An organic substrate with reduced peat content and a method for its production

Abstract

The organic medium for reducing the amount of grass charcoal and the preparation method thereof, the raw material components of the organic medium include earthworm soil 42-44 parts, rotten leaves 12-14 parts, grass charcoal 3-5 parts, modified bentonite 8-13 parts, modified white carbon black 2-4 parts, and fermented manure 20-22 parts by weight; the organic medium prepared by the method reduces the amount of grass charcoal, and has a bulk density of 0.20-0.22 g / cm 3 , a total porosity of 92.37-86.82%, an air porosity of 22.87-25.21%, a water absorption of 886-879 g / g, a 12h water retention rate of 96.8-98.9%, a 24h water retention rate of 84.7-87.5, a 48h water retention rate of 61.9-65.4%, a seedling index of 0.0443-0.0489, and a root activity of 87.8-90.6 mg·g ‑1 ·h ‑1 after 15 days of sowing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic substrates, and in particular to an organic substrate that reduces the amount of peat moss used and a method for preparing the same. Background Technology

[0002] Peat moss is a product of swamp development, formed from the remains of swamp plants that cannot be completely decomposed and accumulate under watery conditions.

[0003] Peat moss contains a large amount of organic matter and humic acid. It is tasteless, odorless, and non-toxic. It has a fibrous structure, soft texture, strong water absorption, and good water retention capacity, and has great market potential. Peat moss is a major raw material for organic and inorganic fertilizers, and is also an indispensable raw material for the production of high-quality nutrient soil, seedbed soil, and hydroponics.

[0004] However, peat is a non-renewable resource with limited reserves, and its mining has already caused great damage to the swamp ecosystem.

[0005] Existing technologies also include methods to reduce the amount of peat moss used, as follows:

[0006] For example, Chinese patent CN101697704A discloses a soilless organic substrate for chili seedling cultivation and its preparation method. Specifically, it involves mixing separately fermented corn cob fragments, corn stalk fragments, and rice husks in a volume ratio of (3-4):(3-5):(2-4), and then adding 10-15 kg / m³ of the mixture to the total volume after mixing. 3 The extruded chicken manure contains corn stalks, corn cobs, and rice husks instead of peat moss; the resulting organic matrix has high porosity and good air permeability, but poor water retention capacity and short water retention life.

[0007] For example, Chinese patent CN113024307A discloses an organic substrate for planting, its preparation method and uses. The raw materials, by weight, include 18-22 parts cow manure, 18-22 parts waste edible mushroom sticks, 10-20 parts straw, 8-12 parts garden waste, 10-30 parts peat moss, 8-12 parts rice husks, 2-10 parts other auxiliary agents, 3-10 parts soil water retention agent and 3-6 parts micro-fertilizer slow-release granules. It reduces the amount of peat moss used, has poor water retention capacity, and results in a low seedling vigor index when used for crop cultivation.

[0008] It is evident that existing technologies, when reducing the amount of peat used, typically improve air permeability by increasing porosity, but this reduces water retention; conversely, improving water retention reduces air permeability. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides an organic matrix that reduces the amount of peat moss used and its preparation method, while simultaneously enhancing air permeability and water retention.

[0010] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] 1. Preparation of modified silica

[0012] (1) Preliminary modification

[0013] Add barium titanate solution to silica, heat to 45-55℃, stir for 1-2 hours at a stirring speed of 500-700 rpm, then add nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and polyethylene glycol, perform ultrasonic treatment, and finally filter, wash and dry to obtain preliminary modified silica.

[0014] The mass concentration of the barium titanate solution is 40-50%;

[0015] The molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is 3600-3800;

[0016] The mass ratio of the silica to the barium titanate solution is 2.5-4:14-20;

[0017] The mass ratio of the silica, nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, and polyethylene glycol is 2.5-4:0.15-0.3:0.4-0.6.

[0018] The ultrasonic treatment is performed at a frequency of 70-90kHz for a duration of 30-40 minutes.

[0019] (2) Deep modification

[0020] The pre-modified silica was placed in a plasma generator for treatment at a voltage of 28-32 kV for 18-22 min to obtain modified silica.

[0021] 2. Preparation of modified bentonite

[0022] Spray water onto bentonite to control the moisture content to 45-55%, then microwave treat it for 9-12 minutes at a microwave frequency of 6-8 GHz to control the moisture content to 8-12%, and finally cool it to room temperature at a rate of 0.7-1.2℃ / min to obtain pretreated bentonite.

[0023] Tartaric acid was added to the pretreated bentonite, and the mixture was stirred at 1500-1800 rpm for 9-12 minutes. Then, polysorbate was added, the temperature was raised to 140-160℃, the pressure was adjusted to 0.25-0.4 MPa, and the mixture was pulverized to a particle size of 1.8-2.5 μm to obtain modified bentonite.

[0024] The mass ratio of the pretreated bentonite, tartaric acid and polysorbate is 100:1.4-1.6:0.9-1.1.

[0025] 3. Preparation of fermented feces

[0026] Add EM (Effective Microorganisms) to cow or chicken manure and ferment for 8-12 days, with an oxygen content of 4-6%, a fermentation temperature of 44-47℃, and a fermentation humidity of 53-58% to obtain primary fermented manure. Then add wheat straw with a length of 1.6-2.2cm, add EM again, spray water to a moisture content of 56-62%, and then pile it into a trapezoidal cross-section shape for fermentation for 14-16 days, with an oxygen content of 6-8%, a fermentation temperature of 47-52℃, and a fermentation humidity of 56-63% to obtain fermented manure.

[0027] The mass ratio of cow manure, chicken manure, and EM inoculant used in the preparation of primary fermented manure is 48-52:47-53:0.01-0.03.

[0028] In the preparation of secondary fermented manure, the mass ratio of wheat straw to EM inoculant is 17-23:0.02-0.03.

[0029] The mass ratio of cow dung to wheat straw is 48-52:17-23.

[0030] 4. Preparation of organic matrix

[0031] The raw materials of the organic matrix, by weight, include: 42-44 parts earthworm soil, 12-14 parts leaf mold, 3-5 parts peat moss, 8-13 parts modified bentonite, 2-4 parts modified precipitated silica, and 20-22 parts fermented manure.

[0032] The peat moss contains 70-74% organic matter, 1.8-2.1% nitrogen, 0.7-0.9% potassium, and 0.1-0.3% phosphorus.

[0033] Mix the decaying leaves, fermented manure, and peat moss, stirring thoroughly at 1600-2000 rpm for 28-32 minutes. Add 1 / 3 of the modified bentonite and precipitated silica, adding over 8-12 minutes, stirring thoroughly for 35-45 minutes at 1600-2200 rpm. Then add the vermicompost and the remaining precipitated silica, adding over 28-32 minutes, stirring thoroughly for 55-65 minutes at 1500-1800 rpm to obtain the mixture.

[0034] The mixture was treated in liquid carbon dioxide for 7-12 minutes, then removed and dried to obtain the organic matrix.

[0035] This invention employs a specific method to prepare modified bentonite with a greater number of pores, thereby increasing air permeability and enabling rapid water absorption. The modified carbon black prepared using the same method primarily serves an activating function, significantly increasing the specific surface area of ​​the silica. This results in higher compatibility and more uniform dispersion of the modified silica with other components, allowing each component to be fully adsorbed within the pores of the modified bentonite. Consequently, while maintaining good air permeability and rapid water absorption, the moisture is temporarily retained in the pores, improving the water retention capacity of the matrix.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention achieves the following beneficial effects:

[0037] 1. The organic matrix prepared by this invention effectively reduces the amount of peat moss used;

[0038] 2. The organic matrix obtained by this invention has a bulk density of 0.20-0.22 g / cm³. 3 The total porosity is 92.37-86.82%, and the venting porosity is 22.87-25.21%.

[0039] 3. The organic matrix prepared by this invention has a water absorption capacity of 886-879 g / g;

[0040] 4. The organic matrix prepared by this invention has a water retention rate of 96.8-98.9% after 12 hours, 84.7-87.5% after 24 hours, and 61.9-65.4% after 48 hours.

[0041] 5. The organic substrate prepared by this invention, after 15 days of sowing, resulted in a seedling vigor index of 0.0443-0.0489 and root activity of 87.8-90.6 mg·g⁻¹. -1 ·h -1 . Detailed Implementation

[0042] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described.

[0043] Example 1: An organic matrix for reducing peat usage and its preparation method

[0044] 1. Preparation of modified silica

[0045] (1) Preliminary modification

[0046] Add 16 parts of barium titanate solution to 3 parts of silica, heat to 50°C, stir for 1.5 hours at a stirring speed of 600 rpm, then add 0.2 parts of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and 0.5 parts of polyethylene glycol, and perform ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 80 kHz for 30 minutes. After filtration, washing and drying, the preliminarily modified silica is obtained.

[0047] The barium titanate solution has a mass concentration of 40%.

[0048] The molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is 3700;

[0049] (2) Deep modification

[0050] The pre-modified silica was processed in a plasma generator at a voltage of 30 kV for 20 min to obtain the modified silica.

[0051] 2. Preparation of modified bentonite

[0052] Water was sprayed onto the bentonite to control the moisture content to 30%, then microwaved for 10 minutes at a microwave frequency of 7 GHz to control the moisture content to 5%, and finally cooled to room temperature at a rate of 1 °C / min to obtain pretreated bentonite.

[0053] Add 1.5 parts of tartaric acid to 100 parts of pretreated bentonite, stir at 1600 rpm for 10 min, then add 1 part of polysorbate, heat to 160℃, adjust the pressure to 0.3 MPa, and pulverize to a particle size of 2 μm to obtain modified bentonite.

[0054] 3. Preparation of fermented feces

[0055] Add 0.02 parts of EM (Effective Microorganisms) to 50 parts of cow manure and 50 parts of chicken manure and ferment for 10 days at an oxygen content of 5%, a fermentation temperature of 45℃, and a fermentation humidity of 55%. Then add 20 parts of wheat straw (2cm in length) and another 0.02 parts of EM, spray water until the moisture content is 60%, and then pile it into a trapezoidal shape for fermentation for 15 days at an oxygen content of 7%, a fermentation temperature of 50℃, and a fermentation humidity of 60% to obtain fermented manure.

[0056] 4. Preparation of organic matrix

[0057] The raw materials of the organic matrix, by weight, include: 45 parts earthworm soil, 14 parts leaf mold, 4 parts peat moss, 10 parts modified bentonite, 3 parts modified precipitated silica, and 22 parts fermented manure.

[0058] The peat moss contains 73% organic matter, 1.8% nitrogen, 0.9% potassium, and 0.1% phosphorus.

[0059] Mix the decaying leaves, fermented manure, and peat moss, stirring at 1800 rpm for 30 minutes. Add 1 / 3 of the modified bentonite and modified silica, stirring over 10 minutes, and continue stirring for 40 minutes at 2000 rpm. Then add the vermicompost and the remaining silica, stirring over 30 minutes, and continue stirring for 60 minutes at 1700 rpm to obtain the mixture.

[0060] The mixture was treated in liquid carbon dioxide for 10 minutes, then removed and dried to obtain an organic matrix.

[0061] Example 2: An organic matrix for reducing peat usage and its preparation method

[0062] 1. Preparation of modified silica

[0063] (1) Preliminary modification

[0064] Add 20 parts of barium titanate solution to 4 parts of silica, heat to 55°C, stir for 1 h at a stirring speed of 700 rpm, then add 0.3 parts of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and 0.6 parts of polyethylene glycol, and perform ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 90 kHz for 35 min. After filtration, washing and drying, a preliminary modified silica is obtained.

[0065] The barium titanate solution has a mass concentration of 50%.

[0066] The molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is 3800;

[0067] (2) Deep modification

[0068] The pre-modified silica was processed in a plasma generator at a voltage of 32 kV for 18 min to obtain the modified silica.

[0069] 2. Preparation of modified bentonite

[0070] Water was sprayed onto the bentonite to control the moisture content at 55%, then microwaved for 12 minutes at a microwave frequency of 6 GHz to control the moisture content at 12%, and finally cooled to room temperature at a rate of 1.2 °C / min to obtain pretreated bentonite.

[0071] Add 1.6 parts of tartaric acid to 100 parts of pretreated bentonite, stir at 1800 rpm for 9 min, then add 1.1 parts of polysorbate, heat to 150℃, adjust the pressure to 0.4 MPa, and pulverize to a particle size of 2.5 μm to obtain modified bentonite.

[0072] 3. Preparation of fermented feces

[0073] Add 0.03 parts of EM (Effective Microorganisms) to 52 parts of cow manure and 53 parts of chicken manure and ferment for 12 days at an oxygen content of 6%, a fermentation temperature of 47℃, and a fermentation humidity of 58%. Then add 23 parts of wheat straw with a length of 2.2cm, add another 0.03 parts of EM, spray water until the moisture content is 62%, and then pile it into a trapezoidal shape for fermentation for 16 days at an oxygen content of 8%, a fermentation temperature of 52℃, and a fermentation humidity of 63% to obtain fermented manure.

[0074] 4. Preparation of organic matrix

[0075] The raw materials of the organic matrix, by weight, include: 42 parts earthworm soil, 13 parts leaf mold, 3 parts peat moss, 13 parts modified bentonite, 4 parts modified precipitated silica, and 21 parts fermented manure.

[0076] The peat moss contains 74% organic matter, 2.0% nitrogen, 0.8% potassium, and 0.2% phosphorus.

[0077] Mix decomposed leaves, fermented manure, and peat moss, stirring at 2000 rpm for 28 minutes. Add 1 / 3 of the modified bentonite and precipitated silica, stirring over 12 minutes, for 45 minutes at 1600 rpm. Add earthworm soil and the remaining precipitated silica, stirring over 32 minutes, for 65 minutes at 1500 rpm to obtain the mixture.

[0078] The mixture was treated in liquid carbon dioxide for 12 minutes and then removed and dried to obtain an organic matrix.

[0079] Example 3: An organic matrix for reducing peat usage and its preparation method

[0080] 1. Preparation of modified silica

[0081] (1) Preliminary modification

[0082] Add 14 parts of barium titanate solution to 2.5 parts of silica, heat to 45°C, stir for 2 hours at a stirring speed of 500 rpm, then add 0.15 parts of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and 0.4 parts of polyethylene glycol, and perform ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 70 kHz for 40 minutes. After filtration, washing and drying, the preliminarily modified silica is obtained.

[0083] The barium titanate solution has a mass concentration of 40%.

[0084] The molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is 3600;

[0085] (2) Deep modification

[0086] The pre-modified silica was processed in a plasma generator at a voltage of 28 kV for 22 min to obtain the modified silica.

[0087] 2. Preparation of modified bentonite

[0088] Water was sprayed onto the bentonite to control the moisture content to 45%, then microwaved for 9 minutes at a microwave frequency of 8 GHz to control the moisture content to 8%, and finally cooled to room temperature at a rate of 0.7 °C / min to obtain pretreated bentonite.

[0089] Add 1.4 parts of tartaric acid to 100 parts of pretreated bentonite, stir at 1500 rpm for 12 min, then add 0.9 parts of polysorbate, heat to 140℃, adjust the pressure to 0.25 MPa, and pulverize to a particle size of 1.8 μm to obtain modified bentonite.

[0090] 3. Preparation of fermented feces

[0091] Add 0.01 parts of EM (Effective Microorganisms) to 48 parts of cow manure and 47 parts of chicken manure and ferment for 8 days at an oxygen content of 4%, a fermentation temperature of 44℃, and a fermentation humidity of 53%. Then add 17 parts of wheat straw with a length of 1.6cm and 0.02 parts of EM, spray water until the moisture content is 56%, and then pile it into a trapezoidal shape for fermentation for 14 days at an oxygen content of 6%, a fermentation temperature of 47℃, and a fermentation humidity of 56% to obtain fermented manure.

[0092] 4. Preparation of organic matrix

[0093] The raw materials of the organic matrix, by weight, include: 44 parts earthworm soil, 14 parts leaf mold, 5 parts peat moss, 8 parts modified bentonite, 2 parts modified precipitated silica, and 20 parts fermented manure.

[0094] The peat moss contains 70% organic matter, 2.1% nitrogen, 0.7% potassium, and 0.3% phosphorus.

[0095] Mix the decaying leaves, fermented manure, and peat moss, stirring at 1600 rpm for 32 minutes. Add 1 / 3 of the modified bentonite and precipitated silica, stirring over 8 minutes, for 35 minutes at 2200 rpm. Then add the vermicompost and the remaining precipitated silica, stirring over 28 minutes, for 55 minutes at 1800 rpm to obtain the mixture.

[0096] The mixture was treated in liquid carbon dioxide for 7 minutes, then removed and dried to obtain an organic matrix.

[0097] Comparative Example 1

[0098] Based on Example 1, the changes are as follows: the modification step of silica is omitted and unmodified silica is used; all other operations are the same.

[0099] Comparative Example 2

[0100] Based on Example 1, the changes are as follows: the modification step of bentonite is omitted, and unmodified bentonite is used; all other operations are the same.

[0101] Comparative Example 3

[0102] Based on Comparative Example 1, the only change is that in the step of preparing the organic matrix, the raw material components are mixed, the stirring speed is controlled at 1000 rpm, and the stirring time is 130 min to obtain the organic matrix; all other operations are the same.

[0103] Performance testing

[0104] 1. Physicochemical properties

[0105]

[0106] 2. Water absorption and water retention properties

[0107]

[0108] 3. Seedling effect

[0109] A comparative experiment on tomato seedling cultivation was conducted using the organic substrates prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3. Each cell in a 50-cell seedling tray was placed with the prepared organic substrate, and one "Jinpeng No. 1" tomato seed was sown in each cell. The soil was kept moist by watering appropriately daily. Root vigor and seedling strength index of the tomato seedlings were measured 15 days after sowing. The results are as follows:

[0110]

[0111] Unless otherwise stated, all percentages used in this invention are mass percentages.

[0112] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an organic matrix that reduces peat usage, characterized in that, Includes the following: A. Preparation of modified silica a. Preliminary modification Add 16 parts of barium titanate solution to 3 parts of silica, heat to 50°C, stir for 1.5 hours at a stirring speed of 600 rpm, then add 0.2 parts of nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether and 0.5 parts of polyethylene glycol, and perform ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 80 kHz for 30 minutes. After filtration, washing and drying, the preliminarily modified silica is obtained. The barium titanate solution has a mass concentration of 40%. The molecular weight of the polyethylene glycol is 3700; b. Deep modification The pre-modified silica was placed in a plasma generator for treatment at a voltage of 30 kV for 20 min to obtain the modified silica. B. Preparation of modified bentonite Water was sprayed onto bentonite to control the moisture content at 30%, and then microwaved for 10 minutes at a microwave frequency of 7 GHz to control the moisture content at 5%. Finally, the bentonite was cooled to room temperature at a rate of 1 °C / min to obtain pretreated bentonite. 1.5 parts of tartaric acid were added to 100 parts of pretreated bentonite, and the mixture was stirred at 1600 rpm for 10 minutes. Then, 1 part of polysorbate was added, the temperature was raised to 160 °C, the pressure was adjusted to 0.3 MPa, and the mixture was pulverized to a particle size of 2 μm to obtain modified bentonite. C. Preparation of fermented feces Add 0.02 parts of EM (Effective Microorganisms) to 50 parts of cow manure and 50 parts of chicken manure and ferment for 10 days at an oxygen content of 5%, a fermentation temperature of 45℃, and a fermentation humidity of 55%. Then add 20 parts of wheat straw with a length of 2cm, add another 0.02 parts of EM, spray water until the moisture content is 60%, and then pile it into a trapezoidal shape for fermentation for 15 days at an oxygen content of 7%, a fermentation temperature of 50℃, and a fermentation humidity of 60% to obtain fermented manure. D. Preparation of organic matrix The raw materials of the organic matrix, by weight, include: 45 parts earthworm soil, 14 parts leaf mold, 4 parts peat moss, 10 parts modified bentonite, 3 parts modified precipitated silica, and 22 parts fermented manure. The peat moss contains 73% organic matter, 1.8% nitrogen, 0.9% potassium, and 0.1% phosphorus. Mix decomposed leaves, fermented manure, and peat moss, stirring at 1800 rpm for 30 minutes. Add 1 / 3 of the modified bentonite and modified silica, stirring over 10 minutes, for 40 minutes at 2000 rpm. Add earthworm soil and the remaining silica, stirring over 30 minutes, for 60 minutes at 1700 rpm to obtain a mixture. Treat the mixture in liquid carbon dioxide for 10 minutes, then remove and dry to obtain an organic matrix.

2. An organic matrix with reduced peat usage prepared by the preparation method according to claim 1.

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