Dynamic hysteresis model of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core considering stress and temperature dependence

Abstract

The application discloses a dynamic magnetic hysteresis model of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core considering stress dependence and temperature dependence, separates the magnetic field inside the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core according to the loss separation thought, and obtains corresponding magnetic field intensity by differentiating eddy current loss and residual loss with respect to magnetic flux density on the basis of the relationship between field quantity and energy, the magnetic hysteresis loss and the eddy current loss considering the stress dependence and the temperature dependence, and the dynamic magnetization characteristics generated by the eddy current loss and the residual loss of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core. The dynamic magnetic field intensity of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core is divided into the sum of the magnetic field intensities corresponding to the hysteresis loss, the eddy current loss and the residual loss based on the field separation technology and the loss statistical theory, and the dynamic magnetic hysteresis model of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core under the influence of stress and temperature is established.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dynamic hysteresis model analysis technology for amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores, specifically to the establishment of a dynamic hysteresis model for amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores that considers stress dependence and temperature dependence, applicable to, but not limited to, amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy materials used in motors. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to soft magnetic materials such as silicon steel, amorphous / nanocrystalline alloys possess high permeability, low coercivity, and low loss characteristics, and have found considerable application in various fields. For example, using amorphous alloys instead of traditional silicon steel sheets in transformers can significantly reduce iron consumption, thereby improving efficiency and saving energy. Amorphous / nanocrystalline alloys are also being experimentally applied in some asynchronous motors, where they can greatly reduce iron losses and improve motor efficiency.

[0003] Amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores may operate under varying stress and temperature environments. While heat treatment can largely eliminate internal stress, they are still inevitably subjected to stress during assembly and use, leading to significant changes in their magnetic and loss characteristics. Furthermore, due to limited motor cooling, the core's losses are more prone to temperature rise, resulting in variations in magnetic and loss characteristics at different temperatures. Since the core's magnetic and loss characteristics are directly related, the area of ​​the hysteresis loop can represent hysteresis loss. However, the characterization of the hysteresis loop under stress and temperature influences, as well as the relationship between magnetic characteristics and eddy current and residual losses, remains unclear. Therefore, to combine loss separation theory with a hysteresis model, this invention proposes a novel dynamic hysteresis model for amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores that considers the effects of stress and temperature, and directly calculates the complete core loss based on this dynamic model. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a dynamic hysteresis model for amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores that considers stress and temperature dependence. This model is used to obtain an analytical calculation model for amorphous / nanocrystalline core losses under stress and temperature influences. It explores the magnetic and loss characteristics under different magnetic field frequencies, strengths, stresses, and temperatures, as well as the effects of stress and temperature coupling, and investigates their patterns. This results in an accurate dynamic hysteresis model for amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores that includes stress and temperature parameters, providing guidance for the structural design and loss analysis of amorphous / nanocrystalline motors.

[0005] The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0006] Considering the stress- and temperature-dependent dynamic hysteresis model of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores, the magnetic field inside the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core is first separated based on the loss separation concept. According to the relationship between field quantity and energy, considering the stress- and temperature-dependent hysteresis loss and eddy current loss, the eddy current loss and residual loss are differentiated with respect to the magnetic flux density to obtain the corresponding magnetic field strength. Based on field separation technology and loss statistics theory, considering the dynamic magnetization characteristics generated by the eddy current loss and residual loss of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core, the dynamic magnetic field strength of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core is divided into the sum of the magnetic field strengths corresponding to hysteresis loss, eddy current loss and residual loss, thus establishing a dynamic hysteresis model of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core under the influence of stress and temperature.

[0007] For the hysteresis loss magnetic field strength component, the hysteresis loops of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores under different stresses and temperatures were tested using a soft magnetic material tester. Based on the test results, the JA hysteresis model parameters (a, k, α, c, M) of the material were analyzed using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. s To identify:

[0008]

[0009]

[0010] H e =H+αM

[0011] in:

[0012] a: Domain wall density;

[0013] k: Irreversible loss coefficient, characterizing the blockage or loss of magnetic domains;

[0014] α: Interaction between magnetic domains and magnetic field;

[0015] c: Domain wall bending constant;

[0016] M s Reversible magnetization;

[0017] M an : Non-hysteresis magnetization;

[0018] δ: Direction parameter;

[0019] H: Magnetic field strength;

[0020] M: Magnetic flux density.

[0021] After obtaining the parameters of the JA model, the relationship between each parameter and stress, temperature and their coupling is analyzed to obtain stress-dependent and temperature-dependent hysteresis models.

[0022] Furthermore, the loss curves of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores were tested. Based on the measured loss curves of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core samples, the losses were divided into hysteresis loss, eddy current loss, and residual loss. Assuming that stress, temperature, and magnetic field frequency do not affect the residual loss, linear regression was used to separate the residual loss and obtain the corresponding statistical parameters. The eddy current loss was obtained by subtracting the hysteresis loss and residual loss from the total loss. Considering the influence of stress and temperature on eddy current loss, fractional derivative theory was introduced to identify stress-dependent and temperature-dependent eddy current loss parameters over a wide frequency range. Furthermore, based on the consistency between field separation and loss separation, the magnetic field intensity components corresponding to the eddy current loss and residual loss were obtained.

[0023] Furthermore, a dynamic hysteresis model of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core considering the effects of stress and temperature is established. Based on Poynting's principle, the complete loss of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core is obtained by integration, and a new analytical calculation model for the loss of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core under sinusoidal excitation is proposed.

[0024] The amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core is an amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy laminated core with a ring structure. To reduce the influence of radial variation in magnetic field strength, the dimensions of the tested sample should meet the following requirements:

[0025] D≤1.1d

[0026] Cross-sectional area A is between 100-500 mm² 2 between:

[0027]

[0028] in:

[0029] m: Sample mass;

[0030] ρ: Sample density;

[0031] D: Outer diameter of the sample;

[0032] d: Inner diameter of the sample.

[0033] When testing the hysteresis loop and other magnetic properties of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core, an excitation coil and an induction coil are uniformly wound around it once. An alternating current is passed through the excitation coil, and the induced current and induced voltage of the induction coil are collected. The magnetic properties and losses are calculated based on different excitation magnetic field strengths and alternating current frequencies.

[0034] The stress environment provides radial pressure and radial tension (0N to 50kN) to the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core through a mechanical testing machine.

[0035] The temperature environment is provided to the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core by a high and low temperature chamber, which provides a temperature environment of -60 to 200 degrees Celsius.

[0036] When the mechanical testing machine is integrated with a high and low temperature chamber, it can simultaneously provide high and low temperature and stress environments for amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores.

[0037] By testing the magnetic and loss characteristics of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores under different temperatures, stresses, frequencies, and magnetic field intensities at different frequencies, a dynamic hysteresis model of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core under stress and temperature effects can be obtained. Based on Poynting's principle, the complete loss of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core is obtained by integration, and a new analytical calculation model for the loss of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core under sinusoidal excitation is proposed.

[0038] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are:

[0039] 1. This invention considers a stress- and temperature-dependent dynamic hysteresis model for amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores. By establishing a novel analytical model for the loss of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores under sinusoidal excitation, taking into account stress and temperature dependence, a dynamic hysteresis model for amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores considering the effects of stress and temperature is proposed. Addressing the challenge of unclear magnetic and loss characteristics of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores under stress and temperature, the stress- and temperature-dependent properties of the magnetic and loss characteristics of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores can be obtained.

[0040] 2. This invention considers a stress- and temperature-dependent dynamic hysteresis model for amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores. Based on the measured loss curves of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core samples, the loss is divided into hysteresis loss, eddy current loss, and residual loss. The eddy current loss is obtained by subtracting the hysteresis loss and residual loss from the total loss. Considering the influence of stress and temperature on eddy current loss, fractional derivative theory is introduced to identify stress- and temperature-dependent eddy current loss parameters over a wide frequency range. Furthermore, based on the consistency of field separation and loss separation, the magnetic field strength corresponding to eddy current loss and residual loss is obtained. A dynamic hysteresis model for amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores considering the influence of stress and temperature is established. Based on Poynting's principle, the complete loss of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core is obtained by integration, thus obtaining a new analytical calculation model for the loss of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores under sinusoidal excitation. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention, the accompanying drawings used will be briefly described below.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the establishment of an analytical calculation model for amorphous alloy core loss under the influence of stress and temperature according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram comparing the hysteresis loop established by parameter identification of the JA hysteresis model in an embodiment of the present invention with the measured results. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, based on the measured magnetization curves of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core samples, the corresponding permeability is calculated, and the influence of stress and temperature on the permeability of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core is analyzed. The JA (Jiles-Atherton) hysteresis model is selected based on the measured hysteresis loops of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core samples. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) intelligent algorithm is used to identify the hysteresis model parameters under different stresses, temperatures, and simultaneous stress and temperature effects. Parameter influence separation is performed, and the correlation between stress and temperature on the hysteresis model parameters is analyzed, separating the stress-dependent, temperature-dependent, and stress-and-temperature-dependent influence terms, and obtaining stress-dependent and temperature-dependent hysteresis models. Based on this model, the hysteresis loss magnetic field strength component and hysteresis loss are calculated. Generally, zero stress and room temperature (25℃) are used as reference points.

[0046] Furthermore, based on the measured loss curves of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core samples, the loss is divided into hysteresis loss, eddy current loss, and residual loss. Assuming that stress, temperature, and magnetic field frequency do not affect the residual loss, linear regression is used to separate the residual loss and obtain the corresponding statistical parameters. Subtracting the hysteresis loss and residual loss from the total loss yields the eddy current loss. Considering the influence of stress and temperature on eddy current loss, fractional derivative theory is introduced to identify stress-dependent and temperature-dependent eddy current loss parameters over a wide frequency range. Based on the consistency between field separation and loss separation, the magnetic field strength corresponding to eddy current loss and residual loss is obtained. A dynamic hysteresis model of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core considering the influence of stress and temperature is established. Based on Poynting's principle, integration yields the complete loss of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core, and a new analytical calculation model for the loss of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core under sinusoidal excitation is proposed.

[0047] like Figure 2 As shown, the hysteresis loop established through parameter identification of the JA hysteresis model has a high degree of fit with the measured results. The calculation process is as follows: The Jiles-Atherton model is established based on the domain wall theory of ferromagnetic materials. The model divides the magnetization intensity into reversible magnetization intensity M... rev and irreversible magnetization M irr Two parts were used to establish a system of differential equations, resulting in the hysteresis loops of the magnetization M and the applied magnetic field H. Specifically:

[0048] M = M ifr +M rev

[0049] Mrev =c(M an -M irr )

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] δ is a direction parameter, which takes +1 when and -1 when .

[0053] δ M As a weighting coefficient, it can avoid the generation of non-physical solutions, when δ(M) an When -M)<0, δ M =0, when δ(M) an When -M)>0, δ M =1.

[0054] Furthermore, based on the above formulas, intelligent algorithms such as particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used to identify the hysteresis model parameters under different stresses, temperatures, and simultaneous stress and temperature effects. Based on the measurement results of the hysteresis loops of the material's magnetic properties, the domain wall density *a*, irreversible loss coefficient *k*, domain-magnetic field interaction *α*, domain wall bending constant *c*, and reversible magnetization *M* are obtained using the PSO algorithm and the JA model. s Five parameters are calculated. Taking this invention as an example, the particle swarm optimization algorithm iterates 50 times, and the calculation results are: a = 4.38, k = 1.33, α = 0.000019, c = 0.27, M s =620472.80. The calculated hysteresis loop of the material is calculated by substituting the five calculated parameters into the JA model and compared with the measurement results, such as... Figure 2 As shown.

[0055] Furthermore, the effects of stress and temperature on the five parameters of the JA hysteresis model are subjected to partial differential operations and Talyor expansions to obtain functional relationships. A hysteresis model of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core considering stress dependence and temperature dependence is established, and the corresponding hysteresis loss is calculated.

[0056] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above descriptions are merely preferred examples of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing examples or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. All modifications and equivalent substitutions made within the spirit and principles of the invention should be included within the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic hysteresis model for amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores considering stress-dependent and temperature-dependent factors, characterized in that, The model is used to obtain an analytical calculation model for the loss of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores under the influence of stress and temperature. It explores the magnetic and loss characteristics under different magnetic field frequencies, magnetic field strengths, stresses, temperature environments, and the coupling effect of stress and temperature, and investigates their patterns. This leads to an accurate dynamic hysteresis model of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core that includes stress and temperature parameters, providing guidance for the structural design and loss analysis of amorphous / nanocrystalline motors. The model first separates the magnetic field inside the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core based on the loss separation concept. According to the relationship between field quantity and energy, considering stress-dependent and temperature-dependent hysteresis and eddy current losses, the eddy current loss and residual loss are differentiated with respect to the magnetic flux density to obtain the corresponding magnetic field strength. Based on field separation technology and loss statistics theory, considering the dynamic magnetization characteristics generated by eddy current and residual losses in the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core, the dynamic magnetic field strength of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core is divided into the sum of the magnetic field strengths corresponding to hysteresis loss, eddy current loss, and residual loss, establishing a dynamic hysteresis model of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core under the influence of stress and temperature. For the hysteresis loss magnetic field strength component, the hysteresis loops of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores under different stresses and temperatures were tested using a soft magnetic material tester. Based on the test results, the JA hysteresis model parameters of the material were analyzed using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. To identify: in: Weighting coefficients; Domain wall density; : Irreversible loss coefficient, characterizing the blockage or loss of magnetic domains; Interaction between magnetic domains and magnetic fields; Domain wall bending constant; Reversible magnetization; : Non-hysteresis magnetization; Direction parameter; : Magnetic field strength; Magnetic flux density; After obtaining the parameters of the JA model, the relationship between each parameter and stress, temperature and their coupling is analyzed to obtain stress-dependent and temperature-dependent hysteresis models.

2. The model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The loss curves of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores were tested. Based on the measured loss curves of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core samples, the losses were divided into hysteresis loss, eddy current loss, and residual loss. Assuming that stress, temperature, and magnetic field frequency do not affect the residual loss, linear regression was used to separate the residual loss and obtain the corresponding statistical parameters. The eddy current loss was obtained by subtracting the hysteresis loss and residual loss from the total loss. Considering the influence of stress and temperature on eddy current loss, fractional derivative theory was introduced to identify stress-dependent and temperature-dependent eddy current loss parameters over a wide frequency range. Furthermore, based on the consistency of field separation and loss separation, the magnetic field intensity components corresponding to eddy current loss and residual loss were obtained.

3. The model according to claim 1, characterized in that, A dynamic hysteresis model of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core considering the effects of stress and temperature is established. Based on Poynting's principle, the complete loss of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core is obtained by integration, and an analytical calculation model of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core loss under sinusoidal excitation is obtained. The amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core is an amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy laminated core with a ring structure. The dimensions of the sample under test should meet the following requirements: Cross-sectional area A is between 100-500 mm² 2 between: in: Sample quality; Sample density; Sample outer diameter; :Item inner diameter; When testing the magnetic properties such as the hysteresis loop of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core, the excitation coil and the induction coil are uniformly wound around the core. An alternating current is passed through the excitation coil, and the induced current and induced voltage of the induction coil are collected. The magnetic properties and losses are calculated based on different excitation magnetic field strengths and alternating current frequencies.

4. The model according to claim 3, characterized in that, The stress environment provides radial pressure and radial tension to the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core through a mechanical testing machine; The temperature environment is provided for the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core through a high and low temperature chamber, ranging from -60 to 200 degrees Celsius. When the mechanical testing machine is integrated with a high and low temperature chamber, it can simultaneously provide high and low temperature and stress environments for amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores.

5. The model according to claim 4, characterized in that, By testing the magnetic and loss characteristics of amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy cores under different temperatures, stresses, frequencies, and magnetic field intensities at different frequencies, a dynamic hysteresis model of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core under stress and temperature effects can be obtained. Based on Poynting's principle, the complete loss of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core is obtained by integration, thus yielding an analytical calculation model for the loss of the amorphous / nanocrystalline alloy core under sinusoidal excitation.

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