The invention provides a soil sampling and detecting device. The soil sampling and detecting device comprises a box body, a soil sampling mechanism, a supporting adjusting mechanism, a movable adjusting mechanism, a crushing and detecting mechanism, an auxiliary operating mechanism and a limiting mechanism. The movable adjusting mechanism suitable for adjusting and transferring different road surfaces is connected with the bottom of the box body and comprises a hub, a supporting plate, a rectangular inner threaded pipe, a rectangular sleeve, a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear, an outer threaded rod, a T-shaped rotating rod, a circular box, a third rotating shaft and a bent plate. According to the soil sampling and detecting device provided by the invention, the form of the corresponding hub needs to be adjusted in the transferring process for pushing and transferring; the device can be suitable for rolling of different types of road surfaces; and when the road condition of the soil conveying road surface is poor, transferring can be conducted in a manual carrying mode; time and labor are saved in the operation process; the working efficiency is improved; the device is suitablefor transferring of two kinds of road surfaces; and the application range of the transferring process is widened.