A method for cultivating wintersweet small pot plants that can be planted every year

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for cultivating wintersweet small pot plants that can be planted out every year, by using facility cultivation, container planting, semi-underground planting, etc. to extend the annual growth time and accelerate the growth rate; by selecting high-quality rootstocks and improving the grafting and planting methods, etc. to improve the survival rate and quality of small pot plants; by promoting flower branches and compact crowns through topdressing and growth regulator spraying, etc.; by using the technology of planting out, high-quality small pot plants are produced; the whole set of cultivation methods also includes the technical links such as scion selection and treatment, grafting, soil, fertilizer and water management, shaping and pruning, and pest control. Through a series of technical management measures, the annual production technology of wintersweet small pot plants, which are grafted, planted, shaped, and planted out in the same year, is realized. Compared with the prior art, the cultivation method of the present invention has the advantages of simple process, short cultivation cycle, low cost, high yield, good benefit, etc., and has extremely high promotion and application value.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wintersweet cultivation, and in particular to a method for cultivating wintersweet in small pots that can be planted every year. Background Art

[0002] Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) is a valuable plant, widely cultivated for its unique ornamental value, with a long history and profound cultural connotations. As an important garden plant, its flowers bloom in the cold, making it a rare aromatic ornamental flower in winter and early spring. Its elegant colors, rich fragrance, and long flowering period make it a natural Lunar New Year flower. Wintersweet flowers also contain a wealth of aromatic compounds, from which essential oils can be extracted for use in perfumes, flavors, and other fragrance products. Their unique, fresh, and elegant aroma is deeply loved by consumers. Furthermore, wintersweet is rich in cultural connotations, embodying the qualities of resilience and perseverance. It holds a prominent place in traditional culture, symbolizing noble character and integrity.

[0003] The cultivation of wintersweet has formed a certain scale. As one of the rare flowering plants in winter and a natural New Year flower, its market demand is stable. Wintersweet is not only popular in landscaping, but also in home gardening and holiday decorations. In particular, the market demand for small potted wintersweet is increasing year by year, and consumption is strong.

[0004] However, there are still some key technologies that need to be solved in the current cultivation technology of wintersweet in small pots, including the long cultivation cycle (usually 3-5 years), large labor workload for management and maintenance, and low degree of industrialization. In the existing literature on the cultivation technology of wintersweet in small pots, there is no mention of an efficient cultivation model that can be planted in the same year (Song Xingrong, et al. 2017. Wintersweet Cultivation [M]: 110. Beijing: Science Press; Wu Yaqiong. Wintersweet Small Bonsai Production [J]. Chinese Flower Gardening, 2015(02): 31; Sun Meng, Zhang Wenjian, Shen Xihui, et al. Wintersweet Small Pot Cultivation Technology [J]. Henan Forestry Science and Technology, 2019, 39(04): 52-53.).

[0005] Therefore, a method for cultivating wintersweet in a small pot that can be grown in a nursery every year is needed to solve the problem urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention adopts technical innovation, selects appropriate specifications of wintersweet rootstock for grafting in a plastic greenhouse in early spring, and plants it in a container. Through a series of technical management measures, the present invention realizes the annual production technology of wintersweet small potted plants, which are grafted, planted, shaped and planted in the same year, and forms a kind of wintersweet small potted plant cultivation method that can be planted in the field every year, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0007] (1) Extend the annual growth time and accelerate the growth rate: including facility cultivation, container planting, and semi-underground planting.

[0008] The facility cultivation:

[0009] The main types of facilities are plastic greenhouses and solar greenhouses. Solar greenhouses or double-film plastic greenhouses are suitable for areas north of the Yellow River, while single-film plastic greenhouses can be used in areas south of the Yellow River. The plastic greenhouse cover time is early to mid-January. When the average daily temperature reaches above 15℃ in mid-to-late April, the film can be gradually removed. When the average daily temperature is below 15℃ in mid-to-late October, the greenhouse should be covered to keep warm.

[0010] The container planting:

[0011] Choose a plastic pot or non-woven planting bag with a diameter of 15-25cm and a depth of 18-20cm as a culture container. Keep permeable holes at the bottom to ensure that the roots can grow from the bottom of the container, penetrate into the soil, expand the root growth space, and better absorb water and nutrients from the soil. First, place the grafted seedlings in the container, then fill the culture container with substrate and organic fertilizer to 2 / 3 of its height, and cover the rhizome with a layer of non-woven membrane with a hole in the middle that is slightly smaller than the diameter of the container from the top, and then fill it with soil to prevent the growth of sprouts at the root neck and below of the wintersweet. The substrate includes humus soil and field soil in a volume ratio of 1:2. Apply about 100g of decomposed organic fertilizer (sheep manure or cow manure) to each culture container.

[0012] The semi-underground planting:

[0013] Dig a planting trench within the facility and plant in wide and narrow rows, with wide rows approximately 60 cm wide and narrow rows approximately 40 cm wide. The trench should be approximately 10 cm deep. Place the container seedlings in the trench, spacing them approximately 30 cm apart. Then backfill with soil to a depth of approximately half the container height. Semi-underground container planting helps raise the substrate temperature early on, facilitating rooting and improving drought resistance during the growing season.

[0014] (2) Select high-quality rootstocks and improve grafting and planting methods: including rootstock selection and grafting and planting.

[0015] The rootstock selection:

[0016] Choose wintersweet seedlings with a ground diameter of 1.5-3cm, no pests and diseases, and intact root systems as rootstocks. They are more suitable for small potted plants that year, and the rootstocks should be brought with soil balls.

[0017] The grafting and planting:

[0018] Grafting is done before planting. Cut the rootstock no more than 5cm above the rootstock, then graft the scion onto the rootstock using the cut grafting method to obtain the grafted seedling. The grafted seedling is then planted in a container. This method facilitates manual operation and helps to reduce the height of the grafting point, thereby improving the quality of the seedling. The scion incision is left about 0.5cm exposed to facilitate better healing between the scion and the rootstock.

[0019] (3) Flower branch promotion and compact crown shape: including topdressing and hormone spraying

[0020] The topdressing:

[0021] From June to July, during the flower bud differentiation period, spray 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves once every 7-10 days to promote flower bud differentiation, and spray 3-4 times in a row;

[0022] The hormone spraying:

[0023] From June to July, spray 0.2‰ mepiquat chloride once every 7-10 days, and spray 2-3 times in a row to shorten the internodes and make the plant compact. It can be mixed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate when applying topdressing.

[0024] (4) Leave the field

[0025] Depending on the flowering period of different varieties, the seedlings are dug up before sale in autumn and winter or around the Spring Festival. The roots at the bottom of the container seedlings are dug out and sold directly, or the containers are removed and the roots are properly trimmed. They are then placed in ceramic pots of appropriate sizes and sold as commercial small potted plants.

[0026] Furthermore, other methods for cultivating wintersweet small pot plants are also included:

[0027] (1) Scion selection and processing: In early to mid-January, select healthy, one-year-old branches of excellent wintersweet varieties that are free of pests and diseases as scions. Cut the cut branches into 5-7 cm segments, retaining 1-2 pairs of buds. Dip them in 90°C paraffin for 1-2 seconds and place them in a 0-5°C cold storage or refrigerator for later use.

[0028] (2) Grafting: including grafting time and grafting method

[0029] Grafting time: In early spring, when the average temperature in the facility is above 10℃, grafting is generally done in early to mid-February in areas north of the Yellow River, and can be done 7-10 days earlier in areas south of the Yellow River.

[0030] Grafting method: Cut off the woody part of one side of the stock vertically at about 1 / 4 of the diameter, with a depth of 2-3 cm. Start from 2-3 cm below the bud on one side of the scion, and shave off the outer bark downwards to expose the woody part in the middle. Ensure that the cut is smooth and the cut surface is about 2.5 cm long. Cut the bevel of the other side short by about 0.5 cm. Insert the long cut surface of the scion into the cut of the stock, aligning the cambium of the scion and the stock on one or both sides. Leave about 0.5 cm of the scion cut to facilitate better healing of the scion and the stock. Then use a special grafting band to tie it firmly.

[0031] (3) Soil, fertilizer and water management: Irrigate in time according to the soil moisture conditions to avoid waterlogging; apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15) 1-2 times from April to June, with a fertilizer amount of 10-15g / plant; apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=10:26:26) before the leaves fall in autumn, with a fertilizer amount of 10g / plant. Clean the nursery weeds and remove sprouts in time during the growing season to keep the soil loose;

[0032] (4) Shaping and pruning: When the scion sprouts and branches are about 10-15 cm long, cut them short, leaving two pairs of buds on the branches. Then, according to the growth of the branches, cut them short 3-5 times to promote the growth of branches to form a round crown and promote the thickening of the main trunk of the potted seedlings. No more cutting will be done after August to avoid the growth of new shoots and affect the formation of flower buds.

[0033] (5) Disease and Pest Control: Wintersweet rarely has diseases and pests. The main diseases are leaf spot, brown spot, and black spot. The main insect pests are leaf roller and Japanese cottony scale. Prevention and control should be carried out according to the principle of prevention first and integrated control. Diseased branches and leaves should be removed during weeding and destroyed in a centralized manner to reduce pathogens and infection sources.

[0034] Disease control:

[0035] Leaf spot disease: When the disease occurs, spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times diluted, or 50% procymidone wettable powder 1000 times diluted. Spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 3-4 times in a row;

[0036] Brown spot disease: When the disease occurs, spray 1:1:160 Bordeaux mixture, or 500 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder, or 1000 times diluted 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder. Spray once every 15-20 days, and spray 3-4 times in a row.

[0037] Black spot disease: When the disease occurs, spray 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times liquid, or 12% sulforaphane wettable powder 1000 times liquid, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times liquid. Spray once every 10-15 days, and spray 3-4 times in a row.

[0038] Pest Control:

[0039] Leaf roller: spray 2000 times diluted 20% chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate or 1200 times diluted 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate during the peak period of larval damage for prevention and control;

[0040] Japanese cottony scale: After the nymphs hatch in large numbers, spray with 1500 times diluted 50% carbofuran emulsifiable concentrate for prevention and control.

[0041] The advantages of the present invention over the prior art are: the present invention discloses a method for cultivating small potted wintersweet plants that can be planted every year, which is specially used to cultivate small potted wintersweet plants for home gardening. Compared with the prior art, the cultivation method of the present invention has the advantages of simple process, short cultivation cycle, low cost, high yield, good efficiency, etc., and has extremely high promotion and application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0043] Figure 1 : The scion incision leaks about 0.5cm;

[0044] Figure 2 : Cover non-woven membrane and effect diagram;

[0045] Figure 3 : Growth status of the grafted wintersweet potted plants in May 2023;

[0046] Figure 4 : The growth of the grafted wintersweet potted plants in July 2023;

[0047] Figure 5 : Flower bud status of grafted wintersweet small potted plants in October 2023;

[0048] Figure 6 : The flower buds of the grafted small potted wintersweet in December 2023;

[0049] Figure 7 : Flowering of small potted wintersweet plants in January 2024;

[0050] Figure 8 : Flowering of small potted wintersweet plants in January 2024;

[0051] Figure 9 : Small commercial potted wintersweet plants that were planted that year. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] In January 2021, a 480m2 shed was built at the Wintersweet Base of Henan Academy of Forestry Sciences in Malan Town, Yanling County, Xuchang City, Henan Province, for technical verification tests.

[0054] The base field was evenly divided into several blocks, and the following examples and comparative examples were implemented respectively to compare the present invention with the prior art.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] In mid-January 2021, select one-year-old healthy branches from mother plants of excellent wintersweet varieties that are free of pests and diseases as scions. Cut the cut branches into 5-7 cm segments, retain 1-2 pairs of buds, dip them in 90℃ paraffin for 1-2 seconds, and place them in a 0-5℃ cold storage for later use.

[0057] In mid-February, select a plastic pot with a diameter of 18 cm and a depth of 18 cm as a culture container. At the same time, select wintersweet seedlings with a ground diameter of 1.5-3 cm, dig them up with soil balls, and use them as rootstocks.

[0058] Cut the rootstock no more than 5 cm upward from the rootstock, cut the rootstock vertically at about 1 / 4 of the diameter with a slight xylem on one side, and cut it into a depth of 2-3 cm. Starting from 2-3 cm below the bud on one side of the scion, shave the outer skin downward to expose the xylem in the middle, with a length of 2.5 cm on the cut surface, and cut the other side short by 0.5 cm on the bevel. Insert the long cut surface of the scion into the incision of the stock, aligning the cambium on one or both sides of the scion and the stock, leaving about 0.5 cm exposed from the scion incision, and then secure it with a special grafting band to obtain a grafted seedling.

[0059] First, plant the grafted seedlings in a container, then fill the culture container with 2 / 3 of the height of the matrix and organic fertilizer, cover the rhizome with a layer of non-woven membrane with a hole in the middle that is slightly smaller than the diameter of the container from the top, and then cover it with soil to prevent the growth of wintersweet sprouts. The filling matrix includes humus soil and field soil, with a volume ratio of 1:2. Apply about 100g of decomposed sheep manure to each container. At the same time, dig planting trenches, plant wide and narrow rows, with a wide row of 60cm and a narrow row width of 40cm. The depth of the planting trench is 10cm. Place the culture container in the planting trench with a plant spacing of 30cm, and then backfill the soil to half the height of the container. A total of 2,800 potted seedlings are planted;

[0060] In early March, the grafted seedlings in the greenhouse have sprouted and grown. After the temperature rises in mid-March, the greenhouse film is intermittently rolled up during the day until it is completely uncovered in mid-April. During this period, daily management work such as pruning, watering, weeding, and sprout removal is carried out once;

[0061] Apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15) once at the end of April and the end of May, with a fertilizer rate of 10-15g / plant. During the same period, carry out daily management work such as pruning, watering, weeding, and removing sprouts according to the shaping and pruning techniques;

[0062] Starting from early June, topdress the grafted seedlings in the greenhouse every 10 days during the flower bud differentiation period, spraying 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate on the leaves for 4 consecutive times. During this period, spray 0.2‰ mepiquat chloride 3 times together with the foliar fertilizer to promote internode shortening and compact plant shape. In addition, the crown shape effect is combined to improve the subsequent daily management work such as pruning, watering, weeding, and sprout removal.

[0063] From August to September, daily management work such as watering, weeding, and sprout removal is carried out on the grafted seedlings;

[0064] In mid-to-late October 2021, when the average daily temperature is below 15°C, cover the greenhouse to keep warm. At the same time, fertilize before the leaves fall in autumn. Apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=10:26:26) once, with a fertilizer amount of 10g / plant. In mid-November 2021, the sales work will be carried out in succession. In February 2022, the greenhouse will be cleared to prepare for a new round of small potted cultivation.

[0065] After February 2022, a new round of small potted plants will be cultivated and planted in the greenhouse every year.

[0066] Comparative Example 1

[0067] Different from Example 1, this comparative example adopts the traditional cultivation method to plant wintersweet.

[0068] In early March 2021, this comparative example started to select 1 cm or more wintersweet seedlings with the same planting area as in Example 1, planted them in the field with a spacing of 40 cm × 50 cm, and cultivated rootstock seedlings, planting a total of 2300 trees;

[0069] From April to December, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O = 15:15:15) once at the end of April and the end of July, with a fertilizer amount of 10-15g / plant, and apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (N: P2O5: K2O = 10:26:26) once at the end of October, with a fertilizer amount of 10g / plant. At the same time, carry out daily management work such as watering, weeding, and removing sprouts on the rootstock seedlings;

[0070] In January 2022, the cultivation of rootstock seedlings was basically completed, and the scion selection and processing work was carried out together with the embodiment at the same time;

[0071] In mid-March 2022, the ground-planted rootstock seedlings were cut to 10-15 cm, and then grafted with high-quality scion varieties using the traditional cut grafting method;

[0072] From April to August 2022, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=15:15:15) once at the end of April and the end of July, with a fertilizer rate of 10-15g / plant. At the end of April, keep 2-3 nodes below the cut for the first pruning. From May to July, prune again at the end of each month. At the same time, carry out daily management work such as watering, weeding, and removing sprouts for the grafted seedlings.

[0073] From August to December 2022, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=10:26:26) once at the end of October, with a fertilizer rate of 10g / plant. At the same time, carry out daily management work such as watering, weeding, and removing sprouts for the grafted seedlings;

[0074] After the whole year of cultivation in 2022, the base of the grafted seedlings will be formed, but the number of flowers is small and it is not yet ready for sale. In early March 2023, before buds emerge, they will be potted. When potting, prune only the skeleton branches, and then the management work throughout the year is the same as in 2022.

[0075] After December 2023, small potted seedlings produced by the traditional field model will be sold. After the sales are completed in February 2024, statistical data will be compared and the advantages of this technical invention will be obvious.

[0076] Test Example 1

[0077] The sales of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1. Among them, the ones with rounded and full crowns and large number of flowers are high-quality small potted plants; the ones with basically formed crowns and generally large number of flowers are qualified small potted plants.

[0078] Table 1

[0079]

[0080] It can be seen from the table that the number of small potted plants cultivated by this technology invention in the three years from 2021 to 2023 is far greater than that of the traditional technology model. Although the number of high-quality small potted plants produced in the third year is less than that of the traditional technology, the number of traditional technology in the first two years is zero. The total number of this technology in three years far exceeds that of traditional technology, and the benefits are very obvious.

[0081] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating wintersweet in small pots that can be planted every year, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Facility cultivation: Use a greenhouse or greenhouse as the cultivation facility; Step 2: Scion selection and processing: Select pest-free and healthy branches as scions, cut them into segments, retain the buds, wax seal them, and refrigerate them for later use; Step 3: Select high-quality rootstocks: Choose wintersweet seedlings with a ground diameter of 1.5-3 cm, intact root systems, and soil clumps or balls as rootstocks; Step 4, grafting and container planting: select a container with a water-permeable hole at the bottom as a culture container; when the ambient temperature in the facility is greater than 10°C, cut the rootstock, and then use the cut grafting method to graft the scion onto the rootstock to obtain a grafted seedling. First, place the grafted seedling in the container, then fill the culture container with a substrate and organic fertilizer to 2 / 3 of its height, insert a non-woven fabric membrane from the top to cover the rhizome, and then fill it with soil; the substrate includes humus soil and field soil in a volume ratio of 1:2; the organic fertilizer is decomposed sheep manure or cow dung, and the amount is 100g; Step 5, semi-underground planting: digging planting trenches and semi-underground planting in the culture containers; Step 6: Promote flower branches and compact crown shape: From April to June, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer type 1; from June to July, apply foliar fertilizer and spray growth regulator together with the foliar fertilizer; in autumn, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer type 2 before the leaves fall; Step 7: Shaping and pruning: Prune the scion when it sprouts and branches are 10-15 cm long. Prune 3-5 times during the growing season and stop pruning after August. Step 8: Leave the garden.

2. a kind of wintersweet small pot cultivation method that can be planted out every year according to claim 1, is characterized in that, In step one, solar greenhouses or double-film plastic greenhouses are suitable for areas north of the Yellow River, and single-film plastic greenhouses are used in areas south of the Yellow River. The time for covering the plastic greenhouse is early to mid-January. When the average daily temperature reaches above 15°C in mid-to-late April, the film is gradually removed. In mid-to-late October, when the average daily temperature is below 15°C, the greenhouse is covered to keep warm.

3. a kind of wintersweet small pot cultivation method that can be planted out every year according to claim 1, is characterized in that, In step 2, the scion is cut into 5-7 cm segments, retaining 1-2 pairs of buds, and refrigerated at 0-5°C; the wax sealing treatment in step 2 is to dip the scion in 90°C paraffin for 1-2 seconds.

4. a kind of wintersweet small pot cultivation method that can be planted out every year according to claim 1, is characterized in that, In step 4, the culture container has a diameter of 15-25 cm and a height of 18-20 cm, and the culture container is a plastic basin or non-woven fabric; grafting is performed first and then planting, the distance between the rootstock and the rootstock root is ≤5 cm, and the scion incision is 0.5 cm exposed; the cutting grafting method is as follows: one side of the rootstock is selected, and a vertical cut is made at 1 / 4 of the diameter, with a cut depth of 2-3 cm; one side of the scion is selected, and the outer skin is peeled off 2-3 cm below the bud to form a cut surface; the cut surface is inserted into the incision of the rootstock and fixed to obtain a grafted seedling.

5. a kind of wintersweet small pot cultivation method that can be planted out every year according to claim 1, is characterized in that, In step 5, the planting ditch is 10 cm deep; the culture containers are planted in narrow rows, with wide rows of 60 cm and narrow rows of 40 cm; the semi-underground planting is to place the culture containers in the planting ditch with a spacing of 30 cm between plants, and backfill the soil to half the height of the culture containers.

6. a kind of wintersweet small pot cultivation method that can be planted out every year according to claim 1, is characterized in that, In step six, the N:P2O5:K2O in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is 15:15:15, the fertilizer amount is 10-15g / plant, and fertilization is performed 1-2 times; the foliar fertilizer is sprayed once every 7-10d, and sprayed 3-4 times in a row. The foliar fertilizer is 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution; the growth regulator is 0.2‰ cypermethrin, which is sprayed 2-3 times; the N:P2O5:K2O in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is 10:26:26, the fertilizer amount is 10g / plant, and fertilization is performed once.

7. a kind of wintersweet small pot cultivation method that can be planted out every year according to claim 1, is characterized in that, In step eight, depending on the flowering period of different varieties, the seedlings are removed in autumn and winter or around the Spring Festival before being sold, the roots at the bottom of the container seedlings are dug out, and they are sold directly, or the containers are removed and the roots are properly trimmed, and then they are placed in ceramic pots of appropriate sizes and sold as commercial small potted plants.

8. a kind of wintersweet small pot cultivation method that can be planted out every year according to claim 1 is characterized in that, It also includes pest and disease control; Leaf spot disease: spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times liquid or 50% procymidone wettable powder 1000 times liquid when the disease occurs, spray once every 7-10 days, and spray 3-4 times in a row; Brown spot disease: spray 1:1:160 Bordeaux mixture, or 500 times liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, or 1000 times liquid of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder when the disease occurs, spray once every 15-20 days, and spray 3-4 times in a row; Black spot disease: When the disease occurs, spray 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times liquid, or 12% Suboli wettable powder 1000 times liquid, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times liquid, spray once every 10-15 days, and spray 3-4 times in a row; Leaf roller: spray 2000 times diluted 20% chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate or 1200 times diluted 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate during the peak period of larval damage; Japanese cottony scale: After the nymphs hatch in large numbers, spray with 1500 times diluted 50% carbofuran emulsifiable concentrate for prevention and control.

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