Planting Method of Rhizomatous Plants in Lake and Reservoir Buffer Zones

Abstract

A planting method for rhizome plants in the buffer zone of lakes and reservoirs, which relates to the technical field of ecosystem construction, specifically to the technical field of ecosystem construction in the buffer zone of lakes and reservoirs. The present invention solves the problems of poor recovery ability of rhizome plants and low interception efficiency of non-point source pollution during the restoration of the existing buffer zone of lakes and reservoirs. The planting method described in the present invention includes: digging multiple mutually parallel planting trenches with a depth of 30 cm along the contour line on the shoreline at the edge of the lake or reservoir; longitudinally laying a layer of corn straw at the bottom of each planting trench, 10 cm above the bottom of the trench, and 20 cm above the bottom of the trench in sequence; backfilling the subsoil between adjacent layers of corn straw; backfilling the topsoil with a thickness of 5 cm above the uppermost layer of corn straw, then evenly laying multiple plant rhizomes, and then backfilling the planting trench with topsoil to cover the rhizomes to complete the planting. The planting method for rhizome plants in the buffer zone of lakes and reservoirs has a wide application prospect in the fields of environmental protection, ecological restoration and landscape construction of lakes and reservoirs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecosystem construction, specifically to the technical field of ecosystem construction of lake and reservoir buffer zones. Background Art

[0002] The lake and reservoir buffer zone is located between the water bodies of lakes and reservoirs and terrestrial ecosystems such as nearshore cultivated land. It is an important habitat for aquatic plants and animals and waterfowl, and is also an important channel for surface runoff and non-point source pollutants on the slope to enter the lake and reservoir. Affected by human activities such as agricultural reclamation, overgrazing, road construction, and tourism, the lake and reservoir buffer zone has been damaged to a certain extent. Driven by the protection of water sources and the construction of ecological civilization in the basin life community, the protection and vegetation restoration of the buffer zone have received increasing attention. However, at present, the restoration of the buffer zone mainly focuses on returning farmland to forest or grassland, and some forage or flower plants are sown more. More attention is paid to the coverage of buffer zone plants, and insufficient attention is paid to the restoration of the ecological environment function of the buffer zone, especially the lack of targeted design for non-point source pollution interception function during plant restoration. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of poor restoration ability and low non-point source pollution control efficiency during the plant restoration of the existing lake and reservoir buffer zone.

[0004] The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A planting method for rhizome plants in a lake and reservoir buffer zone, comprising:

[0006] Before the germination of plants in spring, on the shoreline at the edge of the lake and reservoir, dig multiple parallel planting trenches along the contour line. The depth of the planting trenches is 30 - 35 cm, the width is 25 - 30 cm, and they are dug vertically to the ground plane. The excavated soil is placed in layers on both sides of the planting trenches; the spacing between adjacent planting trenches is 50 - 80 cm;

[0007] Inside each planting trench, lay a layer of corn straw longitudinally at the bottom of the trench, 10 cm above the bottom of the trench, and 20 cm above the bottom of the trench in sequence; backfill the subsoil between adjacent layers of corn straw; backfill the topsoil with a thickness of 4 - 5 cm above the topmost layer of corn straw, and then evenly lay the plant rhizomes on the center line of the trench. The plant rhizomes are placed along the contour line direction, and the length of each rhizome is 30 - 35 cm. The spacing between adjacent rhizomes is 30 - 35 cm. Then backfill the topsoil into the planting trench to cover the rhizomes to complete the planting.

[0008] Further, a preferred implementation method is provided: The specific method of placing the excavated soil on both sides of the planting trench is: stack the topsoil with a depth of 0 - 10 cm dug out on one side of the planting trench, and stack the subsoil with a depth of 10 - 30 cm on the other side of the planting trench.

[0009] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided: the edge line of the planting trench is arc-shaped and parallel to the contour line.

[0010] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided: the plant rhizome is the creeping root of the plant.

[0011] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided: the rhizome of the plant refers to one or more of reed, cattail, and calamus.

[0012] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided: the rhizome is soaked in the lake or reservoir water for 2 - 3 days before planting.

[0013] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided: the corn straw is the whole unrotted straw with leaves and branches removed. The length of each corn straw is 1.5 - 1.8 m, the outer diameter of the thick end is 2.5 - 3.0 cm, and the outer diameter of the thin end is 1.0 - 1.5 cm.

[0014] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided: each layer of the corn straw is longitudinally and continuously laid along the extension direction of the planting trench. The longitudinal continuous laying means that within the same layer, the corn straws are placed in a way that the thick ends and the thin ends are butt-jointed in sequence along the extension direction of the planting trench; transversely, the corn straws are placed in a way that the thick and thin ends are staggered.

[0015] Furthermore, a preferred embodiment is provided: among the corn straws in the same layer, the distance between adjacent two corn straws is 1 cm, and 6 - 10 corn straws are placed in each layer transversely.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0017] First, the present invention adopts the method of opening trenches along the contour line to achieve the purpose of directional soil loosening, guide the roots to extend rapidly in a specific direction, and promote the proliferation of plants in rows.

[0018] Second, the present invention adopts the method of directionally laying and burying the corn straw in layers to create large pores distributed in multiple layers and horizontally, increase the infiltration of surface runoff on the slope, promote the lateral migration and conduction of water and pollutants, strengthen the interception efficiency of the buffer zone for non-point source pollution on the slope, and organically combine the restoration of buffer zone plants with the interception of non-point source pollution, so that the ecological and environmental benefits are coordinated.

[0019] Third, the rhizome plants selected in the present invention have a wide variety, fast proliferation, strong adaptability to the lake and reservoir shoreline environment with large water level fluctuations, and great promotion potential.

[0020] IV. The present invention adopts the planting trench method, which not only improves the physical and chemical properties of the local soil, promotes the rapid growth of plants, and forms densely growing plants in rows on the ground surface, but also increases the surface roughness due to soil loosening and vegetation restoration, enhances the interception of surface runoff and sediment on the slope surface, reduces the velocity of surface runoff, increases infiltration, and alleviates water erosion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic plan view of the lake-reservoir buffer zone according to the present invention in an actual scenario, and the buffer zone is located between a lake / reservoir bay and farmland;

[0022] Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic cross-sectional view of the planting trench described in Embodiment 1;

[0023] In the figure:

[0024] A is the width of the planting trench, which is 25 - 30 cm;

[0025] B is the spacing between adjacent layers of corn straws, which is 10 - 12 cm;

[0026] B1 is the distance between the rootstock and the upper layer of corn straws, which is 4 - 5 cm;

[0027] C is the corn straw;

[0028] D is the rootstock;

[0029] Figure 3 FIG. is a schematic longitudinal-sectional view of the planting trench described in Embodiment 1;

[0030] In the figure:

[0031] E is the length of a single corn straw, which is 150 - 180 cm;

[0032] G is the length of a single rootstock, which is 30 - 35 cm;

[0033] H is the distance between adjacent rootstocks, which is 30 - 35 cm. DETAILED IMPLEMENTATION MANNER

[0034] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the examples of the present invention.

[0035] Embodiment 1. In combination with Figures 1 - 3 , this embodiment provides a planting method for rhizome plants in a lake-reservoir buffer zone, and the planting method includes:

[0036] Before the spring plants germinate, on the shoreline of the lake or reservoir edge, dig multiple parallel planting trenches along the contour line. The depth of the planting trench is 30 - 35 cm, the width is 25 - 30 cm, and it is excavated perpendicular to the ground plane. The dug soil is placed in layers on both sides of the planting trench. The spacing between adjacent planting trenches is 50 - 80 cm.

[0037] Inside each planting trench, lay a layer of corn straw longitudinally at the bottom of the trench, 10 cm above the bottom of the trench, and 20 cm above the bottom of the trench in sequence. Backfill the subsoil between adjacent layers of corn straw. Backfill the topsoil with a thickness of 4 - 5 cm above the topmost layer of corn straw, and then evenly lay the plant rhizomes on the center line of the trench. The plant rhizomes are placed along the contour line direction, and the length of each plant rhizome is 30 - 35 cm. The spacing between adjacent plant rhizomes is 30 - 35 cm. Then backfill the topsoil into the planting trench to cover the plant rhizomes and complete the planting.

[0038] The planting method described in this embodiment utilizes the principle of the dependence of landform - water gradient on the shoreline of the lake or reservoir. By means of opening trenches along the contour line, relatively uniform water level fluctuations and flooding conditions are created. Affected by heavy rain, the water level of the lake or reservoir fluctuates to a certain extent during the growing season, and different plants are suitable for different water levels. Therefore, contour planting can overcome the influence of water level changes on the growth of the same type of plants and create relatively suitable habitat conditions.

[0039] The planting method described in this embodiment utilizes the principle of the conduction of water and pollutants in the soil. By means of directional loosening of the soil and layered landfill of corn straw, multi - layer and horizontally thick pores are created, increasing the infiltration of surface runoff, inducing the lateral migration and conduction of water and pollutants, and increasing the adsorption and fixation of pollutants by soil particles and plant roots. Thus, the effect of strengthening the interception of non - point source pollution on the slope by the buffer zone is achieved.

[0040] Embodiment 2: This embodiment further limits the planting method of the rhizome plants in the buffer zone of the lake or reservoir provided in Embodiment 1. The specific method of placing the dug soil on both sides of the planting trench is: pile up the topsoil with a depth of 0 - 10 cm dug out on one side of the planting trench, and pile up the subsoil with a depth of 10 - 30 cm on the other side of the planting trench.

[0041] In this embodiment, the placement method of the dug soil is limited, that is: pile up the dug topsoil and subsoil on both sides of the planting trench respectively, which can facilitate subsequent layered backfilling. This can ensure that the topsoil can be backfilled to the layer where the plant rhizomes are located, achieving "special soil for special use". The topsoil has a relatively high organic matter content, high soil maturity, good physical and chemical properties, and a high abundance of microbial populations, which is suitable for plant growth.

[0042] Embodiment 3. This embodiment further limits a method for planting rhizome plants in a lake - reservoir buffer zone provided in Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the edge line of the planting trench is arc - shaped and parallel to the contour line.

[0043] During the storm runoff process, surface runoff and soil particles have the characteristic of flowing / moving downward. The plants restored in rows along the contour are perpendicular to the water flow direction, achieving the maximum effect of reducing the kinetic energy of water flow, dispersing the water flow, reducing the flow velocity, increasing runoff infiltration and sediment interception. Moreover, the edge line parallel to the contour line changes the micro - topography of the slope, transforming the slope line from a relatively smooth curve into a wavy curve, forming a large number of shallow depressions on the slope, increasing the slope roughness, prolonging the ponding process during rainstorms, delaying the runoff generation time, reducing the runoff volume and sediment loss, and reducing the water erosion intensity and non - point source pollution transport load. Planting plants in rows along the contour can also increase soil water content and maintain soil moisture, improving the survival rate and biomass of plants.

[0044] Embodiment 4. This embodiment further limits a method for planting rhizome plants in a lake - reservoir buffer zone provided in Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the plant rhizome is the creeping root of the plant.

[0045] The rhizome is the creeping rhizome of wet - land and aquatic plants with well - developed rhizomes. It is dug out before the plants germinate in spring and cut into small sections. It is best to ensure that each section has at least 3 nodules and an appropriate amount of fibrous roots. Rhizomes are unique reproductive organs of some plants, with strong reproductive and adaptability. Selecting these rhizome plants as pioneer species can promote the rapid establishment and expansion of buffer zone plants. In actual operation, after digging out these rhizomes, they need to be cut into small sections of 30 cm in length. The purpose of dividing the roots is mainly to increase the number of propagules and facilitate transportation and planting. In addition, it is also very important to ensure that each section has at least 3 nodules and an appropriate amount of fibrous roots. Nodules are special tissues that play an important role in the growth process of plants, including storing nutrients, absorbing water, etc.; while fibrous roots are important organs for plants to absorb water and nutrients. Therefore, when selecting rhizomes and cutting them into small sections, it is necessary to ensure that each section has at least 3 nodules and an appropriate amount of fibrous roots, which can ensure the germination and proliferation of plants and improve the survival rate.

[0046] Embodiment 5. This embodiment further limits a method for planting rhizome plants in a lake - reservoir buffer zone provided in Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the plant rhizome refers to one or more of reed, cattail, and calamus.

[0047] Plants with well-developed rhizomes belong to perennial deciduous, rhizomatous, hygrophytic and aquatic herbaceous plants. They have long and well-developed roots, thick rhizomes with fibrous roots, and mainly rely on the extension and multiplication of creeping rhizomes. Root division transplantation is the main propagation method, which is simple to operate, low in cost and high in survival rate. Typical examples are reed, cattail and calamus. These plants grow rapidly, have strong reproductive ability, are drought-tolerant, flood-tolerant and barren-tolerant, and are easy to form dominant species. The above-ground stems of these plants develop thick aerenchyma tissues, which can transmit oxygen in the air to the soil and water bodies, have strong adaptability to the flooded environment with large water level fluctuations, and have good bank protection effects. The dense branches and leaves can also provide a concealed environment for waterfowl to build nests, with good ecological and environmental benefits.

[0048] In the actual planting process, the rhizome plants can be planted alone, or two or more species can be mixed and planted.

[0049] Embodiment 6: This embodiment further limits the planting method of the rhizome plants in the lake-reservoir buffer zone provided in Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the rhizomes are soaked in the lake-reservoir water for 2-3 days before planting.

[0050] This embodiment utilizes the water absorption ability and rapid growth characteristics of plants. In the natural environment, hygrophytic and aquatic plants usually require certain water conditions to grow, and soaking in water can stimulate the dormant rhizomes, enabling them to end dormancy and quickly enter the growth stage, promoting germination and growth. At the same time, the rhizomes need to absorb a certain amount of soil moisture for germination, and the soil is dry in spring. Soaking the rhizomes in water can provide sufficient water conditions for the rhizomes, ensuring rapid germination after planting. In addition, soaking the rhizomes in water before planting can also inactivate parasitic insects and fungi, prevent root rot, and improve the survival rate of plants.

[0051] Embodiment 7: This embodiment further limits the planting method of the rhizome plants in the lake-reservoir buffer zone provided in Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, the corn straw is the whole unrotted straw with leaves and branches removed. The length of each corn straw is 1.5-1.8 m, the outer diameter of the thick end is 2.5-3.0 cm, and the outer diameter of the thin end is 1.0-1.5 cm.

[0052] In practical applications, it is best to select the whole plant straw that was harvested one year ago and has not rotted. The unrotted corn straw without leaves and branches has a relatively thick diameter and high strength. After being buried in the soil, it is not easy to deform and has good characteristics of loosening the soil. Moreover, the outer skin structure of the corn straw is compact, hard, thick in fiber, and rich in lignin, so it is not easy to rot in the soil and can maintain the shape of the thick straw for a long time. While the stem pith structure is loose, less lignin, and easy to rot. In this way, a large number of thick multi-layer conduits can be formed in the soil profile, which can promote the migration of water and pollutants in the soil. The carbon released by the slowly decomposing straw provides a carbon source for denitrification and promotes the microbial degradation of nitrogen-containing pollutants intercepted by the soil. Plant roots have obvious hydrotropism and porotropism. The soil around the straw is loose and has a high water content, which is conducive to the extension of plant roots and stems and promotes the growth of plants.

[0053] Embodiment 8: This embodiment further limits the method for planting rhizome plants in a lake-reservoir buffer zone provided in Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, each layer of the corn straw is longitudinally and continuously laid along the extension direction of the planting ditch. The longitudinal continuous laying means that within the same layer, the corn straws are sequentially placed in a way that the thick ends and the thick ends are butted and the thin ends and the thin ends are butted along the extension direction of the planting ditch; horizontally, the corn straws are placed in a way that the thick and thin ends are staggered.

[0054] Each layer of corn straw is placed in a way that the thick ends and the thick ends and the thin ends and the thin ends are sequentially butted longitudinally, which can form large pores with sufficient length and relatively gentle pore size changes of the large pores, which is beneficial to the stability of the large pores and promotes the migration and conduction of water and pollutants.

[0055] Horizontally, the thick and thin ends are placed in a staggered manner, which can keep the intervals between each layer of corn straw uniform, promote the relatively uniform distribution density of the large pores, and is beneficial to the interception and degradation of water and pollutants.

[0056] Embodiment 9: This embodiment further limits the method for planting rhizome plants in a lake-reservoir buffer zone provided in Embodiment 1. In this embodiment, among the corn straws in the same layer, the distance between two adjacent corn straws is 1 cm, and 6 - 10 straws are placed horizontally in each layer.

[0057] The horizontal distance between two adjacent straws is 1 cm, which makes the gaps between each layer of corn straw as uniform as possible on the premise of ensuring the connectivity of the large pores, is beneficial to the stability of the pores, and reduces the influence of the heterogeneity of pore size and distribution density on the interception and degradation of water and pollutants.

[0058] Placing 6 - 10 straws horizontally in each layer can form a stable and properly dense large pore structure; and an appropriate number of straws can control the decomposition rate of the buried corn straw, improve the stability of the large pores and the persistence of the pollutant removal effect.

[0059] In summary, by adopting the method of docking the thick - thick ends and thin - thin ends vertically in sequence and staggering the thick and thin ends horizontally, with a horizontal spacing of 1 cm between two adjacent straws at the same layer and about 6 - 10 straws placed in each layer, a stable and effective macroporous structure can be formed, improving the migration and conduction ability of water and pollutants in the soil and promoting the interception and degradation of non - point source pollutants.

[0060] Embodiment Ten: Refer to Figures 1 to 3 , when carrying out vegetation restoration on the buffer zone of Wangyaopu section of Erlongshan Reservoir on the Dongliao River in the spring of 2022 (mid - April), the planting method described in the present invention is adopted in the Wangyaopu section of the reservoir, and the planting method for making the buffer zone of Wangyaopu section with reeds is as follows:

[0061] Step 1. Determine the positions and spacings of the trenches: Starting from the water level line, determine 3 planting trenches in sequence. The extension direction of each planting trench is parallel to the contour line. Each planting trench is 10 m long, and the distance between the nearest trench edge lines is 60 cm;

[0062] Step 2. Dig the trenches: Adopt the method of manual trenching. Use a cylindrical spade to dig trenches perpendicular to the ground plane. The width of the trench is 30 cm and the depth is 30 cm; the parent material is silty mud, and the upper and lower layers are relatively uniform. The excavated soil is piled on both sides of the trench (not stratified);

[0063] Step 3. Place the corn straws and reed roots in layers and backfill in layers: Spread the pre - prepared smooth corn straws flat on the bottom of the trench. The horizontal spacing between adjacent straws is about 1 cm. The thick and thin ends of adjacent two straws are staggered horizontally. 7 straws are laid in each layer; Connect the straws in sequence along the extension direction (longitudinal) of the planting trench until the whole planting trench is covered; Then backfill the excavated soil to a depth of 20 cm; After leveling the bottom of the trench, lay corn straws according to the above method and backfill to a depth of 10 cm; After leveling the bottom of the trench, lay corn straws according to the above method and backfill to a depth of 5 cm; Spread the pre - prepared reed roots (30 cm in length) longitudinally on the center line of the trench. The distance between two reed root systems is 30 cm, and then backfill with soil until it is flush with the surrounding ground; After completing the landfill of straws and planting of reed roots in the 3 planting trenches, insert signboards, and the planting of rhizome plants in the lake - reservoir buffer zone is completed.

[0064] The length of the planting trench described in Step 1 is 10 m, and the distance between the nearest trench edge lines is 60 cm.

[0065] The width of the planting trench described in Step 2 is 30 cm and the depth is 30 cm.

[0066] The corn straws described in Step 3 are smooth corn straws harvested in the previous year, with the leaves and branches removed, 1.5 - 1.8 m in length, the outer diameter of the thick end is about 3.0 cm, and the outer diameter of the thin end is about 1.5 cm.

[0067] The landfill depths of the corn straws described in Step 3 are 30 cm, 20 cm, and 10 cm respectively. They are placed horizontally in each layer, with the thick and thin ends staggered, and the lateral spacing of the straws is about 1 cm.

[0068] When landfilling the corn straws described in Step 3, the straws are connected in sequence within each layer longitudinally, and the connection methods of thick-thick ends and thin-thin ends are adopted.

[0069] The plant variety described in Step 3 is reed.

[0070] Within 1 - 2 days before planting in Step 3, the underground living roots of the reed are dug out, cut into small sections with a length of 30 cm, and each section has 3 - 4 nodules. They are bundled and packed in a woven bag to obtain reed rhizomes.

[0071] The planting depth of the reed roots described in Step 3 is 5 cm.

[0072] According to the monitoring, the retention rate of the reeds planted by trench digging at the end of the growth period in spring is 28 plants / m 2 , while the retention rate of the reeds not planted by trench digging at the end of the growth period in the same year is 17 plants / m 2 , proving that the planting method described in the present invention can effectively improve the retention rate of reeds.

Claims

1. Planting method of rhizome plants in the buffer zone of lakes and reservoirs, characterized in that, The described planting method includes: Before the germination of plants in spring, on the shoreline at the edge of the lake or reservoir, dig multiple parallel planting trenches along the contour line. The depth of the planting trenches is 30 - 35 cm, the width is 25 - 30 cm, and they are excavated perpendicular to the ground plane. The excavated soil is placed in layers on both sides of the planting trenches; the spacing between adjacent planting trenches is 50 - 80 cm; Inside each planting trench, lay a layer of corn straw longitudinally at the bottom of the trench, 10 cm above the bottom of the trench, and 20 cm above the bottom of the trench in sequence; backfill the subsoil between adjacent layers of corn straw; backfill the topsoil with a thickness of 4 - 5 cm above the topmost layer of corn straw, and then evenly lay the plant rhizomes on the center line of the trench. The plant rhizomes are placed along the contour line direction, and the length of each plant rhizome is 30 - 35 cm. The spacing between adjacent plant rhizomes is 30 - 35 cm. Then backfill the topsoil into the planting trench to cover the plant rhizomes to complete the planting; The edge line of the planting trench is arc-shaped and parallel to the contour line; Each layer of the corn straw is longitudinally continuously laid along the extension direction of the planting trench; the longitudinal continuous laying means that within the same layer, the corn straw is placed in sequence in a way that the thick - thick ends and the thin - thin ends are butted against each other along the extension direction of the planting trench; transversely, the corn straw is placed in a way that the thick and thin ends are staggered; Among the corn straw in the same layer, the spacing between adjacent two corn straw is 1.0 - 1.5 cm, and 6 - 10 corn straw are placed in each transverse layer.

2. The planting method of rhizomatous plants in the lake-reservoir buffer zone according to claim 1, wherein The specific method of placing the excavated soil on both sides of the planting trench is: pile the topsoil with a depth of 0 - 10 cm on one side of the planting trench, and pile the subsoil with a depth of 10 - 30 cm on the other side of the planting trench.

3. The planting method of rhizome plants in the lake reservoir buffer zone according to claim 1 is characterized in that, The plant rhizomes are the creeping roots of plants.

4. The planting method of rhizome plants in the lake-reservoir buffer zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant rhizomes refer to one or more of reed, cattail, and calamus.

5. The planting method of rhizomatous plants in the lake-reservoir buffer zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant rhizomes are soaked in the lake or reservoir water for 2 - 3 days before planting.

6. The planting method of rhizomatous plants in the lake-reservoir buffer zone according to claim 1, characterized in that, The corn straw is the whole plant straw without leaves and branches and not yet decayed. The length of each corn straw is 1.5 - 1.8 m, the outer diameter of the thick end is 2.5 - 3.0 cm, and the outer diameter of the thin end is 1.0 - 1.5 cm.

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