A buried pipeline leakage and collapse model box capable of switching between internal and external seepage conditions

Abstract

The present invention discloses a buried pipeline leakage and collapse model box capable of switching between internal and external seepage conditions. The box comprises a steel structure box body, an organic glass observation window, a stainless steel pipe, an organic glass pipe, and a sand discharge pipe. The box body is open at the top and is provided with a rain structure support. The interior of the box body is divided into two water tanks and a central sand and soil tank by steel plate barriers on both sides, each of which has water permeable holes. The organic glass observation window is provided on both sides of the long side of the box body. The stainless steel pipe and the organic glass pipe are respectively installed inside the organic glass observation window on both sides. The stainless steel pipe and the organic glass pipe are respectively provided with threaded holes for simulating pipeline water seepage. The sand discharge pipe is provided at the bottom of both sides of the long side of the box body. The model box of the present invention has the advantages of large size and structural rigidity, convenient and simple water head control, convenient switching between internal and external seepage conditions, suitability for simulating large-scale or extra-large-scale buried pipeline collapses, shortened test time, and improved test accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of buried pipeline leakage, and in particular to a buried pipeline leakage collapse model box capable of switching between internal and external seepage working conditions. Background Art

[0002] Buried water supply and drainage pipelines are crucial for the efficient operation of cities, often referred to as their lifelines, ensuring their smooth functioning. However, due to various factors, such as corrosion of the surrounding soil, external traffic loads, improper pipe installation, and aging, the vast underground pipeline network eventually develops breaches. Leakages and bursts are frequent, causing significant economic losses and safety incidents. A buried pipeline leakage and collapse model is used to simulate the rupture and collapse of urban underground pipelines. This process is clearly and completely demonstrated, facilitating detailed research and having important implications for protecting human safety and reducing property losses.

[0003] Existing buried pipeline leakage and collapse model boxes are constructed entirely of plexiglass, connected with glass glue. Limited by the load-bearing capacity of plexiglass, the model boxes are typically small overall, resulting in a significant size effect. External interference is amplified during testing, leading to large errors. Furthermore, the model boxes can only test one of two operating conditions: internal and external infiltration. Current research generally believes that buried pipeline leakage causes collapse in two main operating conditions: internal infiltration and external infiltration. In reality, these two conditions occur simultaneously, so model testing only has practical research significance if both conditions occur simultaneously. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the existing technology and provide a buried pipeline leakage and collapse model box that can switch between internal and external seepage conditions, so as to solve the problems that the existing buried pipeline leakage and collapse model box is too small, the size effect is too obvious, it can only perform a single working condition, and the simulation value is poor.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A buried pipeline leakage and collapse model box capable of switching between internal and external seepage conditions, comprising a steel structure box body, an organic glass observation window, a stainless steel pipe, an organic glass pipe, and a sand discharge pipe;

[0007] The top of the box is open and equipped with a rain structure bracket; the inside of the box is divided into two water tanks on both sides and a sand box in the middle by steel plate blocks, and the steel plate blocks are provided with water holes;

[0008] The organic glass observation windows are arranged on both sides of the long sides of the box body; the stainless steel pipe and the organic glass pipe are respectively installed inside the organic glass observation windows on both sides and are located in the sand box; the stainless steel pipe and the organic glass pipe are respectively reserved with threaded drill holes for simulating pipe water seepage;

[0009] There is a pair of sand discharge pipes, which are respectively arranged at the bottom of both sides of the long side of the box. When the sand discharge pipes are used to simulate the seepage working condition, they serve as a bottom drainage and sand discharge port to allow water and sand to be discharged to form a collapse. At the same time, after the test is completed, they also serve as the final outlet for discharging the internal sand and soil.

[0010] Furthermore, it also includes a water tank water level control system, which is arranged on the water tank on both sides of the short sides of the tank body, and includes a drainage drilling hole, side slide rails, a steel bracket and a hose; the drainage drilling hole is arranged at the bottom of the outer wall of the water tank; the side slide rails are longitudinally opened on the outer wall of the water tank; the steel bracket can be slidably installed on the side slide rails, and can slide up and down along the side slide rails to adjust the height; one end of the hose is connected to the drainage drilling hole, and the other end is fixed to the steel bracket, and the water level in the water tank is controlled by using the principle of a communicating vessel.

[0011] Specifically, the stainless steel pipe was mounted inside the plexiglass observation window via a steel pipe support frame. Each of the pipe supports, a set of inverted T-shaped structures, was attached to the inner wall of the plexiglass observation window using waterproof tape. The stainless steel pipe was secured to the sand and soil tank near the inlet and outlet using clamps, ensuring a tight fit between the pipe support frame and the plexiglass observation window. The stainless steel pipe had a set of pre-recorded threaded holes of varying sizes and orientations, sealed with corresponding bolts. During the simulation experiment, these threaded holes were opened to simulate water seepage.

[0012] Specifically, the plexiglass pipe is fixed to the inner side of the plexiglass observation window through a concave plexiglass structural part; the notch of the plexiglass structural part is inward, and the surface is bonded to the inner wall of the plexiglass observation window by glass glue; the plexiglass pipe is fixed in the plexiglass structural part by AB glue, and is connected to the external pipe with a gold wire hose near the inlet and outlet of the sand and soil box, and is fixed to the inside of the box with a clamp at the gold wire hose, so that the plexiglass structural part and the plexiglass observation window fit tightly; a group of plexiglass pipe threaded drilling holes of different sizes and directions are reserved on the plexiglass pipe, and are sealed by corresponding bolts. Similarly, during the simulation experiment, the corresponding threaded drilling holes are opened to simulate pipe water seepage.

[0013] Specifically, the steel structure box body includes an external steel frame, a multi-layer steel frame plate, a bottom steel frame and a stainless steel bottom plate welded together; the external steel frame and the bottom steel frame are welded and fixed to form a box frame; the multi-layer steel frame plate encloses and forms the four sides of the box body; the stainless steel bottom plate is welded to the bottom steel frame to form the bottom surface of the box body.

[0014] Furthermore, box fixing brackets are welded to the four sides of the box body of the steel structure, and the box fixing brackets are fixed to the cement platform by expansion screws.

[0015] Preferably, the organic glass observation window is installed on both sides of the long side of the box through a glass pressing assembly; the glass pressing assembly is connected to the external steel frame of the box by bolts, and waterproof tape is affixed between the organic glass observation window and the glass pressing assembly; a 1cm×1cm grid is drawn on the organic glass observation windows on both sides of the box.

[0016] Specifically, the rainfall structure bracket includes a top slide rail and a rainfall bracket; the top slide rail is installed on both sides of the top of the box body by bolts, and the two ends of the rainfall bracket are movably installed on the top slide rail and can slide back and forth along the top slide rail; a group of perforated nylon pipes are set up on the upper part of the rainfall bracket, and the perforated nylon pipes are connected to the external water pump through corresponding water pipes, and water is transported into the perforated nylon pipes through the water pump to simulate rainfall.

[0017] Specifically, the sand discharge pipe is fixed to the bottom of both sides of the long side of the box by installing steel plates and inserting fixing bolts; an inclined sand flushing pipe is welded on the upper part of the sand discharge pipe, a gate valve is used as a control switch at the pipe mouth of the sand discharge pipe, and a sand discharge water guide trough is installed at the bottom.

[0018] Furthermore, water-permeable holes are opened on the steel plate barriers between the water tanks on both sides and the middle sand and soil box, and the water-permeable holes are filled with permeable stones; and a water tank organic glass plate is installed on the outer wall steel plate of the water tank.

[0019] Beneficial effects:

[0020] (1) The present invention adopts a stainless steel frame to form an integral box structure, and uses organic glass plates as observation windows on both sides. The structural form has high rigidity, which is convenient for observing internal changes and is suitable for large-scale simulation of buried pipeline leakage and collapse model boxes.

[0021] (2) The present invention adopts organic glass pipes and stainless steel pipes to observe leakage and simulate actual conditions respectively. By regulating the flow rate when the two pipes are filled with water at the same time and the threaded holes on the pipes, the separate infiltration and exfiltration conditions can be switched, and the two conditions can be made to occur at the same time, which is more consistent with the actual situation and has practical research value.

[0022] (3) The present invention can freely control the water head height in the sand and soil during the test through the water level control system installed on the box body. There is a steel plate barrier between the inside of the water tank and the sand and soil box. There are water-permeable holes on the steel plate, and the holes are filled with permeable stones, which can realize the communication of the water levels in the water tank and the sand and soil box. The outside of the water tank is designed with a sliding rail, and a sliding steel bracket is installed on the rail. There is a drainage hole on the bottom of the outer side. One end of the hose is fixed to the drainage hole, and the other end is fixed to the steel bracket. The height position of the steel bracket on the rail is adjusted, and the water level in the water tank can be controlled according to the principle of the communicating vessel.

[0023] (4) The top of the model box of the present invention adopts a combination of an H-shaped steel frame and a slide rail mechanism, and rainfall can be achieved by placing a nylon pipe with holes on the steel frame. A rainfall structure bracket is set on the top of the model box. The rainfall structure bracket is connected to the external steel frame through bolts on the slide rail. The rainfall bracket on the rainfall structure bracket can be disassembled. Rainfall can be achieved by winding the nylon pipe with holes on the rainfall bracket. At the same time, the rainfall position can be adjusted by moving the rainfall bracket on the slide rail.

[0024] (5) The present invention does not require disassembly of the model box and the model inside the model box, and can realize switching between different simulation working conditions, saving a lot of test time. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and the above and / or other advantages of the present invention will become more apparent.

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the model box.

[0027] Figure 2 This is the front view of the model box.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a side view of the model box.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a top view of the model box.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the stainless steel pipe in the model box.

[0031] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the organic glass structural parts in the model box.

[0032] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of the organic glass pipe in the model box.

[0033] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the sand discharge pipeline.

[0034] Wherein, each reference numeral represents:

[0035] 1-Rainfall structure support; 2-Rainfall support; 3-Top slide rail; 4-Box external steel frame; 5-Permeable stone; 6-Multi-layer steel frame plate; 7-Plexiglas observation window; 8-Bottom steel frame; 9-Sand discharge pipe; 10-Sand discharge water guide chute; 11-Water tank water level control system; 12-Side slide rail; 13-Steel holder; 14-Water tank plexiglass plate; 15-Glass pressing assembly; 16-Stainless steel pipe; 17-Box fixing bracket; 18-Plexiglas pipe; 19-Bolt; 20-Expansion screw; 21-Stainless steel pipe thread drilling; 22-Pipe support frame; 23-Plexiglas structural member; 24-Plexiglas pipe thread drilling; 25-Gate valve; 26-Mounting steel plate; 27-Inclined sand flushing pipe; 28-Clamp; 29-Drainage drilling hole; 30-Gold wire hose; 31-Stainless steel bottom plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention can be better understood with reference to the following examples.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the buried pipeline leakage and collapse model box of the present invention, which can switch between internal and external seepage conditions, includes a steel structure box body, an organic glass observation window 7, a stainless steel pipe 16, an organic glass pipe 18 and a sand discharge pipe 9.

[0038] The top of the box is open and equipped with a rainwater structure support 1. The interior of the box is divided into two water tanks on both sides and a central sand and soil box by steel plate partitions with water holes. The steel plate partitions are perforated with water holes. The entire box is 3 meters long, with 20cm wide water tanks on each side and a central sand and soil box about 2.5 meters long.

[0039] Plexiglas observation windows 7 are located on either side of the long sides of the box. Stainless steel pipes 16 and plexiglass pipes 18 are installed inside these windows, respectively, and are located within the sand and soil box. Both pipes have pre-drilled holes for simulating water seepage. The plexiglass pipes 18 facilitate observation of internal flow conditions, while the stainless steel pipes 16 are primarily used to simulate actual working conditions.

[0040] There is a pair of sand discharge pipes 9, which are respectively arranged at the bottom of both sides of the long side of the box. When the sand discharge pipes are used to simulate the seepage working condition, they serve as a bottom drainage and sand discharge port to allow water and sand to be discharged to form a collapse. At the same time, after the test is completed, they also serve as the final outlet for discharging the internal sand and soil.

[0041] In the existing pipeline leakage and collapse model box, the water level is usually controlled before the experiment. The water level is not controlled during the subsequent experiment and changes with the test process. However, in the actual buried pipeline leakage and collapse process, as the water level drops at the collapsed position, the surrounding water level will automatically replenish to maintain the water level unchanged. For this reason, the model box of the present invention is also provided with a water tank water level control system 11. Figure 1 The water tank water level control system 11 is arranged on the water tank on both sides of the short sides of the tank body, and includes a drainage drilling hole 29, a side slide rail 12, a steel bracket 13 and a hose; the drainage drilling hole 29 is arranged at the bottom of the outer wall of the water tank; the side slide rail 12 is longitudinally opened on the outer wall of the water tank; the steel bracket 13 is slidably installed on the side slide rail 12, and can slide up and down along the side slide rail 12 to adjust the height; one end of the hose is connected to the drainage drilling hole 29, and the other end is fixed on the steel bracket 13, and the water level in the water tank is controlled by using the principle of a communicating vessel.

[0042] Combine Figure 4 and Figure 5 The stainless steel pipe 16 is installed on the inside of the organic glass observation window 7 via a steel pipe support frame 22. The pipe support frames 22 are a set of inverted T-shaped structures, and are attached to the inner wall of the organic glass observation window 7 by pasting waterproof tape. The stainless steel pipe 16 is fixed to the box body by a clamp 28 near the inlet and outlet of the sand and soil box, and the pipe support frame 22 is tightly fitted with the organic glass observation window 7 for easy observation. A set of stainless steel pipe threaded holes 21 of different sizes and directions are reserved on the stainless steel pipe 16 and sealed with corresponding bolts. During the simulation experiment, the corresponding threaded holes are opened to simulate pipe seepage.

[0043] Combine Figure 4 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 The organic glass pipe 18 is fixed to the inner side of the organic glass observation window 7 through a concave organic glass structure 23; the notch of the organic glass structure 23 is inward, and the surface is bonded to the inner wall of the organic glass observation window 7 through glass glue, which is convenient for observation. The organic glass pipe 18 is fixed in the organic glass structure 23 by AB glue, and is connected to the external pipe with a gold wire hose 30 near the inlet and outlet of the sand and soil box, and is fixed to the inside of the box with a clamp 28 at the gold wire hose 30, so that the organic glass structure 23 and the organic glass observation window 7 fit tightly; a group of organic glass pipe threaded drilling holes 24 of different sizes and directions are reserved on the organic glass pipe 18, and are sealed by corresponding bolts. Similarly, in the simulation experiment, the corresponding threaded drilling holes are opened to simulate pipe water seepage.

[0044] The model box of the present invention can control the internal and external infiltration working conditions by adjusting the pipeline. In the present embodiment, the actual working conditions on site are simulated, and the internal and external infiltration working conditions exist simultaneously. The stainless steel pipe 16 is selected as the external infiltration pipe, and the organic glass pipe 18 is selected as the internal infiltration pipe. A stainless steel pipe threaded borehole 21 is unscrewed at a specific position on the stainless steel pipe 16, so that the injection flow rate in the stainless steel pipe 16 is large enough to form water in a full pipe state. At this time, the water inside the pipe will impact the sand inside the box through the stainless steel pipe threaded borehole 21, forming an external infiltration channel and a cavity. As time goes by, the cavity gradually expands, and the sand will form a collapse on the surface. A organic glass pipe threaded borehole 24 is also opened at a symmetrical position on the organic glass pipe 18, so that the water inside the organic glass pipe 18 is relatively small and can form water in a half-pipe state. At this time, the water-sand mixture inside the pipe will be injected into the pipe along the organic glass pipe threaded borehole 24 and washed away along with the pipe, forming an internal infiltration channel and a cavity. As time goes by, the cavity gradually expands, and the sand will form a collapse on the surface. When the permeation conditions in the box need to be changed, it is only necessary to change the corresponding flow rate in the pipe and the opening and closing of the threaded holes.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, the steel structure box includes an external steel frame 4, a multi-layer steel frame plate 6, a bottom steel frame 8 and a stainless steel bottom plate 31 welded to each other; the external steel frame 4 and the bottom steel frame 8 are welded and fixed to form a box frame; the multi-layer steel frame plate 6 encloses the four sides of the box; the stainless steel bottom plate 31 is welded to the bottom steel frame 8 to form the bottom surface of the box.

[0046] Box fixing brackets 17 are welded to the four sides of the steel structure box, and the box fixing brackets 17 are fixed to the cement platform by expansion screws 20.

[0047] The organic glass observation window 7 is installed on both sides of the long side of the box through the glass pressing assembly 15; the glass pressing assembly 15 is connected to the external steel frame 4 of the box by bolts 19, and waterproof tape is affixed between the organic glass observation window 7 and the glass pressing assembly 15; a 1cm×1cm grid is drawn on the organic glass observation window 7 on both sides of the box with a marker.

[0048] Combine Figure 1 As shown, the rainfall structure bracket 1 includes a top slide rail 3 and a rainfall bracket 2; the top slide rail 3 is installed on both sides of the top of the box body by bolts, and the two ends of the rainfall bracket 2 are movably installed on the top slide rail 3 and can slide back and forth along the top slide rail 3; a group of perforated nylon pipes are set up on the upper part of the rainfall bracket 2, and the perforated nylon pipes are connected to the external water pump through corresponding water pipes. Water is transported into the perforated nylon pipes through the water pump to simulate rainfall, and the position can be adjusted by sliding the rainfall bracket 2.

[0049] like Figure 8 As shown, the sand discharge pipe 9 is fixed to the bottom of both long sides of the box body by inserting fixing bolts through a mounting plate 26. An inclined sand flushing pipe 27 is welded to the top of the sand discharge pipe 9. A gate valve 25 serves as a control switch at the end of the sand discharge pipe 9, and a sand discharge water channel 10 is installed below. When the interior of the box body needs to be cleaned after the test, the original gate valve 25 may not flush the sand slowly. In this case, the gate valve 25 needs to be removed and the sand needs to be cleaned directly through the sand discharge water channel 10.

[0050] Combine Figure 1 and Figure 3 The steel plate between the water tanks on both sides and the middle sand box is provided with water-permeable holes, which are filled with permeable stones 5 to simulate the actual environment of buried pipelines. A water tank organic glass plate 14 is installed on the outer wall steel plate of the water tank for easy observation.

[0051] The present invention provides a design and method for a buried pipeline leakage and collapse model box capable of switching between internal and external seepage conditions. While there are numerous methods and approaches for implementing this technical solution, the foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art may make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also within the scope of protection of the present invention. Any components not specified in this embodiment may be implemented using existing technologies.

Claims

1. A buried pipeline leakage and collapse model box capable of switching between internal and external seepage conditions, characterized in that: It includes a steel structure box, an organic glass observation window (7), a stainless steel pipe (16), an organic glass pipe (18) and a sand discharge pipe (9); The top of the box is open and is provided with a rain structure support (1); the inside of the box is divided into two water tanks on both sides and a sand box in the middle by steel plate barriers, and the steel plate barriers are provided with water holes; The organic glass observation windows (7) are arranged on both sides of the long sides of the box body; the stainless steel pipe (16) and the organic glass pipe (18) are respectively installed inside the organic glass observation windows (7) on both sides and are located in the sand box; the stainless steel pipe (16) and the organic glass pipe (18) are respectively reserved with threaded holes for simulating pipe water seepage; The sand discharge pipes (9) are a pair, which are respectively arranged at the bottom of both sides of the long side of the box; It also includes a water tank water level control system (11), which is arranged on the water tank on both sides of the short side of the tank body, and includes a drainage drilling hole (29), a side slide rail (12), a steel bracket (13) and a hose; the drainage drilling hole (29) is arranged at the bottom of the outer wall of the water tank; the side slide rail (12) is longitudinally opened on the outer wall of the water tank; the steel bracket (13) is slidably mounted on the side slide rail (12) and can slide up and down along the side slide rail (12) to adjust the height; one end of the hose is connected to the drainage drilling hole (29), and the other end is fixed to the steel bracket (13); The sand discharge pipe (9) is fixed to the bottom of both sides of the long side of the box body by inserting fixing bolts into the mounting steel plate (26); an inclined sand flushing pipe (27) is welded on the upper part of the sand discharge pipe (9); a gate valve (25) is used as a control switch at the outlet of the sand discharge pipe (9), and a sand discharge water guide trough (10) is installed below; The steel plate shield between the water tanks on both sides and the middle sand and soil box is provided with water-permeable holes, which are filled with permeable stones (5); and a water tank organic glass plate (14) is installed on the outer wall steel plate of the water tank.

2. The buried pipeline leakage and collapse model box capable of switching between internal and external seepage conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The stainless steel pipe (16) is mounted on the inner side of the organic glass observation window (7) through a steel pipe support frame (22); the pipe support frames (22) are a group, each of which is an inverted T-shaped structure and is attached to the inner wall of the organic glass observation window (7) by pasting waterproof tape; the stainless steel pipe (16) is fixed to the box body by a clamp (28) near the inlet and outlet of the sand box, so that the pipe support frame (22) and the organic glass observation window (7) are tightly fitted; a group of stainless steel pipe threaded holes (21) of different sizes and directions are reserved on the stainless steel pipe (16), and are sealed by corresponding bolts.

3. The buried pipeline leakage and collapse model box capable of switching between internal and external seepage conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The organic glass pipe (18) is fixed to the inner side of the organic glass observation window (7) through a concave organic glass structural member (23); the notch of the organic glass structural member (23) is inward, and the surface is bonded to the inner wall of the organic glass observation window (7) through glass glue; the organic glass pipe (18) is fixed to the organic glass structural member (23) through AB glue, and is connected to the external pipe with a gold wire hose (30) near the inlet and outlet of the sand and soil box, and is fixed to the inside of the box with a clamp (28) at the gold wire hose (30), so that the organic glass structural member (23) and the organic glass observation window (7) are tightly bonded; a group of organic glass pipe threaded drilling holes (24) of different sizes and directions are reserved on the organic glass pipe (18), and are sealed by corresponding bolts.

4. The buried pipeline leakage and collapse model box capable of switching between internal and external seepage conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The steel structure box body comprises a box body external steel frame (4), a multi-layer steel frame plate (6), a bottom steel frame (8) and a stainless steel bottom plate (31) welded together; the box body external steel frame (4) and the bottom steel frame (8) are welded and fixed to form a box body frame; the multi-layer steel frame plate (6) encloses and forms the four sides of the box body; the stainless steel bottom plate (31) is welded to the bottom steel frame (8) to form the bottom surface of the box body.

5. The buried pipeline leakage and collapse model box capable of switching between internal and external seepage conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Box fixing brackets (17) are welded to the four sides of the box body of the steel structure, and the box fixing brackets (17) are fixed to the cement platform by expansion screws (20).

6. The buried pipeline leakage and collapse model box capable of switching between internal and external seepage conditions according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The organic glass observation window (7) is installed on both sides of the long side of the box through a glass pressing assembly (15); the glass pressing assembly (15) is connected to the external steel frame (4) of the box through bolts (19), and waterproof tape is affixed between the organic glass observation window (7) and the glass pressing assembly (15); a grid of 1 cm×1 cm is drawn on the organic glass observation windows (7) on both sides of the box.

7. The buried pipeline leakage and collapse model box capable of switching between internal and external seepage conditions according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rainfall structure bracket (1) comprises a top slide rail (3) and a rainfall bracket (2); the top slide rail (3) is mounted on both sides of the top of the box body by bolts, and both ends of the rainfall bracket (2) are movably mounted on the top slide rail (3) and can slide forward and backward along the top slide rail (3); a group of nylon pipes with holes are set up on the upper part of the rainfall bracket (2), and the nylon pipes with holes are connected to an external water pump through corresponding water pipes, and water is transported into the nylon pipes with holes by the water pump to simulate rainfall.

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