A new energy automobile lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a new energy automobile lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training device and method, the scheme is based on the automobile vehicle body constructed to constitute a training environment, and the state of the new energy automobile lithium battery fire and combustion is simulated by adopting the gas combustion mode in the automobile vehicle body, and the fire development process of the new energy automobile is simulated by controlling the dynamic change of the flame. The scheme provided by the application can simulate the real scene of the new energy automobile fire, can be used for training firemen to master related fire extinguishing technical points, and effectively overcomes the problems existing in the prior art.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to simulation training technology, in particular to emergency rescue simulation training technology for lithium battery fire of electric vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0002] However, with the gradual popularization of new energy vehicles, fire accidents have been occurring. In recent years, a number of new energy vehicle self-ignition, impact fire and other fire accidents have occurred.

[0003] The fire safety of new energy vehicles is gradually becoming a problem for fire departments to extinguish fires and rescue. At present, the fire department and other emergency rescue departments do not have basic information such as the structure of new energy vehicles, the distribution of high-voltage lines, the characteristics of battery fires, and hydrogen leakage and explosion prevention. The fire extinguishing and emergency rescue for new energy vehicles still use the emergency rescue methods for traditional vehicles, which has great safety hazards.

[0004] In recent years, a number of new energy vehicle self-ignition, impact fire and other fire accidents have occurred. In these accidents, firefighters can only rely on their experience in traditional fire fighting to make simple dispositions. The unscientific and unprofessional fire fighting process not only cannot maximize the rescue of life and property losses, but also directly exposes the fire rescue personnel to unknown dangerous environments.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new energy vehicle fire simulation training device to improve the rescue and disposal level of fire departments in dealing with new energy vehicle fires. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training device, which can simulate the fire occurrence and development process of new energy vehicles. On this basis, the present application also provides a new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training control method, which realizes the training of fire personnel to master the key points of fire extinguishing technology.

[0007] In order to achieve the above purpose, the new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training device provided by the present application mainly comprises a vehicle body, a combustion system, a gas supply and control system;

[0008] The vehicle body serves as the basic carrier of the training device and constitutes the training environment.

[0009] The combustion system is arranged in the vehicle body to simulate the state of new energy vehicle lithium battery ignition and combustion by using gas combustion in the training environment constituted by the vehicle body.

[0010] The gas supply and control system supplies gas and intelligently controls the combustion system to simulate the fire occurrence and development process of new energy vehicles.

[0011] Further, the vehicle body is a full stainless steel structure, and the vehicle body is provided with a plurality of breaking structures.

[0012] Further, the combustion system comprises a main burner and an ignition assembly, the main burner is arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body, the main burner has a shape of a real battery pack of an electric vehicle, the lower part is an open structure, and the upper part is a closed structure, which is used for simulating the real form of the electric vehicle bottom battery pack fire, and the flame overflows from the bottom to the surrounding, and the ignition assembly is arranged in cooperation with the main burner.

[0013] Further, the ignition assembly comprises an ignition burner and an ignition control module, the ignition burner is arranged in cooperation with the main burner, and the ignition control module is connected with the ignition burner.

[0014] Further, the gas supply and control system comprises a gas control assembly, an ignition control assembly, a gas purging assembly and a combustion control assembly.

[0015] The gas control assembly is connected with the combustion gas source and the combustion system, and is used for adjusting and controlling the state of the gas entering the combustion system for main combustion.

[0016] The ignition control assembly is connected with the combustion gas source and the combustion system, and is used for adjusting and controlling the state of the gas entering the combustion system for ignition.

[0017] The gas purging assembly is connected with the purging gas source and the combustion system, and is used for adjusting and controlling the state of the purging gas entering the combustion system.

[0018] The combustion control assembly is connected and coordinates the cooperation between the gas control assembly, the ignition control assembly, the gas purging assembly and the combustion system to simulate the fire occurrence and development process of the new energy vehicle.

[0019] Further, the ignition control assembly is connected with the combustion gas source and the combustion system, and provides a premixed ignition gas source for the ignition assembly, the ignition control assembly can adjust and control the state of the gas and air entering the combustion system for ignition, ensure that the gas and air are in the combustion equivalent ratio, the flow rate of the premixed gas at the igniter is close to the flame propagation speed, ensure that the ignition source is a stable premixed flame, which is not easy to be extinguished by the fire extinguishing measure, so as to ensure that the gas flowing out of the main burner can be ignited, and the safety goal of preventing the accumulation and explosion of the combustible gas in the combustion simulation process is achieved.

[0020] Further, the combustion control assembly comprises a combustion state detector and a combustion controller, the combustion state detector judges whether the fire extinguishing agent acts on the ignition position, collects the action condition of the fire extinguishing agent by detecting the temperature change, feeds back a signal to the combustion controller, and the combustion controller controls the combustion system to form a simulated flame.

[0021] Further, the gas supply and control system further comprises a flame detector located at the end of the ignition assembly, after the ignition assembly is automatically ignited, the flame detector can detect whether the ignition assembly is successfully ignited, only after ensuring that the ignition is successful, the main burner can be further opened, ensuring that all combustible gas flowing out of the main burner can be ignited by the ignition, thereby ensuring the safety of the simulation process.

[0022] In order to achieve the above purpose, the new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training control method provided by the present application is based on the constructed vehicle body to constitute a training environment, and the state of the new energy vehicle lithium battery fire is simulated by using the gas combustion mode in the vehicle body, and the fire development process of the new energy vehicle is simulated by controlling the dynamic change of the flame.

[0023] Further, the control method establishes a new energy vehicle lithium battery combustion model for simulating three important states of the new energy vehicle lithium battery combustion: battery abuse state -> thermal runaway state -> thermal runaway state, and forms corresponding burning mode control instructions according to the simulation of each state; the burning mode control instructions formed by the burning simulation control system can be sent to the control combustion control component.

[0024] Further, the control method further comprises a nitrogen purging control step.

[0025] The scheme provided by the present application constructs a special scene for new energy vehicle fire training, and controls the dynamic change of the flame by using the gas combustion technology, uses combustible gas as fuel (natural gas, propane or liquefied petroleum gas), and truly simulates the fire development process of the new energy vehicle, so that the real scene of the new energy vehicle fire can be simulated, and the fire fighting personnel can be trained to master the key points of the related fire fighting technology, and the problems existing in the prior art can be effectively overcome.

[0026] The fire simulation training device formed by the scheme provided by the present application can be repeatedly used, is convenient to move, has small floor area, and is simple to operate, and can adapt to various training environments.

[0027] The fire simulation training device formed by the scheme provided by the present application is provided with emergency safety cut-off, low-pressure pressure protection and other safety interlocking protection, and is also matched with a nitrogen purging pipeline protection, so as to ensure the safety of the whole device in the use process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] The present application will be further described below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] Figure 1 The new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training device in the examples of the present application is constituted as follows:

[0030] Figure 2 An overall structural example of a vehicle body in the present example;

[0031] Figure 3 A side structural example of a vehicle body in the present example;

[0032] Figure 4 A distribution example of a main burner in the present example;

[0033] Figure 5 A structural example of an ignition assembly in the present example;

[0034] Figure 6 An example of simulating the spreading process of a simulated battery pack among three modules. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the technical means, creative features, purposes and effects of the present application easy to understand, the present application is further described below in combination with specific drawings.

[0036] The present application builds a thermal runaway and fire spreading model of a lithium ion battery of an electric vehicle through a large number of full-size electric vehicle fire extinguishing experiments, and gives a new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training device scheme on this basis. The scheme builds a corresponding vehicle body to form a new energy vehicle fire training scene, and simulates the state of the new energy vehicle lithium battery ignition and combustion by using the gas combustion mode, and simulates the fire occurrence and development process of the new energy vehicle by controlling the dynamic change of the flame, so as to train the firemen to master the related fire extinguishing technical points.

[0037] Specifically, the present application scheme fully considers the thermal runaway process of the grouped lithium ion battery "battery cell -> battery module -> battery pack", which eventually leads to the complete involvement of the whole vehicle in the combustion. The thermal runaway of a single battery cell is the starting point of the electric vehicle fire, and the trigger temperature of the thermal runaway of a single battery cell is 200℃ based on the small-size ARC test. Then, the thermal runaway spreading among the battery cells is considered, and a theoretical model of the thermal runaway spreading among the battery cells is established based on the chemical reaction kinetics of the square battery cell and the heat transfer equation of the six surfaces. On this basis, the thermal runaway spreading among the battery modules is further considered, and a control model of the new energy vehicle lithium battery fire is systematically built.

[0038] The specific implementation process of the present application scheme is described below.

[0039] Referring to Figure 1 which shows a structural example of the new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training device given in the present example.

[0040] As shown in the figure, the new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training device is mainly composed of a vehicle body 100, a combustion system 200, and a gas supply and control system 300.

[0041] The vehicle body 100 is used as a basic carrier of the training device and is used to carry other components to form a training environment.

[0042] The combustion system 200 is arranged in the vehicle body 100 to simulate the state of the new energy vehicle lithium battery fire by using gas combustion in the training environment formed by the vehicle body.

[0043] The gas supply and control system 300 supplies gas and intelligently controls the combustion system 200 to control the dynamic change of the flame generated by the combustion system 200, thereby simulating the fire occurrence and development process of the new energy vehicle.

[0044] The implementation means of the present example will be described below.

[0045] Referring to Figure 2 , the vehicle body 100 in the present example is designed with all stainless steel (304) and can withstand high temperatures during fire simulation. The vehicle size is designed according to the typical characteristics of real vehicles, highlighting the structural features of important parts, and the vehicle model has high authenticity.

[0046] Further referring to Figure 3 , the vehicle body 100 in the present example is designed as a three-door sedan, and the overall vehicle size is 3700mm (length) x 1700mm (width) x 1114mm (height) as an example, which is close to the actual size of an ordinary vehicle, improving the authenticity of fire simulation, and the structural design should ensure the vehicle's load-bearing and heat-resistant requirements.

[0047] It should be noted that the specific overall vehicle size is not limited to this.

[0048] Further, the vehicle body 100 mainly includes a trunk lid 101, a vehicle body 102, a rear seat 103, a rear door 104, a front seat 105, a front door 106, a tire 107, and an engine cover 108.

[0049] To facilitate vehicle breaking and cutting training for firefighters, the vehicle body is provided with breaking structures at multiple positions, as shown in Figure 2 , the corresponding breaking structures 109 can be provided on the trunk lid 101 and the engine cover 108 of the vehicle body 100. In the present example, the corresponding breaking structures are connected by bolts, which facilitates the replacement of worn parts and does not affect the overall appearance.

[0050] The engine cover 108 in the vehicle body 100 can be opened and closed, and the inside is provided with parts of the air supply and control system, and the setting structure can facilitate later debugging and maintenance operation. At the same time, the example also sets the corresponding breaking structure 109 on the engine cover 108, which can facilitate the cutting training of firefighters.

[0051] The trunk cover 101 in the vehicle body 100 can be opened and closed, which is convenient for later debugging and maintenance operation.

[0052] The vehicle doors 104 and 106 in the vehicle body 100 can be opened and closed, and the doors are connected to the vehicle body 102 through external hinges. The outside of the door is provided with a handle and a locking mechanism, which has the typical characteristics of a real vehicle door. The setting of the door also facilitates the training personnel to enter the vehicle compartment to perform necessary rescue and operation.

[0053] The vehicle body 100 in the vehicle body 100 is provided with independent front seats and integrated rear seats according to the internal structure of a common automobile.

[0054] The tire of the vehicle body 100 adopts a hollow structure with a diameter of 540mm and a width of 180mm. The wheel structure not only reduces the weight but also ensures the load bearing requirement.

[0055] The vehicle body 100 model formed thereby has high authenticity and can simulate a vehicle fire scene.

[0056] The air supply and control system 300 in the example scheme is used to control the battery fire simulation combustion system. The air supply and control system 300 adopts propane gas to simulate the fire source when implemented to ensure safety and cleanliness.

[0057] Further, the air supply and control system 300 controls the opening and closing of the fire source and the flow size through the control of the safety electromagnetic valve and the flow valve. The burning time can be adjusted; at the same time, according to the monitored feedback signal, the state of the fire source and the extinguishing can be judged, and the fuel supply can be carried out under safe conditions, and the fire size can be adjusted through signal processing.

[0058] On this basis, the air supply and control system 300 mainly comprises a gas control assembly 310, an ignition control assembly 320, a gas purging assembly 330, and a combustion control assembly in specific implementation

[0059] The gas control assembly 310 in the air supply and control system 300 is connected to the combustion gas source 400 and the combustion system 200, and a main gas connection channel with controllable and adjustable flow and conduction can be formed between the combustion gas source 400 and the combustion system 200. Through the gas control assembly 310, the state of the gas entering the combustion system for main combustion can be effectively adjusted and controlled.

[0060] In combination withFigure 1 As shown, the gas control assembly 310 in this example is mainly composed of a first gas ball valve 311, a filter 312, a gas high-pressure pressure gauge 313, a gas low-pressure pressure switch 314, a gas pressure reduction and pressure stabilizing valve 315, a gas low-pressure pressure gauge 316, a first gas safety electromagnetic valve 317, a second gas ball valve 318, and a second gas safety electromagnetic valve 319.

[0061] The inlet end of the first gas ball valve 311 is connected to the combustion gas source 400 through a pipeline, the outlet end is connected to the inlet end of the filter 312 through a pipeline, the outlet end of the filter 312 is connected to the inlet end of the gas low-pressure pressure switch 314 through a pipeline, the outlet end of the gas low-pressure pressure switch 314 is connected to the inlet end of the gas pressure reduction and pressure stabilizing valve 315 through a pipeline, the outlet end of the gas pressure reduction and pressure stabilizing valve 315 is connected to the inlet end of the first gas safety electromagnetic valve 317 through a pipeline, the outlet end of the first gas safety electromagnetic valve 317 is connected to the inlet end of the second gas ball valve 318 through a pipeline, the outlet end of the second gas ball valve 318 is connected to the inlet end of the second gas safety electromagnetic valve 319 through a pipeline, and the outlet end of the second gas safety electromagnetic valve 319 is connected to the main burner 210 in the combustion system 200 through a pipeline.

[0062] Further, the gas high-pressure pressure gauge 313 is arranged between the filter 312 and the gas low-pressure pressure switch 314, and the gas low-pressure pressure gauge 316 is arranged between the gas pressure reduction and pressure stabilizing valve 315 and the first gas safety electromagnetic valve 317.

[0063] In the gas control assembly 310 thus formed, the first gas ball valve 311 and the second gas ball valve 318 arranged therein can realize manual opening and cutting off of the gas, and are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the entire main gas connection channel respectively, so as to realize control of cutting off of the gas at the front end and the rear end and form double protection.

[0064] In the gas control assembly 310, the corresponding filter 312 is arranged after the first gas ball valve 311, which can effectively filter dust and water vapor and ensure that the downstream valve group is not polluted and damaged.

[0065] In the gas control assembly 310, the gas high-pressure pressure gauge 313 is arranged after the filter 312, which is used for monitoring and displaying the pressure of the gas in the front section pipeline without pressure reduction.

[0066] In the gas control assembly 310, the corresponding gas pressure reduction and pressure stabilizing valve 315 is arranged, which is used for adjusting and stabilizing the gas pressure in the pipeline and reducing the high pressure to the use pressure.

[0067] As an example, the gas pressure reducing and stabilizing valve 315 in the present embodiment adopts a large valve seat and a large diaphragm to provide high performance and to be able to sensitively control the output pressure, and two valve cover discharge outlets can be installed in different directions. The gas pressure reducing and stabilizing valve 315 can thus regulate the gas with a certain pressure entering the valve body, so that the flowing pressure is kept stable.

[0068] The gas low-pressure pressure switch 314 is arranged upstream of the gas pressure reducing and stabilizing valve 315 in the present gas control assembly 310, for defining the lower limit of the pipeline gas pressure, low-pressure protection and output of the switch signal.

[0069] The gas low-pressure pressure gauge 316 is arranged downstream of the gas pressure reducing and stabilizing valve 315 in the present gas control assembly 310, for monitoring and displaying the pressure of the gas after pressure reduction in the front pipeline.

[0070] The first gas safety electromagnetic valve 317 and the second gas safety electromagnetic valve 319 are respectively arranged upstream and downstream of the second gas ball valve 318 in the present gas control assembly 310, and the two sets of gas safety electromagnetic valves are respectively used for automatically controlling the opening and cutting off of the gas, forming double protection and further improving the safety of the entire device.

[0071] Further, the gas safety electromagnetic valve herein is preferably a pilot diaphragm type, fast opening and fast closing type gas safety electromagnetic valve. Without the excitation of electric current, the gas flow passage remains closed under the action of the spring. When the coil is energized, the valve is opened, and when the power is off, the valve is quickly closed.

[0072] The gas control assembly 310 given in the present embodiment forms an emergency safety cut-off, low-pressure pressure protection and other safety interlocking protection, and can also pre-process the gas supply and adjust the parameters such as the type, flow and pressure of the gas supply.

[0073] The ignition control assembly 320 in the present gas supply and control system 300 is connected to the combustion gas source 400 and the combustion system 200, and a flow-through and conductive ignition gas connection channel between the combustion gas source 400 and the combustion system 200 is controllable and adjustable. The ignition control assembly 320 can effectively adjust and control the state of the gas entering the combustion system for ignition.

[0074] The ignition control assembly 320 is connected to the combustion gas source and the combustion system, and provides a premixed ignition gas source for the ignition assembly in the combustion system. The ignition control assembly 320 can adjust and control the state of the gas and air entering the combustion system for ignition, ensure that the gas and air are in the combustion equivalence ratio, the flow rate of the premixed gas at the igniter is close to the flame propagation speed, ensure that the ignition source is a stable premixed flame that is not easily extinguished by fire extinguishing measures, so as to ensure that the gas flowing out of the main burner can be completely ignited, and achieve the safety goal of preventing the accumulation and explosion of combustible gas in the combustion simulation process.

[0075] Combination Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the ignition control assembly 320 in this example is mainly composed of a third ball valve 321, a second pressure reducing valve 322, a pressure gauge 323, a fourth ball valve 324, a third gas safety solenoid valve 325, a fine adjustment valve 326, a fan 327, a fifth ball valve 328, and a mixer 329.

[0076] The inlet end of the third ball valve 321 is connected by a pipeline between the filter 312 and the low-pressure gas pressure switch 314, the outlet end of the third ball valve 321 is connected by a pipeline to the inlet end of the second pressure reducing valve 322, the outlet end of the second pressure reducing valve 322 is connected by a pipeline to the inlet end of the fourth ball valve 324, the outlet end of the fourth ball valve 324 is connected by a pipeline to the inlet end of the third gas safety solenoid valve 325, the outlet end of the third gas safety solenoid valve 325 is connected by a pipeline to the inlet end of the fine adjustment valve 326, and the outlet end of the fine adjustment valve 326 is connected by a pipeline to the first inlet end of the mixer 329. The pressure gauge 323 is arranged between the second pressure reducing valve 322 and the fourth ball valve 324.

[0077] The inlet end of the fifth ball valve 328 is connected by a pipeline to the fan 327, and the outlet end is connected by a pipeline to the second inlet end of the mixer 329. The outlet end of the mixer 329 is connected by a pipeline to the ignition assembly 220 in the combustion system 200.

[0078] The third ball valve 321 and the fourth ball valve 324 arranged in the ignition control assembly 320 formed thereby can realize manual opening and cutting off of gas, and are arranged at the front end and the rear end of the entire auxiliary gas connection channel respectively, so as to realize control of cutting off of gas at the front end and the rear end, forming double protection.

[0079] The second pressure reducing valve 322 is arranged downstream of the third ball valve 321 in the ignition control assembly 320, for adjusting and stabilizing the gas pressure in the auxiliary gas connection channel, reducing the high pressure to the pressure used for ignition.

[0080] The pressure gauge 323 is arranged downstream of the second pressure reducing valve 322 in the ignition control assembly 320, for displaying the pressure of the gas after being reduced by the second pressure reducing valve 322.

[0081] The third gas safety solenoid valve 325 is arranged downstream of the fourth ball valve 324 in the ignition control assembly 320, for automatically controlling opening and cutting off of gas in the auxiliary gas connection channel.

[0082] The fine adjustment valve 326 is arranged downstream of the third gas safety solenoid valve 325 in the ignition control assembly 320, for precisely controlling the proportion of gas and air, realizing mixing of the equivalent ratio of combustible gas and air.

[0083] The mixer 329 used in the ignition control assembly 320 is a suction proportional air-gas mixer. Air is drawn from the jet to create a suction at the mouth of the tube to draw fuel gas into the mixer cavity.

[0084] The fourth ball valve 324 and the fifth ball valve 328 are arranged upstream of the mixer 329 in this embodiment. The fourth ball valve 324 is used to set the amount of fuel gas entering the mixer. Once set, the fuel gas to air ratio is maintained constant over a wide range of air flow rates.

[0085] As an example, a zero position regulating valve can be used to maintain a constant gas pressure, precisely at atmospheric pressure, for all gas flow rates. At the same time, the total heat input of the mixed gas delivered to the burner can be controlled by a single valve in the combustion air line, which can be motorized for automatic control.

[0086] The gas purge assembly 330 in the gas supply and control system 300 is connected to the purge gas source 500 and the combustion system 200 to form a controllable and adjustable purge channel between the purge gas source 500 and the combustion system 200. The gas purge assembly 330 can effectively purge the combustion system 200, i.e. after the entire system is used up, the combustion system 200 is purged through the purge channel to remove all combustible gases remaining in the pipes of the combustion system 200, ensuring the safety of the system.

[0087] In combination Figure 1 As shown, the gas purge assembly 330 in this embodiment is mainly composed of the sixth ball valve 331 and the fourth safety valve 332.

[0088] The inlet end of the sixth ball valve 331 is connected to the purge gas source 500, such as a nitrogen source, through a pipe. The outlet end of the sixth ball valve 331 is connected to the inlet end of the fourth safety valve 332 through a pipe, and the outlet end of the fourth safety valve 332 is connected to the space between the first gas safety solenoid valve 317 and the second gas ball valve 318 through a pipe.

[0089] In the gas purge assembly 330 thus formed, the flow of the purge gas source into the purge channel is controlled by the sixth ball valve 331. The fourth safety valve 332 arranged downstream of the sixth ball valve 331 is used to automatically control the opening and closing of the purge channel.

[0090] The combustion control assembly in the gas supply and control system 300 connects and coordinates the gas control assembly, the ignition control assembly, the gas purge assembly, and the combustion system to work together to simulate the fire development process of a new energy vehicle.

[0091] As an example, the combustion control assembly in the present embodiment can be composed of an ESTRO single-chip microcomputer for ignition control and combustion control. When ignition control is performed, remote control is achieved using a dry node signal or serial communication.

[0092] Further, the combustion control assembly can be attached with an EXP-1 expansion plug-in when implemented, which contains the control of the damper, combustion air fan and pressure switch (complete set of burners).

[0093] According to the needs, the combustion control assembly can be further configured with corresponding remote control equipment for field control use, which can perform basic operations on the automobile fire occurrence device. It can achieve the start or shutdown of the fire source simulation device, and can manually close all fire sources when danger occurs. The remote control equipment is composed of a transmitter and a receiver.

[0094] The combustion state detector is further introduced in the present embodiment to cooperate with the corresponding combustion logic controller (such as ESTRO single-chip microcomputer), so as to further optimize the control performance of the combustion control assembly.

[0095] The combustion state detector here uses a thermocouple to determine whether the fire location is affected by the fire extinguishing agent. By detecting temperature changes to collect the effect of the fire extinguishing agent, the signal is fed back to the combustion logic controller (such as ESTRO single-chip microcomputer), and the combustion logic controller forms corresponding control instructions to control the combustion system and the gas supply system, and cooperates to form a simulated flame.

[0096] Based on the above-mentioned combustion control assembly scheme, the present embodiment further introduces a combustion simulation control system. The combustion simulation system establishes a new energy automobile lithium battery combustion model to simulate three important states of the new energy automobile lithium battery combustion: battery abuse state -> thermal runaway state -> thermal runaway spread state, and forms corresponding combustion mode control instructions according to the simulation of each state. The combustion simulation control system can send the formed combustion mode control instructions to the combustion control assembly, and the combustion control assembly can generate corresponding specific control instructions according to the combustion mode control instructions to control the combustion system and the gas supply system, and cooperate to form a combustion flame corresponding to different combustion forms of the new energy automobile lithium battery.

[0097] Specifically, the combustion simulation control system uses a large amount of lithium battery fire test data to construct a new energy automobile lithium battery combustion model through quantitative modeling. The new energy automobile lithium battery combustion model can effectively simulate the three lithium battery thermal runaway change states from the battery abuse stage to the thermal runaway stage, and then to the thermal runaway spread stage, and form corresponding combustion mode control instructions.

[0098] Further, the present combustion simulation control system includes the gradual spread of thermal runaway of the grouped lithium ion battery in the gradually increasing spatial scale of "cell -> battery module -> battery pack" when building a lithium battery combustion model for a new energy vehicle, and eventually causes the entire vehicle to be completely involved in the combustion.

[0099] The thermal runaway of a single cell is set as the starting point of the electric vehicle fire, and the trigger temperature of the thermal runaway of a single cell obtained based on the small-size ARC test is 200℃, which also meets the self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) calculated under the assumption of uniform temperature of a typical 18650 NMC / LTO lithium battery. Then, the spread of thermal runaway between cells is considered, and the spread of thermal runaway of the grouped lithium ion battery is mainly determined by the heat and mass transfer process between cells, and the spread process of battery thermal runaway conforms to the law of conservation of energy. Accordingly, a theoretical model of the spread of thermal runaway between cells is established based on the chemical reaction kinetics of the square cell and the heat transfer equation of the six surfaces.

[0100] On this basis, the spread of thermal runaway between battery modules and the influence of the high-temperature environment of the entire battery pack are further introduced.

[0101] By modeling the above process and statistically analyzing the relevant data of the heat release rate of lithium ion battery fire currently published, the maximum heat release rate of lithium battery is obtained which basically meets the exponential relationship:

[0102]

[0103] wherein Eb is the battery energy, and the unit is Wh, is the maximum heat release rate of the battery, and the unit is kW.

[0104] For fire control, another important parameter is the combustion time of the battery, and the total heat value released by the battery can be used to estimate the combustion event of the battery. The total heat L released by the combustion of combustible materials LIB which can be calculated by integrating the heat release rate on the time scale:

[0105]

[0106] wherein l LIB is the total heat released by combustion, and the unit is kJ, is the instantaneous heat release rate of combustion, and the unit is kW, and T is the total combustion event, and the unit is s.

[0107] Based on the above process, a heat release rate development model of a single cell is established in the present example, which will be based on the following conditions:

[0108] (1) Single cell fire development has the characteristics of rapid growth and rapid extinction, thus setting the heat release rate of a single cell is constant, when the thermal runaway is triggered, the heat release rate quickly reaches the maximum value After the completion of thermal runaway, the heat release rate of the cell quickly drops from to zero;

[0109] (2) The maximum heat release rate of the cell is exponentially related to the battery energy:

[0110]

[0111] wherein Eb is the battery energy, unit is Wh, is the maximum heat release rate of the battery, unit is kW;

[0112] (3) The triggering of the cell is completely determined by temperature, when the cell temperature reaches 200℃, the thermal runaway of the battery occurs immediately.

[0113] Accordingly, according to the heat calculation formula of battery combustion, we can get:

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] wherein T is the burning time, Q LIB is the total heat released by combustion, which can be calculated by the combustion heat of the battery:

[0117] Q LIB = χM B ΔH LIB ;

[0118] wherein χ is the combustion efficiency, M B is the mass loss of lithium battery, ΔH LIB is the combustion heat of lithium battery.

[0119] From the above two formulas, the burning time of a single cell can be solved as:

[0120]

[0121] After that, the thermal runaway of the battery can be further calculated by the heat transfer model, and by superimposing the heat release process of the above cell spreading and propagating, the fire development model of the entire battery pack can be obtained.

[0122] In this example, in order to simplify, the thermal runaway spreading time of a certain battery pack is used for fitting, and the fitting result of the triggering time of the cell in the module is exponentially related to the time:

[0123] tb = 896 + 518N 0.63 ;

[0124] wherein, t b is the thermal runaway trigger time of the battery cell, and N is the battery cell number.

[0125] And in the battery pack, the thermal runaway trigger times of the upper and side adjacent modules are as follows:

[0126] t b = 3674 + 202N 0.69 ;

[0127] t b = 4123 + 4.8N 1.9 ;

[0128] The thermal runaway inside the battery module basically satisfies an exponential relationship, that is, as the thermal runaway spreads, the thermal runaway presents an accelerating spreading trend in the initial stage of the fire.

[0129] After the thermal runaway of each battery cell in the module occurs, the thermal runaway spreads to the upper and adjacent battery modules. The time of spreading to the upper module is about 50s after the thermal runaway of the last battery cell of the fire module occurs, and the time of spreading to the adjacent module is about 150s after the thermal runaway of the last battery cell of the fire module occurs. Therefore, in the fire scene simulation control of the thermal runaway spreading, the above delay time can be used to describe the thermal runaway spreading between the battery modules.

[0130] The combustion system 200 in the example scheme is mainly used for simulating the fire flame of the fire, and specifically includes a main burner 210 and an ignition assembly 220.

[0131] Referring to Figure 4 , the main burner 210 in the combustion system 200 is distributed below the left rear seat in the vehicle body 100 to simulate the battery fire.

[0132] Specifically, the main burner 210 adopts the real battery pack structure of an electric vehicle, and the lower part is an open structure and the upper part is a closed structure, thereby simulating the real form of the electric vehicle bottom battery pack fire, with the fire overflowing from the bottom to the surrounding.

[0133] As a preferred scheme, the main burner 210 internally adopts an S-shaped pipeline for gas supply, and gas outlets are uniformly arranged on the S-shaped pipeline to ensure that the fuel gas can uniformly fill the entire main burner, thereby simulating the real combustion process of the lithium battery.

[0134] Further, the main gas supply pipeline of the main burner 210 adopts a DN20 specification, and the pipeline inlet and outlet are connected using a metal hose to realize safe, continuous and stable combustion. As an example, the pipeline flow rate is 15m / s, and the pipeline pressure is 150kPa.

[0135] The ignition assembly 220 in the present combustion system 200 is arranged in cooperation with the main burner 210, and is used for realizing efficient ignition of the main burner 210.

[0136] Here, the ignition assembly 220 in the present embodiment mainly comprises two parts, i.e., an ignition burner 221 and an ignition control module 222. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the ignition assembly 220 in the present embodiment mainly comprises two parts, i.e., an ignition burner 221 and an ignition control module 222.

[0137] The ignition burner 221 is arranged in cooperation with the main burner 220, and is connected with the outlet end of the mixer 329. As an example, a full-weather high-power automatic ignition burner is configured in the present embodiment, which is an anti-strong-wind automatic ignition system, and the ignition burner is always in an ignition state.

[0138] Further, the ignition control module 222 is connected with the ignition burner 221. As an example, the ignition control module 222 can be constructed by a corresponding ignition transformer.

[0139] On this basis, a flame controller 230 is further introduced in the present combustion system 200, which is connected with the third safety electromagnetic valve 325, and a flame detector is used for detecting the state of the flame. The flame controller 230 has signal amplification and processing functions inside, and can judge the presence or absence of the flame according to the strength of the signal, and automatically control the opening and closing of the valve on the gas pipeline.

[0140] As an example, the flame detector adopts ion sensing technology, and can automatically detect the state of the flame. The flame detector can detect whether the ignition assembly is successfully ignited after the ignition assembly is automatically ignited. Only when it is ensured that the ignition is successful, the main burner can be further opened, so as to ensure that all the combustible gas flowing out of the main burner can be ignited by the ignition assembly, thereby ensuring the safety of the simulation process.

[0141] The new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training device provided in the present embodiment can be used for simulating the real scene of the fire of the new energy vehicle, and training the firemen to master the key points of the fire extinguishing technology.

[0142] As an example, a fire model of battery pack thermal runaway is designed by taking a battery pack of an electric vehicle as an example. The battery pack comprises 8 module battery packs, which are arranged in 2 groups of 2x2. Each module comprises 12 battery cells, and the total capacity of the battery pack is 13kWh. The parameters of the battery cells are as follows:

[0143] Battery cell parameters

[0144] Cell parameters Value Type Large format prismatic cell Nominal cell capacity (Ah) 37 Nominal voltage (V) 3.65 Mass (g) 820 Specific energy density (Wh / kg) 164.7 Chemistry Graphite / NMC111 Electrolyte EC / DMC Battery separator PE-PP-PE Housing Aluminum Packaging material Plastic

[0145] For the aforementioned battery cell, the energy of a single cell is 37Ah × 3.65V = 135Wh, and the mass of the cell is 0.82kg. Referring to a similar chemical system of a pouch cell, assuming its calorific value is 4MJ / kg and its combustion efficiency is 0.8, its maximum heat release rate is calculated as follows:

[0146]

[0147] The duration of thermal runaway combustion in a single battery cell is:

[0148]

[0149] Based on the above calculations, and under the following conditions:

[0150] (1) The thermal runaway trigger of a single cell is entirely determined by temperature. When the cell temperature reaches 200°C, the thermal runaway of the battery will occur immediately.

[0151] (2) The heat release rate of a single cell is 38kW, and the duration of thermal runaway is 70s;

[0152] (3) Thermal runaway propagation of cells first occurs within a single module. Only after all cells in a single module have experienced thermal runaway will thermal runaway propagation between modules occur.

[0153] (4) The thermal runaway propagation trigger time between battery cells conforms to an exponential distribution law;

[0154] Based on the above conditions, the combustion simulation control system in the new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training device is used to simulate and determine the propagation process of the battery pack among the three modules. Figure 6 As shown.

[0155] At the same time, when the new energy vehicle lithium battery combustion model simulates and determines the propagation process of the battery pack among the three modules, it generates corresponding combustion mode control commands; the combustion simulation control system can send the generated combustion mode control commands to the combustion control component.

[0156] The combustion control component can generate corresponding specific control commands based on the combustion mode control commands to control the combustion system and the gas supply system.

[0157] The gas supply system regulates and controls the gas supply according to control commands, that is, it adjusts parameters such as the type, flow rate, and pressure of the gas supplied; at the same time, the combustion system completes the ignition and combustion flame adjustment, and the combination of the two forms a combustion flame corresponding to different combustion modes of lithium batteries in new energy vehicles.

[0158] This allows for the simulation of real-world fire scenarios involving new energy vehicles, effectively training firefighters to master relevant firefighting techniques.

[0159] The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the application. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the application to the exact construction and practice described. Accordingly, all such variations and modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the application as defined in the following claims and the equivalents thereof.

Claims

1. A new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training device, characterized in that, The vehicle body, the combustion system, the gas supply and control system; The vehicle body is the basic carrier of the training device and constitutes a training environment; The combustion system is arranged in the vehicle body to simulate the state of lithium battery fire of a new energy vehicle in a training environment built by the vehicle body in a gas combustion mode; In the gas supply and control system, a single cell thermal runaway is taken as the starting point of new energy vehicle fire, the single cell thermal runaway trigger temperature is determined, then a cell thermal runaway propagation model is established based on square cell chemical reaction kinetics and six surface heat transfer equations, and the thermal runaway propagation between battery modules and the influence of high temperature environment of the entire battery pack are introduced to establish a new energy vehicle lithium battery combustion model by quantitative modeling. Based on the established new energy vehicle lithium battery combustion model, three important states of new energy vehicle lithium battery combustion are simulated: battery abuse state -> thermal runaway state -> thermal runaway propagation state, and corresponding combustion mode control instructions are formed according to the simulation of each state, which can be sent to the combustion system for gas supply and intelligent control of the combustion system to simulate the fire occurrence and development process of the new energy vehicle. 2.The new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle body is a full stainless steel structure, and the vehicle body is provided with a plurality of breaking structures. 3.The new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The combustion system includes a main burner and an ignition assembly, the main burner is arranged at the bottom of the vehicle body, the main burner has a shape of a real battery pack of an electric vehicle, the lower part is an open structure, and the upper part is a closed structure, which is used to simulate the real form of the electric vehicle bottom battery pack fire, and the flame overflows from the bottom to the surrounding, and the ignition assembly is arranged in cooperation with the main burner.

4. The new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ignition assembly includes an ignition burner and an ignition control module, the ignition burner is arranged in cooperation with the main burner, and the ignition control module is connected with the ignition burner. 5.The new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas supply and control system includes a gas control assembly, an ignition control assembly, a gas purging assembly and a combustion control assembly; The gas control assembly is connected with the combustion gas source and the combustion system, and adjusts and controls the state of the gas entering the combustion system for main combustion; The ignition control assembly is connected with the combustion gas source and the combustion system, and adjusts and controls the state of the gas entering the combustion system for ignition; The gas purging assembly is connected with the purging gas source and the combustion system, and adjusts and controls the state of the purging gas entering the combustion system; The combustion control assembly is connected and coordinates the cooperation between the gas control assembly, the ignition control assembly, the gas purging assembly and the combustion system to simulate the fire occurrence and development process of the new energy vehicle. 6.The new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The combustion control assembly includes a combustion state detector and a combustion controller, the combustion state detector judges whether the fire extinguishing agent acts on the fire position, collects the condition of the fire extinguishing agent action by detecting the temperature change, feeds back the signal to the combustion controller, and the combustion controller controls the combustion system to form a simulated flame. 7.The new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas supply and control system further includes a flame detector, which is located at the end of the ignition assembly and is used to detect whether the ignition assembly ignites successfully.

8. A new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training control method, characterized in that, The control method is based on the new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training device of any one of claims 1-7, a training environment is formed by constructing a vehicle body, and the state of the new energy vehicle lithium battery fire is simulated by using the gas combustion method in the vehicle body, and the development process of the new energy vehicle fire is simulated by controlling the dynamic change of the flame. 9.The new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The control method establishes a new energy vehicle lithium battery combustion model to simulate three important states of the new energy vehicle lithium battery combustion: battery abuse state -> thermal runaway state -> thermal runaway spread state, and form corresponding burning mode control instructions according to the simulation of each state; The control method sends the formed burning mode control instructions to the combustion control component. 10.The new energy vehicle lithium battery fire emergency rescue simulation training control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The control method further includes a nitrogen purging control step.

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