.

[0013] According to one embodiment, the monitoring station satellite positioning variance matrix element acquisition unit 131 may acquire the monitoring station satellite positioning variance matrix elements as follows.

[0014] according to Figure 1 As shown in the figure, for the satellite signal common view observation window above the satellite cut-off elevation angle (generally set to 10-15°), it is assumed that the number of satellites synchronously observed by the reference station (A) 11 and the monitoring station (B) 12 at a certain epoch is n r , and taking the satellite with the highest elevation angle r in synchronous observation as the reference satellite, the short baseline in high-rise building tilt monitoring can be listed as n r -1 linearized error equation of the double-difference carrier phase observation equation:

[0015]

[0016] According to the principle of the least squares parameter estimation indirect adjustment method, the corresponding error equation of the i-th epoch is expressed in matrix form as follows:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, is the double-difference carrier phase observation correction matrix for the i-th epoch; is the three-dimensional coordinate parameter correction matrix for the i-th epoch positioning; is the constant term matrix of the double-difference carrier phase observation value at the i-th epoch; l i is the constant term matrix of the error equation at the i-th epoch; is the coefficient matrix of (n r -1)×(n r -1) at the i-th epoch; K is the (n r -1)×(n r -1) identity matrix; is the double-difference integer ambiguity parameter matrix at the i-th epoch; λ is the wavelength of the satellite signal.

[0019] As can be seen from Equation (1), once the parameter matrix is successfully fixed as the correct known integer matrix, then according to the principle of the least squares parameter estimation indirect adjustment method (V i T P i V i =min), the estimated value of the positioning position parameter of the monitoring station in the GNSS satellite positioning coordinate system at the i-th epoch can be obtained as:

[0020]

[0021] The evaluation model of the estimated accuracy of the positioning parameter of the corresponding monitoring station at the i-th epoch is:

[0022]

[0023] In the formula: is the estimated value of the positioning position parameter and its variance matrix at the i-th epoch; and are the correction of the positioning position parameter and its corresponding variance matrix and cofactor matrix at the i-th epoch; P i is the weight matrix of the double-difference observation value of the carrier phase at the i-th epoch; is the estimated value of the a posteriori unit weight mean square error of the double-difference observation value of the carrier phase at the i-th epoch; is the initial value of the parameter to be estimated at the i-th epoch of the monitoring station. According to one implementation, can be obtained by pseudo-range differential positioning calculation of the pseudo-code observation value at the i-th epoch. According to another implementation, for the actual application of high-rise building tilt monitoring, it is provided by the reference known value of the monitoring point position at the top of the high-rise building (that is, the fixed installation position of the monitoring station, which can be obtained by satellite positioning control surveying technology):

[0024]

[0025] In the formula: X M =[B M L M H M ​T is the reference known value of the monitoring point location on the top of a high-rise building (i.e. the location where the monitoring station is fixedly installed).

[0026] Regarding formula (3), since:

[0027]

[0028] In the formula, is the corresponding variance matrix element in the GNSS satellite positioning coordinate system.

[0029] If the station center coordinate system is used to measure the accuracy of the monitoring station, the variance matrix of the estimated position parameters of the i-th observation epoch in the station center coordinate system is used Indicates that the corresponding satellite positioning variance matrix elements are expressed as Expressed as, then the variance-covariance propagation law can be obtained:

[0030]

[0031] In the formula, Wherein: B0 and L0 are the geodetic latitude and geodetic longitude corresponding to the reference known values of the monitoring point position at the top of the high-rise monitoring.

[0032] According to formula (6), the variance matrix of the plane position parameter estimation of the i-th observation epoch of the monitoring station in the station center coordinate system can be expressed as:

[0033]

[0034] In the formula, is the variance matrix of the estimated plane position parameters of the i-th observation epoch of the monitoring station in the station center coordinate system; is the corresponding variance matrix element in the station center coordinate system. is the estimated mean square error of satellite positioning in the north direction at the i-th observation epoch of the satellite positioning monitoring station; is the estimated eastward mean error of satellite positioning at the i-th observation epoch of the satellite positioning monitoring station; is the estimated covariance between the north and east directions of the satellite positioning of the satellite positioning monitoring station at the i-th observation epoch; and Each of them, either individually or as a whole, can be referred to as the satellite positioning variance matrix element of the monitoring station at the i-th observation epoch of the satellite positioning monitoring station.

[0035] According to one embodiment, the tilt warning parameter includes a high-rise building tilt horizontal displacement warning parameter. After the monitoring station satellite positioning variance matrix element acquisition unit 131 acquires the monitoring station satellite positioning variance matrix element, the tilt warning parameter determination unit 132 can determine the high-rise building tilt horizontal displacement warning parameter as follows:

[0036]

[0037] in, It is the early warning parameter of the horizontal displacement of high-rise buildings, including the early warning parameter of the north displacement. Eastward displacement warning parameters f i (α) is the error ellipse size of the estimated positioning position parameters of the i-th observation epoch of the satellite positioning monitoring station 12; Design control value for horizontal displacement of top of high-rise building; is the azimuth parameter of the monitoring point on the top of the high-rise building at the i-th observation epoch.

[0038] According to one embodiment, the tilt warning parameter includes a high-rise building tilt rate warning parameter. The tilt warning parameter determination unit 132 may determine the high-rise building tilt rate warning parameter as follows:

[0039]

[0040] in, is the early warning parameter of the high-rise building tilt rate; f i (α) is the error ellipse size of the estimated positioning position parameters of the satellite positioning monitoring station 12 at the i-th observation epoch; Design control value for horizontal displacement of top of high-rise building; is the estimated mean square error of satellite positioning in the north direction at the i-th observation epoch of the satellite positioning monitoring station; is the estimated easting mean error of satellite positioning at the i-th observation epoch of the satellite positioning monitoring station.

[0041] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the tilt warning parameters may include both high-rise building tilt rate warning parameters and high-rise building tilt horizontal displacement warning parameters.

[0042] According to one embodiment, f i (α) may be a predetermined value obtained through experience or experimentation, such as a value obtained through simulation of identical or similar buildings or deep learning (machine learning, neural network model) using historical data.

[0043] According to one embodiment, the f can be determined as follows i (α):

[0044]

[0045] Here, α is the confidence level (confidence probability), which is used to measure the reliability of statistical inference. Measurement error is always present and unavoidable, and even the most precise measurements cannot completely avoid the influence of random interference. Introducing the probability corresponding to the confidence level, including the population mean, and limiting the error range to a confidence interval can better reflect the random nature of measurement error and the accuracy of the measurement results, reflecting the actual measurement situation.

[0046] According to one embodiment, when the building type of the high-rise building is a building, the design control value of the horizontal displacement of the top of the high-rise building is determined as follows:

[0047]

[0048] Among them, h g is the height from the phase center of the receiver antenna of the satellite positioning monitoring station to the ground where the high-rise building is located. Figure 1 In the case of h g =H s +H g . H S H is the distance between the phase center of the satellite positioning monitoring station's receiver antenna and the installation surface of the monitoring station on the high-rise building. g The distance from the installation surface to the ground. According to the building height of the high-rise building, the use of segmented counting to design the control coefficient can more accurately reflect the top horizontal displacement warning value control of the high-rise building tilt monitoring as the building height changes.

[0049] Buildings are a general term for buildings and structures. Buildings taller than a certain height, such as residential buildings, non-single-story factories, warehouses, or other civilian structures, are considered high-rise buildings. In this article, civilian buildings related to people's daily lives, such as houses, are called buildings; buildings without interior spaces for people to use, such as sculptures, water towers, chimneys, bridges, and dams, are called structures.

[0050] According to one embodiment, when the building type of the high-rise building is a structure, the design control value of the horizontal displacement of the top of the high-rise building is determined as follows:

[0051]

[0052] Among them, h g The height from the phase center of the receiver antenna of the satellite positioning monitoring station to the ground where the high-rise building is located can be determined by other methods currently known in the art or to be known in the future. For example, it can use empirical values. For example, for the same or similar buildings, simulations can be performed or historical data can be used for deep learning (machine learning, neural network model) tog The obtained value. According to the height of the high-rise building structure, by adopting the method of segmentally counting and designing the control coefficient, it can more accurately reflect the control of the top horizontal displacement warning value of the high-rise building tilt monitoring with the change of the structure height.

[0053] According to one embodiment, the high-rise building tilt monitoring parameter determination unit 133 can calculate the high-rise building tilt monitoring parameters of the i-th epoch as follows, including the high-rise building tilt horizontal displacement monitoring parameter and the high-rise building tilt rate monitoring parameter:

[0054] Assume that the northward and eastward monitoring results of the satellite positioning monitoring station at the i-th observation epoch in the local geodetic coordinate system are represented by (x i , y i ), then the high-rise building tilt horizontal displacement monitoring parameter d i of the current epoch plane position is:

[0055]

[0056] In the formula, (Δx i , Δy i ) is the horizontal displacement amount of the monitoring position of the satellite positioning monitoring station at the i-th epoch in the northward and eastward directions, which can be obtained by measurement and calculation of the satellite positioning monitoring station; (x0, y0) is the known reference value of the high-rise building top monitoring point, that is, the known position when the satellite positioning monitoring station is installed, and can be obtained with high precision by the high-precision satellite positioning control network technology.

[0057] The high-rise building horizontal displacement amount parameter and the corresponding azimuth angle parameter are:

[0058]

[0059] In the formula, is the high-rise building horizontal displacement amount parameter and the corresponding azimuth angle parameter of the top monitoring point of the high-rise building at the i-th epoch.

[0060] The calculation formula for using the top monitoring station of the high-rise building to monitor the high-rise building tilt rate monitoring parameter and the corresponding incline angle parameter at the i-th epoch is:

[0061]

[0062] In the formula, is the high-rise building tilt rate monitoring parameter and the corresponding incline angle parameter at the i-th epoch.

[0063] When the horizontal displacement amount Δx i of the monitoring position of the satellite positioning monitoring station at the i-th epoch in the northward direction is greater than the northward displacement warning parameter When this occurs, the alarm unit 134 can give an alarm prompt for northward deviation correction of the high-rise building tilt at the i-th observation epoch; and

[0064] When the horizontal displacement Δy in the eastward direction of the monitoring position of the satellite positioning monitoring station at the i-th epoch i is greater than the eastward displacement warning parameter then the alarm unit 134 can give an alarm prompt for eastward deviation correction of the high-rise building tilt at the i-th observation epoch.

[0065] In addition, when the high-rise building tilt rate monitoring parameter at the i-th epoch is greater than the high-rise building tilt rate warning parameter then the alarm unit 134 gives an alarm prompt for deviation correction of the high-rise building tilt at the i-th observation epoch.

[0066] Each unit of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, or can be implemented by software in cooperation with hardware, and can be implemented by a processor executing software stored in a memory. The above detailed description of the present invention only gives further confidence content to those skilled in the art for implementing the preferred aspects of the present invention, and does not limit the scope of the present invention. Only the claims are used to determine the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the combination of the features and steps in the foregoing detailed description is not necessary for implementing the present invention in the broadest scope, and alternatively only gives teachings to the representative embodiments of the particularly detailed description of the present invention. In addition, in order to obtain additional useful embodiments of the present invention, the various different features taught in the specification can be combined in various ways, but these ways are not specifically exemplified.

Claims

1. A high-rise building tilt monitoring and early warning system based on satellite positioning, which is used for high-rise buildings. The high-rise building tilt monitoring and early warning system includes a satellite positioning reference station, a satellite positioning monitoring station arranged at the top of the high-rise building, and a tilt early warning device. The tilt early warning device includes: A monitoring station satellite positioning variance matrix element acquisition unit, which is used to acquire the satellite positioning variance matrix elements of the satellite positioning monitoring station; A tilt early warning parameter determination unit, which determines the tilt early warning parameters of each epoch according to the satellite positioning variance matrix elements; A high-rise building tilt monitoring parameter determination unit, which determines the high-rise building tilt monitoring parameters corresponding to the epoch; And An alarm unit, which alarms according to the tilt early warning parameters and the high-rise building tilt monitoring parameters. Among them, the tilt early warning parameters include high-rise building tilt horizontal displacement early warning parameters. The tilt early warning parameter determination unit determines the high-rise building tilt horizontal displacement early warning parameters as follows: Among them, is the warning parameter for the horizontal displacement of the high-rise building tilt, including the northward displacement warning parameter and the eastward displacement warning parameter f i (α) is the error ellipse scale of the estimated value of the positioning position parameter of the i-th observation epoch of the satellite positioning monitoring station; is the design control value of the horizontal displacement at the top of the high-rise building; is the azimuth angle parameter of the monitoring point at the top of the high-rise building in the i-th observation epoch; is the estimated value of the northward positioning mean error of the satellite positioning monitoring station in the i-th observation epoch; is the estimated value of the eastward positioning mean error of the satellite positioning monitoring station in the i-th observation epoch, α is the confidence level, h g is the height from the phase center of the receiver antenna of the satellite positioning monitoring station to the ground where the high-rise building is located. The northward and eastward monitoring results of the satellite positioning monitoring station in the station-centered coordinate system at the i-th observation epoch are represented by (x i , y i ), and d i is the monitoring parameter for the horizontal displacement of the high-rise building tilt at the current epoch plane position.

2. The satellite positioning-based high-rise building tilt monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1, wherein The tilt early warning parameters include high-rise building tilt rate early warning parameters. The tilt early warning parameter determination unit determines the high-rise building tilt rate early warning parameters as follows: Among them, is the warning parameter for the inclination rate of high-rise buildings.

3. The satellite positioning-based high-rise building tilt monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The f is determined as follows i (α):

4. The satellite positioning-based high-rise building tilt monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, When the building type of the high-rise building is a building, the design control value of the horizontal displacement at the top of the high-rise building is determined as follows:

5. The satellite positioning-based high-rise building tilt monitoring and early warning system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that When the building type of the high-rise building is a structure, the design control value of the horizontal displacement at the top of the high-rise building is determined as follows:

6. The tilt monitoring and early warning system for high-rise buildings based on satellite positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-rise building tilt monitoring parameter determination unit determines the high-rise building tilt monitoring parameters corresponding to the epoch as follows, including high-rise building tilt horizontal displacement monitoring parameters and high-rise building tilt rate monitoring parameters: Monitoring parameter d of the horizontal displacement of the inclination of high-rise buildings at the current epoch plane position i is as follows: wherein, (Δx i , Δy i ) are the horizontal displacement amounts in the northward and eastward directions of the monitoring position of the i-th epoch of the satellite positioning monitoring station, which are obtained by measurement and calculation of the satellite positioning monitoring station; (x0, y0) is the known reference value of the monitoring point at the top of the high-rise building, that is, the known position when the satellite positioning monitoring station is installed, The high-rise building horizontal displacement amount parameter of the i-th epoch is: In the formula, is the horizontal displacement parameter of the monitoring point at the top of the high-rise building at the i-th epoch. The calculation formula of the high-rise building tilt rate monitoring parameter of the i-th epoch is: In the formula, is the monitoring parameter of the building inclination rate of the high-rise building at the i-th epoch.

7. The tilt monitoring and early warning system for high-rise buildings based on satellite positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-rise building tilt monitoring parameter determination unit determines the azimuth parameter of the monitoring point at the top of the high-rise building at the i-th epoch as follows Suppose the northward and eastward monitoring results of the $i$-th observation epoch of the satellite positioning monitoring station in the station-centered coordinate system are represented by $(x i , y i ). Then, the high-rise building tilt horizontal displacement monitoring parameter $d$ of the current epoch plane position is i : wherein, (Δx i , Δy i ) are the horizontal displacement amounts of the monitoring position of the i-th epoch of the satellite positioning monitoring station in the north and east directions, which are obtained by measurement and calculation of the satellite positioning monitoring station; (x0, y0) is the reference known value of the monitoring point at the top of the high-rise building, that is, the known position when the satellite positioning monitoring station is installed, The azimuth parameter of the monitoring point at the top of the high-rise building at the i-th epoch is as follows:

8. The high-rise building tilt monitoring and early warning system based on satellite positioning according to claim 1, characterized in that When the horizontal displacement Δx of the monitoring position of the satellite positioning monitoring station in the north direction at the i-th epoch i is greater than the northward displacement warning parameter at this time, the alarm unit gives a northward deviation correction alarm prompt for the tilt of the high-rise building at the i-th observation epoch; And When the horizontal displacement Δy in the eastward direction of the monitoring position of the satellite positioning monitoring station at the i-th epoch i is greater than the eastward displacement warning parameter then the alarm unit gives an eastward deviation correction alarm prompt for the high-rise building tilt at the i-th observation epoch.

9. The high-rise building tilt monitoring and early warning system based on satellite positioning according to claim 2, characterized in that When the monitoring parameter of the high-rise building inclination rate at the i-th epoch is greater than the warning parameter of the high-rise building inclination rate the alarm unit gives a deviation correction alarm prompt for the high-rise building inclination at the i-th observation epoch.

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