A growing system for regulating light for multiple stages of a plant's life cycle

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of planting systems of regulating the light of multiple stages of plant growth cycle, system includes stage detection module, calculation module and environment module;Stage detection module is used to determine plant growth stage information;Environment module includes temperature control unit, humidity unit and light unit;Wherein, calculation module is based on plant growth stage information by leaf shading coefficient calculates the actual light intensity absorbed by plant photosynthesis and the light intensity emitted by light unit needs to emit, and control light unit has the different leaf distribution characteristics of the stage where plant is located Adjustment light amount emitted by light unit, so that the light amount of plant under current stage meets the growth demand, to shorten the growth cycle of plant.The leaf shading coefficient introduced in the present application establishes the actual light intensity value absorbed by plant, whereby the light intensity emitted by automatic control light unit or other light emitting equipment can let the light amount of plant reach target value.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of plant factory, and particularly relates to a planting system for regulating light in multiple stages of plant growth cycle. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rise of plant factory, modern agriculture realizes rapid cultivation of plants, greatly improves the yield of crops, improves the resource utilization rate, and does not cause environmental pollution. The plant factory configures the required nutrient solution, light and other conditions according to the growth needs of plants, and the nutrient solution, light and other conditions in the plant factory need to change with the growth of plants. The adjustment process requires complex operation and high labor cost. Because the size of leaves, chlorophyll content, light receiving area, plant spacing, leaf shading, leaf overlapping area and other factors are different when plants are in different growth stages, the plants cannot completely absorb the light emitted by the light unit or other light emitting devices, and part of the light amount is directly irradiated on the ground without being absorbed by the plants, so that the light amount received by the plants cannot reach the target value or even differ greatly from the target value, which affects the growth cycle of the plants. Therefore, a planting system is needed which can shorten the growth cycle of plants by controlling the irradiation parameters of the light unit according to the different characteristics of the multiple stages of the plant growth cycle in the plant factory environment.

[0003] Chinese patent CN104302062B discloses a light control system and method of intelligent plant factory applying multi-color LED. The light control system calculates the light power ratio of multiple light colors by detecting the light power of different light color LED plant lamps, calculates and sends a light control signal according to the light power ratio of multiple light color LED plant lamps and the preset reference light power ratio, and controls the light power of different light color LED plant lamps so that the light power ratio of multiple light colors matches the reference light power ratio to meet the light demand of plants in different growth stages. The light power of multiple light color LED plant lamps is continuously and real-time detected online, and the light power of multiple light color LED plant lamps is adjusted in combination with the light demand of plants in different growth stages, so that the plants in the plant factory are in the best growth state, and the energy utilization rate of the plant factory is improved and the energy is saved. The above patent adjusts the light demand of plants in different growth stages by adjusting the light power ratio of different light color LED lamps, and the main consideration is the adjustment of the power ratio of red light and blue light of plants, and the problem of the change of the actual light amount of plants caused by the leaf area index, chlorophyll content, light receiving area, plant spacing, leaf shading, leaf overlapping area and other factors is not considered, which leads to that the plant growth environment created is not the best growth state for plants, and the growth cycle of plants is prolonged.

[0004] Furthermore, on the one hand, there are differences in understanding among those skilled in the art; on the other hand, the inventors studied a large number of documents and patents when making this invention, but due to space limitations, not all details and contents were listed in detail. However, this does not mean that the present invention does not possess the features of these prior art. On the contrary, the present invention already possesses all the features of the prior art, and the applicant reserves the right to add relevant prior art to the background art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In existing technologies, plant illumination is typically controlled by adjusting the light intensity emitted by the illumination unit 303 or other light-emitting devices. However, as plants undergo changes at different growth stages, factors such as leaf area, chlorophyll content, light-receiving area, plant spacing, leaf shading, and leaf overlap constantly shift. This can lead to plants not fully absorbing the light emitted by the illumination unit or other light-emitting devices, resulting in some light directly hitting the ground without being absorbed. Consequently, the plant's light intake may fall short of the target value or even deviate significantly from it, impacting the plant's growth cycle. For example, wheat in its vegetative stage should receive 150–250 μmol·m⁻² light. -2 ·s -1 Existing technologies typically control the light intensity emitted by the illumination unit or other light-emitting devices directly within the range of 150–250 μmol·m⁻². -2 ·s -1 However, the gaps between wheat plants and between leaves mean that wheat does not fully absorb the light emitted by the light-emitting unit. A quarter or even a third of the light shines through these gaps into the empty areas of the cultivation trough, resulting in the wheat's actual light intake falling short of the target value, thus affecting its growth and development. To address this, the leaf shading coefficient introduced in this invention establishes the actual light intensity absorbed by the plant. This allows for automatic control of the light intensity emitted by the light-emitting unit or other light-emitting devices, ensuring the plant's light intake reaches the target value. Furthermore, since the wheat's plant height, leaf area, and chlorophyll content continuously increase during the vegetative stage, the light intensity emitted by the light-emitting unit or other light-emitting devices is dynamically adjusted in real time, rather than remaining constant after reaching a single light intensity as in existing technologies.

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the technical scheme of the present application provides a planting system for regulating light in multiple stages of the growth cycle of plants, which comprises a stage detection module, a calculation module and an environment module; the stage detection module is used to determine plant growth stage information; the environment module comprises a light unit. The calculation module calculates the actual light intensity absorbed by photosynthesis of plants and the light intensity emitted by the light unit based on the plant growth stage information through a leaf shading coefficient, and controls the light unit to adjust the amount of light emitted by the light unit according to the different leaf distribution characteristics of the stage in which the plant is located, so that the light received by the plant in the current stage meets the growth requirements, thereby shortening the growth cycle of the plant.

[0007] According to a preferred embodiment, the system further comprises a light absorption plate arranged in the cultivation tank, which is used to detect the remaining light amount after absorption by photosynthesis of plants under irradiation of the light unit, and the calculation module calculates the leaf shading coefficient based on the remaining light amount detected by the light absorption plate and the light amount emitted by the light unit, and the formula is:

[0008]

[0009] In the above formula, Q1 represents the light amount emitted by the light unit, Q2 represents the remaining light amount detected by the light absorption plate, and ε represents the leaf shading coefficient.

[0010] According to a preferred embodiment, the calculation module at least obtains a change curve of the leaf shading coefficient based on a single cultivation process of the plant, and uses the change curve for the next or several cultivation processes to adjust the light amount emitted by the light unit.

[0011] According to a preferred embodiment, the leaf shading coefficient changes with the change of the growth stage of the plant.

[0012] According to a preferred embodiment, the irradiation parameters at least include light intensity, photoperiod and light quality ratio, and the calculation module at least dynamically adjusts the irradiation parameters of the light unit based on the following formula,

[0013] x(s, H) = y(Q, T, P)

[0014] Q3 = Q x ε

[0015] In the above formula, S represents the growth stage of the current plant, H represents the environmental parameters in the current growth environment, Q represents the required light intensity of the plant, T represents the required photoperiod of the plant, P represents the required light quality ratio of the plant, and Q3 represents the light amount required to be emitted by the light unit in the stage.

[0016] S, H, Q, T, P in the above formula are set, modified or saved by the environment module before multi-stage cultivation of the plant.

[0017] According to a preferred embodiment, the environment module further comprises a temperature control unit and a humidity unit. The environmental parameters in the current growth environment at least include: the environmental temperature detected by the temperature control unit; the soil humidity detected by the humidity unit; and the hydroponic parameters derived by the environment module based on the environmental temperature, the soil humidity and the growth stage of the current plant. The hydroponic parameters include the formula and the proportion of the nutrient solution in the growth stage of the current plant.

[0018] According to a preferred embodiment, the calculation module calculates the amount of light required to be emitted by the light unit in the current stage of the plant based on the current stage of the plant and the required light intensity in the current stage, through the established change curve of the leaf shading coefficient, so that the light amount of the plant in the current stage reaches the target value.

[0019] According to a preferred embodiment, the stage detection module at least monitors the leaf of the plant based on the visual sensor to obtain the current leaf area index of the plant, which is used as a detection parameter for representing the growth stage of the plant, and the growth stage of the plant is determined by the calculation module based on the size of the leaf area index.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment, the stage detection module further obtains the current chlorophyll content of the plant based on the digital image processing technology, which can be used for correcting the growth stage of the plant.

[0021] According to a preferred embodiment, the environment module selects the light intensity before light irradiation; when the plant is in the seedling stage, the light period is 12≤T≤15, and the light quality proportion is controlled to be red:blue=3-5:1; when the plant is in the nutrition stage, the light period is 14≤T≤20, and the light quality proportion is controlled to be white:red light:blue light=0.5-1.0:0-1.0:0.0-0.5; when the plant is in the reproductive stage, the light period is 16≤T≤20, and the light quality proportion is controlled to be white:red light:blue light=0.5-1.0:0-1.0:0.0-0.5.

[0022] The beneficial technical effects of the present application are:

[0023] The leaf shading coefficient introduced by the present application establishes the actual light intensity value absorbed by the plant, thereby automatically controlling the light intensity emitted by the light unit or the remaining light emitting device to enable the light receiving amount of the plant to reach the target value, and since the plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll content of the wheat are in a state of continuous increase during the vegetative stage, the light intensity emitted by the light unit or the remaining light emitting device is also dynamically feedback regulated in real time, rather than being kept unchanged after reaching a single light intensity as in the prior art, thereby saving labor costs, realizing automatic breeding, automatically adjusting the growth, reproductive development and morphological development of the plant, shortening the growth cycle and improving the quality, so as to reduce energy consumption and costs. The present application creatively proposes to take the leaf shading coefficient as an important parameter in the growth process of the plant, and adjust the light amount emitted by the light unit according to the different leaf distribution characteristics of the plant in different stages, so that the light receiving amount of the plant reaches the target value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a block flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the planting system for regulating the light of multiple stages of the growth cycle of the plant of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the cultivation tank of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the cultivation tank of the present application affected by the light receiving amount after the growth of the plant.

[0027] LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0028] 1: stage detection module; 2: calculation module; 3: environment module; 4: planting basket; 5: cultivation tank; 6: light absorption plate; 301: temperature control unit; 302: humidity unit; 303: light unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] The application relates to a planting system for regulating light in multiple stages of a plant growth cycle, the system comprising a stage detection module 1, a calculation module 2 and an environment module 3. The stage detection module 1 is used to determine plant growth stage information. The environment module 3 comprises a temperature control unit 301, a humidity unit 302 and a light unit 303. The calculation module 2 calculates the actual light intensity absorbed by photosynthesis of the plant and the light intensity emitted by the light unit 303 based on the plant growth stage information through a leaf shading coefficient, and controls the light unit 303 to adjust the light intensity emitted by the light unit 303 according to the different leaf distribution characteristics of the plant in the stage, so that the light intensity received by the plant in the current stage meets the growth requirements, thereby shortening the growth cycle of the plant. Since the light intensity received by the plant in different growth stages is affected by the area of the leaves and / or the chlorophyll content, the light intensity emitted by the light unit 303 is not necessarily equal to the light intensity absorbed by the plant. To this end, the application introduces a leaf shading coefficient to calculate the actual light intensity of the plant, and dynamically controls the irradiation parameters of the light unit 303 based on the leaf shading coefficient, so that the plant in each stage is in the best growth environment, the growth cycle of the plant is shortened, and rapid yield increase and harvesting of the plant are realized. The irradiation parameters of the light unit 303 can be dynamically adjusted through the detected leaf shading coefficient, without consuming additional human resources, and the automatic cultivation of the plant factory is realized. Compared with artificial cultivation, the device has the functions of detection and management, and realizes real-time control of the plant in multiple stages of environment.

[0032] According to a preferred embodiment, the system further comprises a light absorption plate 6 arranged in the cultivation tank, the light absorption plate 6 being used to detect the remaining light intensity after photosynthesis of the plant under irradiation of the light unit 303, and the calculation module 2 calculates the leaf shading coefficient based on the remaining light intensity detected by the light absorption plate 6 and the light intensity emitted by the light unit 303, and the formula is as follows:

[0033]

[0034] In the above formula, Q1 represents the light amount emitted by the light unit 303, Q2 represents the remaining light amount detected by the light absorption plate 6, and ε represents the leaf shading coefficient. The light amount emitted by the light unit 303 is the emitted light intensity, the light amount absorbed by the plant photosynthesis is the actual light intensity, and the light amount absorbed by the light absorption plate 6 is the remaining light intensity. The present application obtains the light absorption amount of the light absorption plate 6 in real time by arranging the light absorption plate 6 in the plant cultivation tank, and obtains the actual light absorption amount of the plant by subtracting the light absorption amount of the light absorption plate 6 (or the light absorption amount) from the light amount emitted by the light unit 303. The ratio of the actual light absorption amount of the plant to the light amount emitted by the light unit 303 is the leaf shading coefficient of the plant. It reflects the light amount that the plant can absorb under the current light intensity. Based on the obtained leaf shading coefficient, the light intensity value emitted by the light unit 303 is controlled in combination with the current leaf shading coefficient of the plant, so as to control the light absorption amount of the plant in real time and make it meet the best cultivation requirements, thereby shortening the growth cycle of the plant, improving the quality, reducing the energy consumption and cost, and realizing the rapid yield increase and harvest of the plant. The leaf shading coefficient represents the actual light absorption amount of the plant and can reflect the light absorption capacity of the plant at the current stage. It should be noted that the light amount, light intensity, light absorption amount and light intensity value in the present application all refer to photon flux. The light absorption plate 6 can be made of glass or other light-transmitting materials, and a light probe (or a thermocouple, a phototube, etc.) is arranged inside the light absorption plate 6 to detect the light absorption amount of the light absorption plate 6, so as to ensure the accuracy of the photon flux detection. The measurement methods of the photon flux of the light unit 303 and the light absorption plate 6 include PAR, PPF and PPFD methods. PPF measures the total amount of light generated by a light source per second. That is, the standard photon flux emitted by a light source per second. PPF measures the “photosynthetic photons emitted by the lighting system per second”. The measurement is expressed in “micromoles per second”. However, PPF cannot measure how much light is irradiated on the plant. PPFD can measure the light reaching a certain surface. Photosynthetic photon flux density or PPFD measures the actual light amount reaching the plant, that is, the number of photons per second on a given surface.

[0035] In the prior art, the light intensity emitted by the light unit 303 or other light-emitting devices is usually controlled to irradiate the plant. However, due to different factors such as leaf size, leaf number, chlorophyll content, light absorption area, plant spacing, leaf shading, and leaf overlapping area at different growth stages of the plant, the plant cannot completely absorb the light emitted by the light unit 303 or other light-emitting devices, and part of the light amount is directly irradiated on the ground without being absorbed by the plant, so that the light absorption amount of the plant cannot reach the target value or even greatly deviates from the target value, which affects the growth cycle of the plant. For example, the light absorption amount of wheat at the nutrient stage should be 150-250 μmol·m -2 ·s -1and the prior art generally controls the light intensity emitted by the light unit 303 or the remaining light emitting device directly to 150-250 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 However, the gaps between the wheat plants and the gaps between the leaves make the wheat not completely absorb the light emitted by the light unit 303, and one fourth or even one third of the light is irradiated on the blank area of the cultivation tank through the above gaps, resulting in that the actual light amount of the wheat cannot reach the target value, thereby affecting the growth and development of the wheat. In view of this, the leaf shading coefficient introduced in the present application establishes the actual light intensity value absorbed by the plant, so that the automatic control of the light intensity emitted by the light unit 303 or the remaining light emitting device can make the light amount of the plant reach the target value, and since the plant height, leaf area and chlorophyll content of the wheat in the nutrient stage are in a state of continuous increase, the light intensity emitted by the light unit 303 or the remaining light emitting device is also dynamically feedback regulated in real time, rather than being kept unchanged after reaching a single light intensity as in the prior art, thereby realizing the intelligent cultivation of the plant and reducing the workload of the staff. The setting mode of the intelligent plant factory can adjust the growth and development process of the plant, shorten the growth cycle of the plant, and reduce the energy consumption and cost of the factory under the premise of improving the quality.

[0036] In the present application, the plant coverage is the range covered by the leaves of the plant, and the leaf coverage range gradually increases during the growth process of the plant. The plant coverage is a variable related to time and a variable related to the ratio of leaf area to leaf gap area. In view of this, the leaf shading coefficient is introduced in the present application to establish the light intensity value absorbed by the plant. In the present application, the leaf shading coefficient refers to the ratio of the actual light intensity absorbed by the plant photosynthesis to the light intensity emitted by the light unit 303 under the condition that the light unit 303 provides a certain light intensity. The light intensity is a variable related to time, the leaf shading coefficient and the plant coverage. Considering that only studying the light intensity emitted by the light unit 303 is not sufficient to accurately evaluate the light amount of the plant, the present application creatively proposes to take the leaf shading coefficient as an important parameter in the growth process of the plant, and adjusts the light amount emitted by the light unit 303 according to the different leaf distribution characteristics of the plant in different stages, so that the light amount of the plant reaches the target value.

[0037] According to a preferred embodiment, the calculation module 2 obtains the change curve of the leaf shading coefficient of the plant based on at least one single cultivation process of the plant, and uses the change curve for the next or several cultivation processes to adjust the light amount emitted by the light unit 303. The present application can adjust the light amount emitted by the light unit 303 by detecting the change curve of the leaf shading coefficient of the plant along the time axis during the single cultivation process of the plant, and using the curve as a reference curve for the subsequent cultivation of the plant for the next or several cultivation processes, so that the light amount of the plant is within the target value range. For the same batch of cultivated plants, due to the limitation of the size of the site, too many plants cannot be cultivated at the same time. The change curve of the leaf shading coefficient calculated by the calculation module 2 can be used for calibration during the cultivation process of the same batch of plants (or different batches, but the same type of plants). If the change curve of the leaf shading coefficient of the currently cultivated plant deviates from the reference curve during the cultivation process, it may be that the environmental parameters inside the cultivation tank 5 change or the plant is infested with pests. Therefore, by comparing the differences between the reference curve and the change curve of the leaf shading coefficient of the currently cultivated plant, an early warning of the abnormal situation encountered by the plant in the cultivation tank 5 can be given, so as to remind the staff to repair or replace the equipment. The deviation threshold between the two curves is determined by the type of the plant.

[0038] According to a preferred embodiment, the leaf shading coefficient changes with the growth stage of the plant. The leaf shading coefficient reflects the leaf area index and the chlorophyll content of the plant, and its essence is to reflect the light absorption capacity of the plant at the current time. With the change of the growth stage of the plant, the leaf shading coefficient also changes

[0039] According to a preferred embodiment, the illumination parameters at least include: light intensity, photoperiod and light quality ratio, wherein the calculation module 2 dynamically adjusts the illumination parameters of the light unit 303 based on at least the following formula,

[0040] x(S, H) = y(Q, T, P)

[0041] Q3 = Q x ε

[0042] In the above formula, S represents the growth stage of the current plant, H represents the environmental parameters in the current growth environment, Q represents the required light intensity of the plant, T represents the required photoperiod of the plant, P represents the required light quality ratio of the plant, and Q3 represents the required light amount of the light unit 303 at this stage.

[0043] In the above formula, S, H, Q, T and P are set, modified or saved by the environment module 3 before the multi-stage cultivation of the plant.

[0044] According to a preferred embodiment, the environmental parameters in the current growing environment include at least: the environmental temperature detected by the temperature control unit 301; the soil humidity detected by the humidity unit 302; and the aeroponics parameters derived by the environmental module 3 based on the environmental temperature, the soil humidity and the current growth stage of the plant. The aeroponics parameters include the formula and the proportion of the nutrient solution for the current growth stage of the plant. It should be noted that the present application takes wheat as an example to explain the parameters and stages, and does not mean that the present application can be used for the cultivation of other plants, such as rice.

[0045] Preferably, in the seed soaking and sowing before the seedling stage, the environmental parameters should be maintained within the following ranges:

[0046] Seed soaking: soak the wheat seeds in water at 20-50°C for 8-24 hours.

[0047] Sowing: sow the seeds after water absorption and white appearance into a 72-hole plug tray, and part of the grass charcoal substrate needs to be laid in the plug tray before sowing the seeds. After sowing, fill the hole with grass charcoal, level it, and then wet the plug tray with water. The plug tray can provide a dark environment or be placed in the dark to wait for the seedling emergence, during which the temperature is controlled at 14-16°C and the substrate humidity is controlled at 60-90%.

[0048] Preferably, in the seedling stage, the environmental parameters should be maintained within the following ranges:

[0049] The plug tray is transferred to an environment that can receive light by artificial or mechanical action, and the lighting unit 303 is used to provide at least part or all of the light source for the wheat. Further, the lighting unit 303 is configured to be able to adjust multiple light parameters. The lighting parameters of the lighting unit 303 are determined by the current growth stage of the plant and the environmental parameters in the current growing environment. In this stage, the wheat is in the seedling stage. The temperature control unit 301 receives the growth stage information of the current plant (seedling stage) and controls the temperature at 15-18°C. The humidity unit 302 receives the growth stage information of the current plant (seedling stage) and controls the substrate humidity at 60-80%. In this stage, the aeroponics parameters are zero. That is, S = seedling stage, H = (15-18°C, 60-80%, 0). After the environmental parameters detected by the plant growth stage change detection module 1 are stable, the environmental module 3 receives the control signal, and controls the illumination parameters such as the light intensity Q of the plant based on Q3 = Q x ε at 80-120 μmol·m -2 ·s -1, the light quality ratio P is red:blue = 3-5:1. Under this environment, the plant is cultured for 7-10 days, so that the wheat height is between 5-15 cm. The temperature of the present application should refer to the environmental temperature related to at least the growth of the wheat, and the substrate humidity should refer to the humidity of the substrate in which the wheat is located. When the wheat height is between 5-15 cm, the stage detection module 1 judges that the wheat enters the vegetative stage.

[0050] Preferably, during the vegetative stage, the environmental parameters should be maintained within the following ranges:

[0051] The wheat is transplanted from the plug to the planting basket, and then the planting basket is placed in the cultivation tank 5. The planting basket 4 is circular, with an inner diameter of 3.0-5.0 cm, an outer diameter of 4.0-7.0 cm, and a height of 3.0-7.0 cm. At this stage, the wheat is in the vegetative stage. The temperature control unit 301 receives the growth stage information of the current plant (vegetative stage) and controls the temperature at 15-25°C. The humidity unit 302 receives the growth stage information of the current plant (vegetative stage) and controls the substrate humidity at 60%-75%. The hydroponic parameters are not zero at this stage. The hydroponic parameters include: the way of generating atomized liquid towards the wheat to supplement the required substances for the wheat, the liquid raw material used is a mixed liquid based on the Hoagland nutrient solution formula, which is modified by adding 3.0-4.0 g of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate per 100 L of nutrient solution, controlling the nutrient solution EC value between 3.5-6.0, and controlling the pH value between 5.5-6.5. During the hydroponic process, the hydroponic device also needs to control the size of the water droplet atomization particles to be between 5 microns-0.5 millimeters, and it is started once every 1-2 hours, and each time it works for 5-10 minutes. That is, S = vegetative stage, H = (15-25°C, 60%-75%, 1). After the environmental parameters detected by the plant growth stage change detection module 1 are stable, the environmental module 3 receives the control signal, and based on Q3 = Q x ε, the illumination parameters to which the plant is subjected, for example, the light intensity Q required by the plant, is controlled at 150-250 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , the light period T is controlled at 14-20 hours, the light quality ratio P is controlled at white:red light:blue light = 0.5-1.0:0-1.0:0.0-0.5; the carbon dioxide concentration is controlled at 500-700 ppm during the light period of the light unit 303, and is controlled at 300-450 ppm during the dark period. This stage is cultured until the wheat is in the booting stage, and the stage detection module 1 judges that the wheat enters the reproductive stage.

[0052] Preferably, during the reproductive stage, the environmental parameters should be maintained within the following ranges:

[0053] After the first ear of wheat is extracted, the wheat is in the reproductive stage at this stage. The temperature control unit 301 receives the growth stage information of the current plant (reproductive stage) and controls the temperature at 25-30°C. The humidity unit 302 receives the growth stage information of the current plant (reproductive stage) and controls the substrate humidity at 60%-70%, and the misting parameter is not zero at this stage. The misting parameter includes: the way of generating atomized liquid to the wheat to supplement the required substances for the wheat, the liquid raw material used is a mixed liquid based on the Hoagland nutrient solution formula, the mixed liquid additionally adds 3.0-4.0 g of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate and 2.0 g-5.0 g of sodium tetraborate per 100 L of nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution EC value is controlled between 3.5-6.0 and the pH value is controlled between 5.5-7.0. In the misting process, the misting device also needs to control the size of the water droplet atomization particles to be between 5 microns-0.5 millimeters, start once every 1-2 hours, and work for 5-10 minutes each time. That is, S=reproductive stage, H=(25-30°C, 60%-70%, 2) After the environmental parameters detected by the plant growth stage change detection module 1 are stable, the environmental module 3 receives the control signal, and based on Q3=Q x ε, the illumination parameters such as the light intensity Q required by the plant are controlled at 250-400 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 , the photoperiod T is controlled at 16-20 hours, the light quality ratio P is controlled at white: red light: blue light=0.5-1.0: 0-1.0: 0.0-0.5; the carbon dioxide concentration is controlled at 600-1000 ppm during the light period of the light unit 303, and is controlled at 300-450 ppm during the dark period.

[0054] The stage detection module 1 is used to determine the stage of the wheat, which can also be manually determined after the current growth state of the wheat is selected to switch the working parameters of each component. After the above configuration, through the control of the misting parameters, environmental parameters and illumination parameters in the plant factory environment, the wheat is realized to have an ear after 28 days of planting, and to bloom after 32 days of heading, and the wheat is harvested after 70 days, which shortens the original 160-180 days of growth cycle by about 2 / 3.

[0055] According to a preferred embodiment, the calculation module 2 also adjusts the light period of the light unit 303 based on the total light intensity required by the plant at the current stage and the leaf shading coefficient. The total light intensity required by the plant at the current stage is certain, and in the case that the light intensity emitted by the light unit 303 or the remaining light-emitting devices at the current time is adjusted in real time by the feedback of the leaf shading coefficient of the plant, the light period of the light unit 303 should also be adjusted by the feedback of the total light intensity and the leaf shading coefficient, so that the total light amount of the plant at the current stage reaches the target value. The adjustment of the light intensity of the light unit 303 may have a delay, and the short-time change (or instantaneous change) of the leaf shading coefficient is difficult to make the actual light amount curve of the plant consistent with the change curve of the leaf shading coefficient through the short-time adjustment (or instantaneous adjustment) of the light unit 303, which also leads to that the total light intensity of the plant cannot be calculated by the light intensity emitted by the light unit 303 at each time, and there is an error due to the delay of the adjustment. In this regard, the present application adjusts the light period of the light unit 303 to make up for the error. The short-time change (or instantaneous change) of the leaf shading coefficient may be caused by the natural stretching of the plant or the external factors that make the leaves of the plant relax or shrink or shake, so that the leaves overlap at this moment, causing the change of the leaf shading shadow, the overlapping area of the leaves, etc., thereby causing the short-time change (or instantaneous change) of the leaf shading coefficient. In this case, the calculation module 2 calculates the actual total light amount of the plant by differentiation based on the change curve of the leaf shading coefficient, and adjusts the light period of the light unit 303 on the same day based thereon, so that the total light amount of the plant reaches the target value, thereby making the plant grow in the best state.

[0056] According to a preferred embodiment, the calculation module 2 calculates the actual total light intensity of the plant based on the curve of the leaf shading coefficient to avoid the delay of the light unit 303 in adjusting the light intensity. The delay refers to that when the leaf shading coefficient changes suddenly, the light unit 303 needs a certain response time and adjustment time to adjust the light intensity to the required light intensity after the change of the leaf shading coefficient, which is the delay. The short-time change refers to that the leaf shading coefficient changes twice or more times in a short time, so that the light unit 303 needs to adjust to the corresponding light intensity again. Specifically, the calculation module 2 adjusts the photoperiod of the light unit 303 based on at least the short-time change of the leaf shading coefficient. The required total light intensity of the plant per day in each stage is a constant value. The light unit 303 needs to emit light intensity which changes with the change of the leaf shading coefficient in this stage. However, the curve of the leaf shading coefficient may rise or fall suddenly, for example, the external factors (natural wind) make the leaves shake, and under the influence of the factors, the leaf shading, the overlapping area of the leaves and other factors change, which causes the short-time change of the leaf shading coefficient. The short-time change may also have a callback, that is, it may return to the normal curve after the short-time change. Preferably, the calculation module 2 calculates the actual total light intensity of the plant in this stage and this day according to the curve of the leaf shading coefficient to eliminate the callback effect of the short-time change, and adjusts the photoperiod of the light unit 303 accordingly, so that the total light intensity of the plant meets the target value. The adjustment of the light intensity emitted by the light unit 303 in this stage is not instantaneous, and the adjustment needs a certain time, and the adjustment is linear adjustment. For example, the emitted light intensity is linearly increased or decreased to the target value. The adjustment needs several seconds or even dozens of seconds, and if the leaf shading coefficient returns to the normal curve in this period of time, the light unit 303 needs to adjust the light intensity emitted in this stage to the normal value. Therefore, the actual light intensity of the plant in this period of time is difficult to calculate by the light intensity emitted by the light unit 303. The total light intensity of the plant in this stage and this day has a short-time error, which causes the total light intensity to not meet the target value, thereby affecting the growth and development of the plant. The callback refers to that when the leaves are affected by the short-time external factors, the leaf shading coefficient changes in a short time, and after the change, the leaf shading coefficient returns to the normal value, but the change causes the change of the light intensity.

[0057] Therefore, the present application calculates the actual total light intensity of the plant in this stage and this day according to the curve of the leaf shading coefficient, and adjusts the photoperiod of the light unit 303 accordingly, so that the total light intensity of the plant meets the target value. Preferably, the calculation of the total light intensity is that the light intensity emitted by the light unit 303 is multiplied by the light time. And the light intensity emitted by the light unit 303 is equal to the required light intensity of the plant multiplied by the leaf shading coefficient, and for this, the calculation of the total light intensity can be converted to: the required light intensity of the plant multiplied by the leaf shading coefficient multiplied by the light time, and the formula is as follows:

[0058] Q 总 = Q x ε x t

[0059] The leaf-shading change curve of the present application is the curve of the leaf-shading coefficient on the time axis. In this regard, the leaf-shading coefficient is differentiated, and the value of the leaf-shading coefficient multiplied by the light time is obtained, thereby calculating the total light intensity of the plant on that day at that stage. The formula is:

[0060] Q 总 = Q x dε

[0061] It should be noted that the total light intensity calculated by the above method is error-free, because it is the total light intensity obtained by directly calculating the change of the leaf-shading coefficient of the plant. The total light intensity calculated in this way can determine the photoperiod of the light unit 303. When the calculated total light intensity reaches the target value, the photoperiod of the light unit 303 ends. If the calculated total light intensity is lower than the target value, the light unit 303 continues to irradiate. The present application calculates the total light intensity of the plant on that day at that stage based on the change curve of the leaf-shading coefficient, eliminates the error caused by the sudden change of the light amount due to the sudden change of the leaf-shading coefficient, and makes the total light intensity of the plant within the target value range. Preferably, the change curve of the leaf-shading coefficient is also used to judge the abnormal situation of the plant growth dynamics. In the case where the change curve of the leaf-shading coefficient is different from the pre-stored reference curve, the calculation module 2 sends a warning signal to let the staff judge the abnormal situation of the plant growth dynamics. The calculation module 2 will record the leaf-shading coefficient change event related to time. In this way, the warning can timely detect the occurrence of abnormal situations and reduce the data transmission amount.

[0062] According to a preferred embodiment, the stage detection module 1 monitors the leaves of the plant based on the visual sensor at least to obtain the current leaf area index of the plant, the leaf area index as a detection parameter representing the growth stage of the plant, and the result processing unit determines the growth stage of the plant based on the size of the leaf area index. The leaf area index refers to the total area of the plant leaves per unit area of land. In the present application, the leaf area index is a dynamic indicator of plant development. The leaf area index can also determine the growth of the plant, for example, as an important indicator of plant photosynthesis, transpiration and various plant physiological processes, to monitor the growth of the plant during cultivation and take targeted cultivation measures. Preferably, the visual sensor obtains image information of the plant and establishes a relationship model between the image leaf area index and the leaf area index of the plant based on image processing technology, thereby obtaining the current leaf area index of the plant in real time. Through image processing technology, the efficiency of obtaining the leaf area index is improved. Preferably, for the test plant with various complex backgrounds, the data obtained by image processing can be compared and fitted with the leaf area index data measured by direct measurement method to establish a model for the plant in this background. The establishment of a new model can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of the leaf area index of the plant, and when the leaf area index is detected again in this background, the new model can be directly called, saving a lot of calculation time. Only the leaf area index detected by direct measurement method as calibration group data is needed to establish the new model for the first time, reducing the calculation error and improving the scientific index of plant cultivation.

[0063] According to a preferred embodiment, the stage detection module 1 also obtains the current chlorophyll content of the corresponding plant based on digital image processing technology. Preferably, the stage detection module 1 at least acquires images of the plant through the camera and obtains the current chlorophyll content of the corresponding plant based on digital image processing technology. The chlorophyll content can be used to verify the growth stage of the plant.

[0064] According to a preferred embodiment, the stage detection module 1 obtains at least one parameter related to the current state of the plant, and obtains another parameter different from the above-mentioned parameter related to the current state of the plant, combines the quantitative analysis of the obtained parameters, and determines whether a conclusion about the current growth stage of the plant can be drawn. If yes, the current plant growth stage information is output. If no, another different parameter related to the current state of the plant is continuously obtained for further quantitative analysis until a conclusion about the current growth stage of the plant can be drawn. The above-mentioned parameters include at least leaf area index, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, leaf shape, leaf color, growth direction, emergence height, heading condition, carbon dioxide emission, light absorption parameter, plant height, plant morphology, plant spacing, leaf shading, leaf overlapping area, starch deposition, plant color, plant special features, and plant special tissue morphology. The present application is particularly suitable for determining the growth stage of the plant based on the leaf area index and the chlorophyll content. The leaf area index can be used as a basic indicator for determining the growth stage of the plant, and the chlorophyll content can be used as a calibration indicator. The specific measurement method of the chlorophyll content is as follows: obtaining an image of the plant to be measured by a visual sensor or other scanning device; and detecting the chlorophyll content based on various color features in the obtained image. There is a strong correlation between the chlorophyll content and the spectral characteristics of the leaf, and non-destructive detection of the chlorophyll by hyperspectral imaging technology is conducive to the establishment of a plant model. For wheat, different growth stages of the wheat have different chlorophyll content characteristics. When the wheat seeds are soaked and sown, the chlorophyll content is zero.

[0065] According to a preferred embodiment, the chlorophyll content is also used for the adjustment of the mist culture parameters by the environment module 3. As the most important pigment in the process of photosynthesis of plants, the detection of chlorophyll not only determines the current stage of the plant, but also detects the photosynthesis efficiency of the plant and the nitrogen content of the plant. The photosynthesis efficiency and the nitrogen content can guide the scientific fertilization and cultivation of the plant, thereby improving the yield and quality of the plant, and are also important indicators of the physiological state of the plant. The chlorophyll content directly affects the efficiency of photosynthesis of the plant and the accumulation of organic matter. When the chlorophyll content of the plant shows negative fluctuations, it indicates that unexpected changes have occurred in the growth process of the plant, such as environmental changes. When the chlorophyll content decreases, the mist culture parameters can be adjusted to stop the decreasing trend.

[0066] It should be noted that the detection principle of the present application for the chlorophyll content of the plant is that each pixel on the obtained plant leaf image is composed of different three-channel values, and the value range of the three color feature values is 0-255. First, the image is filtered and denoised, and the filtering and denoising method includes using an 8-connected region as a filtering window (for determining the image segmentation method, the image monochrome histogram and the gray histogram can be intuitively compared). The present application uses an improved Ostu adaptive threshold segmentation method to segment the image, and the Ostu method can distinguish the foreground and background of the image, achieving a good segmentation effect. In addition, in order to process the image with an unsatisfactory Ostu segmentation effect, an 8-connected region marking method combining region growing and line marking can be used to automatically eliminate isolated points and fill holes in the image. After processing, the color feature values of the image are obtained, so that the actual chlorophyll content of the plant is obtained through the corresponding relationship between the chlorophyll content and the color feature values.

[0067] According to a preferred embodiment, the environment module 3 selects the light intensity before light irradiation; when the plant is in the seedling stage, the light period is 12≤T≤15, and the light quality ratio is controlled to be red:blue=3-5:1; when the wheat is in the nutrition stage, the light period is 14≤T≤20, and the light quality ratio is controlled to be white:red light:blue light=0.5-1.0:0-1.0:0.0-0.5; when the wheat is in the reproductive stage, the light period is 16≤T≤20, and the light quality ratio is controlled to be white:red light:blue light=0.5-1.0:0-1.0:0.0-0.5.

[0068] According to a preferred embodiment, the calculation module 2 calculates the light irradiation amount required by the light irradiation unit 303 in the current stage based on the current stage of the plant and the required light irradiation intensity of the plant in the current stage through the established variation curve of the leaf shading coefficient, so that the light receiving amount of the plant in the current stage reaches the target value.

[0069] Throughout the present text, the features introduced by "preferably" are only optional ways, and should not be understood as necessarily set, so the applicant reserves the right to abandon or delete the related preferred features at any time.

[0070] It should be noted that the above specific embodiments are exemplary, and those skilled in the art can think of various solutions under the inspiration of the disclosure of the present application, and these solutions also belong to the disclosed range of the present application and fall within the protection scope of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application specification and its drawings are illustrative and do not constitute a limitation on the claims. The protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A planting system for regulating light intensity at multiple stages of a plant's growth cycle, characterized in that, The system comprises a stage detection module (1), a calculation module (2) and an environment module (3); The stage detection module (1) is used for determining plant growth stage information; The environment module (3) comprises an illumination unit (303); The calculation module (2) calculates the actual light intensity absorbed by photosynthesis of the plant and the light intensity emitted by the illumination unit (303) based on the plant growth stage information through a leaf shading coefficient, and controls the illumination unit (303) to adjust the light intensity emitted by the illumination unit (303) based on different leaf distribution characteristics of the plant in the current stage, so that the light intensity received by the plant in the current stage meets the growth requirement, thereby shortening the growth cycle of the plant; The system further comprises a light absorption plate (6) arranged in the cultivation tank (5), which is used for detecting the residual light intensity after the light absorption by photosynthesis of the plant under the illumination of the illumination unit (303), and the calculation module (2) calculates the leaf shading coefficient based on the residual light intensity detected by the light absorption plate (6) and the light intensity emitted by the illumination unit (303), and the formula is as follows: ， In the above formulae, represents the amount of light emitted by the lighting unit (303), represents the amount of light remaining detected by the light absorption plate (6), represents the leaf shading coefficient.

2. The growing system for regulating light for multiple stages of a plant's life cycle of claim 1, wherein, The calculation module (2) obtains a change curve of the leaf shading coefficient based on a single cultivation process of the plant, and uses the change curve for the next cultivation process to adjust the light intensity emitted by the illumination unit (303).

3. The growing system for regulating the photoperiod at multiple stages of the plant's life cycle of claim 2, wherein, The leaf shading coefficient changes with the change of the growth stage of the plant.

4. The growing system for regulating the photoperiod at multiple stages of the plant's life cycle of claim 3, wherein, The illumination parameters include light intensity, photoperiod and light quality ratio, wherein the calculation module (2) dynamically adjusts the illumination parameters of the illumination unit (303) based on the following formula, ， In the above formula, represents the growth stage of the current plant, represents the environmental parameters in the current growth environment, represents the required light intensity for the plant, represents the required light period for the plant, represents the required light quality ratio for the plant, represents the required light amount emitted by the light unit (303) at this stage, In the above formulae , , , , Setting, modification or saving is carried out by means of the environmental module (3) before the multi-stage cultivation of the plants.

5. The growing system for regulating the photoperiod at multiple stages of the plant's life cycle of claim 4, wherein, The environment module (3) further comprises a temperature control unit (301) and a humidity unit (302), wherein the environmental parameters in the current growth environment comprise: The environmental temperature detected by the temperature control unit (301); The soil humidity detected by the humidity unit (302); and The aeroponic parameters obtained by the environment module (3) based on the environmental temperature, the soil humidity and the growth stage of the current plant, The aeroponic parameters include the formula and ratio of the nutrient solution in the growth stage of the current plant.

6. The growing system for regulating the photoperiod at multiple stages of the plant's life cycle of claim 5, wherein, The calculation module (2) calculates the light intensity emitted by the illumination unit (303) in the current stage based on the current stage of the plant and the required light intensity of the plant in the current stage through the established change curve of the leaf shading coefficient, so that the light intensity received by the plant in the current stage reaches the target value.

7. The growing system for regulating the photoperiod at multiple stages of the plant's life cycle of claim 6, wherein, The stage detection module (1) monitors the leaves of the plant based on a visual sensor to obtain the current leaf area index of the plant, and the leaf area index is used as a detection parameter for representing the growth stage of the plant, and the calculation module (2) judges the growth stage of the plant based on the size of the leaf area index.

8. The growing system for regulating the photoperiod at multiple stages of the plant's life cycle of claim 7, wherein, The stage detection module (1) further obtains the current chlorophyll content of the plant based on a digital image processing technology, and the current chlorophyll content can be used for correcting the growth stage of the plant.

9. The growing system for regulating the photoperiod at multiple stages of the plant's life cycle of claim 8, wherein, The environment module (3) selects the light intensity before illumination; When the wheat is in the seedling stage, the photoperiod is 12≤ ≤15, and the light quality ratio is controlled to be red:blue=3~5:1; When the wheat is in the vegetative stage, the photoperiod is 14≤ ≤20, the control light quality ratio is white: red light: blue light = 0.5~1.0: 0~1.0: 0.0~0.5; When the wheat is in the reproductive stage, the photoperiod is 16≤ ≤20, and the light quality ratio is controlled to be white: red light: blue light = 0.5~1.0: 0~1.0: 0.0~0.5.

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