Method of friction forming high flux diffusion couples

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for preparing high-throughput diffusion couples using friction forming. The method utilizes friction welding equipment to bring two metal materials into contact and form a friction pair. The frictional heat and plastic deformation heat generated by the friction pair cause mutual diffusion between metal atoms, forming a diffusion layer and thus completing the diffusion connection of the components. The diffusion joint core is then removed by machining, ultimately completing the preparation of the diffusion couple. This method can be used to prepare binary and ternary diffusion couples. The method of this invention has low requirements for component surface treatment, does not require a vacuum environment, and does not require long diffusion times. The diffusion couple preparation method of this invention has high success rate and efficiency and can be used to prepare binary and multi-component diffusion couples of dissimilar metal materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for preparing high-throughput diffusion couples by friction forming. Background Technology

[0002] A diffusion couple is a sample in which materials are metallurgically bonded together through diffusion. The material undergoes activation and diffusion in a direction perpendicular to the metallurgical bonding surface. Diffusion couples are a powerful tool in materials science for studying the quantitative relationships of solid-state reactions. Existing diffusion couple preparation techniques include binding, clamping, riveting, rolling, and diffusion welding methods. These methods first require polishing the diffusion surfaces of the material components to a mirror finish, then using different forms of mechanical force to compress them, and finally placing the compressed sample in a vacuum environment for long-term diffusion. The drawbacks of these methods are high requirements for interface preparation, high vacuum environment requirements, and long diffusion times. Specifically, grinding and polishing are generally done manually, and their cleanliness, parallelism, and time consumption determine the success rate and efficiency of diffusion couple preparation. For example, residual oxides or uneven interfaces after grinding will directly lead to sample failure. The vacuum level also affects the diffusion reaction of the components. Finally, the diffusion process of these methods is slow, resulting in low sample preparation efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a method for preparing high-throughput diffusion couples by friction forming, which reduces the surface treatment requirements for diffusion couple preparation, eliminates the dependence of traditional preparation methods on vacuum environment, shortens diffusion couple preparation time, and improves the success rate of diffusion couple preparation.

[0004] The technical solution of this invention is:

[0005] A method for preparing high-throughput diffusion couples by friction forming involves using friction welding equipment to bring two metal materials into contact and form a friction pair. The frictional heat and plastic deformation heat generated by the friction pair cause mutual diffusion between metal atoms and form a diffusion layer, thereby completing the diffusion connection of the components. Then, the diffusion joint core is removed by machining, and the diffusion couple is finally prepared. This method can be used to prepare binary and ternary diffusion couples.

[0006] (1) Preparation of binary diffusion couple: First, component A and component B are processed into round bars respectively. Then, the two round bars are clamped on the friction welding equipment fixture. Then, the parameters are set for welding. Finally, the core of the welded joint is removed by mechanical processing to complete the preparation of the binary diffusion couple sample.

[0007] (2) Preparation of ternary diffusion couple: First, component A and component B are processed into round bars respectively. Then, the two round bars are clamped on the friction welding equipment fixture. Then, the parameters are set and welding is performed to obtain the AB welded joint. Then, the AB composite round bar is made parallel to the welding surface by machining. Component C and component AB composite round bar are clamped on the friction welding equipment fixture, the parameters are set and welding is performed. Finally, the core of the welded joint is removed by machining to complete the preparation of the ternary diffusion couple sample.

[0008] Friction welding equipment includes continuous drive friction welding machines, inertial friction welding machines, friction stir welding machines, and linear friction welding machines.

[0009] The components are metallic materials such as Fe, Cu, Al, Ti, and Ni.

[0010] The preparation method of binary diffusion couples is as follows:

[0011] (1) Raw material preparation: Component A and component B are prepared into φ15mm×50mm round bars by machining, and the surface of the material to be welded is exposed with a metallic luster.

[0012] (2) Friction welding equipment preparation: Select a continuous drive friction welding equipment with a maximum spindle speed of 3000 r / min and a maximum upsetting force of 300 kN.

[0013] (3) Specimen mounting: Mount the round bar of component A and the round bar of component B on the rotating end and tailstock end of the friction welding machine respectively, with the round bar extending 10mm beyond the clamp.

[0014] (4) Specimen cleaning: Use organic solvents to clean the surfaces of component A and component B to be diffused to remove oil stains;

[0015] (5) Parameter setting and welding: Set the friction welding parameters according to the characteristics of the components. After setting the parameters, press the start welding button to start welding.

[0016] (6) Post-weld machining: The center of the welded joint is machined into a 10mm×10mm×10mm AB binary diffusion couple using machining equipment.

[0017] The preparation method of a ternary diffusion couple is as follows:

[0018] (1) Raw material preparation: Use a lathe or other machining methods to prepare component A and component B into round bars with a diameter of φ40mm×80mm, and component C into round bars with a diameter of φ15mm×35mm. The surface of the material to be welded should have a metallic luster.

[0019] (2) Friction welding equipment preparation: Select a maximum rotational inertia of 200 kg·m 2 An inertial friction welding equipment with a maximum upsetting force of 800kN.

[0020] (3) First test piece mounting and cleaning: Mount the round bar of component A and the round bar of component B on both ends of the fixture of the friction welding machine. The round bar extends 10mm beyond the fixture. Use organic solvent to clean the surface to be diffused to remove oil stains.

[0021] (4) First parameter setting and welding: Set the friction welding parameters according to the material characteristics, and press the start welding button after setting the parameters to start welding;

[0022] (5) Post-weld machining: Remove the burrs from the AB diffusion joint, and then take out a φ15mm×35mm AB composite round bar from the center of the welded joint. Turn one end of the AB binary diffusion couple into a flat surface;

[0023] (6) Second clamping: clamp the C round bar and the AB composite round bar on the rotating end and tailstock end of the friction welding machine respectively. The round bars extend 10mm beyond the clamp. Use organic solvent to clean the diffusion surfaces of the two round bars to remove oil stains.

[0024] (7) Second parameter setting and welding: Set the friction welding parameters according to the material characteristics, and press the start welding button after setting the parameters to start welding;

[0025] (8) Post-weld machining: The center of the welded joint is machined into a 10mm×10mm×10mm ABC ternary diffusion couple using a lathe or wire cutting equipment.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the method of the present invention are:

[0027] 1. Low requirements for material interface preparation: Traditional diffusion couple preparation methods require grinding and polishing the material surface to a mirror finish, but the grinding quality is difficult to control and the efficiency is low. In this invention, the strong frictional torque at the interface during the connection process will cause strong plastic deformation and material flow in the softer side material. The small amount of oxides and oil residues remaining on the interface will be discharged outside the interface with the plastic flow and extrusion of the material, forming flash. The self-cleaning effect is strong, requiring only that the component surface show a metallic luster and that oil and dirt be removed, without the need for polishing.

[0028] 2. No vacuum environment required: Traditional diffusion couple preparation methods require the sample to be placed in a high vacuum state for the diffusion reaction. This invention does not require a vacuum environment and can be completed in an atmospheric environment, reducing the environmental requirements for preparation.

[0029] 3. No long-term diffusion required: Traditional diffusion couple preparation methods require the use of heating equipment to provide diffusion activation energy to diffuse the sample for a long time in order to complete the preparation of the diffusion couple. The diffusion reaction of the material of this invention is completed by using the material's own frictional heat energy and plastic deformation energy. The reaction speed is fast, and the entire friction forming process only lasts for a few seconds. The diffusion couple can be prepared without long-term diffusion. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the preparation process for Fe-Al binary diffusion couples;

[0031] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the preparation process for Al-Fe-Cu ternary diffusion couples; Detailed implementation method:

[0032] A method for preparing high-throughput diffusion couples by friction forming involves using friction welding equipment to bring two metal materials into contact and form a friction pair. The frictional heat and plastic deformation heat generated by the friction pair cause mutual diffusion between metal atoms and form a diffusion layer, thereby completing the diffusion connection of the components. Then, the diffusion joint core is removed by machining, and the diffusion couple is finally prepared. This method can be used to prepare binary and ternary diffusion couples.

[0033] (1) Preparation of binary diffusion couple: First, component A and component B are processed into round bars respectively. Then, the two round bars are clamped on the friction welding equipment fixture. Then, the parameters are set for welding. Finally, the core of the welded joint is removed by mechanical processing to complete the preparation of the binary diffusion couple sample.

[0034] (2) Preparation of ternary diffusion couple: First, component A and component B are processed into round bars respectively. Then, the two round bars are clamped on the friction welding equipment fixture. Then, the parameters are set and welding is performed to obtain the AB welded joint. Then, the AB composite round bar is made parallel to the welding surface by machining. Component C and component AB composite round bar are clamped on the friction welding equipment fixture, the parameters are set and welding is performed. Finally, the core of the welded joint is removed by machining to complete the preparation of the ternary diffusion couple sample.

[0035] Friction welding equipment includes continuous drive friction welding machines, inertial friction welding machines, friction stir welding machines, and linear friction welding machines.

[0036] The components are metallic materials such as Fe, Cu, Al, Ti, and Ni.

[0037] The preparation method of binary diffusion couples is as follows:

[0038] (1) Raw material preparation: Component A and component B are prepared into φ15mm×50mm round bars by machining, and the surface of the material to be welded is exposed with a metallic luster.

[0039] (2) Friction welding equipment preparation: Select a continuous drive friction welding equipment with a maximum spindle speed of 3000 r / min and a maximum upsetting force of 300 kN.

[0040] (3) Specimen mounting: Mount the round bar of component A and the round bar of component B on the rotating end and tailstock end of the friction welding machine respectively, with the round bar extending 10mm beyond the clamp.

[0041] (4) Specimen cleaning: Use organic solvents to clean the surfaces of component A and component B to be diffused to remove oil stains;

[0042] (5) Parameter setting and welding: Set the friction welding parameters according to the characteristics of the components. After setting the parameters, press the start welding button to start welding.

[0043] (6) Post-weld machining: The center of the welded joint is machined into a 10mm×10mm×10mm AB binary diffusion couple using machining equipment.

[0044] The preparation method of a ternary diffusion couple is as follows:

[0045] (1) Raw material preparation: Use a lathe or other machining methods to prepare component A and component B into round bars with a diameter of φ40mm×80mm, and component C into round bars with a diameter of φ15mm×35mm. The surface of the material to be welded should have a metallic luster.

[0046] (2) Friction welding equipment preparation: Select a maximum rotational inertia of 200 kg·m 2 An inertial friction welding equipment with a maximum upsetting force of 800kN.

[0047] (3) First test piece mounting and cleaning: Mount the round bar of component A and the round bar of component B on both ends of the fixture of the friction welding machine. The round bar extends 10mm beyond the fixture. Use organic solvent to clean the surface to be diffused to remove oil stains.

[0048] (4) First parameter setting and welding: Set the friction welding parameters according to the material characteristics, and press the start welding button after setting the parameters to start welding;

[0049] (5) Post-weld machining: Remove the burrs from the AB diffusion joint, and then take out a φ15mm×35mm AB composite round bar from the center of the welded joint. Turn one end of the AB binary diffusion couple into a flat surface;

[0050] (6) Second clamping: clamp the C round bar and the AB composite round bar on the rotating end and tailstock end of the friction welding machine respectively. The round bars extend 10mm beyond the clamp. Use organic solvent to clean the diffusion surfaces of the two round bars to remove oil stains.

[0051] (7) Second parameter setting and welding: Set the friction welding parameters according to the material characteristics, and press the start welding button after setting the parameters to start welding;

[0052] (8) Post-weld machining: The center of the welded joint is machined into a 10mm×10mm×10mm ABC ternary diffusion couple using a lathe or wire cutting equipment.

[0053] In specific implementation, the process of preparing high-throughput diffusion couples using the friction forming method of this invention is as follows:

[0054] (1) Preparation of binary diffusion couple: First, component A and component B are processed into round bars. Then, the two round bars are clamped on the friction welding equipment fixture. Then, the parameters are set for welding. Finally, the core of the welded joint is removed by mechanical processing to complete the preparation of the binary diffusion couple sample.

[0055] (2) Preparation of ternary diffusion couple: First, component A and component B are processed into round bars respectively. Then, the two round bars are clamped on the friction welding equipment fixture. Then, the parameters are set and welding is performed to obtain the AB welded joint. Then, the AB composite round bar is made parallel to the welding surface by machining. Component C and component AB composite round bar are clamped on the friction welding equipment fixture, the parameters are set and welding is performed. Finally, the core of the welded joint is removed by machining to complete the preparation of the ternary diffusion couple sample.

[0056] The present invention will be described in detail below using examples of the preparation of aluminum-iron binary diffusion couples and aluminum-iron-copper ternary diffusion couples 8.

[0057] Example 1:

[0058] This embodiment uses pure aluminum and pure iron as raw materials and employs a continuous-drive friction welding method to prepare an iron-aluminum binary diffusion couple 3. The preparation process is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0059] (1) Raw material preparation: aluminum raw materials and iron raw materials are processed into the first aluminum rod 11 and the first iron rod 22 with a diameter of φ15mm×50mm by machining method, and the surface of the material to be welded is exposed with metallic luster.

[0060] (2) Friction welding equipment preparation: The continuous drive friction welding equipment used in this example is related to the type of raw materials and cross-sectional area. In this example, the maximum spindle speed of the friction welding equipment is 3000 r / min and the maximum upsetting force is 300 kN.

[0061] (3) Specimen mounting: The first aluminum rod 1 and the first iron rod 2 are respectively mounted on the rotating end and the tailstock end of the friction welding machine, with the round rod extending 10mm beyond the clamp.

[0062] (4) Specimen cleaning: Use organic solvents to clean the surfaces of the first aluminum rod 1 and the first iron rod 2 to be diffused, and remove oil stains;

[0063] (5) Parameter setting and welding: Set the friction welding parameters to spindle speed 1000r / min, friction pressure 100MPa, friction time 2s, upsetting pressure 150MPa, and upsetting time 10s. After setting the parameters, press the start welding button to start welding.

[0064] (6) Post-weld machining: The center of the welded joint is machined into a 10mm×10mm×10mm iron-aluminum binary diffusion couple 3 using machining equipment.

[0065] When preparing other metal binary diffusion couples, at least one of the metal materials in this embodiment should have good thermoplasticity during welding to promote the cleaning effect of metal friction on the diffusion interface and improve the success rate of diffusion couple preparation. The spindle speed, friction pressure, friction time, upsetting pressure, and upsetting time parameters in this embodiment need to be set according to the specific material characteristics to provide sufficient friction welding heat and welding pressure, ensuring the quality of the interface bonding. The sample size in this embodiment needs to be determined based on the welding capacity of the friction welding machine, the fixture size, and the final sample size of the diffusion couple to ensure that the equipment can reliably clamp the sample.

[0066] Example 2:

[0067] This embodiment uses pure aluminum, pure iron, and pure copper as raw materials to prepare an aluminum-iron-copper ternary diffusion couple 8 using an inertial friction welding method. The preparation process is as follows: Figure 2 ;

[0068] (1) Raw material preparation: Use a lathe or other machining methods to prepare pure copper and pure iron into copper rod 4 with a diameter of 40mm×80mm and a second iron rod 5, and prepare pure aluminum into a second aluminum rod 7 with a diameter of 15mm×35mm. The surface of the material to be welded should show a metallic luster.

[0069] (2) Friction welding equipment preparation: In this example, an inertial friction welding equipment is used. The selection of equipment capacity is related to the type of raw materials and cross-sectional area. In this example, the maximum spindle speed of the friction welding equipment is 1500 r / min, and the maximum moment of inertia is 200 kg·m. 2 The maximum upsetting force is 800kN;

[0070] (3) First test piece mounting and cleaning: Mount the copper rod 4 and the second iron rod 5 on both ends of the fixture of the friction welding machine. The round rod extends 10mm beyond the fixture. Use organic solvent to clean the surfaces of the copper rod 4 and the second iron rod 5 to be diffused to remove oil stains.

[0071] (4) First parameter setting and welding: Set the friction welding parameters to a spindle speed of 300 r / min and a moment of inertia of 280 kg·m. 2 Set the upsetting pressure to 130MPa and the upsetting time to 10s. After setting the parameters, press the start welding button to begin welding.

[0072] (5) Post-weld machining: Remove the burrs from the joint, and then take a φ15mm×35mm iron-copper binary diffusion coupler 6 from the center of the welded joint. The sampling location is shown in the figure. Figure 2 One end of the iron-copper binary diffusion couple 6 is machined into a flat surface;

[0073] (6) Second clamping: The second aluminum rod 7 and the iron-copper binary diffusion couple are clamped on the rotating end and tailstock end of the friction welding machine respectively. The round rod extends 10mm out of the clamp. The surfaces of the two round rods to be diffused are cleaned with organic solvent to remove oil stains.

[0074] (7) Second parameter setting and welding: Set the friction welding parameters to spindle speed of 300 r / min and moment of inertia of 40 kg·m. 2 Set the upsetting pressure to 150MPa and the upsetting time to 10s. After setting the parameters, press the start welding button to begin welding.

[0075] (8) Post-weld machining: The center of the welded joint is machined into a 10mm×10mm×10mm aluminum-iron-copper ternary diffusion couple using a lathe or wire cutting equipment.

[0076] This embodiment demonstrates a general method for preparing ternary diffusion couples using the method of the present invention. The order in which the components are connected is crucial; the connection order should follow the thermoplasticity gradient of the materials, connecting materials with higher thermoplasticity first, followed by materials with lower thermoplasticity. In this embodiment, iron and copper are first connected to prepare an iron-copper binary diffusion couple 6. Then, this binary diffusion couple is connected to aluminum, which has the lowest thermoplasticity, to finally complete the preparation of an aluminum-iron-copper ternary diffusion couple 8. In this embodiment, the spindle speed, moment of inertia, upsetting pressure, and upsetting time parameters are set according to the material characteristics to provide sufficient friction welding heat and pressure, ensuring the quality of the interface bonding. The sample size in this embodiment needs to be determined based on the welding capacity of the friction welding machine, the fixture size, and the final sample size of the diffusion couple to ensure that the equipment can reliably hold the sample.

Claims

1. A method for preparing high-throughput diffusion couples by friction forming, characterized in that: Two metal materials are brought into contact and formed into a friction pair using friction welding equipment. The frictional heat and plastic deformation heat generated by the friction pair cause mutual diffusion between metal atoms and form a diffusion layer, thereby completing the component diffusion connection. Then, the diffusion joint core is removed by machining method, and finally the diffusion couple is prepared. This method can be used to prepare binary and ternary diffusion couples. (1) Preparation of binary diffusion couple: First, component A and component B are processed into round bars respectively. Then, the two round bars are clamped on the friction welding equipment fixture. Then, the parameters are set for welding. Finally, the core of the welded joint is removed by mechanical processing to complete the preparation of the binary diffusion couple sample. (2) Preparation of ternary diffusion couple: First, component A and component B are processed into round bars respectively. Then, the two round bars are clamped on the friction welding equipment fixture. Then, the parameters are set and welding is performed to obtain the AB welded joint. Then, the AB composite round bar is made parallel to the welding surface by machining. Component C and component AB composite round bar are clamped on the friction welding equipment fixture. The parameters are set and welding is performed. Finally, the core of the welded joint is removed by machining to complete the preparation of the ternary diffusion couple sample. The preparation method of a ternary diffusion couple is as follows: (1) Raw material preparation: Use a lathe to prepare component A and component B into round bars with a diameter of φ40mm×80mm, and component C into round bars with a diameter of φ15mm×35mm. The surface of the material to be welded should have a metallic luster. (2) Friction welding equipment preparation: Select a maximum rotational inertia of 200 kg·m 2 An inertial friction welding equipment with a maximum upsetting force of 800kN; (3) First test piece mounting and cleaning: Mount the round bar of component A and the round bar of component B on both ends of the fixture of the friction welding machine. The round bar extends 10mm beyond the fixture. Use organic solvent to clean the surface to be diffused to remove oil stains. (4) First parameter setting and welding: Set the friction welding parameters according to the material characteristics, and press the start welding button after setting the parameters to start welding; (5) Post-weld machining: Remove the burrs from the AB diffusion joint, and then take out a φ15mm×35mm AB composite round bar from the center of the welded joint and machine one end of the AB binary diffusion couple into a flat surface. (6) Second clamping: clamp the C round bar and the AB composite round bar on the rotating end and tailstock end of the friction welding machine respectively. The round bars extend 10mm beyond the clamp. Use organic solvent to clean the diffusion surfaces of the two round bars to remove oil stains. (7) Second parameter setting and welding: Set the friction welding parameters according to the material characteristics, and press the start welding button after setting the parameters to start welding; (8) Post-weld machining: The center of the welded joint is machined into a 10mm×10mm×10mm ABC ternary diffusion couple using a lathe or wire cutting equipment.

2. The method for preparing high-throughput diffusion couples by triboforming according to claim 1, characterized in that: Friction welding equipment includes continuous drive friction welding machines, inertial friction welding machines, friction stir welding machines, and linear friction welding machines.

3. The method for preparing high-throughput diffusion couples by triboforming according to claim 1, characterized in that: The components are Fe, Cu, Al, Ti, and Ni metallic materials.

4. The method for preparing high-throughput diffusion couples by friction forming according to claim 1, characterized in that: binary... The specific steps for preparing a diffusion couple are as follows: (1) Raw material preparation: Component A and component B are prepared into φ15mm×50mm round bars by machining, and the surface of the material to be welded is exposed with a metallic luster. (2) Friction welding equipment preparation: Select a continuous drive friction welding equipment with a maximum spindle speed of 3000r / min and a maximum upsetting force of 300kN; (3) Specimen mounting: Mount the round bar of component A and the round bar of component B on the rotating end and tailstock end of the friction welding machine respectively, with the round bar extending 10mm beyond the clamp. (4) Specimen cleaning: Use organic solvents to clean the surfaces of component A and component B to be diffused to remove oil stains; (5) Parameter setting and welding: Set the friction welding parameters according to the characteristics of the components. After setting the parameters, press the start welding button to start welding. (6) Post-weld machining: The center of the welded joint is machined into a 10mm×10mm×10mm AB binary diffusion couple using machining equipment.

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