A power monitoring method and device based on a customer premises network

Abstract

The present invention discloses a power monitoring method based on a customer premises network. This method arranges radio frequency sensors in the power system, collects service data in the corresponding area of the power system through the radio frequency sensors, and sends it to the monitoring unit for processing to achieve low-energy-consumption and high-precision power data collection. In addition, this method constructs a communication network based on the radio frequency sensors and the monitoring unit. The radio frequency sensors can select the monitoring units in the areas with lower power service loads according to the service data table for data transceiver. In any communication cycle, it ensures that the transmission link between the radio frequency sensors and the monitoring unit maintains the maximum communication efficiency and reduces the communication pressure in the areas with higher power service loads.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to communication monitoring and control technologies, and particularly to a power monitoring method and device based on a customer premises network. Background Art

[0002] A customer premises network has multiple sensors that can be used for power status monitoring. For example, CN202488739U discloses a method and system for judging the data transmission efficiency of each key node of a power system through a wireless sensor network, and uses the arrangement of wireless sensor nodes to perform real-time monitoring of the power system. However, the network topology of the wireless sensor network is not stable, and the multi-hop self-organizing network communication mode is prone to transmission instability, and the communication efficiency of edge nodes is poor, and data transmission is easily affected by external uncontrollable factors. In the prior art, to solve this drawback, a method of constructing relay nodes is adopted to improve the stability of the wireless sensor network. For example, the transmission method of the wireless sensor network disclosed in CN112867020B adjusts the priority of channel selection according to the congestion degree of different channel communications to ensure the network communication efficiency. However, this technical means has a large energy consumption loss in the communication network, which is not conducive to the actual application scenario. Therefore, it is necessary to further improve the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a power monitoring method based on a customer premises network. In this method, by arranging radio frequency sensors in the user area, when the power data packet does not exceed the bearing capacity of the monitoring nodes in this area, the monitoring nodes directly send the parsed power data packets to the resident server after parsing; when the power data packet exceeds the bearing capacity of the monitoring nodes, the monitoring nodes in the first area process all power data packets within the threshold range, and the radio frequency sensors send the remaining power data packets to the monitoring nodes in another area for parsing and then send them to the resident server. Further, the present invention also provides a monitoring device for implementing the power monitoring method based on the customer premises network.

[0004] The invention object of the present application can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0005] A power monitoring method based on a customer premises network, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Arrange n monitoring nodes and m radio frequency sensors in multiple areas of the power system, where m > n, and any one monitoring node performs data transceiver with multiple radio frequency sensors;

[0007] Step 2: Within one communication cycle, the resident server broadcasts a service data table, and the monitoring unit receives and stores the service data table;

[0008] Step 3: The monitoring unit determines the area type where the monitoring node is located at the current moment based on the bandwidth peak standard and sets a corresponding transmission threshold T;

[0009] Step 4: At least one RF sensor acquires the real-time power data of the current object, assigns a unique identification code to the real-time power data, and generates a power data packet;

[0010] Step 6: The monitoring unit in the first area broadcasts a first request frame, and i RF sensors send i power data packets to the monitoring unit in the first state;

[0011] Step 9: The monitoring unit in the first area parses the power data packet, compares the transmission threshold T with the number of power data packets. If i ≤ T, it proceeds to Step 7; otherwise, it proceeds to Step 8;

[0012] Step 7: The monitoring unit h in the first area sends i power data packets to the resident server and proceeds to Step 10;

[0013] Step 8: The monitoring unit h in the first area transmits T power data packets to the resident server and broadcasts a second request frame as a time synchronization request;

[0014] Step 9: The monitoring unit g in the second area responds to the second request frame, responds to the time synchronization request, and broadcasts a third request frame. j RF sensors send j power data packets to the monitoring unit g in the second area, where j = T - i, and proceeds to Step 10;

[0015] Step 10: The resident server parses the identification code of the data packet through the RFID reader to obtain the real-time power data.

[0016] In the present invention, the power system is a resident low-voltage substation.

[0017] In the present invention, the RF sensor is an RFID terminal device with the function of collecting power data information. The real-time power data obtained by multiple RF sensors can be parsed by the monitoring node, and the RF sensors perform data transmission and reception in the first state or the second state respectively.

[0018] In the present invention, the first state is passive communication, and short-distance communication is completed by capturing the signal in the CAN bus; the second state is active communication, and long-distance communication is completed by the power supply device.

[0019] In the present invention, the service data table is an XML file of real-time power services, which contains the status information of each area in the power system during this time period.

[0020] In the present invention, it is determined according to the service schedule that the monitoring unit h is in the first area and the monitoring unit g is in the second area.

[0021] In the present invention, the monitoring node is a convergence node. Multiple monitoring nodes and a resident server form a wireless sensor network, and an instant communication network is constructed among the monitoring nodes through an ad-hoc network.

[0022] In the present invention, the transmission threshold T is the maximum value of the power data packets that a monitoring node can parse, transmit, and receive within a communication cycle.

[0023] In the present invention, a monitoring device for implementing a power monitoring method based on a user's home network includes: a monitoring unit, a resident server, monitoring nodes, radio frequency sensors, radio frequency identifiers, and a terminal memory. Among them, the monitoring unit includes monitoring nodes and a terminal memory.

[0024] The monitoring unit controls the data transmission and reception of the monitoring nodes, determines the type of the area where the monitoring nodes are located at the current moment, and periodically stores the service data table in the terminal memory.

[0025] The resident server broadcasts the service data table and controls the data transmission and reception of the communication network within the area.

[0026] The monitoring nodes process the power data packets of the radio frequency sensors.

[0027] The radio frequency sensors read the current power data information.

[0028] The radio frequency identifier is used to read the unique identification code of the real-time power data and determine the entity area corresponding to the real-time power data.

[0029] Implementing the power monitoring method and device based on the user's home network of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The radio frequency sensors provide monitoring data for the monitoring nodes, which is beneficial for the monitoring nodes to determine the area where the current monitoring data is located. Moreover, the radio frequency sensors can switch between active and passive communication states, and can select different communication states according to the load situation within the current user monitoring area, which improves the network information transmission efficiency while minimizing the energy consumption of the nodes as much as possible. In addition, by arranging radio frequency sensors in the user monitoring area of the power system and selecting a suitable transmission path when the power data packets do not exceed the bearing capacity of the monitoring nodes in this area, the negative impact of the multi-hop self-organization of the power system monitoring network on the system stability is reduced. Description of the Drawings

[0030] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the power monitoring method based on the user's home network of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the method for the monitoring unit to broadcast the second request frame to complete time synchronization of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 It is the internal hardware structure diagram of the radio frequency sensor of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is the hardware block diagram of the monitoring device for the power system monitoring method for implementing the Internet of Things according to the present invention. Specific implementation manners

[0034] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0035] In the power system monitoring environment, the wireless sensor network is the mainstream monitoring method. By fixing wireless sensor nodes at the monitoring points to collect data, the monitoring data is periodically transmitted to the aggregation node in a multi-hop manner based on the cellular network. The instability of this method is relatively strong. For the monitoring of large power systems or transmission lines, the long distance may cause the communication connection of wireless sensor nodes to terminate. The density of wireless sensor nodes in the power system decreases, the number of available transmission paths for a single node during communication is reduced, the network formation requires a long waiting time, and the stability of the communication network cannot be guaranteed. Embodiment 1

[0036] The radio frequency identification technology is a communication means under the Internet of Things communication technology. The radio frequency sensor is small in size, can achieve contactless identification, and multiple radio frequency sensors can be identified synchronously. Therefore, it is suitable for identification and monitoring in the power system. By establishing a network topology, it plays a role in optimizing and improving the network communication quality and enhancing the application effect of the power system monitoring network. The combination of the radio frequency sensor and the wireless sensor node can increase the communication distance of radio frequency identification and supplement the target determination and range division of each monitoring object in the wireless sensor network. The radio frequency identification technology is used to realize data transceiver between the monitoring node based on the wireless sensor network technology and the radio frequency sensor, and the wireless sensor network is used to realize data transceiver between the monitoring node and the resident server. This technical means can effectively meet the application characteristics of contactless, high performance, low energy consumption, and high stability required by the power system monitoring network. The power monitoring method and device based on the user's local network are realized by using this technical means. In this embodiment, referring to Figure 1 , this power monitoring method based on the user's local network includes the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Arrange n monitoring nodes and m RF sensors in multiple regions of the power system, where m > n. Any one monitoring node conducts data transmission and reception with multiple RF sensors. In this embodiment, the RF sensor is an RFID terminal device with the function of collecting power data information. The real-time power data obtained by multiple RF sensors can be parsed by the monitoring nodes, and the RF sensors conduct data transmission and reception in the first state or the second state respectively. Among them, the first state is passive communication, and short-distance communication is completed by capturing signals in the CAN bus; the second state is active communication, and long-distance communication is completed by a power supply device.

[0038] In this embodiment, the communication frequency band of the RF sensor is 860 - 960 MHz, belonging to ultra-high frequency communication. Ultra-high frequency communication can ensure a relatively high information reading and writing rate for real-time power data monitoring, and a longer reading and writing distance. Generally speaking, the communication between the RF sensor and the monitoring node can be carried out in two ways: active backscattering and passive backscattering. Considering the actual application environment of the power system, the communication transmission distance of passive backscattering is generally within 6 - 12 m, and there is no need to add an RF transmission module. Therefore, the RF sensor in this embodiment preferably adopts the passive backscattering method.

[0039] Step 2: Within a communication cycle, the resident server broadcasts the service data table, and the monitoring unit receives and stores the service data table. Among them, the service data table is an XML file of real-time power services, containing the status information of each region in the power system during this time period.

[0040] Step 3: The monitoring unit determines the region type where the monitoring node is located at the current moment and sets a corresponding transmission threshold T. The region types where the monitoring node is located are divided into the first region and the second region. Among them, the first region is the high-load region for service transmission in the current power system, and the second region is the low-load region for service transmission in the current power system. Among them, the determination of the first region and the second region where the monitoring node is located is based on the bandwidth peak standard of power distribution and utilization information collection. There are N service link channels in the power system region z, the basic service bandwidth allocated by the power system to region z is K, and the service concurrency ratio is μ, then the service bandwidth peak of region z is K max = K·μ, which is the bandwidth of the distribution service reaching the communication service monitoring node. Among them, is the redundancy coefficient of the distribution service, and is the disaster tolerance coefficient of the distribution service. In the power distribution and utilization information collection of the power system, generally, the number of service links N takes values from 1 to 3, the redundancy coefficient generally takes values from 1.0 to 1.5, and the disaster tolerance coefficient generally takes values from 0.9 to 1.2. In this embodiment, the number of service links N takes 1, the redundancy coefficient takes 1.3, and the disaster tolerance coefficient takes 1.1. The transmission threshold T is determined based on the average bandwidth utilization rate H of the basic service bandwidth K allocated to region z, H = K max / K. If H > 70%, then T = N, which is defined as the first region. If H ≤ 70%, it is defined as the second region.

[0041] Step 4: At least one RF sensor acquires the real-time power data of the current object, assigns a unique identification code to the real-time power data, and generates a power data packet.

[0042] The RF sensor can distribute an ECP code as an identifier for the monitoring data. The ECP code can be parsed by the RF identification module, and the data volume of the ECP code is relatively small. In this embodiment, the real-time power data and the identification code together constitute the power data packet. When the monitoring nodes in the area where the RF sensor is located are in a high-load state, the RF sensor will communicate with the monitoring nodes in other areas. To facilitate the resident server to identify the data source, the identification code in the power data packet read by the RF identification module in the monitoring unit can be used as the identity identification information of the data.

[0043] Step 5: The monitoring unit in the first region broadcasts a first request frame, and i RF sensors send i power data packets to the monitoring unit in the first state.

[0044] The first request frame is broadcast through relay forwarding by multiple RF sensors. After the monitoring node h sends the first request frame, the RF sensor relays and forwards the request frame, and waits for the RF sensor to perform corresponding processing on the request at this time. In this embodiment, the RF sensor follows the time slot synchronization principle for forwarding the request frame. Within the same valid time slot period, the path detection request frame of the same target address in a single network is only forwarded once.

[0045] After receiving the first request frame, the RF sensor determines whether to continue forwarding according to the data parameters included in the request frame. In this embodiment, the RF sensor can process less than 3 request frames in parallel. Whether the request frame continues to be forwarded requires the RF sensor to determine whether the current relay forwarding times are greater than the peak relay forwarding times, and to determine whether the target object of the request frame includes the RF sensor itself. Since the request frame received by the RF sensor can be the signal relayed and forwarded by the previous RF sensor or the signal directly sent by the monitoring node, the signal source can be determined by judging the sending time slot.

[0046] Step 6: The monitoring unit in the first region parses the power data packet and compares the transmission threshold T with the number of power data packets.

[0047] During the operation of the power system, the load intensities in different regions are different. For the power carrier communication network of the CAN bus, the data transceiver efficiency that a single monitoring node can handle per unit time is limited. And using information processing with multiple relaying and forwarding will inevitably increase the load on the communication resident server. Therefore, in this embodiment, a transmission threshold T is set, and the transmission threshold T is the maximum number of power data packets that the monitoring nodes in the region can handle. If i ≤ T, it means that the number of power data packets sent by multiple radio frequency sensors is within the range that the monitoring nodes in this region can process, and the monitoring nodes can process these power data packets without data redundancy, ensuring stable high-quality communication behavior. If i > T, it means that the number of power data packets sent by multiple radio frequency sensors is outside the range that the monitoring nodes in this user monitoring region can process, and the monitoring nodes may generate data redundancy or significant time delay when processing these power data packets, unable to ensure stable high-quality communication behavior. Therefore, based on the characteristics of the radio frequency sensing technology, when i ≤ T, step 7 is entered; otherwise, step 8 is entered.

[0048] Step 7: The monitoring unit in the first region sends i power data packets to the resident server. The i power data packets can be processed by the monitoring unit in the first region. After the monitoring node receives the power data packets, it reads the data information of the power data packets through the radio frequency identifier and stores it in the terminal memory, and then enters step 10.

[0049] Step 8: The monitoring unit in the first region transmits T power data packets to the resident server and broadcasts a second request frame. The i power data packets cannot be processed by the monitoring unit in the first region. The monitoring node selects T power data packets from the i power data packets according to the selection rule for processing, reads the data information of the power data packets through the radio frequency identifier, and stores it in the terminal memory.

[0050] In this embodiment, the selection rule is based on the queue transmission timing priority. The power data packets that arrive at the monitoring node first have higher priority, and the remaining j power data packets enter the waiting sequence.

[0051] Step 9: The monitoring unit in the second region responds to the second request frame and broadcasts a third request frame. The j radio frequency sensors send j power data packets to the monitoring node g in the second state, where j = T - i, and then enter step 10.

[0052] At a specific moment, the monitoring unit in the second region is in a non-full load state, and the idle load can support the monitoring unit to start the omnidirectional antenna to listen to the channel, so as to receive the request frame.

[0053] Step 10: The resident server uses an RFID to parse the identification code in the data packet and obtain real-time power data. The RFID is used to read the identification code in the power data packet sent by the RFID. In this embodiment, RF sensors in any area of the power system are encoded with a pseudo-random sequence, which uniquely identifies the area to which the RF sensor belongs. The RFID parses the received power data packet to obtain the data transmission time, transmission area, transmitting RF sensor code, and power data. Based on the actual application scenario, the parsed data can be used to obtain real-time power data. Embodiment 2

[0054] This embodiment details a method in which, when a monitoring unit broadcasts a second request frame, the monitoring unit in the second area responds to the second request frame and completes time synchronization.

[0055] A monitoring unit x is arranged in area m. Multiple RF sensors receive the first request frame of monitoring unit x in any communication cycle and transmit the power data packet to monitoring unit x. Monitoring unit x broadcasts the second request frame in the area. The second request frame can be used as a time synchronization request. Monitoring unit y in the second area responds to the second request frame and responds to the time synchronization request. Figure 2 , the process is divided into two stages.

[0056] Phase 1: The monitoring unit y in the second area opens the listening channel and receives the second request frame. The monitoring unit x initiates a time synchronization request in any request to ensure that the monitoring unit y can receive at least one request frame in the current listening cycle. The antenna of the monitoring unit y contains f i (i=1,2,3…n) beams, then the time of the request frame received by the monitoring unit x within the range of the nearest beam is t0, t0=t re +t pr , where t re is the transmission time between monitoring unit y receiving the second request frame and monitoring unit x sending the second request frame, t re is the maximum propagation delay of the second request frame.

[0057] Monitoring unit y traverses from beam f1 to f n , if in a certain beam f j The second request frame is detected within (1≤j≤n), and the monitoring unit y reads the sequence number in the second request frame to determine whether the current second request frame is the last request frame broadcast by the beam position. If so, the monitoring unit y feeds back a response frame to the monitoring unit x and enters the second stage; if not, it means that the second request frame received at the beam position cannot complete time synchronization, and the monitoring unit y continues to receive the second request frame from the beam position. j The location traversal listens for the second request frame.

[0058] The second stage: The monitoring unit y feeds back an acknowledgment frame to the monitoring unit x and, under beam f, the monitoring unit y randomly backs off for a time length of t1. During this time length t1, the monitoring unit y no longer turns on the listening channel. After receiving the acknowledgment frame, the monitoring unit x completes the handshake with multiple radio frequency sensors and transmits the power data packet to the monitoring unit y. j Beam f, the monitoring unit y randomly backs off for a time length of t1. During this time length t1, the monitoring unit y no longer turns on the listening channel. After receiving the acknowledgment frame, the monitoring unit x completes the handshake with multiple radio frequency sensors and transmits the power data packet to the monitoring unit y. Embodiment III

[0059] Referring to Figure 3 , a monitoring device for implementing a power monitoring method based on a customer premise network, comprising: a monitoring unit, a resident server, a monitoring node, a radio frequency sensor, a radio frequency identifier, and a terminal memory. The monitoring unit includes a monitoring node and a terminal memory. The monitoring unit controls the data transceiver of the monitoring node, determines the area type where the monitoring node is located at the current moment, and periodically stores the service data table. The resident server broadcasts the service data table and controls the data transceiver of the communication network within the area. The monitoring node processes the power data packet of the radio frequency sensor. The radio frequency sensor reads the current power data information. The radio frequency identifier is used to read the unique identification code of the real-time power data and determine the entity area corresponding to the real-time power data.

[0060] In this embodiment, preferably, the radio frequency sensor includes three modules: a radio frequency tag, a radio frequency reader, and a data processing device. Referring to Figure 4 , data exchange occurs between the radio frequency reader and the tag for full-duplex data transceiver communication, and the radio frequency reader provides energy for the tag, and the radio frequency reader controls the reading timing of the tag. The radio frequency reader is connected to the data processing system. In the working state, the radio frequency tag sends the sensed and read content to the radio frequency reader through the passive backscattering mechanism. The communication process between the radio frequency tag and the reader is executed according to the EPC protocol. Within the communication coverage range of the radio frequency tag, an instruction is sent to the radio frequency tag through the carrier wave to change the state of the radio frequency tag, and after the query instruction, data is sent to the radio frequency tag through the radio frequency reader. After receiving the reader query instruction, the tag feeds back information through the RN16 signal response, and the radio frequency reader sends a corresponding ACK instruction to read the CRC code and timing information of the radio frequency tag.

[0061] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A power monitoring method based on a customer premises network, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Step 1: Arrange n monitoring nodes and m RF sensors in multiple regions of the power system, where m > n. Any one monitoring node conducts data transceiver with multiple RF sensors; Step 2: During a communication cycle, the resident server broadcasts the service data table, and the monitoring unit receives and stores the service data table; Step 3: The monitoring unit determines the region type where the monitoring node is located at the current moment based on the bandwidth peak standard and sets a corresponding transmission threshold T; Step 4: At least one RF sensor acquires the real-time power data of the current object, assigns a unique identification code to the real-time power data, and generates a power data packet; Step 5: The monitoring unit in the first region broadcasts a first request frame, and i RF sensors send i power data packets to the monitoring unit in the first state; Step 6: The monitoring unit in the first region analyzes the power data packet, compares the transmission threshold T with the number of power data packets. If i ≤ T, go to Step 7; otherwise, go to Step 8; Step 7: The monitoring unit h in the first region sends i power data packets to the resident server and enters Step 10; Step 8: The monitoring unit h in the first region transmits T power data packets to the resident server and broadcasts a second request frame as a time synchronization request; Step 9: The monitoring unit g in the second region responds to the second request frame, responds to the time synchronization request, and broadcasts a third request frame. j RF sensors send j power data packets to the monitoring unit g in the second region, where j = i - T, and enter Step 10; Step 10: The resident server analyzes the identification code of the data packet through the RFID reader to obtain the real-time power data.

2. The power monitoring method based on a customer premises network according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power system is a resident low-voltage substation.

3. The power monitoring method based on a customer premises network according to claim 1, characterized in that, The RF sensor is an RFID terminal device with the function of collecting power data information. The real-time power data obtained by multiple RF sensors can be analyzed by the monitoring node, and the RF sensors conduct data transceiver in the first state or the second state respectively.

4. The power monitoring method based on the customer premises network according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first state is passive communication, which completes short-distance communication by capturing the signal in the CAN bus; the second state is active communication, which completes long-distance communication through a power supply device.

5. The power monitoring method based on a customer premises network according to claim 1, characterized in that According to the service schedule, it is determined that the monitoring unit h is in the first region and the monitoring unit g is in the second region.

6. The power monitoring method based on the customer premises network according to claim 1, wherein The monitoring node is a convergence node. Multiple monitoring nodes and the resident server form a wireless sensor network, and the monitoring nodes build an instant communication network through self-organizing networking.

7. The power monitoring method based on the customer premise network according to claim 1, wherein The transmission threshold T is the maximum value of the power data packets that the monitoring node can analyze and transceiver within a communication cycle.

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