Ventricular preexcitation demonstration model

Abstract

The application discloses a ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model in the technical field of ventricular pre-excitation models, which comprises normal conduction lamp strips, knob switches, bypass conduction lamp strips, a base and a heart model. The base is a stable supporting box body, the heart model is stably arranged on the top of the base, the anterior surface of the atrium of the heart model is a cross section, the ventricle of the heart model is a complete hemispherical model, the cross section of the heart model faces forward, and the electrocardio conduction of the sinoatrial node in the heart model can be emitted and conducted to the conduction range of the surface of the heart model from inside to outside and from a part to the whole, so that the electrocardio conduction path is directly and visually displayed, students can directly and visually observe the conduction path and range of the ventricular pre-excitation, the display state is that the lamp beads flicker and move on the lamp ring, the moving process of the electrocardio conduction path can be vividly displayed, and the corresponding electrocardiogram can be displayed on the display screen, and the teaching is clearer and simpler.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ventricular pre-excitation model technology, and in particular to a ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model. Background Technology

[0002] The heartbeat and blood supply process are accomplished through the contraction and relaxation of the left and right atria and ventricles. The principle of blood flow in the heart is based on the contraction of the right atrium, which pumps blood into the right ventricle. When the right ventricle contracts, it pumps venous blood into the pulmonary artery. The lungs are filled with oxygen inhaled from the outside, and the venous blood in the lungs combines with oxygen to become arterial blood. After the left atrium collects arterial blood, when the left atrium contracts, it pumps the arterial blood into the left ventricle. When the left ventricle contracts, it pumps the arterial blood into the aorta and its important branches, supplying blood and oxygen to various organs.

[0003] The heart beats by generating impulses through electrical activity. Normally, these impulses are generated by the sinoatrial node (SA node). The impulses generated by the SA node are essentially a form of bioelectricity. When the P cells in the SA node discharge, this electrical activity is conducted to the atria. When the atria sense this electrical activity, they contract, pumping blood from the atria into the ventricles. The electrical excitation from the atria is conducted to the ventricles through the atrioventricular node, leading to ventricular contraction. Ventricular contraction then pumps blood out of the heart, completing one full heartbeat.

[0004] The atrioventricular node (AV node) plays a crucial role in conducting cardiac excitation. The electrical impulse generated by the sinoatrial node (SA node) travels through the atria to the AV node, then through the His bundle into the ventricular myocardium, leading to cardiac contraction and ejection. Besides conduction, the AV node also functions as a pacemaker; it can generate its own electrical impulse, causing cardiac contraction and ejection. When pacemakers such as the SA node or atria are abnormal and unable to generate normal electrical impulse, or when lesions in the pre-AV node region cause atrioventricular conduction block, the AV node can still generate electrical impulse and induce ventricular contraction. The SA node is the pacemaker for normal sinus rhythm.

[0005] The sinoatrial node (SA node) in humans is located at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium, and is generally a flattened oval structure. Normally, the atrioventricular groove formed by the endocardial cushions and central fibrous tissue, along with the valve annulus, separates the atria and ventricles. Except for the atrioventricular node, the atria and ventricles are electrically isolated. Ventricles require bioelectrical stimulation to contract. The bioelectrical impulses from the SA node must pass sequentially through the atria, the atrioventricular node, and the His bundle before entering the ventricles. The bioelectric impulses from the SA node initially cause simultaneous contraction of both atria, then are transmitted to the ventricles via the atrioventricular node. The ventricles then contract slightly later, completing the pumping process.

[0006] The atrioventricular node (AV node) is located in the lower part of the atrial septum, on the right side of the atrium, below the endocardium, anterosuperior to the coronary sinus ostium. It is flattened and oval-shaped, smaller than the sinoatrial node, and its anteroinferior end continues into the atrioventricular bundle. The function of the AV node is to transmit impulses from the sinoatrial node to the ventricles, and to briefly delay these impulses within the node, preventing the atrial and ventricular myocardium from contracting simultaneously. This allows for the proper sequential pumping of blood. Under normal circumstances, the AV node does not generate impulses independently.

[0007] In a normal heart, the atria and ventricles are separated by an atrioventricular ring. Only the atrioventricular node can conduct electrical impulses from the atria into the ventricles; other parts of the atria and ventricles are electrically isolated. In some patients, in addition to the atrioventricular node connecting the atria and ventricles, there are connections between the atria and ventricles in other parts of the heart; these connections are called atrioventricular accessory pathways. The impulses generated by atrial impulses through these accessory pathways are abnormal conduction pathways and can manifest in various ways, sometimes quickly and sometimes slowly. Ventricular pre-excitation is a type of arrhythmia where the heart's electrical impulses are prematurely conducted to part of the ventricles, causing premature contraction of that part of the ventricles. Ventricular pre-excitation is a conduction disorder of the atrioventricular system, referring to the arrhythmia caused by the presence of accessory pathways, where cardiac electrical activity cannot be conducted in the sequential order of the sinoatrial node, internodal tracts, atrioventricular node, and left and right ventricular conduction bundles, and where the conduction of cardiac electrical excitation along the accessory pathways leads to premature excitation of part of the left and / or right ventricles. Pre-excitation occurs when atrial excitation does not completely pass through the atrioventricular node, but part of it is conducted to the ventricles via a congenital accessory atrioventricular pathway, causing partial or complete premature ventricular excitation. When combined with supraventricular tachycardia, it becomes pre-excitation syndrome. Ventricular pre-excitation is a rapid arrhythmia; when combined with supraventricular tachycardia, there may be a significant increase in heart rate. During an episode, palpitations, hypotension, and syncope may occur. Unless recorded rapidly during an episode, this arrhythmia is difficult to detect on a standard electrocardiogram (ECG). Most patients require 24-hour continuous Holter monitoring to assess their condition.

[0008] Most patients with ventricular preexcitation (VEPO) do not have organic heart disease. Isolated VEPO is asymptomatic and is often discovered during routine electrocardiogram (ECG) examinations. Therefore, this condition requires ECG observation and diagnosis. While experienced clinicians can perform this task, interns and students often struggle to assess and understand the heartbeat patterns and mechanisms of VEPO. Explanations from experienced physicians are also challenging. The extent of VEPO varies from person to person, resulting in slightly different ECG readings with very subtle differences, making it even more difficult to determine the patient's actual condition through ECG alone.

[0009] Based on this, the present invention designs a ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model that can intuitively demonstrate the electrocardiographic conduction path from the inside out by transmitting the electrical signals from the sinoatrial node inside the heart model to the conduction range on the surface of the heart. This allows students to directly observe the conduction path and range of ventricular pre-excitation, making teaching easier. It can also demonstrate the different conduction ranges formed by the atrioventricular bypass and atrioventricular node conduction, and vividly illustrate the different states of cardiac impulses generated on the heart surface due to different conduction paths. Furthermore, the demonstration uses LED beads flashing along a light ring to dynamically display the electrocardiographic conduction path, making it more vivid, clearer, and more explicit. It can also be linked to a corresponding electrocardiogram on the display screen for a more convenient and simpler teaching experience.

[0011] This invention is implemented as follows: a ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model, comprising:

[0012] Normal conductive light strip, rotary switch, bypass conductive light strip, base and heart model;

[0013] The base is a stable supporting box, and a heart model is stably mounted on the top of the base. The front side of the atrium of the heart model is a cross-section, and the ventricle of the heart model is a complete hemispherical model. The cross-section of the heart model faces forward.

[0014] Atrial light strips were installed between the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node and the atrioventricular bypass in the cardiac model.

[0015] The base is also equipped with a rotary switch, a display screen, and a controller, and the display screen and rotary switch are both connected to the controller;

[0016] The normal conduction light strip and the bypass conduction light strip are both distributed in the ventricles of the heart model. The normal conduction light strip and the bypass conduction light strip do not contact each other. The normal conduction light strip and the bypass conduction light strip are installed in two staggered layers.

[0017] Both the normal conductive light strip and the bypass conductive light strip are equipped with multiple independent light strips inside. Each light strip inside the normal conductive light strip and the bypass conductive light strip is connected in parallel with each other. Each independent light strip inside the normal conductive light strip and the bypass conductive light strip is individually electrically connected to a rotary switch.

[0018] The normal conduction light strip and the bypass conduction light strip are spread out inside the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model, and each of the atrial light strip, normal conduction light strip and bypass conduction light strip has a light bead on its front side.

[0019] Furthermore, a contact ring is provided on the outside of the rotary switch. The contact ring is an annular conductive piece, and multiple left ventricular and right ventricular conduction blocks are protruding inward from the inner edge of the contact ring.

[0020] The number of left ventricular conduction blocks is the same as that of normal conduction light strips, and multiple left ventricular conduction blocks are electrically connected to multiple normal conduction light strips in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0021] The number of right ventricular conduction blocks and bypass conduction light strips are the same, and multiple right ventricular conduction blocks are electrically connected to multiple bypass conduction light strips in a one-to-one correspondence;

[0022] The contact ring is fixedly installed inside the base. The outer end of the rotary switch is an insulated knob, and the inner end of the rotary switch is a cam. The rotary switch is rotatably mounted on the base. The inner cam of the rotary switch is electrically connected to both the left ventricular guide block and the right ventricular guide block, which can be rotated and separated. The inner cam of the rotary switch is also electrically connected to the controller.

[0023] The distribution arc surfaces of the left and right ventricular guide blocks do not exceed 80°, and the left and right ventricular guide blocks are distributed around the outside of the rotary switch. The electrical contact ring is fixedly positioned around the outside of the rotary switch.

[0024] Furthermore, the normal conductive light strip is positioned above the bypass conductive light strip. Both the normal conductive light strip and the bypass conductive light strip contain multiple LED beads, and the normal conductive light strip does not obstruct the light-emitting LED beads of the bypass conductive light strip. The LED beads in the normal conductive light strip and the bypass conductive light strip are of different colors.

[0025] Furthermore, the normal conductive light strip includes multiple LED light strips;

[0026] Multiple normal conductive light strips are distributed and attached to the inner wall of the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model, and the normal conductive light strips cover the entire spherical surface of the left and right ventricles of the heart model;

[0027] The bypass conduction light strip is also composed of multiple LED light strips, which are distributed in the right ventricle of the heart model. Some of the bypass conduction light strips also cover part of the right ventricle, and the bypass conduction light strips are also attached to the inner wall of the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model.

[0028] The normal conduction light strip and the bypass conduction light strip are spread and adhered to the inner wall of the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model, with the light-emitting surface of the light beads facing outwards, and the normal conduction light strip and the bypass conduction light strip cover the entire ventricular hemisphere of the heart model.

[0029] The normally conductive light strips and bypass conductive light strips are interspersed, and the LEDs on them do not block each other.

[0030] Furthermore, a battery is installed inside the base, and the rotary switch is electrically connected to the battery via a controller;

[0031] The display screen is a digital display.

[0032] Furthermore, the front of the LED beads on the atrial light strip is covered and attached to a cover plate, which is a light guide plate;

[0033] The LEDs are all mounted on the base plate. Each of the atrial LED strip, normal conduction LED strip, and bypass conduction LED strip has a connecting wire on its base plate. The controller is connected to each LED strip individually via its connecting wire.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. This invention uses a light ring to display the ventricular pre-excitation caused by the atrioventricular bypass, thereby more vividly displaying the conduction path of the cardiac impulse generated by this atrioventricular bypass, and enlarging the conduction path inside the heart into a model for display, which is more vivid. The conduction path of the cardiac impulse is displayed by lighting or turning off the lights in a ring, which is more intuitive and accurate, and makes the cardiac conduction of the atrioventricular node more vivid.

[0035] 2. By using various colored normal conduction light strips and bypass conduction light strips, the electrocardiographic conduction of the atrioventricular bypass pathway is displayed. This allows for a clearer and more explicit demonstration of different conduction patterns of ventricular pre-excitation, as well as the coverage of different conduction ranges and their impact on the heart's excitation range. The device also includes a display screen that matches the electrocardiogram (ECG) to different coverage patterns, allowing for convenient adjustment of the displayed ECG content and differentiation based on different colors. It matches the corresponding ECG waveforms to different conduction patterns in the atrioventricular bypass pathway, making teaching more intuitive, accurate, and vivid. It moves beyond abstract diagrams to a more realistic simulation of atrioventricular bypass pathway electrocardiographic conduction. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front distribution structure of the normal conductive light strip of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the front distribution structure of the bypass conduction lamp strip of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the simultaneous lighting distribution of the normal conductive light strip and the bypass conductive light strip in this invention;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the energized state structure of the rotary switch of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rotary switch in the power-off state of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a single waiting line in this invention.

[0044] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0045] 1-Normal conduction light strip, 11-LED bead, 12-Base plate, 13-Cover plate, 2-Rotary switch, 21-Left ventricular conduction block, 22-Right ventricular conduction block, 23-Electrical connection ring, 3-Borrowed conduction light strip, 4-Base, 41-Heart model, 42-Display screen, 43-Controller, 44-Atrial light strip. Detailed Implementation

[0046] Please see Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model, comprising:

[0047] Normal conductive light strip 1, rotary switch 2, bypass conductive light strip 3, base 4, and heart model 41;

[0048] The base 4 is a stable supporting box, and the heart model 41 is stably mounted on the top of the base 4. The front side of the atrium of the heart model 41 is a cross-section, and the ventricle of the heart model 41 is a complete hemispherical model. The cross-section of the heart model 41 faces forward.

[0049] Atrial light strips 44 were installed between the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node and the atrioventricular bypass in the heart model 41;

[0050] The base 4 is also equipped with a rotary switch 2, a display screen 42 and a controller 43, and the display screen 42 and the rotary switch 2 are both connected to the controller 43;

[0051] Normal conduction light strip 1 and bypass conduction light strip 3 are both distributed in the ventricles of the heart model 41. Normal conduction light strip 1 and bypass conduction light strip 3 do not contact each other. Normal conduction light strip 1 and bypass conduction light strip 3 are installed in two staggered layers, upper and lower.

[0052] Both the normal conductive light strip 1 and the bypass conductive light strip 3 are equipped with multiple independent light strips. Each light strip inside the normal conductive light strip 1 and the bypass conductive light strip 3 is connected in parallel with each other. Each independent light strip inside the normal conductive light strip 1 and the bypass conductive light strip 3 is individually electrically connected to the rotary switch 2.

[0053] Both the normal conduction light strip 1 and the bypass conduction light strip 3 are spread out inside the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model 41. Each atrial light strip 44, normal conduction light strip 1, and bypass conduction light strip 3 has an LED bead 11 on its front. The LED bead 11 can be emitted through the sinoatrial node inside the heart model 41 and conducted to the conduction range on the surface of the heart, providing a direct and intuitive display of the electrocardiographic conduction path from the inside out. This allows students to directly observe the conduction path and range of ventricular pre-excitation, making teaching easier. It can also demonstrate the different conduction ranges formed by the atrioventricular bypass and atrioventricular node conduction, and vividly show the different states of cardiac impulses generated on the surface of the heart due to the different conduction paths. Moreover, the LED bead 11 flashes and moves along the light ring during the display, providing a dynamic display that vividly shows the process of the electrocardiographic conduction path. This is more vivid, clearer, and more explicit. Furthermore, it can be matched with the corresponding electrocardiogram on the display screen 42 for related display, making it more convenient to use and making teaching clearer and simpler.

[0054] Among them, the rotary switch 2 is provided with a contact ring 23 on the outside. The contact ring 23 is an annular conductive piece. Multiple left ventricular conduction blocks 21 and right ventricular conduction blocks 22 are protruding inward from the inner ring edge of the contact ring 23.

[0055] The number of left ventricular conduction blocks 21 is the same as that of normal conduction lamp strips 1, and multiple left ventricular conduction blocks 21 are electrically connected to multiple normal conduction lamp strips 1 in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0056] The number of right ventricular conduction blocks 22 and the number of bypass conduction lamp strips 3 are the same, and multiple right ventricular conduction blocks 22 and multiple bypass conduction lamp strips 3 are electrically connected one-to-one;

[0057] The contact ring 23 is fixedly installed inside the base 4. The outer end of the rotary switch 2 is an insulated knob, and the inner end of the rotary switch 2 is a cam. The rotary switch 2 is rotatably mounted on the base 4. The inner cam of the rotary switch 2 is electrically connected to the left ventricular guide block 21 and the right ventricular guide block 22, which can be rotated and separated. The inner cam of the rotary switch 2 is also electrically connected to the controller 43.

[0058] The distribution arc surfaces of the left ventricular guide block 21 and the right ventricular guide block 22 do not exceed 80°. The left ventricular guide block 21 and the right ventricular guide block 22 are distributed around the outside of the rotary switch 2. The position of the connecting ring 23 is fixed around the outside of the rotary switch 2. The light strip can be easily controlled by the rotary switch 2 to control different range sizes. The operation is simple and the display range can be freely controlled. It can be manually controlled repeatedly for comparison and explanation, and it can also be automatically controlled by the controller 43. It can automatically and continuously make gradual range changes, which can give students an intuitive demonstration of the change process.

[0059] The normal conduction light strip 1 is positioned above the bypass conduction light strip 3. Both the normal conduction light strip 1 and the bypass conduction light strip 3 contain multiple LED beads 11. The normal conduction light strip 1 does not obstruct the light-emitting LED beads 11 of the bypass conduction light strip 3. The LED beads 11 in the normal conduction light strip 1 and the bypass conduction light strip 3 are of different colors, which facilitates alternating display and allows for control of different ranges, thereby demonstrating the degree of danger caused by different ranges of ventricular pre-excitation.

[0060] Normal conduction light strip 1 includes multiple light strips, each with the same structure but different distribution shapes. It is sufficient to distribute and cover the entire ventricle to facilitate the simulation and demonstration of cardiac electrocardiogram fluctuations.

[0061] The normal conductive light strip 1 is mainly distributed and covers the model inside the left ventricle, and is required to completely cover the left ventricle. Multiple normal conductive light strips 1 are also distributed in the right ventricle of the heart model 41 to simulate the normal beating of the heart. The normal conductive light strip 1 is fan-shaped and evenly distributed and attached to the inner wall of the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model 41. The outer shell of the heart model 41 is a light guide plate, which facilitates the dispersion and guidance of light, making the light soft and in a range of light display state.

[0062] The bypass conduction light strip 3 includes multiple light strips. The bypass conduction light strip 3 and the normal conduction light strip 1 have the same internal structure and power connection method, but the shape and distribution position are different. The bypass conduction light strip 3 is mainly distributed in the right ventricle of the heart model 41, and some are also distributed in an arc shape and attached to the inner wall of the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model 41.

[0063] Normal conduction light strip 1 and bypass conduction light strip 3 are spread and adhered to the inner wall of the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model 41, with the light-emitting surface of the lamp bead 11 facing outwards. Normal conduction light strip 1 and bypass conduction light strip 3 cover the entire ventricular hemisphere of the heart model 41.

[0064] Some of the normal conductive light strips 1 and the bypass conductive light strips 3 are distributed alternately, just for the purpose of display and to show the changes in the coverage area. As long as the circuits are not connected and the LED beads 11 do not block each other, it is easy to control each light strip individually. The structure is simple and easy to use. They can be manually controlled one by one. They can be manually rotated in reverse or forward by turning the knob switch 2. The operation is simple and more flexible.

[0065] The base 4 has a battery inside, and the rotary switch 2 is electrically connected to the battery through the controller 43;

[0066] The display screen 42 is a digital display, which facilitates the control of the electrocardiogram waveform displayed on the display screen 42. Moreover, the display screen 42 can correspond one-to-one with the displayed light strip, which can conveniently display the matching electrocardiogram waveform.

[0067] The front of the LED bead 11 on the atrial light strip 44 is covered and attached to the cover plate 13, which is a light guide plate.

[0068] The LED beads 11 are all mounted on the base plate 12. Each atrial LED strip 44, normal conduction LED strip 1, and bypass conduction LED strip 3 is equipped with a connecting wire on the base plate 12. The controller 43 is connected to the connecting wire of each LED strip individually, so that the LED beads 11 can intuitively display the condition of the heart model 41 and are all controlled individually.

[0069] In a specific embodiment of the present invention:

[0070] This invention provides a ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model. The technical problems encountered by this invention are: 1. Current heart models only show the internal structure of the heart, allowing for intuitive observation and facilitating teaching. However, the internal electrical conduction cannot be visually demonstrated, relying entirely on abstract explanations from doctors and instructors. In particular, the conduction from the sinoatrial node to the outer wall of the heart cannot be demonstrated, and there is no relevant technical content. The principles of these diseases are entirely explained, and the symptom feedback of changes in the heart varies for each different disease. Currently, there is no suitable device for demonstration; 2. The coverage area of ​​ventricular pre-excitation caused by atrioventricular bypass varies from person to person, some large, some small, and the corresponding electrocardiograms also differ. Previous teaching relied on students memorizing and teachers explaining. Some instructors with drawing skills could provide diagrams, but these were inconvenient to demonstrate, resulting in poor demonstration effects and low teaching quality.

[0071] The technical problem solved by this invention is that by using a heart model 41 with a half-section of the upper atrium to show the electrocardiographic conduction path, and a complete heart model 41 with the lower ventricle, it is convenient to show the electrocardiographic impulses generated by the sinoatrial node inside the heart being transmitted outward to the ventricle, and convenient to show the electrocardiographic impulses of different ranges transmitted by the atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bypass, with excellent display effect.

[0072] The technical effects achieved are as follows: 1. The present invention uses light strips to display ventricular pre-excitation caused by atrioventricular bypass, thereby more vividly displaying the conduction path of cardiac impulses of ventricular pre-excitation caused by atrioventricular bypass. The conduction path inside the heart is enlarged into a heart model 41 for display, and it is more vivid that the conduction is from inside the heart to outside the heart. The conduction path of cardiac impulses is displayed by the light beads 11 arranged in a ring and turned on or off. The display is more intuitive and accurate, making the cardiac conduction of the atrioventricular node and atrioventricular bypass more vivid.

[0073] 2. The electrocardiographic conduction of the atrioventricular bypass is displayed using normal conduction light strips 1 and bypass conduction light strips 3 of various colors. This allows for a clearer and more explicit display of different conduction conditions of ventricular pre-excitation. The varying coverage of the normal conduction light strips 1 and bypass conduction light strips 3 indicates different sizes of conduction coverage of the atrioventricular node and the atrioventricular bypass. This conduction coverage is then projected onto the surface of the heart model 41. The device includes a display screen 42, which can match the electrocardiogram to different coverage conditions. This allows for easy adjustment of the displayed electrocardiogram content and differentiation based on different colors. The color of the left ventricle continuously dims, and the coverage area shrinks, visually indicating that the stimulation range of the atrioventricular node's conduction impulse on the ventricle is decreasing. Meanwhile, the coverage area of ​​the right ventricle's light strip 3 expands under the control of the rotary switch 2 or the controller 43, visually indicating the changes in the atrioventricular bypass's conduction impulse on the heart. This provides a clear indication of the severity of cardiac pre-excitation or the different degrees of the condition.

[0074] 3. It can match the corresponding electrocardiogram waveforms for different conduction conditions of the atrioventricular bypass. Because the differences in electrocardiograms for different coverage areas of ventricular pre-excitation are very small, they need to be compared and observed. It is difficult to distinguish and explain them by direct viewing. This device can be repeatedly compared and verified by continuously rotating the knob, and the knob switch 2 can also be rotated in reverse. This makes the teaching more intuitive, more accurate, and more vivid. It is no longer an abstract explanation of the diagrams, nor is it a one-time demonstration. It allows students to watch repeatedly to deepen their impression and carefully observe and compare the subtle differences. It is a more realistic simulation of ventricular pre-excitation caused by the atrioventricular bypass for observation and explanation.

[0075] The technical solution in this invention is to solve the above problems, and the overall idea is as follows:

[0076] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0077] In manufacturing this invention, it is necessary to manufacture a normal conductive light strip 1, a rotary switch 2, a bypass conductive light strip 3, a base 4, and a heart model 41;

[0078] The base 4 is a stable supporting box, and a battery is installed inside the base 4. The rotary switch 2 is electrically connected to the battery through the controller 43; the display screen 42 is a digital display. The digital display can easily display graphics of different shapes, and can be adjusted either through an external storage device or through devices pre-stored by the controller 43.

[0079] The heart model 41 is stably mounted on the top of the base 4. The front side of the atrium of the heart model 41 is a cross-section, and the ventricle of the heart model 41 is a complete hemispherical model. The cross-section of the heart model 41 faces forward.

[0080] Atrial light strips 44 are installed between the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node and the atrioventricular bypass of the heart model 41; the LED beads 11 on the atrial light strips 44 are covered and attached to the cover plate 13, which is a light guide plate.

[0081] The normal conduction light strip 1 is positioned above the bypass conduction light strip 3. Both the normal conduction light strip 1 and the bypass conduction light strip 3 contain multiple LED beads 11. The normal conduction light strip 1 does not obstruct the light-emitting LED beads 11 of the bypass conduction light strip 3. The LED beads 11 in the normal conduction light strip 1 and the bypass conduction light strip 3 are different colors. That is, the normal conduction light strip 1, which transmits through the atrioventricular node, is green, representing a normal conduction path, while the bypass conduction light strip 3, which transmits through the atrioventricular bypass into the ventricle, is red, representing an abnormal electrocardiographic conduction path that may pose a danger. The color change makes it easy to observe.

[0082] The LED beads 11 are all placed on the base plate 12. Each atrial LED strip 44, normal conduction LED strip 1 and bypass conduction LED strip 3 is equipped with a connecting wire on the base plate 12. The controller 43 is connected to the connecting wire of each LED strip individually, so as to facilitate the individual control of the start and stop of each LED strip. The rotary switch 2 is also individually controlled by each LED strip.

[0083] Normal conduction light strip 1 and bypass conduction light strip 3 are both distributed in the ventricles of the heart model 41. Normal conduction light strip 1 and bypass conduction light strip 3 do not contact each other. Normal conduction light strip 1 and bypass conduction light strip 3 are installed in two staggered layers, but the lamp beads 11 do not block each other to avoid the light being blocked. Just stagger the distribution of lamp beads 11 at the intersection.

[0084] Both the normal conductive light strip 1 and the bypass conductive light strip 3 are equipped with multiple independent light strips. Each light strip inside the normal conductive light strip 1 and the bypass conductive light strip 3 is connected in parallel with each other. Each independent light strip inside the normal conductive light strip 1 and the bypass conductive light strip 3 is individually electrically connected to the rotary switch 2.

[0085] Normal conduction light strip 1 and bypass conduction light strip 3 are spread out inside the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model 41. Each atrial light strip 44, normal conduction light strip 1 and bypass conduction light strip 3 is equipped with a light bead 11 on the front.

[0086] Normal conductive light strip 1 includes multiple LED light strips;

[0087] Multiple normal conductive light strips 1 are distributed and attached to the inner wall of the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model 41, and the normal conductive light strips 1 cover the entire spherical surface of the left and right ventricles of the heart model 41.

[0088] This design allows the light strip to adhere to the inner wall of the heart model 41 for display, making the display clear. The outer shell of the ventricle below the entire heart model 41 is made of a light guide plate, which facilitates the diffusion of the light from the LED beads 11 and displays the light evenly.

[0089] The bypass conduction light strip 3 is also composed of multiple LED light strips. The multiple bypass conduction light strips 3 are distributed in the right ventricle of the heart model 41. Some of the bypass conduction light strips 3 also cover part of the right ventricle. The bypass conduction light strips 3 are also attached to the inner wall of the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model 41.

[0090] The normal conduction light strip 1 and the bypass conduction light strip 3 are spread and adhered to the inner wall of the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model 41, and the light-emitting surface of the lamp bead 11 faces outward. The normal conduction light strip 1 and the bypass conduction light strip 3 cover the entire ventricular hemisphere of the heart model 41.

[0091] LED 11 is also attached to the inner wall of the heart model 41 and emits light outwards, which facilitates the display of the light;

[0092] Normal conduction light strip 1 and bypass conduction light strip 3 are spread and adhered to the inner wall of the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model 41, with the light-emitting surface of the lamp bead 11 facing outwards. Normal conduction light strip 1 and bypass conduction light strip 3 cover the entire ventricular hemisphere of the heart model 41.

[0093] The normally conductive LED strip 1 and the bypass conductive LED strip 3 are interleaved, and the LED beads 11 on them do not obstruct each other.

[0094] The base 4 is also equipped with a rotary switch 2, a display screen 42 and a controller 43, and the display screen 42 and the rotary switch 2 are both connected to the controller 43;

[0095] The rotary switch 2 has an external contact ring 23, which is an annular conductive piece. Multiple left ventricular conduction blocks 21 and right ventricular conduction blocks 22 are protruding inward from the inner ring edge of the contact ring 23.

[0096] The number of left ventricular conduction blocks 21 is the same as that of normal conduction lamp strips 1, and multiple left ventricular conduction blocks 21 are electrically connected to multiple normal conduction lamp strips 1 in a one-to-one correspondence.

[0097] The number of right ventricular conduction blocks 22 and the number of bypass conduction lamp strips 3 are the same, and multiple right ventricular conduction blocks 22 and multiple bypass conduction lamp strips 3 are electrically connected one-to-one;

[0098] The contact ring 23 is fixedly installed inside the base 4. The outer end of the rotary switch 2 is an insulated knob, and the inner end of the rotary switch 2 is a cam. The rotary switch 2 is rotatably mounted on the base 4. The inner cam of the rotary switch 2 is electrically connected to the left ventricular guide block 21 and the right ventricular guide block 22, which can be rotated and separated. The inner cam of the rotary switch 2 is also electrically connected to the controller 43.

[0099] The distribution arc surfaces of the left ventricular guide block 21 and the right ventricular guide block 22 do not exceed 80° angle, and the left ventricular guide block 21 and the right ventricular guide block 22 are arranged around the outside of the rotary switch 2. The position of the power-connecting ring 23 is fixed around the outside of the rotary switch 2, and the distribution arc surface of the power-connecting ring 23 is larger than the distribution arc surface of the convex surface of the rotary switch 2 with a larger power-connecting radius, so as to avoid the situation where the light strip is always on and cannot be turned off.

[0100] The base 4 has a battery inside, and the rotary switch 2 is electrically connected to the battery. The connection method is that the positive terminal of the battery inside the base 4 is connected to two electrical contact rings 23. There are multiple left ventricular conduction blocks 21 on the rotary switch 2, and each left ventricular conduction block 21 is electrically connected to a normal conduction light strip 1.

[0101] There are multiple right ventricular conduction blocks 22, each of which is electrically connected to the bypass conduction light strip 3 in a one-to-one correspondence, so as to control the lighting or extinguishing of the light and to display the heart. The attached figure only shows the front of the heart model 41. The back of the heart model 41, the ventricular part, is also covered with the normal conduction light strip 1 and the bypass conduction light strip 3, and the proportions are exactly the same as the front, so as to facilitate the simulation demonstration of cardiac impulses and make it easy to view.

[0102] The other end of each light strip is connected to the negative terminal of the battery. A lithium battery can be used, which is convenient to use, portable, rechargeable, and avoids contact hazards. The connecting ring 23 is fixed inside the base 4 and does not rotate. The outer ring is fitted with an insulating wooden shell. The rotary switch 2 can rotate through a vertical shaft and cannot be separated. The inner end of the rotary switch 2 that is connected to the connecting ring 23 is a cam. When the convex side of the cam rotates in an arc shape to fit inside the connecting ring 23, the convex arc surface of the cam will connect to each left ventricular guide block 21 and each right ventricular guide block 22 during the rotation, so that each light strip in the normal conduction light strip 1 and the bypass conduction light strip 3 can rotate and be energized.

[0103] As the rotary switch 2 continues to rotate, the small radius arc surface of the cam will gradually coincide with the inner ring of the contact ring 23. However, the small radius arc surface of the rotary switch 2 will not rotate with the contact ring 23. The convex arc of each different left ventricular guide block 21 and right ventricular guide block 22 is small and will not contact the left ventricular guide block 21 and right ventricular guide block 22. Thus, during the continuous rotation, the lit light strips will continuously turn off, so as to display the electrocardiographic conduction state of cardiac pre-excitation. The lit range of the normal conduction light strip 1 of the left ventricle will continuously shrink, while the lit range of the bypass conduction light strip 3 will continuously expand, displaying the ventricular conduction range of different states. Finally, when it is turned off, it can be controlled to turn off together by the controller 43. This is a relatively independent and reliable control method.

[0104] The state can also be set through the controller 43, and the microcontroller in the controller 43 can control the on and off of different normal conduction light strips 1 and bypass conduction light strips 3 to achieve the purpose of controlling the lighting range of the light strips. This device only needs to continuously shrink the lighting range of the left ventricle and continuously expand the lighting display range of the right ventricle. The lighting can be automatically controlled by the controller 43 or manually controlled by the knob switch 2. Manual control allows for greater freedom and can be conveniently coordinated with the instructor's explanation process and steps, while automatic control can display a continuously deforming and uniformly changing process.

[0105] The controller 43 is a separate controller for controlling the waveform of the display screen 42, which makes it easy to adjust and display the electrocardiogram waveform displayed on the display screen 42, and can control the display screen 42 to display different electrocardiogram waveforms.

[0106] When using this invention, the normal conduction light strip 1, the bypass conduction light strip 3 and the atrial light strip 44 are turned on by the controller 43, and the inner end of the entire rotary switch 2 is connected to the battery by the controller 43. Then the rotary switch 2 can be rotated to connect to the battery.

[0107] When it is necessary to display the normal pathway, only the normal conduction light strip 1 is turned on, so that the entire outer wall of the ventricle is lit up through the normal conduction light strip 1, while the bypass conduction light strip 3 is turned off. At this time, the entire ventricle receives normal cardiac conduction, and both ventricles are covered by the green light of the normal ventricle light strip 1, so that the light strips representing the left and right ventricles of the entire heart are lit up.

[0108] At this point, the sinoatrial node is conducted through the atrial light strip 44 into the atrioventricular node, and then to the normal conduction light strip 1, illuminating all the light strips. The conduction method of the LED beads 11 is to light up and turn off in a forward-moving manner. The connection method of the LED beads 11 requires that the lighting mode of each loop be controlled individually. The LED beads 11 must continuously move forward on and off on each light strip to achieve the lighting mode of each light strip showing a continuous forward-moving state. That is, the LED beads 11 at the front continuously light up, and the LED beads 11 at the rear continuously turn off as they move, thus forming the moving state of the light strip. After each movement to the end, the lighting and turning off cycle is repeated until the power is cut off or the controller 43 controls the shutdown. This can be accomplished by a conventional neon light lighting control chip and is a conventional structure.

[0109] When it is necessary to show the abnormal conduction of the atrioventricular bypass, the normal conduction path will still be illuminated and flashing. The atrioventricular bypass also needs to be conducted through the sinoatrial node and the atrial light strip 44. The bypass conduction light strip 3 is activated on the side of the atrioventricular bypass. They can be activated one by one to show that the impulse in the right ventricle is conducted by the atrioventricular bypass.

[0110] like Figure 4 As shown, when part of the ventricle conducts impulses through the atrioventricular node and another part through the atrioventricular bypass, there are two control methods. One is to rotate the knob switch 2 until the required left ventricular conduction block 21 and right ventricular conduction block 22 contact the inner cam, so that both the normal conduction light strip 1 and the bypass conduction light strip 3 are partially lit, showing the abnormal situation of electrocardiographic conduction. This display method can be rotated clockwise or counterclockwise according to the rotation of the knob switch 2 to show different conduction ranges.

[0111] The second method is to control it through the controller 43. According to the set method, the number of normal conduction light strips 1 that are lit will be continuously reduced, while the number of bypass conduction light strips 3 that are lit will be continuously increased, showing the condition of different symptoms. At this time, the range of the green normal conduction light strip 1 will be continuously reduced, while the range of the red bypass conduction light strip 3 will be continuously expanded, showing a large-scale pre-excitation state.

[0112] The left and right sides of this device are defined by the left and right sides of the heart, with the left ventricle being the left side and the right ventricle being the right side. The inner end of the rotary switch 2 is inside the base 4, while the outer end of the rotary switch 2 is an insulating shell located outside the base 4, making it convenient for people to turn the switch. Moreover, this device is powered by a DC battery, making it safe and convenient to use.

[0113] While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that the specific embodiments described are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Equivalent modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model, characterized in that, include: Normal conductive light strip (1), rotary switch (2), bypass conductive light strip (3), base (4) and heart model (41); The base (4) is a stable supporting box, and a heart model (41) is stably mounted on the top of the base (4). The front side of the atrium of the heart model (41) is a cross section, and the ventricle of the heart model (41) is a complete hemispherical model. The cross section of the heart model (41) faces forward. Atrial light strips (44) are installed between the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node and the atrioventricular bypass in the heart model (41). The base (4) is also equipped with a rotary switch (2), a display screen (42) and a controller (43), and the display screen (42) and the rotary switch (2) are both connected to the controller (43); The normal conduction light strip (1) and the bypass conduction light strip (3) are both distributed in the ventricles of the heart model (41). The normal conduction light strip (1) and the bypass conduction light strip (3) do not contact each other. The normal conduction light strip (1) and the bypass conduction light strip (3) are installed in two staggered layers, one above the other. The normal conduction light strip (1) and the bypass conduction light strip (3) are each equipped with multiple independent light strips. Each light strip inside the normal conduction light strip (1) and the bypass conduction light strip (3) is connected in parallel with each other. Each independent light strip inside the normal conduction light strip (1) and the bypass conduction light strip (3) is electrically connected to the rotary switch (2) individually. The normal conduction light strip (1) and the bypass conduction light strip (3) are spread out inside the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model (41), and each of the atrial light strip (44), normal conduction light strip (1) and bypass conduction light strip (3) has a light bead (11) on its front side. The rotary switch (2) is provided with a contact ring (23) on its outside. The contact ring (23) is an annular conductive piece. Multiple left ventricular conduction blocks (21) and right ventricular conduction blocks (22) are protruding inward from the inner ring edge of the contact ring (23). The number of left ventricular conduction blocks (21) is the same as that of normal conduction lamp strips (1), and multiple left ventricular conduction blocks (21) are electrically connected to multiple normal conduction lamp strips (1) in a one-to-one correspondence; The number of right ventricular conduction blocks (22) is the same as the number of bypass conduction lamp strips (3), and multiple right ventricular conduction blocks (22) are electrically connected to multiple bypass conduction lamp strips (3) in a one-to-one correspondence; The contact ring (23) is fixedly installed inside the base (4). The outer end of the rotary switch (2) is an insulated knob, and the inner end of the rotary switch (2) is a cam. The rotary switch (2) is rotatably mounted on the base (4). The inner cam of the rotary switch (2) is electrically connected to the left ventricular guide block (21) and the right ventricular guide block (22), which can be rotated and separated. The inner cam of the rotary switch (2) is also electrically connected to the controller (43). The distribution arc surfaces of the left ventricular guide block (21) and the right ventricular guide block (22) do not exceed 80°, and the left ventricular guide block (21) and the right ventricular guide block (22) are distributed around the outside of the rotary switch (2), and the position of the contact ring (23) is fixed around the outside of the rotary switch (2); The normal conductive light strip (1) is positioned above the bypass conductive light strip (3). The normal conductive light strip (1) and the bypass conductive light strip (3) have the same structure. The normal conductive light strip (1) contains multiple LED beads (11), and the normal conductive light strip (1) does not obstruct the light-emitting LED beads (11) of the bypass conductive light strip (3). The colors of the LED beads (11) in the normal conductive light strip (1) and the bypass conductive light strip (3) are different.

2. The ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The normal conductive light strip (1) includes multiple LED light strips; Multiple normal conductive light strips (1) are spread out and attached to the inner wall of the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model (41), and the normal conductive light strips (1) cover the entire spherical surface of the left and right ventricles of the heart model (41); The bypass conduction light strip (3) is also composed of multiple LED light strips. The multiple bypass conduction light strips (3) are distributed in the right ventricle of the heart model (41). Some of the bypass conduction light strips (3) also cover part of the right ventricle. The bypass conduction light strips (3) are also attached to the inner wall of the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model (41). The normal conduction light strip (1) and the bypass conduction light strip (3) are spread and adhered to the inner wall of the ventricular hemisphere of the heart model (41), and the light-emitting surface of the light bead (11) faces outward. The normal conduction light strip (1) and the bypass conduction light strip (3) cover the entire ventricular hemisphere of the heart model (41). The normally conductive light strip (1) and the bypass conductive light strip (3) are interspersed, and the lamp beads (11) on them do not block each other.

3. The ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base (4) is equipped with a battery, and the rotary switch (2) is electrically connected to the battery through the controller (43); The display screen (42) is a digital display.

4. The ventricular pre-excitation demonstration model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front of the LED beads (11) on the atrial light strip (44) is covered and attached to the cover plate (13), which is a light guide plate; The lamp beads (11) are all placed on the base plate (12). Each of the atrial lamp strips (44), normal conduction lamp strips (1) and bypass conduction lamp strips (3) has a connecting line on its base plate (12). The controller (43) is connected to the connecting line of each lamp strip individually.

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