A cultivation method for promoting flowering of hybrid bougainvillea seedlings

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical fields of flower breeding and plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for promoting the flowering of hybrid bougainvillea seedlings. The cultivation method includes a first fertilizer and drug treatment, a second fertilizer and drug treatment, a third fertilizer and drug treatment, and a flower forcing treatment. The common cycle for bougainvillea seedlings from sowing to flowering is 3 - 6 years. For bougainvillea seedlings grafted onto mature plants at a high position, the process is cumbersome, and there are easily problems such as poor affinity between the scion and the rootstock, and weak growth of the scion. The present invention divides the cultivation of bougainvillea seedlings into multiple stages, and corresponding fertilizers and growth regulators are used in each stage, which can accelerate the growth rate of bougainvillea seedlings, reduce the cultivation time of bougainvillea seedlings, and the entire cultivation cycle from sowing to the first flowering only takes 18 - 24 months.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical fields of flower breeding and plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for promoting the flowering of hybrid bougainvillea seedlings. Background Art

[0002] Bougainvillea is a general term for ornamental plants of the genus Bougainvillea in the family Nyctaginaceae. Its origin is in South America. It has strong ornamental value in flower color and leaf color, a long flowering period, and low requirements for the cultivation environment. It is deeply loved by the public and has been widely used from small household potted plants to urban and rural landscape greening and beautification. It is the main flowering plant in the south of China.

[0003] At present, there are nearly more than 500 cultivars of Bougainvillea in the world, but among the more than 400 existing varieties in China, most of them are introduced from abroad, and a few are cultivated domestically from the separation of variant branches. Along with the application range of Bougainvillea gradually expanding, the market demand for new varieties of Bougainvillea increases simultaneously. In order to meet market demand, the reproductive characteristics of the self-sterility existing in Bougainvillea cultivars, adopting artificial hybridization technology to cultivate Bougainvillea varieties with my country's own intellectual property rights is the most feasible technical means at present. In the past 10 years, artificial hybridization methods have been adopted in Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan and other places in my country to cultivate some new varieties of Bougainvillea. However, the existing novelty and specificity judgment technology for Bougainvillea cultivars can only be determined according to their phenotypic traits, and the seeds obtained after artificial hybridization are extremely long after sowing and germination. As woody plants, Bougainvillea seedlings need to grow for 4-8 years to enter the reproductive growth period from the vegetative growth period, that is, to reach the flowering stage, in order to determine whether the flower color and leaf color of the cultivated Bougainvillea have novelty and to determine its specificity. The existing methods for cultivating hybrid bougainvillea varieties all adopt the method of planting the hybrid seedlings in the ground, and then strengthening management to promote the rapid growth of the plants and prune them at appropriate times to make them reach the flowering stage. However, the workload is large and the cycle is long, which has always been a problem that has troubled breeders. Similarly, in the prior art, there are several methods for accelerating the growth of seedlings of woody plants and shortening the cultivation cycle: (1) For example, several patents such as “A method for shortening the breeding cycle of mango” (CN201811235376.5), “A method for efficient hybrid breeding of apples” (CN202010375921.1) and “A method for shortening the juvenile period of citrus hybrid offspring” (CN201710789133.5) adopt the method of cutting the scion germinated from the seedlings and grafting them at a high position on the trunk of an adult fruit-bearing tree, and then perform the post-management steps such as tree shape control and ring-barking to promote flowering, and use the flowering hormones accumulated and formed in the adult branches to induce the scion branches that are still in the juvenile period to bloom to achieve the purpose of cultivating new varieties; (2) For example, “A method for promoting early flowering of pear hybrid seedlings” (C N201010256217.0) and other studies adopted measures such as pulling branches, twisting tips, ring cutting, and spraying PP333 (paclobutrazol) to treat hybrid seedlings with a certain growth rate when the new shoots stopped growing, so as to achieve flowering; (3) In existing research literature, such as "Study on promoting early flowering of apple seedlings with growth regulators" (Chen Dongmei et al., Hebei Agricultural Sciences, 2008, 12, 8, 16-17), "Study on promoting early flowering of peach seedlings with growth regulators" (Zu Wenfang et al., Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2005, 20, 6, 107-109) and "A method for shortening the juvenile period of longan" (CN104082129A), plant growth regulators such as phenylurea cytokinins or potassium chlorate were selected for treatment during the flower bud differentiation period or on seedlings that had grown for 3-4 years.

[0004] However, the above methods all have certain defects when used to promote the flowering of Bougainvillea seedlings, because: Considering the existing techniques for promoting the flowering of woody plant seedlings, mainly adopting various measures after planting in the ground to promote the flowering of seedlings. However, in practice: Bougainvillea grows vigorously after being planted in the ground and is prone to excessive growth of branches. Even Bougainvillea plants cultivated by cutting with branches that have entered the reproductive flowering stage are difficult to flower. For ground-planted Bougainvillea seedlings treated with plant growth regulators or girdling, the time required to reach flowering is also 3 - 6 years. At the same time, there are many factors that need to be controlled in actual production, so it is restricted too much and cannot be directly applied to cultivation production; Similarly, after grafting the seedlings of Bougainvillea grafted onto mature plants at a high position, there are prone to problems such as poor affinity between the scion and the rootstock and weak growth of the scion. It is necessary to select suitable varieties as the rootstock, and after grafting, it is necessary to remove the sprouted branches on the rootstock many times, and its operation is cumbersome and the workload is large.

[0005] After consulting and searching, there is currently no research on achieving the purpose of new variety cultivation by changing the traditional ground-planting method. Therefore, in order to overcome the technical defect that it takes 3 - 6 years for Bougainvillea seedlings to flower from sowing in the prior art, it is urgent to develop a cultivation method for promoting the flowering of hybrid Bougainvillea seedlings to accelerate the work of new variety cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the above technical problems existing in the prior art. For this purpose, a cultivation method for promoting the flowering of hybrid Bougainvillea seedlings is proposed, which can accelerate the work of new variety cultivation. The entire cultivation cycle from sowing to the first flowering only takes 18 - 24 months, which is 24 - 36 months shorter than the traditional planting method.

[0007] The inventive concept of the present invention is: By dividing the cultivation method of seedlings into three stages and using corresponding fertilizers and plant growth regulators in different stages, the growth rate of Bougainvillea seedlings can be accelerated, the cultivation time of Bougainvillea seedlings can be reduced, and the entire cultivation cycle from sowing to the first flowering only takes 18 - 24 months.

[0008] The first aspect of the present invention provides a cultivation method for promoting the flowering of hybrid Bougainvillea seedlings, and the cultivation method includes the following steps:

[0009] First fertilizer and drug treatment: Periodically apply Fertilizer I, Plant Growth Promoter I, and Plant Growth Inhibitor I from the 1st month to 5.5 - 6.5 months after planting the Bougainvillea seedlings to obtain Seedling I; the Fertilizer I includes elemental fertilizer and fish protein fertilizer; the Plant Growth Promoter I includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, chitosan oligosaccharide, fish protein acetate, 6-benzylaminopurine, and brassinolide; the Plant Growth Inhibitor I includes calcium cyclamate and uniconazole;

[0010] Second fertilizer and drug treatment: From the 5.5 - 6.5th month to the 11 - 13th month after planting the bougainvillea seedlings, fertilizer II, plant growth promoter II, and plant growth inhibitor II are cyclically applied to obtain seedlings II; the fertilizer II includes elemental fertilizer and fish protein fertilizer; the plant growth promoter II includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, chitosan oligosaccharide, fish protein acetate, 6 - benzylaminopurine, and brassinolide; the plant growth inhibitor II includes calcium cyclamate and uniconazole;

[0011] Third fertilizer and drug treatment: From the 11 - 13th month to the 16 - 20th month after planting the bougainvillea seedlings, fertilizer III and plant growth promoter III are cyclically applied to obtain seedlings III; the fertilizer III includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer; the plant growth promoter III includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6 - benzylaminopurine, and brassinolide;

[0012] Flower - forcing treatment: 30 - 60 days before the flowering period, a differentiation agent is cyclically applied for flower - forcing treatment; the differentiation agent includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate and uniconazole.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of a cultivation method for promoting the flowering of bougainvillea hybrid seedlings provided in the first aspect of the present invention are as follows: The common cycle from sowing to flowering of bougainvillea seedlings is 3 - 6 years. When bougainvillea seedlings are grafted onto mature plants using the high - position grafting method, the process is cumbersome, and there are easily problems such as poor affinity between the scion and the rootstock and weak growth of the scion. The present invention divides the cultivation of bougainvillea seedlings into multiple stages, and corresponding fertilizers and growth regulators are used in each stage, which can accelerate the growth rate of bougainvillea seedlings, reduce the cultivation time of bougainvillea seedlings, and the entire cultivation cycle from sowing to the first flowering only takes 18 - 24 months.

[0014] Preferably, the cultivation method further includes the steps of germination treatment, seedling treatment, potting cultivation, first - stage pot cultivation, and second - stage pot cultivation.

[0015] Preferably, the cultivation method includes the following steps:

[0016] (1) Bougainvillea seeds are subjected to induced germination treatment, sown, and germinated to obtain seedlings I;

[0017] (2) Seedling treatment: The apical buds of the seedlings I are pinched to obtain seedlings II;

[0018] (3) Potting cultivation: The seedlings II are transplanted into flower pot I to obtain bougainvillea seedlings;

[0019] (4) First fertilizer and drug treatment: From the 1st month to the 5.5 - 6.5th month after the planting of the bougainvillea seedlings, fertilizer I, plant growth promoter I, and plant growth inhibitor I are applied cyclically to the bougainvillea seedlings to obtain Seedling I;

[0020] The fertilizer I includes elemental fertilizer and fish protein fertilizer; the elemental fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer;

[0021] The plant growth promoter I includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, chitosan oligosaccharide, fish protein acetate, 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), and brassinolide;

[0022] The plant growth inhibitor I includes calcium cyclamate and uniconazole;

[0023] (5) First potting cultivation: Transplant the Seedling I into Flowerpot II by potting;

[0024] (6) Second fertilizer and drug treatment: From the 5.5 - 6.5th month to the 11 - 13th month after the planting of the bougainvillea seedlings, fertilizer II, plant growth promoter II, and plant growth inhibitor II are applied cyclically to obtain Seedling II;

[0025] The fertilizer II includes elemental fertilizer and fish protein fertilizer; the elemental fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer;

[0026] The plant growth promoter II includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, chitosan oligosaccharide, fish protein acetate, 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), and brassinolide;

[0027] The plant growth inhibitor II includes calcium cyclamate and uniconazole;

[0028] (7) Second potting cultivation: Transplant the Seedling II into Flowerpot III by potting;

[0029] (8) Third fertilizer and drug treatment: From the 11 - 13th month to the 16 - 20th month after the planting of the bougainvillea seedlings, fertilizer III and plant growth promoter III are applied cyclically to obtain Seedling III;

[0030] The fertilizer III includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer;

[0031] The plant growth promoter III includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6-benzylaminopurine, and brassinolide;

[0032] (9) Flower forcing treatment: Before the flowering period, differentiation agents are applied cyclically for flower forcing treatment;

[0033] The differentiation agent includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate and uniconazole.

[0034] Preferably, the germination treatment is that bougainvillea seeds are soaked in 0.01-0.03 wt% gibberellin (GA3) for 12-24 h.

[0035] Preferably, the container used in the sowing process is a seedling-raising pot.

[0036] Preferably, the number of new leaves of the seedling I is 4-6.

[0037] Preferably, the apical bud pinching treatment is to pinch off the apical bud center. Pinching off the apical bud center is used to promote the germination of lateral buds.

[0038] Preferably, the flower pot I further includes a cultivation substrate I, and the cultivation substrate I includes red loam, coarse coconut coir and humus soil with a volume ratio of 5:(2-4):(1-3).

[0039] Preferably, the specifications of the flower pot I are width × height = (5-15) cm × (10-15) cm.

[0040] Preferably, the specific steps of potting cultivation are as follows: transplant the seedling I into the flower pot 1 2-4 days after the apical bud pinching treatment, compact the cultivation substrate I after planting and pour the root-fixing water, enter normal cultivation management for 10-20 days to obtain the bougainvillea seedling; in the cultivation management, water when the cultivation substrate I on the pot surface turns white, in the cultivation management, randomly cut off half of the new leaves every time 7-9 new leaves grow on the germinated lateral branches, and move the flower pot 1 periodically. Pruning the new leaves can promote the germination of more lateral branches, and regularly moving the flower pot can prevent the roots from growing into the ground.

[0041] Preferably, the cultivation time of the first fertilizer and drug treatment is from May 5.5 to June 6.5.

[0042] Preferably, the application method of the fertilizer I is pouring and irrigating in the pot, the application period of each time is 14-16 days, and the application amount of each time is 20-30 mL / plant.

[0043] Preferably, in the fertilizer I, the elemental fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, 18-22 wt% phosphorus fertilizer, 18-22 wt% potassium fertilizer, and the total nitrogen content of the elemental fertilizer is 18-22 wt%; further preferably, the phosphorus fertilizer includes phosphorus pentoxide, and the potassium fertilizer includes potassium oxide.

[0044] Preferably, in the fertilizer I, the elemental fertilizer further includes 0.1-0.5 wt% boron element, 0.1-0.5 wt% zinc boron element, 0.001-0.005 wt% iron boron element, and 0.001-0.003 wt% molybdenum boron element.

[0045] Preferably, the fish protein fertilizer includes acetic acid fish protein.

[0046] Preferably, in the fertilizer I, the concentration of the elemental fertilizer is 0.5 - 1.5 g / L, and the concentration of the fish protein fertilizer is 0.5 - 1.5 g / L.

[0047] Preferably, the application method of the plant growth promoter I is foliar spraying. The period of each application is 9 - 11 days, and the application amount of each application is 10 - 20 mL / plant of the elemental fertilizer and 10 - 20 mL / plant of the fish protein fertilizer.

[0048] Preferably, the plant growth promoter I includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate 800 - 1200 mg / L, chitosan oligosaccharide 180 - 220 mg / L, fish protein acetate solution 480 - 520 mg / L, 6-benzylaminopurine 2.5 - 3.5 mg / L, and brassinolide 4.5 - 5.5 mg / L; More preferably, the plant growth promoter I includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate 900 - 1100 mg / L, chitosan oligosaccharide 190 - 210 mg / L, fish protein acetate solution 490 - 510 mg / L, 6-benzylaminopurine 2.5 - 3.5 mg / L, and brassinolide 4.5 - 5.5 mg / L.

[0049] Preferably, the application method of the plant growth inhibitor I is foliar spraying. The period of each application is 9 - 11 days, and the application amount of each application is 20 - 30 mL / plant.

[0050] Preferably, the plant growth inhibitor I includes calcium cyclaconate 500 - 800 mg / L and uniconazole 300 - 500 mg / L.

[0051] Preferably, the flowerpot II further includes a cultivation substrate II, and the cultivation substrate II includes red loam, coarse coconut coir, and coarse river sand with a volume ratio of 5:(2 - 4):(1 - 3).

[0052] Preferably, the width and height of the flowerpot II are respectively greater than those of the flowerpot I, and the specifications of the flowerpot II are width × height of (15 - 25) cm × (20 - 30) cm.

[0053] Preferably, the specific steps of cultivating with the first set of flowerpots are as follows: plant the seedling I together with the flowerpot I in the flowerpot II. After interplanting, compact the cultivation substrate II and pour the root-fixing water, and enter the normal cultivation management for 6 - 8 days; in the cultivation management, water when the cultivation substrate II on the pot surface turns white. In the cultivation management, randomly cut off half of the new leaves every time 7 - 9 new leaves grow on the germinated lateral branches, and move the flowerpot II periodically.

[0054] Adopt multiple nested-pot planting and cultivation, with centralized management. Promote plant growth through high-frequency and low-concentration fertilizer-water and medicaments, and alternately use compound medicaments and multiple nested-pots to control the growth of its root system, achieving a good growth state of strong upper part and stable lower part, so as to achieve the cultivation purpose of rapid flowering. When the bougainvillea hybrid seedlings first bloom, the stem diameter is not large but there are many branches, and the plants are robust and the plant type is compact.

[0055] Preferably, the cultivation time of the second fertilizer-drug treatment is from May 5.5 to June 6.5.

[0056] Preferably, the application method of the fertilizer II is pouring and spraying in the pot. The application cycle each time is 9 - 11 days, and the application amount each time is 20 - 30 mL / plant of elemental fertilizer and 20 - 30 mL / plant of fish protein fertilizer.

[0057] Preferably, in the fertilizer II, the elemental fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, 18 - 22 wt% of phosphate fertilizer, 18 - 22 wt% of potassium fertilizer, and the total nitrogen content of the elemental fertilizer is 18 - 22 wt%; Further preferably, the phosphate fertilizer includes phosphorus pentoxide, and the potassium fertilizer includes potassium oxide.

[0058] Preferably, in the fertilizer II, the elemental fertilizer further includes 0.1 - 0.5 wt% of boron element, 0.1 - 0.5 wt% of zinc boron element, 0.001 - 0.005 wt% of iron boron element, and 0.001 - 0.003 wt% of molybdenum boron element.

[0059] Preferably, the fish protein fertilizer includes acetic acid fish protein.

[0060] Preferably, in the fertilizer II, the concentration of the elemental fertilizer is 0.5 - 3.5 g / L, and the concentration of the fish protein fertilizer is 0.5 - 3.5 g / L; Further preferably, in the fertilizer II, the concentration of the elemental fertilizer is 0.5 - 2.0 g / L, and the concentration of the fish protein fertilizer is 0.5 - 2.0 g / L.

[0061] Preferably, the application method of the plant growth promoter II is foliar spraying. The application cycle each time is 6 - 8 days, and the application amount each time is 30 - 50 mL / plant.

[0062] Preferably, the plant growth promoter II comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate at 800 - 1200 mg / L, chitosan oligosaccharide at 230 - 270 mg / L, fish protein acetate solution at 480 - 520 mg / L, 6-benzylaminopurine at 2.5 - 3.5 mg / L, and brassinolide at 4.5 - 5.5 mg / L; More preferably, the plant growth promoter II comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate at 900 - 110 mg / L, chitosan oligosaccharide at 240 - 260 mg / L, fish protein acetate solution at 490 - 510 mg / L, 6-benzylaminopurine at 2.5 - 3.5 mg / L, and brassinolide at 4.5 - 5.5 mg / L.

[0063] Preferably, the application method of the plant growth inhibitor II is foliar spraying, the application cycle each time is 9 - 11 days, and the application amount each time is 20 - 30 mL / plant.

[0064] Preferably, the plant growth inhibitor II comprises calcium cyclamate at 500 - 800 mg / L and uniconazole at 300 - 500 mg / L.

[0065] Preferably, the flowerpot III further comprises a cultivation substrate III, and the cultivation substrate II comprises red loam, coarse coconut coir, and coarse river sand with a volume ratio of 5:(2 - 4):(1 - 3).

[0066] Preferably, the width and height of the flowerpot III are respectively greater than those of the flowerpot II, and the specifications of the flowerpot II are width × height = (25 - 35) cm × (35 - 45) cm.

[0067] Preferably, the specific steps of cultivating with the second nested pot are as follows: plant the seedling II together with the flowerpot II in the flowerpot III in a nested manner. After nested planting, compact the cultivation substrate III and pour root-fixing water, and enter normal cultivation management for 6 - 8 days; in the cultivation management, water when the cultivation substrate III on the pot surface turns white. In the cultivation management, randomly cut off half of the new leaves every 7 - 9 new leaves grown by the germinated lateral branches, and move the flowerpot III periodically. The purpose of moving the flowerpot is to prevent the roots from growing into the ground.

[0068] Preferably, the cultivation time for the third fertilizer and drug treatment is from May to July.

[0069] Preferably, the application method of the fertilizer III is pouring and leaching in the pot, the application cycle each time is 9 - 11 days, and the application amount each time is 60 - 100 mL / plant of elemental fertilizer.

[0070] Preferably, in the fertilizer III, the elemental fertilizer comprises nitrogen fertilizer, 35 - 45 wt% phosphorus fertilizer, 10 - 15 wt% potassium fertilizer, and the total nitrogen content of the elemental fertilizer is 10 - 15 wt%; More preferably, the phosphorus fertilizer comprises phosphorus pentoxide, and the potassium fertilizer comprises potassium oxide.

[0071] Preferably, in the fertilizer III, the elemental fertilizer further comprises 0.1-0.5 wt% boron element, 0.1-0.5 wt% zinc-boron element, 0.001-0.005 wt% iron-boron element, and 0.001-0.003 wt% molybdenum-boron element.

[0072] Preferably, in the fertilizer III, the concentration of the elemental fertilizer is 1.5-3.5 g / L.

[0073] Preferably, the application method of the plant growth promoter III is foliar spraying, the application cycle each time is 6-8 days, and the application amount each time is 50-80 mL / plant.

[0074] Preferably, the plant growth promoter III comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate 800-1200 mg / L, 6-benzylaminopurine 3.5-6.5 mg / L, and brassinolide 4.5-5.5 mg / L; more preferably, the plant growth promoter II comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate 900-1100 mg / L, 6-benzylaminopurine 4.5-5.5 mg / L, and brassinolide 4.5-5.5 mg / L.

[0075] Preferably, the flower induction treatment starts 45-55 days before the flowering period of Bougainvillea spectabilis.

[0076] Preferably, the application method of the differentiation agent is foliar spraying, the application cycle each time is 6-8 days, and the application amount each time is 50-80 mL / plant.

[0077] Preferably, the differentiation agent comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1400-1600 mg / L and uniconazole 800-1000 mg / L.

[0078] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0079] The common cycle from sowing to flowering of Bougainvillea spectabilis seedling is 3-6 years. When the Bougainvillea spectabilis seedling is grafted onto a mature plant at a high position, the process is cumbersome, and there are easily problems such as poor affinity between the scion and the rootstock and weak growth of the scion. The present invention divides the cultivation of Bougainvillea spectabilis seedling into multiple stages, and uses corresponding fertilizers and growth regulators in each stage, which can accelerate the growth rate of Bougainvillea spectabilis seedling, reduce the cultivation time of Bougainvillea spectabilis seedling, and the entire cultivation cycle from sowing to the first flowering only takes 18-24 months. Description of the Drawings

[0080] Figure 1 It is a picture of the Bougainvillea spectabilis cultivated in Example 1 of the present invention blooming for the first time in November 2020 since it was cultivated in 2019;

[0081] Figure 2Picture of another bougainvillea cultivated in Example 1 of the present invention in 2019, which bloomed for the first time in December 2020;

[0082] Figure 3 Picture of the bougainvillea cultivated in Example 2 of the present invention in 2020, which bloomed for the first time in November 2021;

[0083] Figure 4 Picture of another bougainvillea cultivated in Example 2 of the present invention in 2020, which bloomed for the first time in November 2021;

[0084] Figure 5 Picture of the bougainvillea cultivated in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention in 2018, which has not bloomed after being planted in the traditional ground-planting method for 5 years;

[0085] Figure 6 Picture of another bougainvillea cultivated in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention in 2018, which has not bloomed after being planted in the traditional ground-planting method for 5 years;

[0086] Figure 7 Picture of the bougainvillea cultivated in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention in 2020, which has not bloomed after being cultivated by high-position grafting for 2 years;

[0087] Figure 8 Picture of another bougainvillea cultivated in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention in 2020, which has not bloomed after being cultivated by high-position grafting for 2 years. Detailed implementation manners

[0088] In order to make those skilled in the art more clearly understand the technical solutions described in the present invention, the following examples are listed for illustration. It should be noted that the following examples do not limit the scope of protection required by the present invention.

[0089] The raw materials, reagents or devices used in the following examples can be obtained from conventional commercial channels or can be obtained by existing known methods without special instructions.

[0090] Pouring the root-fixing water: refers to the first water poured after transplantation, which can make the root system and the soil in close contact, and is beneficial for the root system to absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

[0091] The ratio of the cultivation substrate in the present invention:

[0092] (1) Cultivation substrate I: A mixed substrate of red loam, coarse coconut coir and humus soil with a volume ratio of 5:3:2 is used as substrate 1;

[0093] (2) Cultivation substrate II: A mixed substrate of red loam, coarse coconut coir and coarse river sand with a volume ratio of 5:3:2 is used as substrate 2;

[0094] (3) Cultivation substrate Ⅲ: A mixed substrate of red loam, coarse coir and coarse river sand with a volume ratio of 5:3:2 is used as substrate 2.

[0095] Selection of flowerpots in the present invention:

[0096] (1) A flowerpot with a caliber specification of 10 cm × 12 cm (width × height) is used as flowerpot Ⅰ;

[0097] (2) A flowerpot with a caliber specification of 20 cm × 25 cm (width × height) is used as flowerpot Ⅱ;

[0098] (3) A flowerpot with a caliber specification of 30 cm × 38 cm (width × height) is used as flowerpot Ⅲ.

[0099] The 20-20-20+TE "Yingjing" macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer and the 13-40-13+TE "Yingjing" high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer are purchased from Italian Groft Fertilizer Co., Ltd.

[0100] In the present invention, a 1000-fold dilution means that 1 g of drug or fertilizer is dissolved in 1 L of water; a 500-fold dilution means that 2 g of drug or fertilizer is dissolved in 1 L of water, and it can be prepared repeatedly according to needs.

[0101] Example 1

[0102] Implementation time: March 12, 2019.

[0103] Sowing seeds: Select bougainvillea hybrid seeds harvested in January of the current year, which are seeds obtained by cross-pollination of varieties such as "Pedro" × "Mrs. Eva", "Pedro" × "Light Eggplant", "Wine Red" × "Picture Book", "Carmine" × "Picture Book", "Mrs. Eva" × "Light Eggplant", etc., a total of 83 seeds.

[0104] A method for promoting the rapid flowering cultivation of hybrid bougainvillea seedlings includes the following steps:

[0105] (1) Inducing germination and sowing of hybrid seeds: After removing the attached perianth tube from the bougainvillea seeds, soak them in 0.01 wt% gibberellin (GA3) for 24 h for inducing germination treatment; Sow the induced seeds in a seedling tray, and germination starts 10 days after sowing to obtain seedlings Ⅰ.

[0106] (2) Seedling treatment: When the seedlings Ⅰ grow 5 new leaves, pinch off the apical bud to promote the germination of lateral buds to obtain seedlings Ⅱ.

[0107] (3) Potting and Cultivating Stage: Three days after pinching off the apical bud, transplant the seedling II into Flower Pot I. Select Cultivation Substrate I. After planting, compact the substrate and pour the root-fixing water. Enter normal cultivation management for 15 days. In the cultivation management, water again when the substrate on the pot surface turns white. During the management, cut off half of the newly grown lateral branches every 8 leaves to promote more lateral branch germination. At the same time, regularly move Flower Pot I to prevent the roots from growing into the ground.

[0108] (4) First Fertilizer and Drug Treatment: After 15 days of entering normal cultivation management in the potting and cultivating stage, enter the first 6-month fertilizer and drug treatment. Pour 20 - 20 - 20 + TE "Yingjing" macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer diluted 1000 times (20 mL / plant) and acetic acid fish protein solution diluted 1000 times (20 mL / plant) into the pot every 15 days; Spray the plant growth-promoting compound agent (30 mL / plant) on the leaf surface every 10 days. The plant growth-promoting compound agent consists of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1000 mg / L, chitosan oligosaccharide 200 mg / L, acetic acid fish protein solution 500 mg / L, 6-BA 3 mg / L, and brassinolide 5 mg / L; Spray the plant growth-inhibiting compound agent (20 mL / plant) on the leaf surface every 10 days. The plant growth-inhibiting compound agent consists of prohexadione-calcium 500 mg / L and uniconazole 500 mg / L.

[0109] (5) First Potting and Cultivating: After 6 months of the first fertilizer and drug treatment, obtain Seedling I. Pot Seedling I together with the flower pot into Flower Pot II. Select Cultivation Substrate II. After potting, compact the substrate and pour the root-fixing water. Enter normal cultivation management for 7 days. In the cultivation management, water again when the substrate on the pot surface turns white. During the management, cut off half of the newly grown lateral branches every 8 leaves to promote more lateral branch germination. At the same time, regularly move the flower pot to prevent the roots from growing into the ground.

[0110] (6) Second Fertilizer and Drug Treatment: After 7 days, enter the second 6-month fertilizer and drug treatment to obtain Seedling II. During the second fertilizer and drug treatment, pour 20 - 20 - 20 + TE "Yingjing" macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer diluted 500 times (30 mL / plant) and acetic acid fish protein solution diluted 500 times (20 mL / plant) into the pot every 10 days; Spray the plant growth-promoting compound agent (50 mL / plant) on the leaf surface every 7 days. The plant growth-promoting compound agent consists of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1000 mg / L, chitosan oligosaccharide 250 mg / L, acetic acid fish protein solution 500 mg / L, 6-BA 5 mg / L, and brassinolide 5 mg / L; Spray the plant growth-inhibiting compound agent (20 mL / plant) on the leaf surface every 10 days. The plant growth-inhibiting compound agent consists of prohexadione-calcium 500 mg / L and uniconazole 500 mg / L.

[0111] (7) Second set of pot cultivation: After 6 months, transplant the seedlings together with flower pot Ⅱ into flower pot Ⅲ, and the selected cultivation substrate is substrate Ⅲ. After interplanting, compact the substrate and pour root-fixing water. Enter normal cultivation management for 7 days. In the cultivation management, water again when the substrate on the pot surface turns white. During the management, cut off half of the newly sprouted lateral branches every time 8 leaves grow to promote the germination of more lateral branches. At the same time, regularly move the flower pots to prevent the roots from growing into the ground.

[0112] (8) Third fertilizer and drug treatment: After 7 days, enter the third fertilizer and drug treatment in the 7th month. During this period, pour 100 mL / plant of 13-40-13+TE "Yingjing" high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer diluted 500 times into the pot every 10 days; spray a compound agent for promoting plant growth (60 mL / plant) on the leaf surface every 7 days. The compound agent for promoting plant growth is composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1000 mg / L, 6-BA 5 mg / L, and brassinolide 5 mg / L.

[0113] (9) Flower forcing treatment: Start the flower forcing treatment 50 days before the natural flowering period of one of the parents. During the flower forcing treatment, spray a compound agent for promoting flower bud differentiation (50 mL / plant) on the leaf surface every 7 days. The compound agent for promoting flower bud differentiation is composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1500 mg / L and uniconazole 800 mg / L, and spray continuously for 3 times. Flower buds start to germinate 30 days after the treatment, thus achieving the purpose of early flowering.

[0114] After the above treatments, 43 plants had flower buds and bloomed in November 2020, 71 plants had flower buds and bloomed in December 2020, and all plants had flower buds and bloomed by April 2021.

[0115] Figure 1 This is a picture of the bougainvillea cultivated in Example 1 of the present invention starting in 2019 blooming for the first time in November 2020; Figure 2 This is a picture of another bougainvillea cultivated in Example 1 of the present invention starting in 2019 blooming for the first time in December 2020.

[0116] Example 2

[0117] Implementation time: April 15, 2020.

[0118] Sowing seeds: Select bougainvillea hybrid seeds harvested in March of the current year, which are seeds obtained by cross-pollination of varieties such as "Wine Red" × "Mrs. Eva", "Carmine" × "Light Eggplant", "Wine Red" × "Kaiyata", "Kaiyata" × "Picture Book", "Thomas" × "Light Eggplant", etc., with a total of 56 seeds.

[0119] A method for promoting the rapid flowering cultivation of hybrid bougainvillea seedlings, comprising the following steps:

[0120] (1) Hybrid seed induction for germination and sowing: After removing the attached perianth tube from bougainvillea seeds, soak them in 0.03 wt% gibberellin (GA3) for 12 h for induction of germination treatment; sow the induced seeds in a seedling plug tray. Germination starts 10 days after sowing to obtain the first-generation seedlings.

[0121] (2) Seedling treatment: When the first-generation seedlings have grown 5 new leaves, pinch off the apical bud to promote the germination of lateral buds and obtain the second-generation seedlings.

[0122] (3) Potting and cultivation stage: Transplant the second-generation seedlings into Pot I 3 days after pinching off the apical bud. Select the cultivation substrate I. After planting, compact the substrate and water with the root-fixing water. Enter normal cultivation management for 15 days. In the cultivation management, water again when the substrate on the pot surface turns white. During the management, cut half of the lateral branches every time 8 leaves grow to promote the germination of more lateral branches. At the same time, regularly move Pot I to prevent the roots from growing into the ground.

[0123] (4) First fertilizer and drug treatment: After 15 days of entering normal cultivation management in the potting and cultivation stage, enter a 6-month first fertilizer and drug treatment. Pour 30 mL / plant of 20-20-20+TE "Yingjing" macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer diluted 1000 times and 20 mL / plant of acetic acid fish protein solution diluted 1000 times into the pot every 15 days; spray 30 mL / plant of a compound reagent for promoting plant growth on the leaf surface every 10 days. The compound reagent for promoting plant growth consists of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1000 mg / L, chitosan oligosaccharide 200 mg / L, acetic acid fish protein solution 500 mg / L, 6-BA 3 mg / L, and brassinolide 5 mg / L; spray 20 mL / plant of a compound reagent for inhibiting plant growth on the leaf surface every 10 days. The compound reagent for inhibiting plant growth consists of prohexadione-calcium 800 mg / L and uniconazole 500 mg / L.

[0124] (5) First pot-in-pot cultivation: After 6 months of cultivation in the first fertilizer and drug treatment, obtain the first-generation young plants. Pot the first-generation young plants together with Pot I into Pot II. Select the cultivation substrate as Substrate II. After pot-in-pot planting, compact the substrate and water with the root-fixing water. Enter normal cultivation management for 7 days. In the cultivation management, water again when the substrate on the pot surface turns white. During the management, cut half of the lateral branches every time 8 leaves grow to promote the germination of more lateral branches. At the same time, regularly move the pot to prevent the roots from growing into the ground.

[0125] (6) Second fertilizer and drug treatment: After 7 days, enter the second fertilizer and drug treatment for 6 months to obtain seedlings II. During the second fertilizer and drug treatment, pour 30 mL / plant of 20-20-20+TE "Yingjing" macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer diluted 500 times and 30 mL / plant of acetic acid fish protein solution diluted 1000 times into the pot every 10 days; spray 50 mL / plant of a compound agent for promoting plant growth on the leaf surface every 7 days. The compound agent for promoting plant growth is composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1000 mg / L, chitosan oligosaccharide 250 mg / L, acetic acid fish protein solution 500 mg / L, 6-BA 5 mg / L, and brassinolide 5 mg / L; spray 30 mL / plant of a compound agent for inhibiting plant growth on the leaf surface every 10 days. The compound agent for inhibiting plant growth is composed of prohexadione-calcium 500 mg / L and uniconazole 500 mg / L.

[0126] (7) Second potting cultivation: After 6 months, pot the seedlings together with pot II into pot III. The selected cultivation substrate is substrate III. After potting, compact the substrate and pour the root-fixing water. Enter normal cultivation management for 7 days. In the cultivation management, water again when the substrate on the pot surface turns white. During the management, cut off half of the newly grown 8 leaves of the sprouted lateral branches to promote more lateral branches to germinate. At the same time, move the pot regularly to prevent the roots from growing into the ground.

[0127] (8) Third fertilizer and drug treatment: After 7 days, enter the third fertilizer and drug treatment for 7 months. During this period, pour 30 mL / plant of 13-40-13+TE "Yingjing" high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer diluted 500 times into the pot every 10 days; spray 80 mL / plant of a compound agent for promoting plant growth on the leaf surface every 7 days. The compound agent for promoting plant growth is composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1000 mg / L, 6-BA 5 mg / L, and brassinolide 5 mg / L.

[0128] (9) Flower forcing treatment: Start the flower forcing treatment 50 days before the natural flowering period of one of the parents. During the flower forcing treatment, spray 80 mL / plant of a compound agent for promoting flower bud differentiation on the leaf surface every 7 days. The compound agent for promoting flower bud differentiation is composed of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1500 mg / L and uniconazole 1000 mg / L, and spray continuously for 3 times. Flower buds start to germinate 30 days after the treatment, thus achieving the purpose of early flowering.

[0129] After the above treatments, 13 plants had flower buds and bloomed in October 2021, 23 plants had flower buds and bloomed in November 2021, and all plants had flower buds and bloomed by April 2022.

[0130] Figure 3 This is a picture of the bougainvillea cultivated in Example 2 of the present invention starting in 2020 blooming for the first time in November 2021; Figure 4Picture of another Bougainvillea plant cultivated in Example 2 of the present invention starting in 2020, which first bloomed in November 2021.

[0131] Comparative Example 1

[0132] Implementation time: February 22, 2018.

[0133] Implementation method: Refer to the traditional breeding methods of other woody plant seedlings for implementation. The hybrid Bougainvillea seeds were selected as the Bougainvillea hybrid seeds harvested in February of the same year, which were the seeds obtained by cross-pollination of varieties such as "Wine Red" × "Brazil Purple", "Carmine" × "Light Eggplant", "Wine Red" × "Golden Edge Purple", "Wine Red" × "Light Eggplant", etc., with a total of 39 seeds.

[0134] The following steps were used for implementation:

[0135] (1) Inducing germination and sowing of hybrid seeds: After removing the attached perianth tube from the Bougainvillea seeds, they were soaked in 0.01 wt% gibberellin (GA3) for 24 h for inducing germination treatment; the induced seeds were dibbled in a seedling tray, and germination started 10 days after sowing, obtaining seedlings I.

[0136] (2) Seedling treatment: When seedlings I grew 5 new leaves, the tips were pinched off to promote the germination of lateral buds, obtaining seedlings II.

[0137] (3) Field planting: When the height of seedlings II reached 20 cm, they were planted in the experimental garden on a cloudy day.

[0138] (4) Daily management stage: (a) Water was managed in the same way as that of Bougainvillea propagated by the cutting method in conventional field planting; (b) 10 - 30 g of 15 - 15 - 15 "Yara" compound fertilizer was buried and applied every month, and a compound agent for promoting plant growth was sprayed once: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1000 mg / L + chitosan oligosaccharide 200 mg / L + fish protein acetate solution 500 mg / L + 6 - BA 3 mg / L; (c) In winter and spring, a compound agent for inhibiting plant growth was sprayed on the leaf surface every 15 days. The compound agent for inhibiting plant growth was composed of prohexadione - calcium 800 mg / L and uniconazole 800 mg / L.

[0139] A total of 39 seeds were sown this time, and 37 seedlings emerged. By May 2022, only 1 seedling bloomed, and the rest grew vigorously and it was difficult to enter the reproductive growth stage to reach the flowering stage.

[0140] Figure 5 Picture of the Bougainvillea cultivated in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention starting in 2018, which has not bloomed after being planted in the traditional field planting method for 5 years; Figure 6 Picture of another Bougainvillea cultivated in Comparative Example 1 of the present invention starting in 2018, which has not bloomed after being planted in the traditional field planting method for 5 years.

[0141] Comparative Example 2

[0142] Implementation time: April 13, 2020.

[0143] Implementation method: Cut branches from the hybrid seedlings of Bougainvillea that have been planted in the ground for 2 years in Comparative Example 1 as scions, and graft them at a high position onto the mature flowering purple Bougainvillea. After the grafting survived, it was managed using the same management method as the conventional Bougainvillea grafting stake.

[0144] A total of 93 plants were grafted this time. By May 2022, only 4 plants had flowered, and they were branches from the same mother plant. The rest grew vigorously and it was difficult to enter the reproductive growth stage to reach the flowering stage.

[0145] Figure 7 Picture of the Bougainvillea cultivated in 2020 for Comparative Example 2 of the present invention, which has not flowered after 2 years of high-position grafting cultivation; Figure 8 Picture of another Bougainvillea cultivated in 2020 for Comparative Example 2 of the present invention, which has not flowered after 2 years of high-position grafting cultivation.

[0146] The above experimental data show that the cultivation method for promoting the flowering of hybrid Bougainvillea seedlings of the present invention is effective, can significantly shorten the cultivation period of Bougainvillea seedlings. It only takes 18 - 24 months from sowing and seedling raising to flowering and fruiting. The first flowering time is early, which is convenient for the preliminary evaluation of hybrid offspring and can quickly achieve the purpose of new variety breeding.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for promoting the flowering of hybrid bougainvillea seedlings, characterized in that, The cultivation method includes the following steps: First fertilizer and drug treatment: From the 1st month to the 5.5 - 6.5th month after planting the Bougainvillea seedlings, fertilizer I, plant growth promoter I, and plant growth inhibitor I are applied cyclically to obtain seedling I; the fertilizer I includes elemental fertilizer and fish protein fertilizer; the plant growth promoter I includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, chitosan oligosaccharide, fish protein acetate, 6-benzylaminopurine, and brassinolide; the plant growth inhibitor I includes prohexadione-calcium and uniconazole; Second fertilizer and drug treatment: From the 5.5 - 6.5th month to the 11 - 13th month after planting the Bougainvillea seedlings, fertilizer II, plant growth promoter II, and plant growth inhibitor II are applied cyclically to obtain seedling II; the fertilizer II includes elemental fertilizer and fish protein fertilizer; the plant growth promoter II includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, chitosan oligosaccharide, fish protein acetate, 6-benzylaminopurine, and brassinolide; the plant growth inhibitor II includes prohexadione-calcium and uniconazole; Third fertilizer and drug treatment: From the 11 - 13th month to the 16 - 20th month after planting the Bougainvillea seedlings, fertilizer III and plant growth promoter III are applied cyclically to obtain seedling III; the fertilizer III includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer; the plant growth promoter III includes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6-benzylaminopurine, and brassinolide; Flower forcing treatment: Cyclically apply differentiation agents for flower forcing treatment 30 - 60 days before the flowering period; the differentiation agents include potassium dihydrogen phosphate and uniconazole.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cultivation method also includes the steps of germination promotion treatment, seedling treatment, potting cultivation, first pot-in-pot cultivation, and second pot-in-pot cultivation.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the fertilizer I, the elemental fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, 18 - 22 wt% phosphate fertilizer, 18 - 22 wt% potassium fertilizer, and the total nitrogen content of the elemental fertilizer is 18 - 22 wt%.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The plant growth promoter I includes 800 - 1200 mg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 180 - 220 mg / L of chitosan oligosaccharide, 480 - 520 mg / L of fish protein acetate solution, 2.5 - 3.5 mg / L of 6-benzylaminopurine, and 4.5 - 5.5 mg / L of brassinolide.

5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The plant growth inhibitor I includes 500 - 800 mg / L of prohexadione-calcium and 300 - 500 mg / L of uniconazole.

6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the fertilizer II, the elemental fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, 18 - 22 wt% phosphate fertilizer, 18 - 22 wt% potassium fertilizer, and the total nitrogen content of the elemental fertilizer is 18 - 22 wt%.

7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant growth promoter II includes 800 - 1200 mg / L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 230 - 270 mg / L of chitosan oligosaccharide, 480 - 520 mg / L of fish protein acetate solution, 2.5 - 3.5 mg / L of 6-benzylaminopurine, and 4.5 - 5.5 mg / L of brassinolide.

8. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that The plant growth inhibitor II includes 500 - 800 mg / L of prohexadione-calcium and 300 - 500 mg / L of uniconazole.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein In the fertilizer III, the elemental fertilizer includes nitrogen fertilizer, 35 - 45 wt% phosphate fertilizer, 10 - 15 wt% potassium fertilizer, and the total nitrogen content of the elemental fertilizer is 10 - 15 wt%.

10. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant growth promoter III comprises potassium dihydrogen phosphate at 800 - 1200 mg / L, 6-benzylaminopurine at 3.5 - 6.5 mg / L, and brassinolide at 4.5 - 5.5 mg / L.

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