A static regulation supporting system for dangerous rock masonry of brick-arch cavern

Abstract

The application provides a kind of dangerous rock masonry static regulation supporting system for brick arch cavern, comprising main lever mechanism, sub lever mechanism and top support, the main lever mechanism and the sub lever mechanism are supported on the roof of the brick arch cavern by the top support, a plurality of sub lever mechanisms are connected on both sides of the main lever mechanism correspondingly and are distributed in fan shape on one section of the brick arch cavern; the dangerous rock and unstable masonry existing in the roof of the stone cultural relic brick arch structure cavern are statically regulated and supported by the main lever mechanism, the sub lever mechanism and the top support, one-column support and multi-point dispersed load transfer are realized to solve the safety problem, the supporting system is stress-adjustable, stress is dispersed, load is decomposed, the strain problem caused by structural movement and thermal expansion and cold contraction is solved, the lower utilization space is scientifically and effectively expanded, and the irregular cultural relic brick arch structure cavern is adapted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of roof support for brick arch structure caverns, specifically relating to a static control support system for unstable rock masonry in brick arch caverns. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional cavern support methods mainly include anchor bolt and shotcrete support, concrete masonry arch support, shed support, or metal steel beam support. Traditional support methods are more commonly used in underground engineering such as tunnels and roadways. They are difficult to apply to caverns in grottoes that are small and complex, have uneven structures, are of high value, have dangerous rock and masonry on the roof, and are extremely sensitive to stress and support materials. This makes the emergency reinforcement of dangerous rock caverns in Chinese grottoes, especially those with brick arch structures, very difficult.

[0003] How to use static control support methods to provide timely and effective safe and controllable support for the roof slabs of caves, especially brick arch cave slabs, which are highly dangerous and sensitive to human disturbance in the field of cultural relic protection engineering, solve the problem of the difficulty in effectively supporting the dangerous rock masonry in brick arch caves, and the problem of strain control of the support system when dangerous rock and masonry exist on the roof slab at the same time, and at the same time scientifically and effectively expand the usable space under the cave, is an engineering challenge in the field of geotechnical engineering of grotto temples in my country.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved technical solution that addresses the shortcomings of the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. This invention provides a static control support system for dangerous rock masonry in brick arch caverns.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A static control support system for unstable rock masonry in a brick arch cavern includes a main support mechanism, a branch support mechanism, and a top support component. The main support mechanism and the branch support mechanism are supported on the top plate of the brick arch cavern by the top support component. Multiple branch support mechanisms are connected to both sides of the main support mechanism and are distributed in a fan shape on one cross section of the brick arch cavern.

[0008] The main lever mechanism includes:

[0009] The main rod has one end supported on the ground and the other end supported on the lower surface of the top support member.

[0010] The first support rod, and a plurality of the first support rods are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main rod. One end of the first support rod is hinged to the middle of the main rod, and the other end is supported on both sides of the top support member.

[0011] The splitting mechanism includes:

[0012] The branch rod has one end hinged to the middle of the main rod and the other end supported on the lower surface of the top support member.

[0013] The second support rod, and multiple second support rods are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the branch rod. One end of the second support rod is hinged to the middle of the branch rod, and the other end is supported on both sides of the top support member.

[0014] Preferably, on the same side of the main lever mechanism, the hinge points of the plurality of branch lever mechanisms are distributed at equal intervals along the longitudinal direction.

[0015] Preferably, the top support is an arc-shaped frame corresponding to the top plate of the brick arched cavern, formed by connecting a crossbar and an arch frame;

[0016] The crossbar extends along the axial direction of the brick arch chamber, and at least one crossbar is provided above each of the branch bar mechanisms and the main bar mechanism;

[0017] The arch frame extends along the arched arc of the brick arched chamber, with at least one arch frame located above the main rod and the branch rod, and multiple arch frames located above multiple second supports or the first support respectively.

[0018] Preferably, the top support member has a cantilever corresponding to the unstable rock block on its side, and the cantilever extends along the length of the crossbar.

[0019] Preferably, the arch frame is a multi-segment structure, and any two segments are detachably connected by bolts.

[0020] Preferably, the main rod includes an upper main rod and a lower main rod connected by a top support screw. The upper main rod includes two sections connected by a stress gauge, and the two ends of the stress gauge are provided with flanges corresponding to the two sections of the upper main rod.

[0021] Preferably, the first support rod, the branch rod, and the second support rod each include two sections supported by a top support screw.

[0022] Preferably, the threads at both ends of the top support screw are opposite to each other, and a socket is provided in the middle of the top support screw.

[0023] Preferably, the main rod, the branch rod, the first support rod, and the second support rod are respectively hinged to the top support member.

[0024] Preferably, the lower end of the main rod is supported on the ground by a base, and the base and the main rod are hinged by a universal ball joint.

[0025] Beneficial effects: By using the main support mechanism, branch support mechanism and top support components, static control and support are provided for the unstable rock and masonry on the roof of the brick arch structure cave of the stone cultural relic. This achieves one-column support and multi-point load distribution to solve safety issues. The support system is adjustable in force, disperses stress and decomposes loads, solves the strain problems caused by tectonic movement and thermal expansion and contraction, and scientifically and effectively expands the usable space below, adapting to irregular brick arch structure caves of cultural relics. Attached Figure Description

[0026] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. Wherein:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a simplified top view of the support system in the supported state in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A simplified AA-direction cross-sectional view of the central support system;

[0029] Figure 3 for Figure 1 BB-direction sectional view of the central support system.

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Crossbar; 2. Arch frame; 3. Unstable rock block; 4. Plate-like component; 5. Bolt; 6. Cantilever; 7. Steering limit component; 8. Branch rod; 9. Top support screw; 10. Upper main rod; 11. Lower main rod; 12. Stress gauge; 13. Second support rod. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] In the description of this invention, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," and "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and do not require the invention to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. The terms "connected" and "linked" used in this invention should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection or a detachable connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through intermediate components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described herein can be combined with each other.

[0034] Traditional cave support methods are not suitable for caves in grottoes that are small, complex, structurally uneven, and of high value. How to use static control support methods to provide timely and effective safe and controllable support for the roofs of caves, especially brick arch caves, which are highly dangerous and sensitive to human disturbance in the field of cultural relic protection engineering, solve the problem of the difficulty in effectively supporting the dangerous rock masonry in brick arch caves, and the problem of strain control of the support system when dangerous rock and masonry exist on the roof at the same time, while scientifically and effectively expanding the usable space under the cave, is an engineering challenge in the field of geotechnical engineering of grottoes in my country.

[0035] like Figure 1 The diagram shows a simplified top view of the support system in its supported state. The support system consists of a main support mechanism, branch support mechanisms, and a top support component. The main support mechanism and branch support mechanisms support the top support component from bottom to top. The top support component is an arc-shaped frame adapted to the inner wall of the arch of the brick arch cavern, thus supporting the brick arch cavern. The top support component includes horizontal bars 1 and arch frames 2. The horizontal bars 1 extend along the axial direction of the brick arch cavern. There are multiple horizontal bars 1, and at least one horizontal bar 1 is located above each branch support mechanism 8 and the main support mechanism. This multi-point distribution of load transfer solves the safety problem. The support system has adjustable force, disperses stress, decomposes load, and solves the strain problems caused by structural movement and thermal expansion and contraction. The arch frames 2 extend along the arch arc of the brick arch cavern. At least one arch frame 2 is located above the main bar and branch support 8, and multiple arch frames 2 are located above multiple second support bars 13 or the first support bar.

[0036] exist Figure 1-2 In the embodiment shown, there is one main bar mechanism, six branch bar mechanisms, two first support bars on both sides of the same main bar, and two second support bars 13 on both sides of the same branch bar 8. Thus, there are at least seven crossbars 1 and at least three arch frames 2.

[0037] Of course, the support system can be adjusted according to the specific structure of the brick arch cave. The second support rods 13 on both sides of the same branch rod 8 can also be 4 or 6; the first support rods on both sides of the same main rod can be 4 or 6; and the branch rod mechanisms on both sides of the same main rod mechanism can be 4 or 8, so that the top support components can be adjusted accordingly.

[0038] like Figure 2 shown Figure 1The sectional view at point AA fully demonstrates the connection between the main support mechanism and the branch support mechanism. Multiple branch support mechanisms are set on both sides of the main support mechanism. These branch support mechanisms are distributed in a fan shape on one section of the brick arch cavern, thus forming a divergent force point on the top support component. This achieves the solution of the support problem of the brick arch cavern by supporting one column and distributing the load at multiple points.

[0039] The lengths of the multiple levers 8 gradually increase from near to far, so that the hinge points on the side of the main lever are longitudinally spaced, thus obtaining sufficient assembly space.

[0040] like Figure 3 shown Figure 1 The sectional view at BB in the figure fully demonstrates the structural schematic of the lever mechanism. Taking the two second support rods 13 set on both sides of the lever 8 in the figure as an example, one end of the two second support rods 13 is respectively hinged to both sides of the lever 8, and the other end is supported on both sides of the top support member, specifically, it is hinged to both ends of the corresponding crossbar 1.

[0041] In one optional embodiment, a static control support system for a brick arch cavern with unstable masonry includes a main support mechanism, branch support mechanisms, and a top support component. One end of the main support mechanism is supported on the ground, and the other end is supported on the top support component. The main support mechanism has multiple branch support mechanisms on both sides of one cross section of the brick arch cavern. The main support mechanism and the branch support mechanisms are supported on the top plate of the brick arch cavern by the top support component. The top support component is a grid-like arc-shaped frame spliced ​​from a crossbar 1 and an arch frame 2, which can fit tightly against the top plate of the brick arch cavern. The multiple branch support mechanisms are correspondingly connected to both sides of the main support mechanism and are distributed in a fan shape on one cross section of the brick arch cavern, realizing a support system with one column support and multiple points of distributed load transfer. This scientifically and effectively expands the usable space below, reduces the occupation of visible space, facilitates visits, and adapts to irregular brick arch cavern structures.

[0042] The main support mechanism includes a main rod and first support rods. The main rod is a thick-walled steel pipe. The diameter and wall thickness of the steel pipe should be determined according to the size of the top plate to be supported and the load. Generally, the diameter should not be less than 159 mm and the wall thickness should not be less than 10 mm. The main rod is the main supporting component of the lower part of the support system protected by this application. One end of the main rod is supported on the ground, and the other end is supported on the lower surface of the top support. Multiple first support rods are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main rod. One end of the first support rod is hinged to the middle of the main rod, and the other end is supported on both sides of the top support.

[0043] The sub-rod 8 mechanism includes sub-rod 8 and second support rod 13. Sub-rod 8 is a thick-walled steel pipe with a diameter of not less than 89mm and a wall thickness of not less than 8mm. The lower end of sub-rod 8 is hinged to the main rod through a hinge plate and a hinge shaft. The hinge plate extends along one of the cross sections of the brick arch cavern.

[0044] One end of the branch rod 8 is hinged to the middle of the main rod, and the other end is supported on the lower surface of the top support. The length of the branch rods 8 of the multiple branch rod mechanisms on the same side of the main rod gradually increases from near to far, so that the hinge points on the side of the main rod are longitudinally spaced to obtain sufficient assembly space.

[0045] Multiple second support rods 13 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the branch rod 8. One end of the second support rod 13 is hinged to the middle of the branch rod 8, and the other end is supported on both sides of the top support member.

[0046] In this embodiment, the first support rod is not shown in the figure, and the planes on the main rod where the first support rods are located are perpendicular to the planes on which the multiple branch rods 8 are located.

[0047] In an optional embodiment, on the same side of the main rod mechanism, the hinge points of multiple branch rod 8 mechanisms are distributed equidistantly along the longitudinal direction. Specifically, for multiple branch rod mechanisms on the same side of the main rod, the length of the branch rod 8 of the multiple branch rod mechanisms gradually increases from near to far, so that the hinge points of the multiple branch rods 8 on the side of the main rod are distributed longitudinally at intervals, thereby obtaining sufficient assembly space, reducing the occupation of visible space, facilitating visits, and adapting to irregular cultural relic brick arch structure caves.

[0048] In an optional embodiment, the top support is an arc-shaped frame corresponding to the top plate of the brick arch cavern, formed by connecting the crossbar 1 and the arch frame 2. The top support is an arc-shaped grid plane, thereby turning the point support of the main bar mechanism and the branch bar mechanism into a surface support, thereby increasing the contact area and ensuring the protection of the brick arch cavern.

[0049] In this embodiment, a shock-absorbing and buffering component is provided between the top support and the top plate of the brick arch chamber. The shock-absorbing and buffering component can be a rubber pad to prevent damage to the cultural relics and improve the control effect.

[0050] The crossbar 1 extends along the axial direction of the brick arch chamber, and the arch frame 2 extends along the arch arc of the brick arch chamber. The two are connected to each other to form a top support. There are multiple crossbars 1, and their number is at least equal to that of the branch bar 8 mechanism and the main bar mechanism, so as to ensure that there is at least one crossbar 1 above each branch bar 8 mechanism and the main bar mechanism.

[0051] The number of arch frames 2 is the sum of the number of main rods and first support rods in the same main lever mechanism, or the number of main rods and second support rods in the same branch lever mechanism, in which case the number of first support rods and second support rods 13 is the same, for example. Figure 2-3 There are two of each, so that at least one arch frame 2 is located above the main rod and branch rod 8; and multiple other arch frames 2 are located above multiple second support rods 13 or first support rods respectively.

[0052] In addition, the number of crossbars 1 and arch frames 2 can be increased as needed.

[0053] In this embodiment, steering limit components 7 are provided at the nodes of the grid corresponding to the top support member. The crossbar 1 and the arch frame 2 are both multi-segment structures and are connected to the steering limit components 7 to form the top support member.

[0054] In an optional embodiment, the side of the top support member is provided with a cantilever 6 corresponding to the unstable rock block 3. The cantilever 6 is connected to the steering limiting member 7 at the corresponding node, thereby extending along the length direction of the crossbar 1. The cantilever 6 can be a steel plate or a square tube, which is equivalent to extending the steel plate of the crossbar 1, and serves to connect the top support system and the lower support system as well as to support the irregular rock blocks nearby. The cantilever 6 is hinged to the steering limiting member 7 at the corresponding node.

[0055] Furthermore, the cantilever 6 has an indefinite length and can be set or not, depending on the surrounding unstable rock blocks 3. A jacking pipe can be set at the end of the cantilever 6 away from the top support, with the bottom of the jacking pipe supported on the ground to increase the stability of the cantilever 6.

[0056] In one optional embodiment, the crossbar 1 is made of heavy-duty channel steel with a specification of 12#, a height of 120mm, a leg width of 53mm, and a web thickness of 5.5mm. The arch frame 2 is a multi-segment structure with a specification larger than that of the heavy-duty channel steel of the crossbar 1. The channel steel has a specification of 14#, a height of 140mm, a leg width of 60mm, and a web thickness of 9.5mm.

[0057] In another optional embodiment, the crossbar 1 is also a multi-segment structure. A section of crossbar 1 is set between two adjacent arch frames 2 in the axial direction of the brick arch chamber. The upper ends of the main bar, the branch bar 8, the first support bar and the second support bar 13 are connected to the intersection of the corresponding crossbar 1 and the arch frame 2. A steering limiting component 7 is set at the intersection. The main body of the steering limiting component 7 is a square seat. Its side parts are hinged to the corresponding section of crossbar 1 and the arch frame 2 through hinges. An ear plate is set below, which is hinged to the upper ends of the main bar, the branch bar 8, the first support bar and the second support bar 13 through the ear plate.

[0058] The lugs of the steering limiting component 7 are parallel to the cross-section of the brick arch cavity. The main rod, branch rod 8, first support rod, and second support rod 13 are respectively hinged to the steering limiting component 7 at the corresponding nodes via hinge shafts, so that the support system can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0059] In this embodiment, the arch frame 2 between any two crossbars 1 is two segments, and the two segments of the arch frame 2 are detachably connected by bolts 5, so that the overall length of the arch frame 2 is adjustable, and the local unstable structure of the top plate is effectively supported by adjusting its length.

[0060] Preferably, an arc-shaped plate-like component 4 is provided, with pre-drilled holes at both ends of the arc-shaped plate-like component 4, and then connected with bolts 5.

[0061] Taking the example of two second support rods 13 set on both sides of the branch rod 8 in the figure, the crossbar 1 is divided into two sections, and three steering limit components 7 are set at the ends of the two crossbars that are far apart from each other and at the adjacent ends.

[0062] In an optional embodiment, the main rod includes an upper main rod 10 and a lower main rod 11 connected by a top support screw 9. The adjacent ends of the upper main rod 10 and the lower main rod 11 are respectively provided with internal threads. The two ends of the top support screw 9 are provided with external threads that are opposite to each other. The two ends of the top support screw 9 are respectively threaded to the upper main rod 10 and the lower main rod 11. Rotating the top support screw 9 can change the length of the main rod, so that the length can be adjusted or prestress can be applied according to actual needs.

[0063] The upper main rod 10 includes two sections connected by a stress gauge 12. The stress gauge 12 is used to detect the stress and deformation of the main rod, thereby reflecting the strain changes of the top plate.

[0064] The stress gauge 12 has flanges at both ends that connect to the two upper main rods 10. The two upper main rods 10 have corresponding flanges at one end of the stress gauge 12. The flange edges are connected by bolts 5, so that the stress gauge 12 is effectively connected to the upper main rods 10.

[0065] In an optional embodiment, the first support rod, the branch rod 8, and the second support rod 13 each include two sections of a top support screw 9. The ends of the two sections of the first support rod that are close to each other are respectively provided with internal threads, the thread length of which is not less than 80mm. The two ends of the top support screw 9 are respectively threaded to the two sections of the first support rod. Rotating the top support screw 9 corresponding to the first support rod can change the length of the first support rod, thereby allowing for length adjustment or the application of prestress according to actual needs.

[0066] The remaining branch rods 8 and the second support rod 13 have similar structures to the first support rod, except that the corresponding top support screw 9 has different specifications.

[0067] The threads at both ends of the top support screw 9 are opposite to each other. A insertion hole is provided in the middle of the top support screw 9. A force-adding rod is inserted into the insertion hole, and the top support screw 9 can be easily rotated to achieve the corresponding length adjustment.

[0068] Both the first and second support rods 13 are thick-walled steel pipes with a diameter of not less than 89mm and a wall thickness of not less than 8mm. The outer wall of the main rod is provided with a hinge plate corresponding to the branch rod 8 and a hinge plate corresponding to the first support rod.

[0069] In another alternative embodiment, the lower end of the main rod is supported on the ground by a base, and the base and the main rod are hinged by a universal ball joint.

[0070] The base is made of steel plate, with a ball seat on top of the steel plate and a universal ball joint at the lower end of the main rod. The angles of the support system in various directions can be finely adjusted by the hinge of the universal ball joint when deformation occurs, so as to control the strain caused by structural movement and thermal expansion and contraction. The diameter of the steel plate is not less than 246mm, and the size of the steel plate should meet the requirements of ground bearing capacity verification.

[0071] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be within the scope of protection of the pending claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A static control and support system for masonry structures in brick arch caverns with unstable rock formations, characterized in that, It includes a main lever mechanism, a branch lever mechanism, and a top support. The main lever mechanism and the branch lever mechanism are supported on the top plate of the brick arch cavern by the top support. Multiple branch lever mechanisms are connected to both sides of the main lever mechanism and are distributed in a fan shape on one of the cross sections of the brick arch cavern. The main lever mechanism includes: The main rod has one end supported on the ground and the other end supported on the lower surface of the top support member. The first support rod, and a plurality of the first support rods are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main rod. One end of the first support rod is hinged to the middle of the main rod, and the other end is supported on both sides of the top support member. The splitting mechanism includes: The branch rod has one end hinged to the middle of the main rod and the other end supported on the lower surface of the top support member. The second support rod, and multiple second support rods are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the branch rod. One end of the second support rod is hinged to the middle of the branch rod, and the other end is supported on both sides of the top support member. The top support is an arc-shaped frame corresponding to the top slab of the brick arched cavern, formed by connecting a crossbar and an arch frame. The crossbar extends along the axial direction of the brick arch chamber, and at least one crossbar is provided above each of the branch bar mechanisms and the main bar mechanism; The arch frame extends along the arch arc of the brick arch chamber, at least one of the arch frames is located above the main rod and the branch rod, and multiple arch frames are respectively located above multiple second support rods or the first support rod; The top support member has a cantilever on the side corresponding to the unstable rock block, and the cantilever extends along the length of the crossbar; The lower end of the main rod is supported on the ground by a base, and the base and the main rod are hinged by a universal ball joint; The top support is an arc-shaped grid plane. Steering limit components are set at the nodes of the grid corresponding to the top support. The crossbars and arches are multi-segment structures and are connected to the steering limit components to form the top support. The main body of the steering limit component is a square base. Its side is hinged to the corresponding crossbar and arch via hinges. Ear plates are set below, which are hinged to the upper ends of the main rod, branch rod, first support rod and second support rod. Vibration damping buffer components are set between the top support and the top plate of the brick arch chamber.

2. The static control and support system for unstable rock masonry in brick arch caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that, On the same side of the main lever mechanism, the hinge points of the multiple branch lever mechanisms are equidistantly distributed along the longitudinal direction.

3. The static control and support system for unstable rock masonry in brick arch caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The arch frame is a multi-segment structure, and any two segments can be detachably connected by bolts.

4. The static control and support system for unstable rock masonry in brick arch caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main rod includes an upper main rod and a lower main rod connected by a top support screw. The upper main rod includes two sections connected by a stress gauge, and the two ends of the stress gauge are provided with flanges corresponding to the two sections of the upper main rod.

5. The static control and support system for unstable rock masonry in brick arch caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first support rod, the branch rod, and the second support rod each include two sections supported by a top support screw.

6. The static control and support system for unstable rock masonry in brick arch caverns according to any one of claims 4 or 5, characterized in that, The threads at both ends of the top support screw are opposite to each other, and a socket is provided in the middle of the top support screw.

7. The static control and support system for unstable rock masonry in brick arch caverns according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main rod, the branch rod, the first support rod, and the second support rod are respectively hinged to the top support member.

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