A wearable electrothermal patch, a preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of medical equipment, and provides a wearable electric heating patch, a preparation method and application thereof. The electric heating patch comprises an ion gel matrix and Mxene nanosheets doped therein. The ion gel matrix takes an ionic liquid as a dispersion medium. The electric heating patch has transparency. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing Mxene nanosheet material and ion gel precursors, and reacting in a mold under ultraviolet light irradiation to obtain the wearable electric heating patch with transparency. The wearable patch has good electrical conductivity, photothermal performance and good optical transparency. The electric heating patch can realize electric heating and photothermal synergistic treatment by simply applying an external current and light, has a quick response, can be used for a long time, and can realize real-time observation of the heating condition of the skin during the treatment process, so that the electric heating patch is suitable for use as a medical patch.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of medical devices, and particularly relates to a wearable electric heating patch, a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Wearable devices provide a non-surgical alternative platform for medical treatment, from diagnosis to disease treatment, including human motion detection, electrophysiological signal and biochemical symptom recording, tissue regeneration, cancer treatment, etc. Skin-wearable medical and health care devices have attracted great interest. Electric stimulation is an important physical regulation method for cell activity, which has the advantages of small damage, low induction of immune response, and repeatable operation. Compared with other mechanical or chemical stimulation, electric stimulation has excellent advantages in regulating cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and death, and is particularly suitable for wound healing, nerve recovery and cancer treatment. The electric stimulation patch can achieve good coverage of the entire tumor and avoid the risk of tumor cell escape. Therefore, intelligent wearable patches provide a promising adjuvant therapy for skin tumors to cause irreversible damage to tumor cells under external stimulation.

[0003] In addition, photothermal therapy has attracted much attention in tumor treatment. Traditional photothermal material patches are mostly doped with photothermal agents in hydrogels for photothermal conversion to generate heat, but traditional photothermal materials used in patch treatment are difficult to closely contact with the skin, do not have transparency, and cannot detect the skin condition under the material in real time and intuitively, which may cause overheating or skin burns and other adverse effects. In recent years, people have developed various thermal therapy patches based on Joule heat, as well as some self-generating electric patches for skin tumor treatment. The thermal therapy patch inhibits cancer by adjusting the application of different parameters of electricity to regulate temperature, further achieving the treatment of cancer. The self-generating electric patch generates electricity by friction during patient movement and acts on the lesion site, treating through electric stimulation.

[0004] Existing patch preparation is generally automatic polymerization curing at room temperature or curing under ultraviolet light; the main components of the hydrogel patch are various polymer monomers, cross-linking agents and initiators, and the hydrogel with different properties is obtained by cross-linking different polymer monomers, and the main component of the dispersion medium of the hydrogel is water. Some hydrogel patches have problems in rapid response and long-term use due to water evaporation, and these defects limit their clinical application, so it is urgent to develop a multi-responsive and long-wearing patch. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the application provides a wearable new material electric heating patch, a preparation method thereof and biomedical applications, the wearable patch has good electrical conductivity, photothermal performance and good optical transparency, and through simple external application of current and light, the electric heating synergistic treatment can be realized, the response is fast, the patch can be used for a long time, and the heating condition of the skin during the treatment process can be observed in real time, so that the patch is beneficial to be used as a medical patch.

[0006] The application provides a wearable electric heating patch, which comprises an ionic gel matrix and Mxene nanosheets doped in the ionic gel matrix; the ionic gel matrix takes an ionic liquid as a dispersion medium; and the electric heating patch has transparency.

[0007] In the embodiment of the application, the ionic liquid is an imidazole halogen-free ionic liquid, and the operable temperature range is 40-300 DEG C.

[0008] In the embodiment of the application, the Mxene nanosheet is Ti3C2T x The Mxene nanosheet material is optionally doped at a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg / mL.

[0009] In the embodiment of the application, the ionic liquid is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole ethyl sulfate, and the polymer network of the ionic gel matrix is formed by reaction of acrylic acid, acrylamide, a crosslinking agent N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and a photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone.

[0010] The application provides a preparation method of the electric heating patch as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0011] The Mxene nanosheet material is mixed with an ionic gel precursor, and the mixture is reacted under ultraviolet light irradiation in a mold to obtain the wearable electric heating patch with transparency.

[0012] The ionic gel precursor comprises a polymerized monomer and an ionic liquid.

[0013] In the embodiment of the application, the Mxene nanosheet material is prepared by a hydrofluoric acid etching method.

[0014] In the embodiment of the application, the polymerized monomer is acrylic acid and acrylamide, and the mass ratio of the two is 1:1-5, preferably 1:2-3.

[0015] In the embodiment of the application, the preparation method specifically comprises the following steps: dissolving the polymerized monomer in the ionic liquid to obtain a homogeneous solution; dispersing the Mxene nanosheet material in the ionic liquid and mixing the Mxene nanosheet material with the homogeneous solution, then adding a crosslinking agent and a photoinitiator to obtain a precursor solution, pouring the precursor solution into a mold and irradiating under ultraviolet light to obtain the electric heating patch.

[0016] In the embodiment of the present application, the intensity of the ultraviolet light is 50-100 mW / cm 2 , preferably 50-60 mW / cm 2 , and the irradiation reaction lasts for 3-10 min.

[0017] The present application provides the use of the electrothermal patch as described above in the preparation of wearable medical or health care devices, and the parameters can be adjusted by controlling the power of the 808nm laser and the input voltage of the patch.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present application provides a wearable Mxene-doped ion gel patch for biomedical applications, i.e., an electrothermal patch, which has transparency; the preparation process in the embodiment includes: first, preparing Mxene nanosheet material by etching method, then doping Mxene nanosheets into ion gel precursor, mixing thoroughly, and reacting under 365nm laser to obtain the patch, which can be used for further skin cancer treatment. The patch is worn to adhere to the skin surface, has good electrical conductivity and photothermal performance, and the electrothermal patch has good optical transparency, can realize real-time and intuitive detection of melanoma treatment under the cooperation of electrical stimulation and photothermal treatment, and avoid skin overheating and burns; electrical stimulation combined with photothermal treatment can achieve good tumor ablation effect. In the application process, different treatment temperatures can be obtained by changing the current size and adjusting the 808nm laser irradiation power. When used, the cancer cells can be killed under the combined stimulation by the stimulation of the current and the treatment of photothermal treatment, and the effect of cancer treatment can be achieved.

[0019] In addition, the electrothermal patch described in the present application is simple and fast to prepare, and the shape can be changed arbitrarily by different molds; and has certain stretchability, which can well fit the skin of the user in the application process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 Flowchart for preparing the electrothermal patch for some embodiments of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 SEM image of the electrothermal patch in Example 1 of the present application;

[0022] Figure 3 SEM energy spectrum of the electrothermal patch in Example 1 of the present application;

[0023] Figure 4 Elemental scanning result of the electrothermal patch in Example 1 of the present application;

[0024] Figure 5 Stress-strain curve of the electrothermal patch with different doping concentrations in the present application;

[0025] Figure 6 Toughness results of different doping concentration of the electric heating patch of the embodiments of the present application;

[0026] Figure 7 Temperature of different concentration Mxene under 0.5W / cm 2 808nm laser irradiation for 10 minutes;

[0027] Figure 8 Temperature of gel containing 0.8mg / mL Mxene under different power;

[0028] Figure 9 Cycling temperature curve of gel containing 0.8mg / mL Mxene;

[0029] Figure 10 Current-voltage curve of gel without concentration;

[0030] Figure 11 Corresponding current value of gel with different concentration under 5V voltage;

[0031] Figure 12 Cell viability of cells cultured for 24 hours by different concentrations of gel extract detected by MTT test;

[0032] Figure 13 Cell viability of cells cultured for 10 minutes by different concentrations of gel extract detected by MTT test;

[0033] Figure 14 Optical photos of mice in different groups during treatment;

[0034] Figure 15 Tumor weight of mice in different groups after 15 days of treatment;

[0035] Figure 16 Body weight changes of mice during treatment;

[0036] Figure 17 Cluster analysis of standard blood biochemical indicators of mice in different groups;

[0037] Figure 18 Transparency and adhesion of gel patch containing 0.8mg / mL Mxene. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0039] The application provides a wearable electrothermal patch, comprising an ionic gel matrix and Mxene nanosheets doped therein; the ionic gel matrix takes an ionic liquid as a dispersion medium; and the electrothermal patch has transparency.

[0040] The wearable electrothermal patch has good electrical conductivity, photothermal performance and good optical transparency, can realize electrothermal synergistic treatment through simple external application of current and light, has rapid response, can be used for a long time, and can realize real-time observation of the heating condition of the skin during the treatment process, thereby being beneficial to use as a medical patch.

[0041] The existing photothermal treatment patch has the problems of non-transparency of the material, difficulty in close contact with the skin, and inability to realize real-time visual observation of the heating condition of the skin under the material during the treatment process, and overheat or skin burn may occur. The electrothermal patch has transparency, and the skin condition can be directly observed when the electrothermal patch is used as a medical patch.

[0042] In the application, the electrothermal patch is composed of an ionic gel as a matrix structure; the dispersion medium of the ionic gel is an ionic liquid (without water), in which polymer molecular chains are connected or entangled to form a spatial network structure, and the structure gap is filled with anions and cations as the dispersion medium. The ionic liquid has electrical conductivity, and can give the skin patch good electrical conductivity. Moreover, it has a wide operating temperature range (40-300 degrees Celsius), good thermal stability and chemical stability, which is one of the reasons why the ionic gel is used as the matrix of the electrothermal patch. The internal dispersion medium (ionic liquid) will not volatilize / evaporate due to high temperature, thereby affecting the function of the patch.

[0043] In the embodiment of the application, the ionic liquid is preferably a halogen-free imidazole ionic liquid, and is further 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazole ethyl sulfate. Specifically, the polymer network structure of the ionic gel matrix is formed by reaction of acrylic acid, acrylamide, a crosslinking agent N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide and a photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone.

[0044] In the ionic gel matrix, Mxene nanosheets are uniformly doped; the transparency of the patch can be adjusted by controlling the amount of doped Mxene, and the doping concentration is 0.1-1.0 mg / mL, and is further 0.2-0.8 mg / mL.

[0045] MXene is a graphene-like structure obtained by processing a MAX phase; the specific molecular formula of the MAX phase is M n+1 AX n(n = 1, 2 or 3), wherein M refers to transition metals of the first group, A refers to main group elements, and X refers to C and / or N elements, A can be removed from the MAX phase by etching to obtain a Mxene two-dimensional nanomaterial. In specific embodiments of the present application, the Mxene (preferably Ti3C2T x ) has good absorption at near-infrared light and good photothermal performance, and the introduction of Mxene as a photothermal component enables the patch to have excellent photothermal performance, etc.

[0046] The electrothermal patch described in the present application can be referred to as a Mxene-doped ionogel patch, which has a certain tensile property and the like, and is not specially limited in shape, and can be applied as a wearable medical care product such as a skin tumor treatment patch and a wound healing patch.

[0047] Correspondingly, the present application provides a preparation method of the electrothermal patch as described above, comprising: doping and mixing Mxene nanosheet material with ionogel precursor containing polymer monomer and ionic liquid, and reacting under ultraviolet light irradiation in a mold to obtain the wearable electrothermal patch with transparency.

[0048] Referring to Figure 1 , Figure 1 is a flowchart for preparing the electrothermal patch according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0049] In embodiments of the present application, the Mxene nanosheet material is prepared by a hydrofluoric acid etching method, and specifically, the MAX phase material is treated with hydrofluoric acid (HF treatment) to obtain the Mxene nanosheet material. As a preferred embodiment, the Mxene nanosheet is Ti3C2T x nanosheet.

[0050] In addition, the polymer monomer is dissolved in the ionic liquid, and then the Mxene nanosheet is doped into the ionogel precursor and fully mixed. The polymer monomer is preferably acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AAM), and the mass ratio of the two substances is 1:1-5, preferably 1:2-3. Other proportions of polymer monomers can affect the transparency, etc.; in preferred embodiments, 0.54 g of acrylic acid and 1.5975 g of acrylamide are dissolved in a certain volume of ionic liquid. The ionic liquid is preferably a halogen-free imidazole ionic liquid, and more preferably 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate (EMIES).

[0051] The preparation method according to the embodiment of the application is specifically as follows: the polymer monomer is dissolved in an ionic liquid to obtain a homogeneous solution; the Mxene nanosheet material is dispersed in the ionic liquid and mixed with the homogeneous solution, and the doping concentration is preferably 0.1-1.0 mg / mL (relative to the total volume of the ionic liquid and the homogeneous solution); then a crosslinking agent and a photoinitiator are added to obtain a precursor solution (Mixed solution), which is poured into a mold (Mould) with a certain shape and size, and irradiated under ultraviolet light (for example, 365 nm laser, which is one of the wavelengths of ultraviolet light) for a certain time, with a vertical distance of irradiation of, for example, 5-20 cm, to obtain the electrothermal patch (Patch).

[0052] In the embodiment of the application, the concentrations of the added crosslinking agent and photoinitiator are independently 0.1-1.0 mol% respectively, and can both be 0.1 mol%. The crosslinking agent can be an acrylamide, for example, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide; the photoinitiator is mainly a free radical polymerization photoinitiator, and is preferably 2-hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone. In addition, the intensity of the ultraviolet light is not particularly limited, and can be 50-100 mW / cm 2 , preferably 50-60 mW / cm 2 , and the irradiation reaction is performed for 3-10 min, for example, 5 min, 6 min or 10 min. Similar therapeutic effects can be achieved by adjusting the irradiation intensity and the doping ratio.

[0053] The application also provides a use of the electrothermal patch as described above in the preparation of a wearable medical or health care device, and the parameters can be adjusted by controlling the power of the 808 nm laser and the input voltage of the patch.

[0054] The patch prepared according to the embodiment of the application has conductivity, transparency and photo-thermal performance, and the treatment parameters can be sensitively adjusted and the treatment process can be controlled by controlling the power of the 808 nm laser and the input voltage of the patch.

[0055] The use of the existing self-produced electro-patch for electrostimulation treatment requires high-performance equipment and a complex preparation process, which makes the cost relatively high. The new material patch prepared according to the embodiment of the application has good conductivity and transparency, and can realize electro-thermal synergistic treatment by simply applying an external current and light, and the heating condition of the skin during the treatment process can be observed in real time. In addition, the patch is simple and fast to prepare, and can be changed in shape at will by using different molds, and has certain stretchability, so that it can well fit the skin of a patient during the treatment process, and is beneficial to the application in medical patches.

[0056] In order to better understand the technical content of the present application, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the present application.

[0057] Mxene nanosheets were prepared by etching method, including: 1.0 g of LiF was completely dissolved in 10 mL of HCl solution (9 M) by stirring, and then Ti3AlC2 (0.5 g) was slowly added into the solution. It was heated in a water bath at 35℃ for 24 hours, and stirred at 400 rpm. Finally, the neutral solution was centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 0.5 hours, and the nanosheets were obtained by freeze-drying.

[0058] The remaining raw materials are commercially available. The mold size is 20 mm long, 10 mm wide, and 1 mm thick.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] 0.54 g of acrylic acid and 1.5975 g of acrylamide were dissolved in 2 mL of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole ethyl sulfate solution to obtain a homogeneous solution. A certain mass of Mxene powder (corresponding to a doping concentration of 0.8 mg / mL) was weighed and uniformly dispersed in 1.3 mL of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole ethyl sulfate solution, and the two solutions were mixed thoroughly. Then, a crosslinking agent N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (concentration of 0.1 mol%) and a photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (concentration of 0.1 mol%) were added to obtain a precursor solution. The precursor solution was poured into a mold, and irradiated under ultraviolet light (about 55 mW / cm 2 ) for 5 min to obtain a Mxene doped ionogel.

[0061] As shown in the SEM (scanning electron microscope) image, it can be observed that the surface of the patch is relatively flat. Figure 2 In the SEM spectrum and Figure 4 elemental scanning of Figure 3 , it is clearly shown that the Ti element is uniformly distributed in the ionogel, indicating that the Mxene is successfully doped in the ionogel.

[0062] The mass ratio of acrylic acid and acrylamide in some embodiments of the present application is 1:1-5, and the doped ionogel patch can be prepared. This embodiment is a relatively optimal monomer ratio; other ratios of polymerized monomers can affect the transparency and the like.

[0063] Examples 2-5

[0064] The doped ionogel patch was prepared according to the basically same operation of Example 1, and the difference is that the Mxene doping concentration is 0.2 mg / mL, 0.4 mg / mL, 0.6 mg / mL, and 1.0 mg / mL, respectively.

[0065] In addition, the undoped ionogel patch was used as a comparison.

[0066] Compared with the single ionogel patch, Ti3C2T x The doped patch has good ductility; the main reason is that Ti3C2T x After adding, the necessary interaction with the polymer network is formed through hydrogen bonds. From Figure 5 、 Figure 6 It can be seen that, with the increase of the doping amount of Ti3C2T x The elongation at break (see the inflection point of the stress-strain curve) and toughness of the ionogel patch are improved. Among them, the ionogel patch doped with Ti3C2T x The elongation at break of the ionogel patch doped with 0.8 mg / mL is 745%, and the stress at break is 5.75 MPa.

[0067] Example 6

[0068] The electrothermal patch prepared in the above examples was subjected to conventional tests such as photothermal performance.

[0069] Figure 7 The temperature of the gel containing 0.8 mg / mL Mxene under 0.5 W / cm 2 808 nm laser irradiation for 10 minutes; Figure 8 The temperature of the gel containing 0.8 mg / mL Mxene under different powers.

[0070] The photothermal performance of the patch after doping Mxene has been significantly improved. Under 808 nm laser irradiation for 10 min, the temperature of the patch gradually increases with the increase of the concentration of Mxene Figure 7 , which can be increased to about 65℃. At the same time, with the increase of the laser power, the spot temperature increases obviously Figure 8 . According to the doping amount of different Mxene, different temperatures can be obtained, and different temperatures correspond to different treatment effects.

[0071] Figure 9 The temperature cycle curve of the gel containing 0.8 mg / mL Mxene. Under 808 nm laser irradiation for 10 minutes for 5 times in a row, the patch still has excellent thermal stability. The following tests all use the gel patch containing 0.8 mg / mL Mxene.

[0072] Figure 10 、 Figure 11 The current-voltage curves and the current values of different concentrations of gel under 5V voltage, respectively. The current-voltage curves of the ionogel patch doped with different concentrations of Mxene were measured by an electrochemical workstation Figure 10), and the current value was recorded at 5V in multiple parallel experiments Figure 11 ), and the results showed that the current value gradually increased with the increase of the doping content of Mxene. The current value of the undoped (0 mg / mL) was the lowest.

[0073] The cell viability of B16F10 cells cultured for 24 hours (h) and 10 minutes (min) with different concentrations of gel extract (mg / mL) was detected by MTT assay (%). Figure 12 Figure 13 The cell viability of B16F10 cells cultured for 24 hours (h) and 10 minutes (min) with different concentrations of gel extract (mg / mL) was detected by MTT assay (%).

[0074] From Figure 12 It can be seen that when the concentration of the extract is 6 mg / mL, the B16F10 cells still maintain good cell viability.

[0075] Further detection of B16F10 cells incubated for 10 min in a higher concentration of patch extract ion culture medium (10-60 mg / mL) and then cultured for 24 h in normal culture medium showed that the cell survival rate of all cells was higher than 80%, indicating that the patch had good biocompatibility after 10 min of treatment. Figure 13

[0076] Currently, the patch is mainly used for melanoma treatment, and experiments are conducted on C57BL / 6J mice. There are 4 animals in each group (n=4), a total of 20 animals, the irradiation time is 10 minutes, and the current is about 120 mA. After comparing Control (without any treatment), Laser (only using 808 nm laser irradiation), PTS (applying the patch to the tumor and using laser irradiation), ES (applying the patch to the tumor and applying current to the tumor for treatment), and PES (applying the patch to the tumor and using laser irradiation and current treatment), it was found that the patch has good tumor inhibition effect under the combined treatment of electrical stimulation and photothermal therapy. See Figure 14 : Optical photographs of the treatment process of mice, the red circles indicate the tumor, and photographs of 0 day, 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days of each group are taken.

[0077] Figure 15 Tumor weight after 15 days of treatment: The tumor weight of each group after 15 days of treatment can be seen, and the tumor weight of the PES group is the smallest, indicating the best treatment effect. The patch has good tumor inhibition effect under the combined treatment of electrical stimulation and photothermal therapy.

[0078] Figure 16 The body weight of mice in each group did not decrease significantly during the treatment process, indicating that the systemic toxicity was low; the cluster analysis of standard blood biochemical indicators could not completely distinguish Figure 17 , indicating that the patch has good biological safety. ​​

[0079] In addition, as shown in Figure 18 The patch has a transparency of about 40%, and good skin adhesion.

[0080] From the above examples, the preparation process of the electrothermal patch includes: first, Mxene nanosheet material is prepared by etching method, then Mxene nanosheet is doped into ionogel precursor, mixed sufficiently, and reacted under 365nm laser to obtain the patch, which can be used for further skin cancer treatment. The patch is worn to adhere to the skin surface, has good electrical conductivity and photothermal performance, and the electrothermal patch has good optical transparency, can realize real-time and intuitive detection of melanoma treatment under the cooperation of electrical stimulation and photothermal treatment, and avoid skin overheating and burns; electrical stimulation combined with photothermal treatment can achieve good tumor ablation effect. In the application process, the size of the current passing through can be changed by inputting different voltages, and different treatment temperatures can be obtained by adjusting the 808nm laser irradiation power. When used, the current stimulation can be used in combination with photothermal treatment, multiple treatments, and combined stimulation to achieve cancer treatment effect. The electrothermal patch described in the application is simple and fast to prepare, the shape can be changed arbitrarily by different molds; and has certain stretchability, which can well fit the skin of the user during application.

[0081] The principles and implementation modes of the present application are described by applying specific examples in this paper, and the above examples are only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea. The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application. It should be pointed out that due to the limitation of language expression, there are infinite specific structures, and for ordinary skilled persons in the technical field, some improvements, refinements or changes can be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and the above technical features can be combined in a proper way; these improvements, refinements, changes or combinations, or the direct application of the inventive concept and technical scheme to other occasions without improvement, shall be regarded as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A wearable electrothermal patch, characterized in that, It includes an ionogel matrix and Mxene nanosheets doped therein; the ionogel matrix uses an ion liquid as a dispersion medium; the electrothermal patch is transparent; The ionic liquid is an imidazole-based halogen-free ionic liquid with an operable temperature range of 40–300°C; the polymer network of the ionic gel matrix is ​​formed by the reaction of acrylic acid, acrylamide, crosslinking agent N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, and photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-4′-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylphenylacetone.

2. The electrothermal patch according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Mxene nanosheets are Ti3C2T x Nanosheets.

3. The electrothermal patch according to claim 2, characterized in that, The Mxene nanosheets have a doping concentration of 0.1–1.0 mg / mL.

4. The electrothermal patch according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The ionic liquid is ethyl 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium sulfate.

5. The method for preparing the electrothermal patch according to any one of claims 1-4, comprising the following steps: Mxene nanosheets were doped and mixed with an ion gel precursor and reacted in a mold under ultraviolet light to obtain the wearable, transparent electrothermal patch. The ion gel precursor comprises a polymeric monomer and an ionic liquid; the polymeric monomer is acrylic acid and acrylamide.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The Mxene nanosheet material was prepared by hydrofluoric acid etching.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The molar ratio of the polymer monomers acrylic acid and acrylamide is 1:1 to 5.

8. The preparation method according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that, The preparation method specifically involves: dissolving the polymer monomer in an ionic liquid to obtain a homogeneous solution; dispersing Mxene nanosheet material in the ionic liquid and mixing it with the homogeneous solution; adding a crosslinking agent and a photoinitiator to obtain a precursor solution; pouring the precursor solution into a mold and irradiating it under ultraviolet light to react and obtain the electrothermal patch.

9. The preparation method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The intensity of the ultraviolet light is 50–100 mW / cm². 2 Irradiation reaction lasts 3–10 minutes.

10. The use of the electrothermal patch as described in any one of claims 1-4 in the manufacture of wearable medical or healthcare devices.

11. The application according to claim 10, characterized in that, The electrothermal patch is used as a skin tumor treatment patch or a wound healing patch; the parameters are adjustable by controlling the power of the 808nm laser and the input voltage of the patch.

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