Fuel cell and method for operating the same

Abstract

The application provides a fuel cell and a method for operating the same. The fuel cell comprises: a stack, the stack having a stacking direction; a first dummy cell and a second dummy cell, the first dummy cell and the second dummy cell being respectively arranged at two ends of the stack in the stacking direction and respectively abutting against the stack; the first dummy cell having a first cavity, the second dummy cell having a second cavity; and a gas source, the gas source being configured to inject gas into the first cavity and the second cavity when the fuel cell is started at an ambient temperature lower than a first preset temperature to form thermal insulation at two opposite ends of the stack in the stacking direction. The application aims to solve the technical problem that the temperature of the first and last single cells is difficult to rise when the fuel cell is cold started in the prior art.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery equipment, in particular to a fuel cell and a method for operating the same. BACKGROUND

[0002] A hydrogen fuel cell is a clean battery equipment. The hydrogen fuel cell generally comprises an electric stack formed by stacking a plurality of single cells. End plates are generally arranged at both ends of the plurality of single cells in the stacking direction, and current collecting plates for collecting generated power are arranged in the end plates.

[0003] When the electric stack generates power, the temperature of each single cell is raised by heat generated by internal electrochemical reactions. The temperature of the first and last single cells at both ends of the electric stack is raised more slowly than the temperature of the single cells at the center position due to the influence of the external environment. When the electric stack is started at a low ambient temperature, the temperature of the first and last single cells is difficult to rise, which leads to a decrease in the performance and life of the fuel cell. SUMMARY

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a fuel cell and a method for operating the same, which aims to solve the technical problem that the temperature of the first and last single cells is difficult to rise when the fuel cell is cold started in the prior art.

[0005] The present application provides a fuel cell, comprising:

[0006] an electric stack, the electric stack having a stacking direction;

[0007] a first dummy cell and a second dummy cell, the first dummy cell and the second dummy cell being arranged at both ends of the electric stack in the stacking direction and abutting against the electric stack respectively, the first dummy cell having a first cavity, and the second dummy cell having a second cavity; and

[0008] a gas source, the gas source being configured to inject gas into the first cavity and the second cavity;

[0009] a controller, the controller being configured to control the gas source to inject gas into the first cavity and the second cavity to form thermal insulation at both ends of the electric stack in the stacking direction when the ambient temperature is lower than a first preset temperature and the fuel cell needs to be started.

[0010] Optionally, the fuel cell further comprises a first pipeline and a second pipeline, the first pipeline being configured to communicate the first cavity and the second cavity, and the second pipeline being in communication with the gas source and one of the first cavity and the second cavity.

[0011] Optionally, the fuel cell further comprises a third pipe and an exhaust device, the third pipe being in communication with one of the first cavity and the second cavity; the exhaust device being arranged on the third pipe; the controller is further configured to control the exhaust device to exhaust the gas in the first cavity and the second cavity when the operating temperature of the stack reaches a second preset temperature; wherein the second preset temperature is higher than the first preset temperature.

[0012] Optionally, the fuel cell further comprises a cooling liquid source; the cooling liquid source is used to inject cooling liquid into the first cavity and the second cavity; the controller is configured to control the cooling liquid source to deliver cooling liquid into the first cavity and the second cavity if the operating temperature of the stack is higher than a third preset temperature; the third preset temperature is higher than the first preset temperature; wherein the cooling liquid source and the gas source are configured to operate at different times.

[0013] Optionally, the fuel cell further comprises a fourth pipe and a fifth pipe; the fourth pipe is configured to communicate the first cavity and the second cavity; the cooling liquid source is in communication with the fifth pipe, and the fifth pipe is in communication with one of the first cavity and the second cavity.

[0014] Optionally, the fuel cell further comprises a sixth pipe, the sixth pipe being in communication with the other one of the first cavity and the second cavity, for exhausting the heat-exchanged cooling liquid out of the first dummy cell and the second dummy cell.

[0015] Optionally, the fuel cell further comprises a heat exchange device, the heat exchange device being in communication with the sixth pipe, for cooling the heat-exchanged cooling liquid; the heat exchange device is in communication with the cooling liquid source, for returning the cooled cooling liquid into the cooling liquid source.

[0016] Optionally, the stack comprises a plurality of single cells arranged at intervals along the stacking direction; each single cell has a membrane electrode assembly; the projection of the membrane electrode assembly on the first dummy cell is located in the first cavity; the projection of the membrane electrode assembly on the second dummy cell is located in the second cavity.

[0017] The application further provides a method for operating a fuel cell, the fuel cell comprising a stack, a first dummy cell, a second dummy cell and a gas source; the first dummy cell and the second dummy cell are located at the two ends of the stack in the stacking direction and respectively abut against the stack; the method comprises:

[0018] obtaining a control instruction for starting the fuel cell;

[0019] obtaining an ambient temperature;

[0020] If the ambient temperature is lower than a first preset temperature, the gas source is controlled to inject gas into the first dummy cell and the second dummy cell.

[0021] Optionally, the fuel cell further comprises a cooling liquid source; the operation control method further comprises: during the operation of the fuel cell, obtaining an operating temperature of the stack; if the operating temperature is higher than a third preset temperature, the cooling liquid source is controlled to inject cooling liquid into the first dummy cell and the second dummy cell; wherein the third preset temperature is higher than the first preset temperature.

[0022] In the embodiments of the present application, when the fuel cell needs to be cold started, the gas source is used to inject gas into the first cavity and the second cavity of the first dummy cell and the second dummy cell located at the two ends of the stack, so as to form thermal insulation at the two opposite ends of the stack in the stacking direction, so that the single cells at the two ends of the stack are less affected by the low temperature of the environment, and the heat exchange with the external environment is reduced, so that when the fuel cell is cold started, the single cells at the two ends of the stack in the stacking direction can be quickly heated, and the failure rate of cold start is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments or the prior art description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of the drawings shown.

[0024] Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a fuel cell of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of a first dummy cell or a second dummy cell in the fuel cell of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 Fig. 3 is a communication structure schematic diagram of the first dummy cell and the second dummy cell in the fuel cell of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 Fig. 4 is a layout schematic diagram of the first dummy cell or the second dummy cell and the membrane electrode in the fuel cell of the present application.

[0028] LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0029]

[0030] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] With reference to the drawings and the embodiments of the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all the other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative work are within the protection scope of the present application.

[0032] It should be noted that all the direction indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, and the like) in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement condition and the like between components in a certain specific posture (as shown in the drawings), and if the specific posture changes, the direction indications also change accordingly.

[0033] In the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms “connection”, “fixation” and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, “fixation” can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral; can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; can be direct connection, or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; can be internal connection of two elements or interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise explicitly limited. For a person of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0034] In addition, if the present application has descriptions involving “first”, “second” and the like, the descriptions of “first”, “second” and the like are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features limited by “first” and “second” can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In addition, the meaning of “and / or” appearing throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, “A and / or B” includes A solution, or B solution, or A and B solutions. In addition, the technical solutions of each embodiment can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that a person of ordinary skill in the art can realize it, and when the combination of technical solutions appears contradictory or unachievable, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present application.

[0035] A fuel cell generally comprises a plurality of single cells stacked to form an electric stack. The electric stack has end plates at two ends in the stacking direction. With the development of low-carbon economy, the application of fuel cells in low-temperature environments is also gradually increasing. For example, new energy vehicles powered by fuel cells need to be started in winter temperatures. However, during the low-temperature starting process of the fuel cell, the head single cell and the tail single cell located at the opposite ends of the electric stack in the stacking direction are more easily affected by the external environment because they are located outside the electric stack, and thus are not easy to warm up, resulting in that the fuel cell is difficult to work normally, and even the fuel cell is difficult to be started. To this end, the embodiments of the present application propose a fuel cell, which aims to solve the technical problem that the temperature of the first and last single cells is difficult to rise during the cold start of the fuel cell in the prior art.

[0036] Specifically, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the present application proposes a fuel cell, comprising:

[0037] an electric stack 100, the electric stack 100 having a stacking direction;

[0038] a first dummy cell 200 and a second dummy cell 300, the first dummy cell 200 and the second dummy cell 300 being respectively arranged at two ends of the electric stack 100 in the stacking direction and respectively abutting against the electric stack 100; the first dummy cell 200 has a first cavity S1, and the second dummy cell 300 has a second cavity S2; and

[0039] a gas source 400, the gas source 400 being configured to inject gas into the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2;

[0040] a controller, the controller being configured to, in a case where the fuel cell needs to be started when the ambient temperature is lower than a first preset temperature, control the gas source 400 to inject gas into the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2 to form thermal insulation at the two opposite ends of the electric stack 100 in the stacking direction.

[0041] In the embodiments of the present application, when the fuel cell needs to be cold started, the controller controls the gas source 400 to inject gas into the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2 of the first dummy cell 200 and the second dummy cell 300 located at the two ends of the electric stack 100, so as to form thermal insulation at the two opposite ends of the electric stack 100 in the stacking direction, so that the single cells at the two ends of the electric stack 100 in the stacking direction are less affected by the low temperature of the environment, and the heat exchange amount with the external environment is reduced, so that the single cells at the two ends of the electric stack 100 in the stacking direction can be quickly warmed up when the fuel cell is cold started, and the failure rate of cold starting is reduced.

[0042] It should be noted that the controller is electrically connected with the gas source 400. The gas source 400 generally comprises a gas tank, a gas pump and a gas valve. During the low-temperature start-up, the controller controls the gas pump to operate and controls the gas valve to open, so that the gas in the gas tank can enter into the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2. Generally, in the fuel cell, the gas tank generally stores the gas used for power generation of the fuel cell stack 100. That is, during the cold start-up of the fuel cell, a small part of the gas in the gas tank is distributed to form thermal insulation, and the other part is used for power generation of the fuel cell.

[0043] In the embodiment, the first preset temperature is determined according to the specific performance of the fuel cell. Generally, the first preset temperature is lower than 0℃. In the embodiment, the controller obtains the ambient temperature. The controller can obtain the ambient temperature by a temperature sensor arranged on the fuel cell, a temperature sensor on the device using the fuel cell, or by obtaining from a weather system.

[0044] Further, it should be noted that the first dummy cell 200 and the second dummy cell 300 are fixed at two ends of the fuel cell stack 100 and are tightly connected with end plates at two ends of the fuel cell.

[0045] As an optional implementation of the above embodiment, as shown in Figure 3 The fuel cell further comprises a first pipeline 410 and a second pipeline 420; the first pipeline 410 is configured to communicate the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2; the second pipeline 420 communicates with the gas source 400 and communicates with one of the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2. In this embodiment, the gas source 400 can communicate with any one of the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2. The first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2 are communicated through the first pipeline 410. When the gas source 400 injects gas into any one of the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2, the gas will flow to the other one, so that the first dummy cell 200 and the second dummy cell 300 can be filled with gas to form thermal insulation.

[0046] As an optional implementation of the above embodiment, the fuel cell further comprises a third pipeline 430 and an exhaust device 440, the third pipeline 430 is in communication with one of the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2; the exhaust device 440 is arranged on the third pipeline 430; the controller is further configured to control the exhaust device 440 to exhaust the gas in the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2 when the operating temperature of the stack 100 reaches a second preset temperature; and the second preset temperature is higher than the first preset temperature. In the embodiment, after the cold start of the fuel cell is successful, the operating temperature of the stack 100 rises due to the heat generated by the electrochemical reaction inside the fuel cell within a certain time; therefore, when the operating temperature of the stack 100 reaches the second preset temperature, the gas in the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2 is exhausted through the exhaust device 440, so that the single cells at both ends of the stack 100 in the stacking direction can exchange heat with the external environment, and the efficiency of heat dissipation is improved.

[0047] In the embodiment, the exhaust device 440 can be an exhaust valve or a suction pump. The gas exhausted by the exhaust device 440 can be collected into a collection tank. The collected gas can be sent back to the gas source 400 after being purified, or can be emptied (the medium in the gas source 400 is usually air, not hydrogen).

[0048] In the embodiment, the temperature of the stack 100 rises gradually during the cold start of the fuel cell. In the above embodiment, the heat dissipation is performed by the way that the gas in the first dummy cell 200 and the second dummy cell 300 is exhausted, so that the stack 100 can exchange heat with the external environment; however, the effect of this heat dissipation way has certain limitations. In addition, the start of the fuel cell is not only in a cold environment, therefore, in order to improve the heat dissipation effect, in the technical solution of the embodiment of the application, as an optional implementation of the above embodiment, the fuel cell further comprises a cooling liquid source 500; the cooling liquid source 500 is used for injecting cooling liquid into the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2; the controller is configured to control the cooling liquid source 500 to deliver cooling liquid into the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2 if the operating temperature of the stack 100 is higher than a third preset temperature; the third preset temperature is higher than the first preset temperature; and the cooling liquid source 500 and the gas source 400 are started separately at the same time.

[0049] The first case: the fuel cell is cold started, the gas in the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2 is exhausted when the temperature of the stack 100 gradually rises to the second preset temperature; and the cooling liquid source 500 is used to inject cooling liquid into the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2 when the temperature of the stack 100 gradually rises to the third preset temperature.

[0050] The second case: the fuel cell is not cold started (i.e. started at an ambient temperature higher than the first preset temperature), and when the temperature of the stack 100 gradually rises to the third preset temperature, the cooling liquid source 500 injects cooling liquid into the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2 for heat exchange.

[0051] In this embodiment, at a certain time, only one of the gas source 400 and the cooling liquid source 500 injects gas or cooling liquid into the first dummy cell 200 and the second dummy cell 300.

[0052] In addition, it should be further explained that the fuel cell further comprises a liquid discharge device. If the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2 are filled with cooling liquid during the cold start of the fuel cell, the controller controls the liquid discharge device to discharge the cooling liquid inside and inject gas inside.

[0053] It should be noted that the cooling liquid source 500 generally comprises a cooling liquid tank, a cooling liquid pump and a cooling liquid valve. When the temperature of the stack 100 exceeds the third preset temperature, the controller controls the cooling liquid pump to operate and controls the cooling liquid valve to open, so that the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid tank can enter the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2. Generally, in a fuel cell, the cooling liquid tank generally stores cooling liquid for cooling. That is, a small part of the cooling liquid in the cooling liquid tank is distributed to flow into the first dummy cell 200 and the second dummy cell 300 during the cooling process of the fuel cell, and the other part flows into the stack 100.

[0054] As an optional implementation of the above embodiment, the fuel cell further comprises a fourth pipeline 510 and a fifth pipeline 520; the fourth pipeline 510 is configured to communicate the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2; the cooling liquid source 500 communicates with the fifth pipeline 520, and the fifth pipeline 520 communicates with one of the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2. In this embodiment, the cooling liquid source 500 can communicate with any one of the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2. The first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2 are communicated through the fourth pipeline 510. When the cooling liquid source 500 injects cooling liquid into any one of the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2, the cooling liquid will flow to the other one, so that the first dummy cell 200 and the second dummy cell 300 can be filled with cooling liquid to start cooling.

[0055] As an optional implementation of the above embodiment, the fuel cell further comprises a sixth pipeline 530, which communicates with the other one of the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2, for discharging the heat-exchanged cooling liquid from the first dummy cell 200 and the second dummy cell 300.

[0056] In some embodiments, a drainage pump or a drainage valve is arranged on the sixth conduit 530. When the fuel cell needs to be cold started after being stopped, the controller controls the drainage pump or the drainage valve to drain the heat-exchanged cooling liquid in the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2 out of the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2, so as to reserve space for injecting gas.

[0057] In some other embodiments, in order to improve the cooling efficiency, the heat-exchanged cooling liquid is drained out of the first dummy cell 200 and the second dummy cell 300 through the sixth conduit 530, and the cooling liquid in the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2 is in a flowing state. Further, as an optional implementation of the above-mentioned embodiments, the fuel cell further comprises a heat exchange device 540, which is in communication with the sixth conduit 530 and is used for cooling the heat-exchanged cooling liquid; the heat exchange device 540 is in communication with the cooling liquid source 500 and is used for returning the cooled cooling liquid to the cooling liquid source 500. In an embodiment, the heat exchange device 540 is in communication with the cooling liquid source 500 through a seventh conduit 550. In this embodiment, the heat exchange device 540 generally comprises a heat exchange pipe and a heat exchange cavity. There is another cooling medium in the heat exchange cavity. The heat exchange pipe is arranged in the heat exchange cavity in a certain manner. The heat exchange pipe is in communication with the sixth conduit 530. The heat-exchanged cooling liquid has a high temperature, and after passing through the heat exchange pipe, the heat-exchanged cooling liquid exchanges heat with the other cooling medium, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid is reduced, and the cooling liquid can further flow into the cooling liquid source 500, so that the cooling liquid is in a circulating use state.

[0058] As an optional implementation of the above-mentioned embodiments, the stack 100 comprises a plurality of single cells arranged at intervals along the stacking direction; each of the single cells has a membrane electrode assembly; a projection of the membrane electrode assembly on the first dummy cell 200 is located in the first cavity S1; and a projection of the membrane electrode assembly on the second dummy cell 300 is located in the second cavity S2. Since the membrane electrode assembly corresponds to the core area of each cell in the stack 100 where electrochemical reaction occurs, the membrane electrode assembly is also an area where heat is concentrated. Therefore, as shown in the figure, the projections of the membrane electrode assemblies in the first cavity S1 and the second cavity S2 can effectively promote the heat generated in this area to effectively increase the temperature of the two end cell monomers; at the same time, when heat dissipation is needed, the projections of the membrane electrode assemblies can also effectively absorb the heat generated in this area, so as to improve the heat dissipation effect. Figure 4

[0059] ​In the above embodiments, the first preset temperature, the second preset temperature and the third preset temperature are preset parameters determined according to the operating performance of the fuel cell, and different values can be set under different working conditions, which will not be described in detail herein. The operating temperature of the stack can be the temperature of the cooling liquid flowing out of the stack, or can be measured by arranging a temperature sensor on the stack.

[0060] The present application also provides a method for operating a fuel cell, the fuel cell comprising a stack, a first dummy cell, a second dummy cell and a gas source; the first dummy cell and the second dummy cell are located at two ends of the stack in the stacking direction and abut against the stack respectively; the method comprising:

[0061] When a control instruction for starting the fuel cell is obtained, an ambient temperature is obtained.

[0062] If the ambient temperature is lower than a first preset temperature, the gas source is controlled to inject gas into the first dummy cell and the second dummy cell.

[0063] In the embodiments of the present application, when a control instruction for starting the fuel cell is received, if the ambient temperature is lower than a preset temperature, the operating state of the fuel cell is a cold start state, at this time, the gas source is controlled to inject gas into the first cavity and the second cavity of the first dummy cell and the second dummy cell located at two ends of the stack, so as to form thermal insulation at the two opposite ends of the stack in the stacking direction, so that the single cells at the two ends of the stack in the stacking direction are less affected by the low temperature of the environment, and the heat exchange amount with the external environment is reduced, so that when the fuel cell is cold started, the single cells at the two ends of the stack in the stacking direction can be quickly heated, and the failure rate of cold start is reduced.

[0064] As an optional implementation manner of the above embodiments, the fuel cell further comprises a cooling liquid source; the method for operating the fuel cell further comprises: obtaining an operating temperature of the stack during the operation of the fuel cell; if the operating temperature is higher than a third preset temperature, the cooling liquid source is controlled to inject cooling liquid into the first dummy cell and the second dummy cell; wherein the third preset temperature is higher than the first preset temperature.

[0065] In this embodiment, if the fuel cell is cold started, the gas in the first cavity and the second cavity is discharged when the temperature of the stack gradually rises to the second preset temperature; when the temperature of the stack gradually rises to the third preset temperature, the cooling liquid source is controlled to inject cooling liquid into the first cavity and the second cavity for heat exchange.

[0066] In this embodiment, if the fuel cell is not cold started (i.e. started at an ambient temperature higher than the first preset temperature), when the temperature of the stack gradually rises to the third preset temperature, the cooling liquid source is injected into the first cavity and the second cavity at this time to absorb the heat of the stack, so as to avoid the stack from running at a high temperature.

[0067] Further, it should be noted that the controller comprises at least one processor, at least one memory, and a control program of the operation control method of the fuel cell stored in the memory and executable on the processor, and the control program of the operation control method of the fuel cell is configured to implement the steps of the control method as described above. The control method specifically comprises:

[0068] obtaining a control instruction for starting the fuel cell;

[0069] obtaining an ambient temperature;

[0070] If the ambient temperature is lower than the first preset temperature, the gas source is controlled to inject gas into the first dummy cell and the second dummy cell.

[0071] Further, in the process of the operation of the fuel cell, the operating temperature of the stack is obtained; if the operating temperature is higher than the third preset temperature, the cooling liquid source is controlled to inject the cooling liquid source into the first dummy cell and the second dummy cell; wherein the third preset temperature is higher than the first preset temperature.

[0072] The processor can include one or more processing cores, such as a 4-core processor, an 8-core processor, etc. The memory can include one or more computer-readable storage media, which can be non-transitory. The memory can also include a high-speed random access memory, and a non-volatile memory such as one or more disk storage devices, flash memory storage devices. In some embodiments, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium in the memory is used to store at least one instruction for being executed by the processor to implement the operation control method of the fuel cell provided by the method embodiment in the present application.

[0073] The above is only an optional embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application, and any equivalent structural transformation made by using the contents of the present application specification and drawings, or directly / indirectly applied in other related technical fields is included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A fuel cell, characterized by comprising: The fuel cell comprises: a stack having a stacking direction; a first dummy cell and a second dummy cell, which are respectively arranged at two ends of the stack in the stacking direction and respectively abut against the stack; the first dummy cell has a first cavity, and the second dummy cell has a second cavity; and a gas source configured to inject gas into the first cavity and the second cavity; a controller configured to control the gas source to inject gas into the first cavity and the second cavity to form thermal insulation at the two ends of the stack in the stacking direction when an ambient temperature is lower than a first preset temperature and the fuel cell needs to be started; the fuel cell further comprises a cooling liquid source configured to inject cooling liquid into the first cavity and the second cavity; the controller is configured to control the cooling liquid source to deliver cooling liquid into the first cavity and the second cavity when an operating temperature of the stack is higher than a third preset temperature, the third preset temperature being higher than the first preset temperature; wherein the cooling liquid source and the gas source are configured to operate at different times. The fuel cell further comprises a first pipe and a second pipe; 2. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein the first pipe is configured to communicate the first cavity and the second cavity; the second pipe communicates with the gas source and one of the first cavity and the second cavity. The fuel cell further comprises a third pipe and an exhaust device, the third pipe communicates with one of the first cavity and the second cavity; 3. The fuel cell of claim 2, wherein the exhaust device is arranged on the third pipe; the controller is further configured to control the exhaust device to exhaust gas in the first cavity and the second cavity when an operating temperature of the stack reaches a second preset temperature, the second preset temperature being higher than the first preset temperature. The fuel cell further comprises a fourth pipe and a fifth pipe; the fourth pipe is configured to communicate the first cavity and the second cavity; the cooling liquid source communicates with the fifth pipe, and the fifth pipe communicates with one of the first cavity and the second cavity.

4. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein The fuel cell further comprises a sixth pipe, which communicates with the other one of the first cavity and the second cavity, for exhausting the heat-exchanged cooling liquid out of the first dummy cell and the second dummy cell.

5. The fuel cell of claim 4, wherein The fuel cell further comprises a heat exchange device, which communicates with the sixth pipe, for cooling the heat-exchanged cooling liquid; the heat exchange device communicates with the cooling liquid source, for returning the cooled cooling liquid into the cooling liquid source.

6. The fuel cell of claim 5, wherein The stack comprises a plurality of single cells arranged at intervals along the stacking direction; each single cell has a membrane electrode assembly; 7. The fuel cell of claim 1, wherein a projection of the membrane electrode assembly on the first dummy cell is located in the first cavity, and a projection of the membrane electrode assembly on the second dummy cell is located in the second cavity. ​ 8. A method of operating control of a fuel cell, characterized by, The fuel cell comprises a stack, a first dummy cell, a second dummy cell and a gas source; the first dummy cell and the second dummy cell are located at two ends of the stack in a stacking direction and abut against the stack respectively; the method comprises: when a control instruction for starting the fuel cell is acquired, an ambient temperature is acquired; if the ambient temperature is lower than a first preset temperature, the gas source is controlled to inject gas into the first dummy cell and the second dummy cell; The fuel cell is the fuel cell according to any one of claims 1-7.

9. The operation control method according to Claim 8, characterized by, The fuel cell further comprises a cooling liquid source; The operation control method further comprises: during the operation of the fuel cell, the operating temperature of the stack is acquired; if the operating temperature is higher than a third preset temperature, the cooling liquid source is controlled to inject cooling liquid into the first dummy cell and the second dummy cell; wherein the third preset temperature is higher than the first preset temperature.

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