Method for simultaneously achieving defect passivation and room temperature encapsulation of perovskite solar cells by organic silicon polymer structure regulation
By introducing a telechelic silicone polymer into perovskite solar cells for defect passivation and room-temperature encapsulation, the problems of efficiency loss and insufficient stability in existing technologies are solved, achieving efficient device performance retention and long-term stability.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NORTHWESTERN POLYTECHNICAL UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2023-04-28
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for encapsulating perovskite solar cells suffer from significant efficiency losses and insufficient stability, especially in the vacuum hot-pressing process, which leads to a decline in device performance.
Perovskite solar cells were fabricated by introducing a perovskite light-absorbing layer using a telechelic silicone polymer via an anti-solvent method for defect passivation, and then achieving rapid cross-linking, curing, and encapsulation at room temperature through a condensation reaction.
It achieves efficient defect passivation and room temperature encapsulation of perovskite solar cells, with device efficiency loss of less than 1% and improved stability. The device maintains 92% to 95% of its initial efficiency after 1000 hours of operation at 50 to 60°C.
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Figure CN116568055B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of perovskite photovoltaic research and relates to a method for simultaneously achieving defect passivation and room temperature encapsulation of perovskite solar cells through the structural regulation of organosilicon polymers. Background Technology
[0002] Perovskite solar cells have attracted widespread attention from researchers due to their advantages such as low production cost and low-temperature fabrication. Among them, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of inverted perovskite solar cells has reached as high as 25.37%, but their commercialization has stalled due to insufficient long-term stability. The instability of perovskite solar cells mainly manifests in two aspects: intrinsic instability and environmental instability. Currently, researchers are using additive engineering to improve the intrinsic stability of devices by achieving defect passivation, suppressing ion migration, and regulating lattice stress. (Science 2023,379,399.Sci.Adv.2021,7,eabg0633.Joule 2022,6,1032.Adv.Mater.2019,31,1806823.Chem.Soc.Rev.,2022,51,7509-7530.) However, despite significant improvements in device performance, satisfactory device stability cannot be achieved solely through additive molecules.
[0003] To further improve the environmental stability of devices, researchers typically encapsulate optimized devices. Currently, widely reported polymer encapsulation materials include polyethylene elastomer (POE), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and polyisobutylene (PIB) for device encapsulation (Energy Environ. Sci., 2018, 11, 144-150, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 1809129, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9, 25073-25081). These polymers effectively suppress phase transitions and decomposition of perovskite in the environment, resulting in encapsulated perovskite devices exhibiting excellent stability. However, the encapsulation process for these polymer materials usually relies on vacuum thermopressing, which can induce phase separation in the perovskite, leading to a loss of device efficiency. Therefore, ensuring the long-term stable operation of perovskite devices without sacrificing device efficiency is a critical challenge that urgently needs to be addressed in the perovskite photovoltaic field. Summary of the Invention
[0004] Technical problems to be solved
[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention proposes a method for simultaneously achieving defect passivation and room-temperature encapsulation of perovskite solar cells through organosilicon polymer structure modulation. In practical applications, it has been found that the efficiency of perovskite devices modified with organosilicon polymers before encapsulation can reach 23.8%, while the efficiency loss of perovskite devices after encapsulation is ≤1%. Furthermore, the encapsulated devices maintain 92%–95% of their initial efficiency after 1000 hours of operation under maximum power point tracking at 50–60°C. This strategy has significant commercial potential and will help further promote the widespread application of perovskite photovoltaic devices.
[0006] Technical solution
[0007] A method for simultaneously achieving defect passivation and room-temperature encapsulation of perovskite solar cells through organosilicon polymer structure modulation, characterized by the following steps:
[0008] Step 1: Defect passivation is achieved by introducing a telechelicer-type organosilicon polymer into the perovskite light-absorbing layer via an anti-solvent method: nickel oxide (NiO) is then applied. x An aqueous solution was spin-coated onto a clean fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass substrate. Then, a chlorobenzene solution of poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) was spin-coated onto the FTO / NiOx substrate. Finally, a perovskite precursor solution was spin-coated onto the FTO / NiOx substrate. x / PTAA substrate;
[0009] The perovskite precursor solution is spin-coated at a speed of 1000-2000 rpm. After spin-coating for 10-30 seconds, it is rotated at 5000-6000 rpm for 30-40 seconds. In the remaining 12-15 seconds, a chlorobenzene solution of the remote gripper organosilicon polymer PDMA is added to complete the spin-coating.
[0010] The spin-coated perovskite film was transferred to a heating platform and annealed at 110–120°C for 20–30 minutes. After the substrate cooled to room temperature, the PC was then... 61 BM and C 60 The mixed solution was spin-coated onto the perovskite, rotated at 4000-5000 rpm for 50-60 seconds, and annealed at 60-80℃ for 5-10 minutes.
[0011] Step 2: Place the substrate processed in Step 1 onto a mask in a vacuum evaporation apparatus, and simultaneously place BCP (8-10 nm), Cr (5-8 nm), and Au (100-110 nm) in an evaporation boat, and evaporate at 2×10⁻⁶ nm. -6 ~3×10 -6 The three materials were deposited onto the substrate by vacuum evaporation under mbar to complete the fabrication of the perovskite solar cell.
[0012] Step 3: Mix the remote gripper silicone polymer PDMA and the catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL). Drop the uncured polymer onto the cover glass and spin-coate to prepare a uniform silicone polymer film. Press the cover glass with the silicone polymer coating onto the perovskite solar cell and let it stand at room temperature until the encapsulation material is fully cured to obtain the encapsulated perovskite solar cell.
[0013] The concentration of the chlorobenzene solution of the telechelic organosilicon polymer PDMA is 0–0.1 mg / mL.
[0014] The amount of PDMA chlorobenzene solution added in step 1 is 150-180 μL.
[0015] PC in step 1 61 BM and C 60 The mass ratio of the mixed solution is 4:1.
[0016] The PC added in step 1 61 BM and C 60 The mixed solution concentration is 25–50 mg / mL.
[0017] In step 2, the ratio of PDMA to the catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) is 3-6 g PDMA to 20-30 mg DBTDL.
[0018] In step 2, the PDMA and DBTDL mixture is stirred at room temperature for 5-10 minutes.
[0019] In step 2, the spin coater is used to prepare a uniformly thick organosilicon polymer film at a spin speed of 1000–3000 rpm for 30–40 s.
[0020] The telechelic organosilicon polymer PDMA is prepared by polymerization reaction of polydimethylsiloxane HTPS and 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane, wherein the polydimethylsiloxane is preferably a hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane.
[0021] The ratio of polydimethylsiloxane HTPS to 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane is 200-300g HTPS to 10-30g 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane.
[0022] Beneficial effects
[0023] This invention proposes a method for simultaneously achieving defect passivation and room-temperature encapsulation of perovskite solar cells through the structural modulation of organosilicon polymers. First, a telechelic organosilicon polymer is synthesized. This polymer is then introduced into the perovskite light-absorbing layer via an anti-solvent method to achieve defect passivation. Furthermore, the organosilicon polymer is prepared into a polymer gel using a condensation reaction. The perovskite solar cell is then encapsulated through rapid cross-linking and curing of the polymer gel at room temperature.
[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0025] (1) Compared with the inherent problems of high moisture absorption, poor anti-aging performance, and corrosiveness to photovoltaic devices in existing ethylene-vinyl acetate encapsulation materials, this organosilicon polymer has advantages such as high transparency, low internal stress, and strong anti-yellowing performance. It can not only be used as an additive to modify the perovskite light-absorbing layer, suppress non-radiative recombination of charge carriers and improve the efficiency of photovoltaic devices, but also as an encapsulation material to achieve rapid room temperature encapsulation of perovskite solar cells, effectively blocking the damage of perovskite by external water and oxygen, suppressing the phase transition and decomposition of perovskite, thereby improving the stability of perovskite photovoltaic devices. At the same time, the passivation-encapsulation synergistic method of this organosilicon polymer is simple, efficient, low-cost, and has a wide range of raw material sources, which is conducive to large-scale production and application.
[0026] (2) Compared with the damage to perovskite caused by degassing vapor during UV curing and vacuum high pressure environment during vacuum hot pressing, this organosilicon polymer can achieve rapid cross-linking and curing at room temperature. The encapsulation process is simple and efficient, does not require vacuum hot pressing equipment, and causes less performance loss to solar photovoltaic devices.
[0027] Application research has revealed that perovskite devices modified with PDMA polymers can achieve an efficiency of 23.8%, with an efficiency loss of ≤1% after encapsulation. Furthermore, the encapsulated devices retain 92%–95% of their initial efficiency after 1000 hours of operation under maximum power point tracking at 50–60°C, while conventional encapsulation processes result in efficiency losses of 2%–4%, and the encapsulated devices only retain 80%–90% of their initial efficiency after 1000 hours of operation under maximum power point tracking at 50–60°C. This process demonstrates excellent commercial prospects and will contribute to the widespread application of perovskite photovoltaic equipment. Attached Figure Description
[0028] Figure 1 Images show the cross-linked telechelic silicone polymer and the encapsulated perovskite solar cell.
[0029] Figure 2 : This is a graph showing the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells under different additive concentrations.
[0030] Figure 3This is a graph showing the change in photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells before and after encapsulation.
[0031] Figure 4 This refers to the operational stability test of perovskite solar cells before and after additive modification and before and after encapsulation. Detailed Implementation
[0032] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings:
[0033] This invention provides a perovskite solar cell that simultaneously achieves defect passivation and room-temperature encapsulation through the structural modulation of organosilicon polymers. The main steps are as follows:
[0034] Step 1, preparation of polymer materials: The room temperature self-crosslinking silicone resin is mainly prepared by the polymerization reaction of polydimethylsiloxane (HTPS, 200-300g) and 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (10-30g), wherein the polydimethylsiloxane is preferably a hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane.
[0035] The specific procedure is as follows: Hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (HTPS, 200–300 g) is dissolved in 100–200 mL of tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (10–30 g) is added to the reaction system, and the mixture is stirred at 100 °C for 0.5 h to terminate the polymerization. Then, 5–10 mL of ethanol is added to the reaction system to terminate the reaction. After removing residual tetrahydrofuran under vacuum, a colorless, viscous liquid telechelic organosilicon polymer, poly(dimethylsiloxane-co-methylsiloxane acrylate) (PDMA), is obtained.
[0036] Step 2, Additive modification process: Add 20-40 mg / mL of nickel oxide (NiO) x Aqueous solutions were spin-coated onto a clean fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass substrate at 3000 rpm and heated at 100°C for 10 min. A chlorobenzene solution of 5–10 mg / mL poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) was spin-coated onto an FTO / NiOx substrate at 6000 rpm and heated at 100°C for 20 min. A perovskite precursor solution was spin-coated onto the FTO / NiOx substrate. x On a PTAA substrate, spin-coat at 1000 rpm for 10 s, then at 5000 rpm for 30 s. 15 s before the end of spin-coating, add 150 μL of a chlorobenzene solution with a concentration of 0–0.1 mg / mL PDMA.
[0037] The prepared perovskite film was then transferred to a heating platform and annealed at 110°C for 20 min. After the substrate cooled to room temperature, PC was then applied.61 BM and C 60 A mixed solution (25–50 mg / mL, 4 / 1, w / w) was spin-coated onto perovskite, rotated at 4000 rpm for 50 s, and annealed at 60 °C for 5 min. BCP (8–10 nm), Cr (5–8 nm), and Au (100–110 nm) were then evaporated using a vacuum evaporator at 2 × 10⁻⁶ ppm. -6 Evaporation at mbar.
[0038] Step 3, Device Packaging Process: Mix 3–6 g of PDMA and 20–30 mg of dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) catalyst in a glass bottle. After stirring at room temperature for 5–10 min, use a pipette to drop 0.3–0.6 mL of the uncured polymer mixture onto a cover glass plate. Prepare a uniform silicone polymer film using a spin coater at 1000–3000 rpm for 30 s. Press the cover glass plate with the silicone polymer coating onto the perovskite solar cell and let it stand at room temperature for 15–30 min. Allow the encapsulation material to fully cure to obtain the encapsulated perovskite solar cell. Specific implementation examples:
[0040] Example 1:
[0041] 20 mg / mL NiO x The aqueous solution was spin-coated onto a clean FTO conductive glass substrate at a spin speed of 3000 rpm and heated at 100 °C for 10 min. A chlorobenzene solution of 5 mg / mL PTAA was then spin-coated onto the FTO / NiO substrate. x On the substrate, the perovskite precursor solution was spin-coated onto FTO / NiO at a rotation speed of 6000 rpm and heated at 100 °C for 20 min. x On a PTAA substrate, spin-coating was performed at 1000 rpm for 10 s, followed by 30 s at 5000 rpm. 15 s before the end of spin-coating, 150 μL of a 0.02 mg / mL PDMA chlorobenzene solution was added. The prepared perovskite film was then transferred to a heating platform and annealed at 110 °C for 20 min. After the substrate cooled to room temperature, PC... 61 BM and C 60 A mixed solution (25 mg / mL, 4 / 1, w / w) was spin-coated onto perovskite, rotated at 4000 rpm for 50 s, and annealed at 60 °C for 5 min. BCP (10 nm), Cr (5 nm), and Au (100 nm) were then evaporated using a vacuum evaporator at 2 × 10⁻⁶ ppm. -6 Evaporation at mbar.
[0042] 3g of PDMA and 20mg of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst were mixed in a glass bottle and stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes. Then, 0.3mL of the uncured polymer was dropped onto a cover glass plate using a pipette. A uniform silicone polymer film was prepared using a spin coater at 1000 rpm for 30 seconds. The cover glass plate with the silicone polymer coating was then pressed onto the perovskite solar cell and allowed to stand for 15 minutes. After the encapsulation material had completely cured, the encapsulated perovskite solar cell was obtained.
[0043] Test results: The device efficiency was 22.91% before packaging and 22.70% after packaging, with an efficiency decrease of 0.9%. The packaged device maintained 92.1% of its initial efficiency after 1000 hours of operation at maximum power point tracking at 50-60℃.
[0044] Example 2:
[0045] 25 mg / mL NiO x The aqueous solution was spin-coated onto a clean FTO conductive glass substrate at a spin speed of 3000 rpm and heated at 100 °C for 10 min. A 7 mg / mL PTAA chlorobenzene solution was then spin-coated onto the FTO / NiO substrate. x On the substrate, the perovskite precursor solution was spin-coated onto FTO / NiO at a rotation speed of 6000 rpm and heated at 100 °C for 20 min. x On a PTAA substrate, spin-coating was performed at 1000 rpm for 10 s, followed by 30 s at 5000 rpm. 15 s before the end of spin-coating, 150 μL of a 0.05 mg / mL PDMA chlorobenzene solution was added. The prepared perovskite film was then transferred to a heating platform and annealed at 110 °C for 20 min. After the substrate cooled to room temperature, PC... 61 BM and C 60 A mixed solution (30 mg / mL, 4 / 1, w / w) was spin-coated onto perovskite, rotated at 4000 rpm for 50 s, and annealed at 60 °C for 5 min. BCP (8 nm), Cr (6 nm), and Au (102 nm) were then evaporated using a vacuum evaporator at 2 × 10⁻⁶ ppm. -6 Evaporation at mbar.
[0046] 4 g of PDMA and 22 mg of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst were mixed in a glass bottle and stirred at room temperature for 7 min. Then, 0.4 mL of the uncured polymer was dropped onto a cover glass plate using a pipette. A uniform silicone polymer film was prepared using a spin coater at 2000 rpm for 30 s. The cover glass plate with the silicone polymer coating was then pressed onto the perovskite solar cell and allowed to stand for 20 min. After the encapsulation material had completely cured, the encapsulated perovskite solar cell was obtained.
[0047] Test results: The device efficiency was 23.83% before packaging and 23.66% after packaging, with an efficiency decrease of 0.7%. The packaged device maintained 94.6% of its initial efficiency after 1000 hours of operation at maximum power point tracking at 50-60℃.
[0048] Example 3:
[0049] 30 mg / mL NiO x The aqueous solution was spin-coated onto a clean FTO conductive glass substrate at a spin speed of 3000 rpm and heated at 100 °C for 10 min. An 8 mg / mL PTAA chlorobenzene solution was then spin-coated onto an FTO / NiO substrate. x On the substrate, the perovskite precursor solution was spin-coated onto FTO / NiO at a rotation speed of 6000 rpm and heated at 100 °C for 20 min. x On a PTAA substrate, spin-coating was performed at 1000 rpm for 10 s, followed by 5000 rpm for 30 s. 15 s before the end of spin-coating, 150 μL of a 0.08 mg / mL PDMA chlorobenzene solution was added. The prepared perovskite film was then transferred to a heating platform and annealed at 110 °C for 20 min. After the substrate cooled to room temperature, PC... 61 BM and C 60 A mixed solution (40 mg / mL, 4 / 1, w / w) was spin-coated onto perovskite, rotated at 4000 rpm for 50 s, and annealed at 60 °C for 5 min. BCP (9 nm), Cr (7 nm), and Au (106 nm) were then evaporated using a vacuum evaporator at 2 × 10⁻⁶ ppm. -6 Evaporation at mbar.
[0050] 5g of PDMA and 26mg of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst were mixed in a glass bottle and stirred at room temperature for 9 minutes. Then, 0.5mL of the uncured polymer was dropped onto a cover glass plate using a pipette. A uniform silicone polymer film was prepared using a spin coater at 2500 rpm for 30 seconds. The cover glass plate with the silicone polymer coating was then pressed onto the perovskite solar cell and allowed to stand for 25 minutes. After the encapsulation material had completely cured, the encapsulated perovskite solar cell was obtained.
[0051] Test results: The device efficiency was 23.50% before packaging and 23.26% after packaging, with an efficiency decrease of 1%. The packaged device maintained 93.4% of its initial efficiency after 1000 hours of operation at maximum power point tracking at 50-60℃.
[0052] Example 4:
[0053] 40 mg / mL NiO xThe aqueous solution was spin-coated onto a clean FTO conductive glass substrate at a spin speed of 3000 rpm and heated at 100 °C for 10 min. A 10 mg / mL PTAA chlorobenzene solution was then spin-coated onto the FTO / NiO substrate. x On the substrate, the perovskite precursor solution was spin-coated onto FTO / NiO at a rotation speed of 6000 rpm and heated at 100 °C for 20 min. x On a PTAA substrate, spin-coating was performed at 1000 rpm for 10 s, followed by 30 s at 5000 rpm. 15 s before the end of spin-coating, 150 μL of a 0.1 mg / mL PDMA chlorobenzene solution was added. The prepared perovskite film was then transferred to a heating platform and annealed at 110 °C for 20 min. After the substrate cooled to room temperature, PC... 61 BM and C 60 A mixed solution (50 mg / mL, 4 / 1, w / w) was spin-coated onto perovskite, rotated at 4000 rpm for 50 s, and annealed at 60 °C for 5 min. BCP (10 nm), Cr (8 nm), and Au (110 nm) were then evaporated using a vacuum evaporator at 2 × 10⁻⁶ ppm. - 6 Evaporation at mbar.
[0054] 6 g of PDMA and 30 mg of dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst were mixed in a glass bottle and stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then, 0.6 mL of the uncured polymer was dropped onto a cover glass plate using a pipette. A uniform silicone polymer film was prepared using a spin coater at 3000 rpm for 30 s. The cover glass plate with the silicone polymer coating was then pressed onto the perovskite solar cell and allowed to stand for 30 min. After the encapsulation material had completely cured, the encapsulated perovskite solar cell was obtained.
[0055] Test results: The device efficiency was 23.50% before packaging and 23.26% after packaging, with an efficiency decrease of 1%. The packaged device maintained 93.4% of its initial efficiency after 1000 hours of operation at maximum power point tracking at 50-60℃.
[0056] Example Control Group:
[0057] In a nitrogen-filled glove box, conductive tape is tightly adhered to the electrodes of the perovskite solar cell. Then, a clean, contaminant-free cover glass is directly pressed onto the surface of the perovskite solar cell and left to stand for 5 minutes. Once the contact between the cover glass and the perovskite device surface is stable, a perovskite solar cell without encapsulant protection is obtained. See the attached diagram for the result.
[0058] Figure 1The left figure shows the organosilicon polymer before and after crosslinking. The polymer before crosslinking is liquid, and the polymer after crosslinking is solid. The right figure shows the metal electrode measurement and incident light measurement of the encapsulated perovskite solar cell. Based on this organosilicon polymer, the successful encapsulation of perovskite solar cells can be achieved.
[0059] Figure 2 The voltage-current curves of perovskite solar cells modified with different PDMA concentrations show that the optimal device efficiency can be obtained when the PDMA polymer concentration is 0.05 mg / mL.
[0060] Figure 3 The voltage-current curves of the unpackaged device and the CPDMA-packaged perovskite cell show that there is no significant performance degradation of the perovskite device before and after CPDMA packaging, indicating that CPDMA can achieve efficient and non-destructive packaging of perovskite.
[0061] Figure 4 Operational stability tests were conducted on unmodified devices packaged in CPDMA and modified devices packaged in CPDMA. The unmodified devices packaged in CPDMA retained 68% of their initial efficiency after 1500 hours, while the modified devices packaged in CPDMA retained 96% of their initial efficiency after 1500 hours. This indicates that perovskite devices with internal modification and external packaging have excellent operational stability.
[0062] Although the present invention has been described in detail through the preferred embodiments above, it should be understood that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. Various modifications and substitutions to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A method for simultaneously achieving defect passivation and room-temperature encapsulation of perovskite solar cells through organosilicon polymer structure modulation, characterized in that... The steps are as follows: Step 1: Defect passivation is achieved by introducing a telechelicer-type organosilicon polymer into the perovskite light-absorbing layer via an anti-solvent method: nickel oxide (NiO) is then applied. x An aqueous solution was spin-coated onto a clean fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass substrate. Then, a chlorobenzene solution of poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) was spin-coated onto the FTO / NiOx substrate. Finally, a perovskite precursor solution was spin-coated onto the FTO / NiOx substrate. x / PTAA substrate; The perovskite precursor solution is spin-coated at a speed of 1000~2000 rpm. After spin-coating for 10~30 s, it is rotated at 5000~6000 rpm for 30~40 s. When there are 12~15 s remaining, a chlorobenzene solution of the remote gripper organosilicon polymer PDMA is added to complete the spin-coating. The spin-coated perovskite film was transferred to a heating platform and annealed at 110-120 °C for 20-30 min. After the substrate cooled to room temperature, the PC was then... 61 BM and C 60 The mixed solution was spin-coated onto the perovskite, rotated at 4000~5000 rpm for 50~60 s, and annealed at 60~80 ℃ for 5~10 min; Step 2: Place the substrate processed in Step 1 onto a mask inside a vacuum evaporation apparatus, and simultaneously place BCP, Cr, and Au in an evaporation boat. Evaporate at 2×10⁻⁶. -6 ~3×10 -6 The perovskite solar cell was fabricated by vacuum evaporation of three materials onto a substrate under mbar conditions; the thickness of the BCP was 8 to 10 nm, the thickness of the Cr was 5 to 8 nm, and the thickness of the Au was 100 to 110 nm. Step 3: Mix the remote gripper silicone polymer PDMA and the catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate DBTDL. Drop the uncured polymer mixture onto the cover glass and spin-coate a uniform silicone polymer film. Press the cover glass with the silicone polymer coating onto the perovskite solar cell and let it stand at room temperature until the encapsulation material is fully cured to obtain the encapsulated perovskite solar cell.
2. The method for simultaneously achieving defect passivation and room-temperature encapsulation of perovskite solar cells by controlling the structure of organosilicon polymers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration of the chlorobenzene solution of the telechelic organosilicon polymer PDMA is less than 0.1 mg / mL.
3. The method for simultaneously achieving defect passivation and room-temperature encapsulation of perovskite solar cells by controlling the structure of organosilicon polymers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of PDMA chlorobenzene solution added in step 1 is 150~180 μL.
4. The method for simultaneously achieving defect passivation and room-temperature encapsulation of perovskite solar cells by controlling the structure of organosilicon polymers according to claim 1, characterized in that: PC in step 1 61 BM and C 60 The mass ratio of the mixed solution is 4:
1.
5. The method for simultaneously achieving defect passivation and room-temperature encapsulation of perovskite solar cells by controlling the structure of organosilicon polymers according to claim 1, characterized in that: The PC added in step 1 61 BM and C 60 The mixed solution concentration is 25~50 mg / mL.
6. The method for simultaneously achieving defect passivation and room-temperature encapsulation of perovskite solar cells by controlling the structure of organosilicon polymers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the ratio of PDMA to the catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) is 3-6 g PDMA to 20-30 mg DBTDL.
7. The method for simultaneously achieving defect passivation and room-temperature encapsulation of perovskite solar cells by controlling the structure of organosilicon polymers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the PDMA and DBTDL are mixed and stirred at room temperature for 5-10 minutes.
8. The method for simultaneously achieving defect passivation and room-temperature encapsulation of perovskite solar cells by controlling the structure of organosilicon polymers according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the spin coater is used to prepare a uniformly thick organosilicon polymer film at a spin speed of 1000~3000 rpm for 30~40 s.
9. The method for simultaneously achieving defect passivation and room-temperature encapsulation of perovskite solar cells by controlling the structure of organosilicon polymers according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The telechelic organosilicon polymer PDMA was prepared by polymerization of polydimethylsiloxane HTPS and 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane.
10. The method for simultaneously achieving defect passivation and room-temperature encapsulation of a perovskite solar cell by controlling the structure of an organosilicon polymer according to claim 9, characterized in that: The ratio of polydimethylsiloxane HTPS to 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane is 200-300 g HTPS to 10-30 g 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane.