A sand filter for micro-irrigation systems and method of use

Abstract

The application discloses a sand filter for a micro-irrigation system and a use method thereof. The filter comprises a filter tank body, a water distributor primary filter assembly, a hierarchical fine filter assembly and a filter cap final filter assembly arranged in the filter tank body. The water distributor primary filter assembly is arranged on a water inlet pipe of the filter tank body, and a camera is arranged on the water distributor primary filter assembly. The hierarchical fine filter assembly is arranged in the filter tank body. The filter cap final filter assembly is arranged on a water outlet pipe at the bottom of the filter tank body. Control valves and high-precision pressure gauges are arranged on the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe. The water distributor primary filter assembly, the hierarchical fine filter assembly and the filter cap final filter assembly can be used to perform hierarchical fine filtration on impurities such as particulate matters and organic pollutants in the water source of the micro-irrigation system. The filter has the characteristics of uniform water distribution, simple and comprehensive backwashing, real-time monitoring and testing of the filter material blockage process in the closed tank body, the water conservancy performance and the filtering capacity of the filter, effective prevention of hydraulic classification, convenient maintenance, and high filtering efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural irrigation equipment technology, specifically to a sand and gravel filter for a micro-irrigation system and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Water scarcity has long been a major obstacle to my country's economic, social, and cultural development. Agricultural water use ranks first among all sectors in my country, but in agricultural irrigation, severe water shortages and low water use efficiency in some areas directly restrict the sustainable development of local agriculture. Drip irrigation, due to its precise and controllable characteristics, is considered one of the most effective high-efficiency water-saving irrigation technologies for agriculture. The Chinese government has consistently attached great importance to the application and promotion of drip irrigation technology, issuing a series of policies to support its development in agricultural irrigation, bringing unprecedented opportunities for water-saving irrigation development in my country. With the increasing scarcity of water resources, low-quality water sources (such as reclaimed water, high-sediment water, and slightly saline water) are increasingly being used for irrigation, and the use of drip irrigation with low-quality water sources is attracting growing attention from experts and scholars. However, poor-quality water sources are rich in particulate matter, microorganisms, nutrients, and organic pollutants. These particulate matter interacts with other components in the water through a series of microscopic dynamic behaviors, resulting in them primarily existing as microbial flocs. A biofilm (a polymer composed of solid particles, microorganisms, and their secreted viscous polymers) adheres to the surface, leading to clogging of the irrigation system. Clogging of drip irrigation systems has always been an international challenge in the field of drip irrigation research. This problem is particularly severe in drip irrigation systems using poor-quality water sources with complex water conditions, where clogging becomes even more serious, drastically increasing the operational risks and significantly reducing the lifespan of the drip irrigation system.

[0003] Filters are essential water purification devices in drip irrigation systems. Properly configured drip irrigation filtration systems can effectively reduce impurities entering the system, thereby mitigating clogging of the system's piping and field components (such as emitters and solenoid valves). Sand and gravel filters are devices that use a filter layer formed by uniformly distributed quartz sand of the same or specific particle size distribution to comprehensively filter irrigation water. They have a strong ability to trap contaminants and are often used as primary filtration devices. They are one of the most common and effective filtration devices used domestically and internationally for removing impurities from water, especially organic impurities. This type of filter should be selected whenever the organic matter content in the water exceeds 10 mg / L, regardless of the inorganic matter content. Numerous experts and scholars have conducted extensive research on the hydraulic performance, filtration capacity, filter media selection, and structural characteristics of sand and gravel filters, achieving significant research results. However, current sand and gravel filters suffer from problems such as uneven water distribution, hydraulic classification of the filter media inside the tank after prolonged operation, easy clogging of the bottom filter cap, and low backwashing efficiency. Furthermore, due to the closed structure of sand and gravel filters and their large size in large-scale drip irrigation projects, there are no reports on devices for comprehensively testing their hydraulic performance and filtration capacity, especially on testing the real-time changes in the filter media inside the tank as the system operates. Additionally, there are currently no reports on reasonable operating methods for filters under the complex water quality conditions of Yellow River drip irrigation systems.

[0004] To address the above issues, there is an urgent need to design a new type of sand and gravel filter for micro-irrigation systems to solve the problems existing in the current technology. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention aims to provide a sand and gravel filter for a micro-irrigation system and its usage method. This filter, through the arrangement of a water distributor primary filtration component, a graded fine filtration component, and a filter cap final filtration component, can effectively grade and finely filter impurities such as particulate matter and organic pollutants in the water source of the micro-irrigation system. It features more uniform water distribution, comprehensive and simple backwashing, real-time monitoring and testing of the filter's hydraulic performance and filtration capacity during the process of filter media clogging inside the closed tank, effective avoidance of hydraulic grading, convenient maintenance, and high filtration efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A sand and gravel filter for a micro-irrigation system includes a filter tank, a water distributor, a primary filter assembly, a graded fine filter assembly, and a final filter assembly disposed within the filter tank.

[0008] The water distributor's primary filtration assembly is located at the end of the water inlet pipe of the filter tank, and a camera is installed at the lower end of the water distributor's primary filtration assembly.

[0009] The graded fine filtration assembly is detachably provided with several layers, and filter media is filled between the graded fine filtration assemblies;

[0010] The final filter assembly is rotatably mounted on the water outlet pipe at the bottom of the filter tank.

[0011] Preferably, the filter tank is provided with an observation window, and control valves and high-precision pressure gauges are provided on the inlet and outlet pipes.

[0012] Preferably, the filter tank is also provided with an insertion interface for use with a graded fine filtration assembly, the graded fine filtration assembly including a mounting frame and a filter plate;

[0013] The mounting frame is a hollow disc structure, and is provided with an outer protective plate, a mounting ring and a guide platform. The outer protective plate is symmetrically arranged on the mounting frame and is used in conjunction with the protective plate slots on the filter tank. The mounting ring is symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the mounting frame and is used in conjunction with the filter plate. The guide platform is symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the mounting frame and is used in conjunction with the guide rails on the inner side of the filter tank.

[0014] The filter plate is mounted in the mounting frame via a mounting ring, and filter media is filled between two symmetrically arranged filter plates. The filter plate is also provided with a number of second filter holes, the size of which gradually decreases from the direction closer to the water inlet pipe to the direction further away from the water inlet pipe.

[0015] Preferably, the water distributor primary filtration assembly includes an inner guide tube and an outer water distribution filter tube that work together.

[0016] The inner guide tube is a hollow guide tube. The upper end of the inner guide tube is detachably connected to the water inlet pipe. Several drainage grooves are vertically arranged on the inner guide tube, and a first guide plate is symmetrically arranged on the outside of the drainage groove.

[0017] The outer water distribution filter cylinder is rotatably mounted on the outside of the inner guide cylinder via a bearing, and a plurality of first filter holes and second guide plates are provided on the outer water distribution filter cylinder. The second guide plate is located on the inner side of the outer water distribution filter cylinder and is used in conjunction with the first guide plate.

[0018] Preferably, the first guide plate is inclined along the outer diameter direction of the inner guide cylinder, and the angle α between each first guide plate and the tangent direction of the outer wall of the inner guide cylinder is the same; the second guide plate is inclined along the inner diameter direction of the outer water distribution filter cylinder, and the angle b between each second guide plate and the internal tangent direction of the outer water distribution filter cylinder is the same; the angle α between the first guide plate and the tangent direction of the outer wall of the inner guide cylinder and the angle b between the second guide plate and the internal tangent direction of the outer water distribution filter cylinder are both acute angles.

[0019] Preferably, the final filter assembly includes a five-way connector, a flow guide pipe, a filter cap, and a backwash filter cap;

[0020] The five-way connector is rotatably installed on the water outlet pipe;

[0021] The guide tube can be detachably installed on the five-way connector. Several guide columns are arranged in a "+" shape on the guide tube and communicate with the internal guide cavity of the guide tube. An internal thread is provided on the inner side of the upper guide column. The internal thread is used in conjunction with the anti-blocking sealing component.

[0022] The filter cap can be detachably installed on other guide columns except the upper guide column;

[0023] The backwash filter cap can be detachably installed on the upper guide column.

[0024] Preferably, the lower end of the five-way connector is provided with a circular groove, which is used in conjunction with a circular retaining ring provided on the water outlet pipe; and an installation plate is also provided inside the water outlet pipe, a drive motor is provided on the installation plate, a drive gear is provided on the drive end of the drive motor, the drive gear meshes with a driven gear provided inside the five-way connector, and a water inlet is also provided on the installation plate.

[0025] Preferably, the filter cap includes a first outer shell, a hemispherical filter screen, a base plate, and a filter element; the first outer shell is screwed to the guide column, and a plurality of third filter holes are provided on the hemispherical cap at the front end of the first outer shell; the hemispherical filter screen is disposed in the first outer shell through the base plate; the filter element is disposed in the cavity between the hemispherical filter screen and the base plate, and a plurality of water-permeable holes are provided on the base plate;

[0026] The backwash filter cap is detachably installed inside the upper guide column, including a second outer shell and a plurality of backwash water inlets disposed on the second outer shell, wherein the second outer shell is screwed into the guide column.

[0027] Preferably, the anti-blocking sealing component includes a connecting sleeve, a first sealing cylinder, a second flow guide, and a sealing core disposed within the connecting sleeve;

[0028] The connecting sleeve is a hollow sleeve, and an external thread is provided on the outside of the connecting sleeve to cooperate with the internal thread on the inside of the guide column;

[0029] The first sealing cylinder is located on the upper inner side of the connecting sleeve and is used in conjunction with the sealing core;

[0030] The second flow guide is disposed at the lower end of the first sealing cylinder, and a flow guide port is provided on the second flow guide;

[0031] The sealing core is movably mounted on the second guide member by a spring and is used in conjunction with the first sealing cylinder.

[0032] Preferably, the method of using the sand filter in the micro-irrigation system includes:

[0033] (1) The filtration process of sand and gravel in the micro-irrigation system;

[0034] (2) Backwashing and cleaning process of filter tank, water distributor primary filter component and graded fine filter component;

[0035] (3) Testing process for clogging of the graded fine filter assembly and intermediate filter media to be tested.

[0036] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This invention discloses a sand and gravel filter for a micro-irrigation system and its usage method. Compared with the prior art, the improvement of this invention lies in:

[0037] This invention designs a sand and gravel filter for a micro-irrigation system, including a filter tank, a water distributor primary filtration component, a staged fine filtration component, and a final filtration component disposed within the filter tank. In use:

[0038] 1. By setting up the primary filtration component of the water distributor, when water flows into the inner guide cylinder through the inlet pipe, the water flows out through the drain channel and flows into the inner cavity of the outer water distribution filter cylinder under the guidance of the two first guide plates. Acting on the second guide plate, the external water distribution filter cylinder is driven to rotate 360 ​​degrees by the driving force of the inclined water flow. The external water distribution filter cylinder performs primary filtration and water distribution, so that the water can fall evenly on the filter plate after primary filtration, completing the primary filtration and water distribution work, effectively ensuring the uniform distribution of water flow, and improving the utilization rate and filtration effect of the graded fine filtration component.

[0039] 2. By setting up the graded fine filtration component, the water flow can be effectively filtered in stages, ensuring the hierarchy and filtration effect of the filtration process; at the same time, the graded fine filtration component can be completely extracted during use to test the internal packing and clogging substances inside the graded fine filtration component and the layered filter media.

[0040] 3. By setting up the primary filter component, the graded fine filter component and the final filter component of the water distributor, it is possible to effectively grade and finely filter impurities such as particulate matter and organic pollutants in the water source of the micro-irrigation system. It has the advantages of more uniform water distribution, comprehensive and simple backwashing, real-time monitoring and testing of the filter material clogging process inside the closed tank and the hydraulic performance and filtration capacity of the filter, effectively avoiding hydraulic grading phenomenon and effectively ensuring the filtration effect.

[0041] 4. By setting up high-precision pressure gauges, control valves, and cameras, dynamic real-time monitoring and remote control of the filter's hydraulic performance and changes in filter media can be achieved;

[0042] 5. Through the structural design of the sand and gravel filter of this micro-irrigation system, it is easy to filter the sand and gravel of the micro-irrigation system, backwash the filter, and test the clogging of the graded fine filter components and filter media during use, avoiding hydraulic grading phenomenon. It has the advantages of simple structure, convenient maintenance and repair and high filtration efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a front view of the sand and gravel filter in the micro-irrigation system of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the sand and gravel filter in the micro-irrigation system of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the filter tank of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water distributor's primary filtration component of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the primary filter assembly of the water distributor of the present invention from a frontal perspective.

[0048] Figure 6 This is a top-view cross-sectional view of the water distributor's primary filtration assembly of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 7 This is an exploded view of the graded fine filtration component of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting bracket of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 9 This is an exploded view of the final filter assembly of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the five-way connector of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the guide tube of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of the filter cap of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 13 This is a partial enlarged view of filter cap A of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 14 This is a cross-sectional view of the backwash filter cap of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 15 This is a cross-sectional view of the anti-blocking flow sealing component of the present invention.

[0058] The components include: 1. Filter tank, 11. Inlet pipe, 12. Outlet pipe, 121. Circular retaining ring, 122. Drive motor, 123. Drive gear, 124. Mounting plate, 13. Guide rail, 14. Insertion interface, 15. Protective plate slot, 16. Observation window; 2. Pre-filter assembly for water distributor, 21. Inner guide cylinder, 211. Drainage channel, 212. First guide plate, 22. Outer water distribution filter cylinder, 221. First filter hole, 222. Second guide plate, 23. Bearing; 3. Staged fine filter assembly, 31. Mounting bracket, 311. Outer protective plate, 312. Mounting ring, 313. Guide platform, 314. Handle, 315. First screw hole, 32. Filter plate, 321. Second filter hole, 322. Second screw hole; 4. Final filter assembly, 41. Five-way connector, 411. Driven gear. 412. Circular slot; 42. Guide tube; 421. Guide column; 422. Internal thread; 43. Filter cap; 431. First outer shell; 432. Third filter hole; 433. Hemispherical filter screen; 434. Water permeable hole; 435. Base plate; 436. Filter element; 437. First rubber threaded strip; 438. Rubber sleeve; 439. Second rubber threaded strip; 44. Anti-clogging sealing element; 441. Connecting sleeve; 442. First sealing cylinder; 443. Second guide element; 444. Sealing core; 445. Spring; 446. Guide column; 447. Guide port; 45. Backwash filter cap; 5. High-precision pressure gauge; 6. Control valve; 7. Camera; a. Angle between the first guide plate and the tangent direction of the outer wall of the inner guide cylinder; b. Angle between the second guide plate and the internal tangent direction of the outer water distribution filter cylinder. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0060] Example 1: Refer to Appendix Figure 1-15 The diagram illustrates a sand and gravel filter for a micro-irrigation system and its usage method. The filter includes a filter tank 1, a primary filter assembly 2, a secondary fine filter assembly 3, and a final filter assembly 4, all housed within the filter tank 1.

[0061] The water distributor primary filtration component 2 is located at the end of the water inlet pipe 11 of the filter tank 1. It is used to perform primary filtration and uniform water distribution on the water entering the filter tank 1 through the water inlet pipe 11, so that the water can be evenly distributed on the graded fine filtration component 3. In order to observe the changes on the surface of the filter media in real time, a camera 7 is also set at the lower end of the water distributor primary filtration component 2 to observe the changes on the surface of the filter media on the graded fine filtration component 3 in real time.

[0062] The graded fine filtration component 3 has several layers, all of which can be detachably installed in the filter tank 1. Filter media (wrapped with a filter screen) is filled between the graded fine filtration components 3. This is used to perform graded filtration on the water flowing into the filter tank 1 through the inlet pipe 11 during use. It also facilitates the removal of the graded fine filtration component 3 for testing the internal packing and the clogging substances inside the layered filter media.

[0063] The final filter assembly 4 is located at the end of the water outlet pipe 12 at the bottom of the filter tank 1. It is used to perform final filtration of the water at the bottom of the filter tank 1. The filtered water enters the water outlet pipe 12 and is discharged. At the same time, it guides the cleaning water flow in the backwash cleaning filter tank 1.

[0064] Preferably, in order to observe the filtration and backwashing status inside the filter tank 1 during use, an observation window 16 is also provided on the filter tank 1; at the same time, in order to control the water inlet and outlet of the filter tank 1, control valves 6 are provided on both the inlet pipe 11 and the outlet pipe 12, and for connection with other pipe fittings, the connection ends of the inlet pipe 11 and the outlet pipe 12 are designed as flanges, which are connected to other pipe fittings by flanges.

[0065] Preferably, to facilitate the testing of the internal pressure difference of the filter tank 1 during use, high-precision pressure gauges 5 are also installed on the inlet pipe 11 and the outlet pipe 12. During use, the pressure difference inside the filter tank 1 is calculated by using the difference in readings of the two high-precision pressure gauges 5, and the clogging status of the primary filter component 2, the staged fine filter component 3 and the final filter component 4 of the water distributor is determined by the calculation result of the pressure difference.

[0066] Preferably, in order to be used in conjunction with the graded fine filter assembly 3, a horizontal insertion interface 14 is also provided on the filter tank 1. In use, the graded fine filter assembly 3 is installed in the filter tank 1 through the insertion interface 14 to filter the water. At the same time, it is convenient to pull out the graded fine filter assembly 3 as a whole from the insertion interface 14 to test the clogging status of the packing material and the layered filter media inside the graded fine filter assembly 3.

[0067] Preferably, for filtration, the staged fine filtration assembly 3 is designed to include a mounting frame 31 and a filter plate 32; wherein

[0068] The mounting frame 31 is a hollow disc-shaped structure, and an outer protective plate 311, a mounting ring 312, and a guide platform 313 are provided on the mounting frame 31. The outer protective plate 311 is semi-circular and symmetrically arranged on the mounting frame 31, and is used in conjunction with the protective plate slot 15 located on the outside of the filter tank 1. Sealing strips are provided on the inner side of the outer protective plate 311 and the side plate of the protective plate slot 15, that is, after installation, the interaction between the outer protective plate 311 and the protective plate slot 15 is used to seal and waterproof. The mounting ring 312 is symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the mounting frame 31 and is used in conjunction with the filter plate 32. The guide platform 313 is symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the mounting frame 31 and is used in conjunction with the guide rail 13 located on the inner side of the filter tank 1. That is, the mounting frame 31 is horizontally installed in the filter tank 1 through the cooperation of the guide rail 13 and the guide platform 313.

[0069] The filter plate 32 is installed in the mounting frame 31 via the mounting ring 312, and filter media is filled between the two symmetrically arranged filter plates 32 to filter water.

[0070] Preferably, in order to guide the water entering the filter tank 1 from the water inlet pipe 11 so that it can effectively fall onto the filter plate 32, the guide rail 13 and the guide platform 313 are both designed to be inclined to play a guiding role and to avoid water from being stuck in the guide rail 13 and the guide platform 313.

[0071] Preferably, in order to detachably and securely install the filter plate 32 on the mounting bracket 31, a ring of second screw holes 322 is provided on the side of the filter plate 32. The second screw holes 322 are used in conjunction with the first screw holes 315 and the positioning bolts 33 provided on the mounting bracket 31. That is, in use, the filter plate 32 is detachably installed on the mounting bracket 31 using the positioning bolts 33.

[0072] Preferably, in order to perform graded filtration of impurities in the water during use, a second filter hole 321 is also provided on the filter plate 32. In order to ensure filtration efficiency, the size of the second filter hole 321 is designed to gradually decrease from the direction close to the water inlet pipe 11 to the direction away from the water inlet pipe 11, so that the particle size of the filtered impurities can gradually decrease from the direction close to the water inlet pipe 11 to the direction away from the water inlet pipe 11, so as to facilitate the cleaning of impurities during the subsequent backwashing process.

[0073] Preferably, the high-precision pressure gauge 5, control valve 6, and camera 7 are all connected to a controller, which is connected to a computer, enabling dynamic monitoring and remote control of the filter's hydraulic performance and changes in the filter media.

[0074] Example 2: Unlike Example 1, in order to simultaneously achieve primary filtration and uniform water distribution at the outlet of the inlet pipe 11 during use, the water distributor primary filtration assembly 2 is designed to include an inner guide cylinder 21 and an outer water distribution filter cylinder 22 that cooperate with each other.

[0075] The inner guide tube 21 is a hollow guide tube. The upper end of the inner guide tube 21 is detachably connected to the end of the water inlet pipe 11. Several drainage channels 211 are vertically arranged on the inner guide tube 21. First guide plates 212 are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the drainage channels 211. In use, the two first guide plates 212 are used to guide the water flowing out of the drainage channels 211.

[0076] The outer water distribution filter cylinder 22 is rotatably mounted on the outside of the inner guide cylinder 21 via a bearing 23. Several first filter holes 221 and second guide plates 222 are provided on the outer water distribution filter cylinder 22. The second guide plate 222 is located inside the outer water distribution filter cylinder 22 and works in conjunction with the first guide plate 212. That is, when the water flow guided by the two first guide plates 212 acts on the second guide plate 222, the thrust of the water flow drives the outer water distribution filter cylinder 22 to rotate. The outer water distribution filter cylinder 22 performs initial filtration and water distribution on the water flow, so that the water flow can fall evenly on the filter plate 32 after the initial filtration. The water flow pressure can be adjusted by adjusting the control valve 6 to adjust the water flow size, thereby controlling the rotation speed of the outer water distribution filter cylinder 22.

[0077] Preferably, to ensure the guidance of water flow and the utilization of the energy contained in the water flow, the first guide plate 212 is designed to be inclined along the outer diameter direction of the inner guide cylinder 21, and the angle α between each first guide plate 212 and the tangent direction of the outer wall of the inner guide cylinder 21 is the same; the second guide plate 222 is designed to be inclined along the inner diameter direction of the outer water distribution filter cylinder 22, and the angle b between each second guide plate 222 and the inner tangent direction of the outer water distribution filter cylinder 22 is the same, and the angle α between the first guide plate and the tangent direction of the outer wall of the inner guide cylinder and the angle b between the second guide plate and the inner tangent direction of the outer water distribution filter cylinder are both acute angles.

[0078] Preferably, the camera 7 is mounted on the outer side of the lower end of the inner guide tube 21 via a camera mounting bracket.

[0079] Example 3: Unlike the above examples, in order to filter the water flow and backwash the filter tank 1, the primary filter assembly 2, and the staged fine filter assembly 3 during use, the final filter assembly 4 is designed to include a five-way connector 41, a guide pipe 42, a filter cap 43, and a backwashing filter cap 45; wherein...

[0080] The five-way connector 41 is rotatably mounted on the water outlet pipe 12;

[0081] The guide tube 42 is a tubular structure that can be detachably installed on the five-way connector 41. Several guide columns 421 are arranged in a "+" shape on the guide tube 42 and communicate with the internal guide cavity of the guide tube 42. The inner side of the upper guide column 421 is provided with an internal thread 422 to cooperate with the anti-blocking sealing component 44. The anti-blocking sealing component 44 is detachably installed in the upper guide column 421 of the guide tube 42.

[0082] The filter cap 43 can be detachably installed on other guide columns 421 except for the upper guide column 421, and is used to perform final filtration on the water flow after being filtered by the graded fine filtration component 3.

[0083] The backwash filter cap 45 is detachably installed on the upper guide column 421 and is used to backwash the filter tank 1, the water distributor primary filter assembly 2 and the graded fine filter assembly 3 during use.

[0084] Preferably, to ensure that the water flowing out of the backwash filter cap 45 can evenly act on the lower side of the filter plate 32 during use, a circular groove 412 is provided at the lower end of the five-way connector 41, which cooperates with a circular retaining ring 121 provided on the water outlet pipe 12. Through the locking action between the circular retaining ring 121 and the circular groove 412, the five-way connector 41 is rotatably installed at the end of the water outlet pipe 12. Furthermore, to enable the five-way connector 41 to rotate during use, an installation plate 124 is also provided inside the water outlet pipe 12, on which a... The drive motor 122 has a drive gear 123 at its drive end. The drive gear 123 meshes with the driven gear 411 located inside the five-way connector 41. In use, the drive motor 122 rotates to drive the five-way connector 41 to rotate 360 ​​degrees in the horizontal direction, so that the water flowing out of the backwash filter cap 45 can be evenly applied to the lower side of the filter plate 32 to backwash the filter tank 1, the water distributor primary filter assembly 2, and the graded fine filter assembly 3. A water inlet is also provided on the mounting plate 124.

[0085] Preferably, to facilitate the disassembly and replacement of the internal filter element during use for water filtration, the filter cap 43 is designed to include a first outer shell 431, a hemispherical filter screen 433, a base plate 435, and a filter element 436; wherein

[0086] The lower end of the first outer shell 431 is provided with an internal thread and is screwed to the guide column 421, and a plurality of third filter holes 432 are provided on the hemispherical cap at the front end of the first outer shell 431.

[0087] The hemispherical filter screen 433 is installed inside the first outer casing 431 via the base plate 435;

[0088] The filter element 436 is installed in the cavity between the hemispherical filter screen 433 and the base plate 435 to filter the water flow. Several water-permeable holes 434 are provided on the base plate 435 so that the filtered water flow can enter the guide column 421.

[0089] Preferably, a rubber sleeve 438 is also provided inside the first outer casing 431. A second rubber threaded rod 439 is threadedly installed on the inner side of the rubber sleeve 438. The second rubber threaded rod 439 is used in conjunction with a first rubber threaded rod 437 threaded on the outer side of the base plate 435. That is, in use, the base plate 435 can be detachably installed inside the first outer casing 431 by rotating the handle at the bottom of the base plate 435. At the same time, the filter element 436 can be replaced by manually removing the base plate 435.

[0090] Preferably, in order to backwash the filter tank 1, the water distributor primary filter assembly 2, and the graded fine filter assembly 3 during the backwashing process, the backwash filter cap 45 is designed to be detachably installed inside the upper guide column 421, including a second outer shell 451 and a backwash water inlet 452. The second outer shell 451 is screwed into the guide column 421, and the backwash water inlet 452 is evenly arranged on the second outer shell 451 to allow water to flow through during use, so that the water column acts on the filter tank 1 and the filter plate 32.

[0091] Preferably, to prevent the upper guide column 421 from becoming clogged during filtration and affecting the backwashing process, the anti-clogging sealing element 44 is designed to include a connecting sleeve 441, a first sealing cylinder 442, a second guide element 443, and a sealing core 444 disposed within the connecting sleeve 441; wherein

[0092] The connecting sleeve 441 is a hollow sleeve, and an external thread is provided on the outside of the connecting sleeve 441 to cooperate with the internal thread on the inside of the upper guide column 421, so that the connecting sleeve 441 is installed inside the guide column 421.

[0093] The first sealing cylinder 442 is disposed on the upper inner side of the connecting sleeve 441 and is used in conjunction with the sealing core 444 to perform unidirectional sealing of the inside of the connecting sleeve 441;

[0094] The second flow guide 443 is disposed at the lower end of the first sealing cylinder 442, and a flow guide port 447 is provided on the second flow guide 443;

[0095] The sealing core 444 is movably mounted on the second guide member 443 by a spring 445 and is used in conjunction with the first sealing cylinder 442. That is, when water flows in through the upper end of the connecting sleeve 441, it squeezes the sealing core 444, causing the spring 445 to contract and the water to flow out through the guide port 447. When the water flow stops, the sealing core 444 is reset under the action of the spring 445 to prevent water from entering the internal pipe of the guide pipe 42.

[0096] Preferably, in order to enable the sealing core 444 to cooperate with the first sealing cylinder 442 for unidirectional sealing inside the connecting sleeve 441, the upper part of the sealing core 444 is designed as a conical structure with a larger bottom and a smaller top, and its conical surface cooperates with the lower inclined surface inside the first sealing cylinder 442. That is, during use, the unidirectional sealing inside the connecting sleeve 441 is achieved through the cooperation between the conical surface of the sealing core 444 and the lower inclined surface inside the first sealing cylinder 442.

[0097] Preferably, in order to guide the movement of the sealing core 444, a guide post 446 is also provided on the second flow guide 443. The guide post 446 is used in conjunction with the telescopic groove provided in the sealing core 444, that is, the guide post 446 is used to guide the movement of the sealing core 444 during use. At the same time, in order to assist the sealing core 444 in resetting, the guide post 446 is designed to be a hollow post and is connected to the lower end of the second flow guide 443.

[0098] The usage process of the sand and gravel filter in the micro-irrigation system described in Embodiments 1-3 of this invention includes:

[0099] 1. The filtration process of sand and gravel in micro-irrigation systems

[0100] (1) When using, first select filter plates 32 with different combinations of second filter hole diameters 321 according to the turbidity of the water and the filtration needs, install the filter plates 32 on the mounting frame 31, fill the filter media, install the graded fine filtration assembly 3 along the guide rail 13 in the filter tank 1, and fill the filter media between two adjacent graded fine filtration assemblies 3 (the filter media is wrapped with a filter screen).

[0101] (2) Then open the control valves 6 on the inlet pipe 11 and the outlet pipe 12 so that the water passes through the primary filter assembly 2, the graded fine filter assembly 3 and the final filter assembly 4 of the water distributor in sequence (note that during filtration, the water flows through the filter cap 43 on the lower guide column 421 on the front and rear sides of the guide pipe 42 and enters the guide pipe 42) for graded and layered filtration, and flows out through the outlet pipe 12 for use after filtration. It can effectively grade and finely filter impurities such as particulate matter and organic pollutants in the water source of the micro-irrigation system.

[0102] At the same time, a high-precision pressure gauge 5 is used to detect the water pressure on the inlet pipe 11 and the outlet pipe 12. The pressure difference inside the filter tank 1 is calculated by using the difference in readings of the two high-precision pressure gauges 5. The filter media surface changes are observed in real time by using a camera 7 to determine the clogging status of the filter media.

[0103] 2. Backwashing and cleaning process for the filter tank, water distributor pre-filter assembly, and staged fine filter assembly.

[0104] (1) After a period of use, based on the pressure difference and the feedback from the camera 7, it is found that the graded fine filter component 3 inside the filter tank 1 is clogged, or it is necessary to backwash and clean the filter tank 1, the water distributor primary filter component 2 and the graded fine filter component 3.

[0105] (2) At this time, the water source for cleaning is connected to the outlet pipe 12. The outlet pipe 12 becomes the inlet pipe and the inlet pipe 11 becomes the outlet pipe. Then, the control valve 6 and the control switch of the drive motor 122 on the inlet pipe 11 and the outlet pipe 12 are opened. The water flows out through the final filter assembly 4, the graded fine filter assembly 3, the water distributor primary filter assembly 2 and the inlet pipe 11 in sequence. At the same time, since the particle size of the filtered impurities can gradually decrease from the direction close to the inlet pipe 11 to the direction away from the inlet pipe 11, the backwash can maximize the cleaning of the filtered impurities from the inlet pipe 11 and effectively avoid the hydraulic classification phenomenon.

[0106] (3) Finally, the water pressure readings on the inlet pipe 11 and outlet pipe 12 are detected by the high-precision pressure gauge 5, and the changes on the surface of the filter material are observed in real time by the camera 7 to determine the clogging of the filter material after backwashing, and to control the opening and closing of the control valve 6 and the control switch of the drive motor 122.

[0107] 3. Testing process for clogging of the staged fine filter module and intermediate filter media.

[0108] (1) When testing the clogging of the graded fine filter assembly 3 and the intermediate filter media, first, based on the water pressure reading of the high-precision pressure gauge 5 and the changes in the surface of the filter media observed by the camera 7, the graded fine filter assembly 3 that does not need to be tested is taken out.

[0109] (2) Then open the control valve 6 and / or the control switch of the drive motor 122 to perform the corresponding filtration or backwashing process, test the clogging of the graded fine filter component 3 to be tested, and finally use the water pressure reading of the high-precision pressure gauge 5 and the camera 7 to observe the changes on the surface of the filter media to determine the clogging of the graded fine filter component 3 or the filter media to be tested.

[0110] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A sand filter for a micro-irrigation system, characterized in that: Includes a filter tank, and a water distributor consisting of a primary filter assembly, a staged fine filter assembly, and a final filter assembly installed inside the filter tank; The water distributor's primary filtration assembly is located at the end of the water inlet pipe of the filter tank, and a camera is installed at the lower end of the water distributor's primary filtration assembly. The graded fine filtration assembly is detachably provided with several layers, and filter media is filled between the graded fine filtration assemblies; The final filter assembly is rotatably mounted on the water outlet pipe at the bottom of the filter tank. The graded fine filtration assembly includes a mounting bracket and a filter plate; The filter plates are mounted in the mounting frame via mounting rings, and filter media is filled between two symmetrically arranged filter plates. The filter plates are also provided with a number of second filter holes, the size of which gradually decreases from the direction closer to the water inlet pipe to the direction further away from the water inlet pipe. The final filter assembly includes a five-way connector, a flow guide pipe, a filter cap, and a backwash filter cap; The five-way connector is rotatably installed on the water outlet pipe; The flow guide tube can be detachably installed on the five-way connector. Several flow guide columns are arranged in a "+" shape on the flow guide tube and communicate with the internal flow guide cavity of the flow guide tube. An internal thread is provided on the inner side of the upper flow guide column. The internal thread is used in conjunction with the anti-blocking flow sealing component. The filter cap can be detachably installed on other guide columns except the upper guide column; The backwash filter cap can be detachably installed on the upper guide column; The anti-blocking sealing component includes a connecting sleeve, a first sealing cylinder, a second flow guide, and a sealing core disposed within the connecting sleeve; The connecting sleeve is a hollow sleeve, and an external thread is provided on the outside of the connecting sleeve to cooperate with the internal thread on the inside of the guide column; The first sealing cylinder is located on the upper inner side of the connecting sleeve and is used in conjunction with the sealing core; The second flow guide is disposed at the lower end of the first sealing cylinder, and a flow guide port is provided on the second flow guide; The sealing core is movably mounted on the second guide member by a spring and is used in conjunction with the first sealing cylinder.

2. A sand and gravel filter for a micro-irrigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter tank is equipped with an observation window, and control valves and high-precision pressure gauges are installed on the inlet and outlet pipes.

3. A sand filter for a micro-irrigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter tank is also provided with an interface for use with the staged fine filtration assembly; The mounting frame is a hollow disc structure, and is provided with an outer protective plate, a mounting ring, and a guide platform. The outer protective plate is symmetrically arranged on the mounting frame and is used in conjunction with the protective plate slots on the filter tank. The mounting ring is symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the mounting frame and is used in conjunction with the filter plate. The guide platform is symmetrically arranged on the upper and lower sides of the mounting frame and is used in conjunction with the guide rails arranged on the inner side of the filter tank.

4. A sand filter for a micro-irrigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water distributor primary filtration assembly includes an inner guide tube and an outer water distribution filter tube that work together. The inner guide tube is a hollow guide tube. The upper end of the inner guide tube is detachably connected to the water inlet pipe. Several drainage grooves are vertically arranged on the inner guide tube. A first guide plate is symmetrically arranged on the outside of the drainage groove. The outer water distribution filter cylinder is rotatably mounted on the outside of the inner guide cylinder via a bearing, and a plurality of first filter holes and second guide plates are provided on the outer water distribution filter cylinder. The second guide plate is located on the inner side of the outer water distribution filter cylinder and is used in conjunction with the first guide plate.

5. A sand and gravel filter for a micro-irrigation system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first guide plate is inclined along the outer diameter direction of the inner guide cylinder, and the angle α between each first guide plate and the tangent direction of the outer wall of the inner guide cylinder is the same; the second guide plate is inclined along the inner diameter direction of the outer water distribution filter cylinder, and the angle b between each second guide plate and the inner tangent direction of the outer water distribution filter cylinder is the same; the angle α between the first guide plate and the tangent direction of the outer wall of the inner guide cylinder and the angle b between the second guide plate and the inner tangent direction of the outer water distribution filter cylinder are both acute angles.

6. A sand filter for a micro-irrigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the five-way connector is provided with a circular groove, which is used in conjunction with a circular retaining ring provided on the water outlet pipe; and an installation plate is also provided inside the water outlet pipe, on which a drive motor is provided, and the drive end of the drive motor is provided with a drive gear, which meshes with a driven gear provided inside the five-way connector, and a water inlet is also provided on the installation plate.

7. A sand filter for a micro-irrigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filter cap includes a first outer shell, a hemispherical filter screen, a base plate, and a filter element; the first outer shell is screwed to a guide column, and a plurality of third filter holes are provided on the hemispherical cap at the front end of the first outer shell; the hemispherical filter screen is disposed in the first outer shell through the base plate; the filter element is disposed in the cavity between the hemispherical filter screen and the base plate, and a plurality of water-permeable holes are provided on the base plate; The backwash filter cap is detachably installed inside the upper guide column, including a second outer shell and a plurality of backwash water inlets disposed on the second outer shell, wherein the second outer shell is screwed into the guide column.

8. A sand filter for a micro-irrigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of using the sand and gravel filter in the micro-irrigation system includes: (1) The filtration process of sand and gravel in the micro-irrigation system; (2) Backwashing and cleaning process of filter tank, water distributor primary filter component and graded fine filter component; (3) Testing process for clogging of the graded fine filter assembly and intermediate filter media to be tested.

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