A shear process visualized direct shear tester

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of shearing process visualization direct shear test apparatus, including the supporting leg of test apparatus whole fixed support, and support plate one and support plate two fixed on supporting leg, the upper surface of support plate two is equipped with the lower shear box of horizontal limit sliding, the upper surface of lower shear box is equipped with upper shear box, and the inside of lower shear box and upper shear box is equipped with the shooting device of the shearing process of rock-soil sample is filmed.The application, by the cooperation between the above structure, solves in actual use process, since traditional test apparatus is difficult to realize the continuous dynamic observation of the shearing deformation failure process of rock-soil body from shear box side based on photographing or filming mode, it is not convenient to more comprehensive and in-depth study the shearing deformation failure mechanism of rock-soil body, provide more effective technical support for the work of geotechnical engineering and geological engineering.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a shear process visualized direct shear test instrument. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of geotechnical engineering and geological engineering, direct shear test is an important means to study the shear performance of rock-soil body, which can be used to evaluate the deformation and failure process and stability of rock-soil structure. However, the current direct shear test instrument can only obtain the shear stress and shear displacement curve of rock-soil body, peak shear strength, residual shear strength and shear strength parameters (cohesion and internal friction angle), and it is difficult to continuously and dynamically observe the shear deformation and failure process of rock-soil body from the side of the shear box through photographing or video shooting, thereby limiting the continuous and dynamic study of the shear deformation and failure development process of rock-soil body, and making it difficult to more systematically and comprehensively reveal the shear deformation and failure mechanism of rock-soil body.

[0003] In addition, the shear loading technology of most direct shear test instruments is relatively backward, only providing several shear rates for selection, which cannot meet the needs of users to carry out shear test of rock-soil body at more shear rates.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a shear process visualized direct shear test instrument, which can not only continuously and dynamically observe the shear deformation and failure process of rock-soil body from the side of the shear box based on photographing or video shooting, but also can carry out direct shear test at more shear rates. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a shear process visualized direct shear test instrument, which has the advantages of continuous dynamic observation and solves the problems in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a shear process visualized direct shear test instrument, comprising supporting legs for fixing and supporting the whole test instrument, and supporting plates one and two fixed on the supporting legs, the upper surface of the supporting plate two is provided with a lower shear box body capable of sliding horizontally, the upper surface of the lower shear box body is provided with an upper shear box body, the lower shear box body and the upper shear box body are provided with a shooting device for shooting the shear process of rock-soil sample, the upper surface of the supporting plate two close to the lower shear box body is fixedly connected with an electric cylinder for providing shear power of rock-soil body in the shear box to the lower shear box body, and the electric cylinder is provided with a servo motor integrated with the electric cylinder for transmission cooperation.

[0007] The test instrument further comprises a data acquisition controller for controlling the motion of the servo motor, a computer module for data transmission with the data acquisition controller, and a power supply for supplying power to the data acquisition controller and the computer module.

[0008] Preferably, the electric cylinder comprises an electric cylinder device body arranged between the support plate two and the servo motor, the surface of the electric cylinder device body is fixedly connected with a fixed lug, the fixed lug is penetrated and fixedly connected with a bolt three screwed on the support plate two, the output shaft on the electric cylinder device body is coaxially fixedly connected with a push rod with an external thread arranged at the end, and a limiting nut is sleeved on the end of the push rod away from the electric cylinder device body, so as to ensure that the threaded section of the end of the push rod is tightly connected with one side of the lower shear box body.

[0009] Preferably, the upper shear box body comprises an upper shear box main frame arranged on the lower shear box body, upper shear box side frames symmetrically welded on the upper shear box main frame, and a transparent tempered glass plate one vertically penetrating and embedded in one side of the upper shear box main frame, the side surface of the upper shear box main frame is fixedly connected with an outward steel plate, and the side of the outward steel plate away from the upper shear box main frame is provided with a semicylindrical protrusion.

[0010] The lower shear box body comprises a lower shear box main frame arranged on the lower surface of the upper shear box body, lower shear box side frames symmetrically welded on the lower shear box main frame, and a transparent tempered glass plate two vertically penetrating and embedded in one side of the lower shear box main frame.

[0011] The transparent tempered glass plate one and the transparent tempered glass plate two are arranged on the same side in an up-down manner.

[0012] A threaded hole matched with the external thread on the push rod is arranged on the side of the lower shear box main frame facing the electric cylinder, and a bottom support plate is arranged on the bottom of the lower shear box main frame.

[0013] Preferably, the upper shear box main frame and the lower shear box main frame are both provided with upper and lower corresponding insertion holes at the opposite corners, and a pin is inserted between the two insertion holes.

[0014] Preferably, the upper surface of the support plate two is provided with a guide rail, and the upper surface of the guide rail and the bottom of the lower shear box main frame are both provided with two triangular cross-section grooves for placing two rows of steel balls.

[0015] Preferably, a vertical loading frame is sleeved on the support plate two, the vertical loading frame is provided with a fastening screw one and a fastening bolt one, a threaded through hole matched with the fastening bolt one is arranged on the surface of the center of the beam of the vertical loading frame, and the bottom end of the fastening bolt one protrudes in a semispherical shape.

[0016] A shear box cover is arranged on the square water-permeable stone close to the top, the shear box cover comprises a square plate, a flat topless square pyramid fixed on the square plate, and a semispherical recess matched with the protruding bottom end of the fastening bolt one and arranged on the flat topless square pyramid.

[0017] Preferably, the bottom of the vertical loading frame is fixedly connected with a lifting ring, the lifting ring is fixedly connected with a steel wire rope, the other end of the steel wire rope passes through the support three and is fixedly connected with a lever;

[0018] The support three comprises a bottom plate one, a vertical plate one, a shaft, a pin and a fixed pulley one for passing through the steel wire rope, the support three is welded on the support plate one, and a through hole for passing through the shaft is formed in the vertical plate one;

[0019] The support four is also welded on the support plate one, and the support four comprises a bottom plate three and a vertical plate three, and a horizontal through hole for passing through the pin and serving as a middle stress support point of the lever is formed in the upper portion of the vertical plate three;

[0020] The lever comprises a main rod and a support lug plate welded to the cross rod, horizontal through holes are formed in both ends of the main rod, one of the horizontal through holes is used for tying the steel wire rope, and the other horizontal through hole is bolted with a suspended hanging basket, the hanging basket is provided with two weighing baskets, and through holes for passing through the pins and serving as middle stress support points of the lever are formed in the support lug plates.

[0021] Preferably, the upper surface of the support plate two is fixedly connected with the support one, the support one is welded by a vertical plate two, a web plate and a bottom plate two, a through hole is formed in the vertical plate two and used for fixing the fixed pulley two by passing through the pin, a sliding block is clamped between the web plate and the two vertical plate two and the fixed pulley two, a force ring is arranged on the side of the sliding block, a connecting column is screwed on the opposite surface of the force ring and the sliding block, a digital dial gauge is fixedly connected in the force ring, the digital dial gauge is signal connected with a data acquisition controller through a cable, and a semicylindrical groove is formed in the surface of the sliding block and matched with the semicylindrical protrusion on the outer extension steel plate.

[0022] Preferably, the support plate two is fixedly connected with the support two, and threaded holes three are formed in the support two and screwed with fastening bolts two.

[0023] Preferably, the support plate two is fixedly connected with a height adjusting table, and the height adjusting table comprises a base cylinder and a screw base screwed with the base cylinder.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The present application realizes continuous dynamic observation of the shear deformation and failure process of the rock-soil body on the side of the shearing box based on the photographing or video shooting mode, and provides important reference data for the rock-soil body research;

[0026] The present application realizes the visual observation of the shearing process of the direct shear test instrument, so that the researchers can more clearly understand the deformation and failure characteristics of the rock-soil body under different shearing rates;

[0027] The direct shear test is carried out at more shear rates, which helps researchers to carry out the direct shear test of rock-soil bodies at multiple shear rates, and further deepens the understanding of the mechanical properties thereof.

[0028] The vertical loading mode of the previous direct shear test instrument is optimized and improved, so that the vertical loading is more convenient and accurate, and the reliability and precision of the test results are improved.

[0029] Through the cooperation of the above structures, the shear deformation and failure process of rock-soil bodies is continuously and dynamically observed from the side of the shear box based on the shooting or camera mode, which is difficult to realize by the traditional test instrument in the actual use process, and the shear deformation and failure mechanism of rock-soil bodies is more comprehensively and deeply studied, and more effective technical support is provided for the work in the fields of rock-soil engineering and geological engineering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a perspective view of the direct shear test instrument of the present application;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a perspective view of the electric cylinder of the present application;

[0032] Figure 3 It is a perspective view of the shear box cover of the present application;

[0033] Figure 4 It is a perspective view of the vertical loading frame of the present application;

[0034] Figure 5 It is a perspective view of the upper shear box of the present application;

[0035] Figure 6 It is a perspective view of the support one of the present application;

[0036] Figure 7 It is a perspective view of the height adjusting platform of the present application;

[0037] Figure 8 It is a perspective view of the slider of the present application;

[0038] Figure 9 It is a perspective view of the lower shear box of the present application;

[0039] Figure 10 It is a perspective view of the guide rail of the present application;

[0040] Figure 11 It is a perspective view of the support three of the present application;

[0041] Figure 12 It is a perspective view of the support four of the present application;

[0042] Figure 13 It is a perspective view of the lever of the present application.

[0043] In the figure: 1, leg; 2, support plate one; 3, support plate two; 4, bolt three; 5, electric cylinder; 6, servo motor; 7, fastening screw one; 8, fastening bolt one; 9, shear box cover; 91, square plate; 92, flat topless quadrangular pyramid; 93, semicircular spherical groove; 10, vertical loading frame; 101, lifting ring; 102, threaded hole; 11, upper shear box body; 111, upper shear box main frame; 112, upper shear box side frame; 113, transparent tempered glass plate one; 12, cable; 13, support one; 131, vertical plate two; 132, web plate; 133, bottom plate two; 134, fixed pulley two; 14, force ring; 15, support two; 16, height adjusting platform; 161, base cylinder; 162, screw seat; 17, digital dial gauge; 18, connecting column; 19, sliding block; 192, semicircular cylindrical groove; 20, lower shear box body; 201, lower shear box main frame; 202, lower shear box side frame; 203, transparent tempered glass plate two; 21, guide rail; 22, shooting device; 211, jack; 23, steel wire rope; 24, support three; 241, bottom plate one; 242, vertical plate one; 343, shaft; 244, pin body; 25, support four; 251, bottom plate three; 252, vertical plate three; 26, lever; 261, horizontal rod; 262, support ear plate; 27, scale pan; 28, hanging basket; 29, power supply; 30, data acquisition controller; 31, computer module; 51, electric cylinder device body; 52, fixing ear; 53, pushing rod; 54, limiting nut; 81, fastening bolt two. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0045] In one embodiment, the present application provides a technical solution: a shear process visualized direct shear test instrument, a leg 1 for fixing and supporting the whole test instrument, and a support plate one 2 and a support plate two 3 fixed on the leg 1, the upper surface of the support plate two 3 is provided with a lower shear box body 20 capable of sliding horizontally, the upper surface of the lower shear box body 20 is provided with an upper shear box body 11, the lower shear box body 20 and the upper shear box body 11 are provided with a shooting device 22 for shooting the shear process of the rock-soil sample, the upper surface of the support plate two 3 close to the lower shear box body 20 is fixedly connected with an electric cylinder 5 for providing shear power of the rock-soil body in the shear box to the lower shear box body 20, the electric cylinder 5 is provided with a servo motor 6 integrated and driven with the electric cylinder 5.

[0046] The tester further comprises a data acquisition controller 30 for controlling the motion of the servo motor 6, a computer module 31 in data transmission with the data acquisition controller 30, and a power supply 29 for powering the data acquisition controller 30 and the computer module 31.

[0047] The materials of the supporting legs 1, the first supporting plate 2 and the second supporting plate 3 are high-strength steel not prone to rust, and the plurality of supporting legs 1 are welded at the four corners of the first supporting plate 2 and the second supporting plate 3, and the supporting legs 1, the first supporting plate 2 and the second supporting plate 3 are cooperated to realize the fixed support of the whole tester. Before the test, the rock-soil to be detected is placed in the lower shear box body 20 and the upper shear box body 11, and the horizontal movement of the lower shear box body 20 is realized by the electric cylinder 5, so as to provide the shear power of the rock-soil in the shear box to the lower shear box body 20. During the test, the motion speed of the output shaft of the electric cylinder 5 is controlled by the servo motor 6.

[0048] Before use, the shooting device 22 is placed in the lower shear box body 20 and the upper shear box body 11, and the shooting device 22 is used to take pictures or record videos of the shear process of the rock-soil sample during the experiment.

[0049] The data acquisition controller 30 is used to control the running speed of the servo motor 6, monitor and collect the displacement of the pushing rod of the electric cylinder 5, and monitor and collect the displacement of the upper shear box body 11. The computer module 31 is used to receive and display the monitoring data of the test process from the data acquisition controller 30.

[0050] The method for obtaining the shear stress value through specific data arrangement is as follows: the computer module 31 continuously collects the displacement s1t of the lower shear box body 20 and the displacement s2t of the upper shear box body 11 at a certain time t during the shear process, and the shear stress τ at this time is t =s2t*R (R is the correction coefficient of the force ring);

[0051] More data is obtained by carrying out direct shear test at more shear rates.

[0052] Embodiment two is basically the same as embodiment one, and further comprises:

[0053] The electric cylinder 5 comprises an electric cylinder device body 51 arranged between the second supporting plate 3 and the servo motor 6, the surface of the electric cylinder device body 51 is fixedly connected with a fixed lug 52, the fixed lug 52 is penetrated and fixedly connected with a bolt three 4 screwed on the second supporting plate 3, the output shaft of the electric cylinder device body 51 is coaxially fixedly connected with a pushing rod 53 with external threads at the end, and a limiting nut 54 is sleeved on the end of the pushing rod 53 away from the electric cylinder device body 51 to ensure that the threaded segment at the end of the pushing rod 53 is tightly connected with one side of the lower shear box body 20.

[0054] The fixed lug 52 is fixed on the support plate 2 by the bolt 4, and the electric cylinder body 51 fixedly connected with the fixed lug 52 is also fixed on the support plate 2, so that the electric cylinder 5 is fixedly installed on the support plate 2;

[0055] The electric cylinder 5 driven by the servo motor 6 is driven by the output shaft on the electric cylinder body 51 to drive the push rod 53 to extend and retract at a fixed rate, and the transmission is achieved to realize the horizontal loading of the lower shearing box body 20;

[0056] The servo motor 6 integrated with the electric cylinder 5 is connected with the gear and screw, and the transmission connection by the gear and screw is a technical means familiar to those skilled in the art, so it is not described here.

[0057] The speed of the push rod 53 in the electric cylinder 5 is directly controlled by the speed of the output shaft of the servo motor 6, and the data acquisition controller 30 can apply any constant speed to the push rod 53 in the electric cylinder 5 within a wide speed range.

[0058] The embodiment three is basically the same as the embodiment two, and further comprises:

[0059] The upper shearing box body 11 comprises an upper shearing box main frame 111 arranged on the lower shearing box body 20, upper shearing box side frames 112 symmetrically welded on the upper shearing box main frame 111, and a transparent tempered glass plate 113 vertically penetrating and embedded into one side of the upper shearing box main frame 111.

[0060] The lower shearing box body 20 comprises a lower shearing box main frame 201 arranged on the lower surface of the upper shearing box body 11, lower shearing box side frames 202 symmetrically welded on the lower shearing box main frame 201, and a transparent tempered glass plate 203 vertically penetrating and embedded into one side of the lower shearing box main frame 201.

[0061] The transparent tempered glass plate 113 and the transparent tempered glass plate 203 are arranged on the same side of the upper and lower shearing box bodies 11 and 20.

[0062] The lower shearing box main frame 201 is provided with a threaded hole on the side facing the electric cylinder 5, which is matched with the external thread of the push rod 53, and the bottom of the lower shearing box main frame 201 is provided with a bottom support plate.

[0063] The working principle of the embodiment three is that the upper shearing box body 11 and the lower shearing box body 20 are arranged in a stacked manner, so that the upper shearing box main frame 111 and the lower shearing box main frame 201 are aligned, and the upper shearing box side frame 112 and the lower shearing box side frame 202 are aligned.

[0064] After the upper and lower shear box bodies 11 and 20 are placed in alignment, the shear box body is formed, then the square water-permeable stones and filter paper are placed in the bottom of the shear box body in sequence, then the prepared rock-soil sample is placed in the shear box body, and finally the filter paper and square water-permeable stones are placed on top of the rock-soil sample in sequence;

[0065] The square water-permeable stones are placed on the upper and lower sides of the rock-soil sample in the shear box, for drainage during the consolidation and shearing process of the rock-soil sample, and the filter paper is used to keep the rock-soil sample or prepared rock-soil sample between the two layers of square water-permeable stones;

[0066] In use, the camera 22 is placed in the upper shear box main frame 111 and the lower shear box side frame 202 close to the transparent tempered glass plate one 113 and the transparent tempered glass plate two 203, and the camera 22 takes pictures or videos of the shearing process of the rock-soil sample through the transparent tempered glass plate one 113 and the transparent tempered glass plate two 203. In actual use, the camera 22 can use a camera or a mobile phone to take pictures.

[0067] A threaded hole is formed on the side of the lower shear box main frame 201 facing the electric cylinder 5, which matches the external thread of the push rod 53. After matching the external thread of the push rod 53, the push rod 53 is fixedly connected to the lower shear box main frame 201. A limiting nut 54 is used to ensure that the threaded section at the end of the push rod 53 is tightly connected to one side of the lower shear box body 20. Thus, the push rod 53 is extended and retracted at a fixed rate, and through transmission, the horizontal loading of the entire lower shear box body 20 is realized.

[0068] The materials of the upper shear box main frame 111, the lower shear box main frame 201, the upper shear box side frame 112, and the lower shear box side frame 202 are high-strength steel that is not prone to rust.

[0069] Further, corresponding insertion holes 211 are formed at the opposite corners of the upper shear box main frame 111 and the lower shear box main frame 201, and a pin is inserted between the two insertion holes 211.

[0070] The pin inserted into the insertion hole 211 ensures that the upper shear box main frame 111 and the lower shear box main frame 201 are aligned before the test.

[0071] In use, the alignment pin on the shear box is pulled out, the power is turned on, the speed of the push rod 53 is set to a specific value v, and the electric cylinder push rod movement switch is turned on to start the shearing test.

[0072] Further, the upper surface of the support plate two 3 is provided with a guide rail 21, and the upper surface of the guide rail 21 and the bottom of the lower shear box main frame 201 are both provided with two triangular cross-section grooves for placing two rows of steel balls.

[0073] like Figure 10 As shown, the triangular cross-section groove is designed to ensure that the lower shear box 20 can slide along the axial direction of the triangular cross-section groove under shearing power; the guide rail 21 is a square steel plate with steel balls embedded in the triangular cross-section groove on it.

[0074] Example 4 is basically the same as Example 3, except that:

[0075] A vertical loading frame 10 is fitted on the support plate 2 3. The vertical loading frame 10 is provided with a fastening screw 1 7 and a fastening bolt 1 8. A threaded through hole 102 that mates with the fastening bolt 1 8 is opened on the surface of the center of the crossbeam on the vertical loading frame 10. The bottom end of the fastening bolt 1 8 protrudes in a hemispherical shape.

[0076] A shear box cover 9 is placed on the square permeable stone near the top. The shear box cover 9 includes a square plate 91, a flat, topless quadrangular pyramid 92 on the square plate 91, and a hemispherical groove 93 on the flat, topless quadrangular pyramid 92 that abuts against the bottom protrusion of the fastening bolt 8.

[0077] Working principle of Example 4:

[0078] The expansion and contraction of the fastening bolt 8 within the threaded through hole 102 on the vertical loading frame 10 can be achieved by rotating the fastening screw 7 on the fastening bolt 8.

[0079] The shear box cover 9 is made of high-strength steel that is not prone to rust. Vertical loading of the top of the shear box is achieved by the expansion and contraction of the bolts 8 within the threaded through-holes 102 on the vertical loading frame 10. The vertical loading frame 10 is also made of high-strength steel that is not prone to rust.

[0080] Example 5 is basically the same as Example 4, except that: a lifting ring 101 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the vertical loading frame 10, a steel wire rope 23 is fixedly connected to the lifting ring 101, and the other end of the steel wire rope 23 passes through the support 3 24 and is fixedly connected to the lever 26.

[0081] Support 3 24 includes base plate 1 241, vertical plate 1 242, shaft 343, pin body 244 and fixed pulley 1 245 for passing through steel wire rope 23. Support 3 24 is welded to support plate 1 2. The vertical plate 1 242 has a through hole for passing through shaft 343.

[0082] It also includes a support 25 welded to the support plate 2. The support 25 includes a base plate 251 and a vertical plate 252. The upper part of the vertical plate 252 has a horizontal through hole for the pin to pass through and to serve as the intermediate force support point of the lever 26.

[0083] The lever 26 includes a main rod 261 and a support ear plate 262 welded to the cross rod 261. Both ends of the main rod 261 are provided with horizontal through holes. One horizontal through hole is used to attach a steel wire rope 23, and the other horizontal through hole is used to attach a suspension basket 28. Both support ear plates 262 are provided with through holes for passing through pins to serve as the intermediate force support point of the lever 26.

[0084] The working principle of Example 5: The steel wire rope 23 passes through the support 24 to ensure that the vertical force applied to the vertical loading frame 10 is equal to the downward force at one end of the lever 26;

[0085] The basket 28 is suspended at one end of the main rod 261 of the lever 26, on which a certain number of weights 27 of a specific weight can be placed, so that the vertical force is applied to the soil and rock sample in the shear box through the lever principle.

[0086] Rotate the fastening bolts 8 on the vertical loading frame appropriately and tighten the fastening screws 7 appropriately to ensure that the wire rope is taut and under stress, thus ensuring the accuracy of the experimental data;

[0087] Determine the weight of the weight to be placed in the basket based on the vertical load to be applied. When a weight of a specific weight is placed in the basket, assume that the vertical stress applied to the soil sample is σ. Then, adjust the fastening bolts 8 and 7 appropriately to ensure that the lever remains horizontal.

[0088] By organizing the experimental data, we can analyze the vertical stress as σ_τ_min. t With shear displacement (i.e., |s) 1t s 2t |) and the dynamic relationship between cross-sectional phenomena such as cracks and shear zones during the shearing process of soil and rock samples.

[0089] Example 6 is basically the same as Example 5, except that:

[0090] Support plate 2 3 is fixedly connected to support 13. Support 13 is welded to vertical plate 2 131, web plate 132 and bottom plate 2 133. Vertical plate 2 131 has through holes for pins to pass through and fix pulley 2 134. Slider 19 is snapped between web plate 132, two vertical plates 2 131 and pulley 2 134. Force measuring ring 14 is provided on the side of slider 19. Connecting post 18 is screwed on the opposite surface of force measuring ring 14 and slider 19. Digital dial indicator 17 is fixedly connected in force measuring ring 14. Digital dial indicator 17 is connected to signal 30 through cable 12. Semi-cylindrical groove 192 is opened on the surface of slider 19 to match the semi-cylindrical protrusion on the extended steel plate.

[0091] A support plate 23 is fixedly connected to a support 215, and a threaded hole 3 is opened on the support 215, through which a fastening bolt 281 is screwed.

[0092] The support plate two 3 is fixedly connected with a height adjusting platform 16, which comprises a base cylinder 161 and a screw base 162 screwed with the base cylinder 161.

[0093] The working principle of the sixth embodiment is that the height adjusting platform 16 is adjusted to keep the force ring 14 horizontal, and the screw base 162 is raised or lowered by screwing the screw rod in the seat cylinder 161, thereby supporting the bottom surface of the force ring 14.

[0094] The fastening bolt two 81 and the fastening screw two on the support base two 15 are adjusted to ensure that the sliding block 19 is in good contact with the upper shear box body 11.

[0095] The digital dial gauge 17 is adjusted to be in good contact with the inner wall of the force ring 14 before the test, and has a suitable initial reading; the force ring 14 is used to measure the real-time shear stress of the rock-soil body when sheared in the upper and lower shear boxes, and the digital dial gauge 17 is fixed inside the force ring 14 to measure the displacement of the upper shear box body 11.

[0096] The connecting column 18 is a screw rod with threaded segments at both ends, which can be screwed with the screw holes on the opposite surfaces of the sliding block 19 and the force ring 14, respectively.

[0097] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it can be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, replacements and variations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirits of the present application, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A shearing process visualized direct shear test apparatus, comprising a supporting leg (1) for fixedly supporting the whole test apparatus, and a supporting plate one (2) and a supporting plate two (3) fixed on the supporting leg (1), characterized in that: The upper surface of the support plate two (3) is provided with a lower shear box (20) which is horizontally limited and slides, the upper surface of the lower shear box (20) is provided with an upper shear box (11), the lower shear box (20) and the upper shear box (11) are internally provided with a shooting device (22) which shoots the process of shearing the rock-soil sample, the upper surface of the support plate two (3) is fixedly connected with an electric cylinder (5) which provides the shearing power of the rock-soil body in the shear box and is close to the lower shear box (20), the electric cylinder (5) is provided with a servo motor (6) which is integrally driven with the electric cylinder (5); The tester further comprises a data acquisition controller (30) which controls the movement of the servo motor (6), a computer module (31) which is in data transmission with the data acquisition controller (30), and a power supply (29) which supplies power to the data acquisition controller (30) and the computer module (31); The upper shear box (11) comprises an upper shear box main frame (111) which is arranged on the lower shear box (20), upper shear box side frames (112) which are symmetrically welded on the upper shear box main frame (111), and a transparent tempered glass plate one (113) which vertically penetrates and is embedded into one side of the upper shear box main frame (111), the side surface of the upper shear box main frame (111) is fixedly connected with an outwardly extending steel plate, and the side of the outwardly extending steel plate away from the upper shear box main frame (111) is provided with a semicylindrical protrusion; The lower shear box (20) comprises a lower shear box main frame (201) which is arranged on the lower surface of the upper shear box (11), lower shear box side frames (202) which are symmetrically welded on the lower shear box main frame (201), and a transparent tempered glass plate two (203) which vertically penetrates and is embedded into one side of the lower shear box main frame (201); The transparent tempered glass plate one (113) and the transparent tempered glass plate two (203) are arranged on the same side and above each other; A threaded hole which cooperates with the external thread of the push rod (53) is formed on the side of the lower shear box main frame (201) which faces the electric cylinder (5), and the bottom of the lower shear box main frame (201) is provided with a bottom support plate; The support plate two (3) is sleeved with a vertical loading frame (10), the vertical loading frame (10) is provided with a fastening screw one (7) and a fastening bolt one (8), a threaded through hole (102) which cooperates with the fastening bolt one (8) is formed on the surface of the center of the upper beam of the vertical loading frame (10), and the bottom end of the fastening bolt one (8) protrudes in a semispherical shape; The square water-permeable stone and the filter paper are sequentially placed on the bottom of the shear box body, then the prepared rock-soil sample is placed on the shear box body, and finally the filter paper and the square water-permeable stone are sequentially placed on the top of the rock-soil sample; the shear box cover (9) is placed on the square water-permeable stone close to the top, and the shear box cover (9) comprises a square plate (91), a flat topless quadrangular pyramid (92) fixed on the square plate (91), and a semispherical recess (93) formed on the flat topless quadrangular pyramid (92) and in abutting cooperation with the protrusion at the bottom end of the fastening bolt one (8). The bottom of the vertical loading frame (10) is fixedly connected with a lifting ring (101), the lifting ring (101) is fixedly connected with a steel wire rope (23), one end of the steel wire rope (23) penetrates through a support three (24) and is fixedly connected with a lever (26). The support three (24) comprises a bottom plate one (241), a vertical plate one (242), a shaft rod (343), a pin body (244) and a fixed pulley one (245) for penetrating through the steel wire rope (23), the support three (24) is welded on the support plate one (2), and a through hole for penetrating through the shaft rod (343) is formed in the vertical plate one (242). The support four (25) welded on the support plate one (2) is further included, the support four (25) comprises a bottom plate three (251) and a vertical plate three (252), and a horizontal through hole for penetrating through a pin and serving as a middle stress support point of the lever (26) is formed in the upper portion of the vertical plate three (252). The lever (26) comprises a horizontal rod (261) and a support lug plate (262) welded to the horizontal rod (261), horizontal through holes are formed in both ends of the horizontal rod (261), one horizontal through hole is used for tying the steel wire rope (23), and the other horizontal through hole is used for tying a hanging hanging basket (28), the hanging basket (28) is provided with two supporting lug plates (262), and through holes for penetrating through pins and serving as middle stress support points of the lever (26) are formed in the supporting lug plates (262).

2. The shear process visualized direct shear test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric cylinder (5) comprises an electric cylinder device body (51) arranged between the support plate two (3) and the servo motor (6), a fixed lug (52) is fixedly connected to the surface of the electric cylinder device body (51), the fixed lug (52) is penetrated and fixedly connected with a bolt three (4) screwed on the support plate two (3), a threaded rod (53) with an outer thread formed at the end portion is coaxially fixedly connected to the output shaft of the electric cylinder device body (51), and a limiting nut (54) is sleeved on the end of the threaded rod (53) away from the electric cylinder device body (51), so that the threaded segment at the end portion of the threaded rod (53) is tightly connected with one side of the lower shearing box body (20).

3. The shear process visualized direct shear test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: Opposite corners of the upper shearing box main body frame (111) and the lower shearing box main body frame (201) are provided with upper and lower corresponding jack plugs (211), and a pin is inserted between the two upper and lower jack plugs (211).

4. The shear process visualized direct shear test apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper surface of the support plate two (3) is provided with a guide rail (21), and the upper surface of the guide rail (21) and the bottom of the lower shearing box main body frame (201) are provided with two triangular cross-section grooves for placing two rows of steel balls.

5. The shear process visualized direct shear test apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the support plate two (3) is fixedly connected with the support one (13), the support one (13) is welded by the vertical plate two (131), the web (132) and the bottom plate two (133), the vertical plate two (131) is equipped with through hole, is used for passing through the fixed pulley two (134) of pin, the web (132) is connected with two vertical plate two (131) and pulley two (134) between fixedly connected with slider (19), the side of slider (19) is equipped with load cell (14), the opposite surface of load cell (14) and slider (19) is screwed with connecting column (18), the load cell (14) is fixedly connected with digital dial gauge (17) in, digital dial gauge (17) is connected with data acquisition controller (30) signal connection through cable (12), the surface of slider (19) is set up with the semicylindrical recess (192) of cooperation with the semicylindrical convex of the outer extension steel plate upper half.

6. The shear process visualized direct shear apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: The support plate two (3) is fixedly connected with the support two (15), the support two (15) is opened with the threaded hole three and is screwed with the fastening bolt two (81) through the threaded hole three.

7. The shear process visualized direct shear apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that: The support plate two (3) is fixedly connected with the height adjusting platform (16), the height adjusting platform (16) includes the base cylinder (161) and the screw seat (162) screwed with the base cylinder (161).

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