Cutting tool

Abstract

The invention relates to a cutting tool comprising a support body and a cBN or PCD cutting edge tip, wherein the cBN or PCD cutting edge tip is connected to the support body by a brazing joint of 5-150 pm thickness, the support body is a cemented carbide comprising 3-25 wt% of a metallic binder, optionally up to 25 wt% of a carbide or carbonitride of one or more elements of group 4, 5 or 6 of the periodic table, and the remainder WC, wherein the metallic binder comprises at least 40 wt% of Ni, and wherein the brazing joint comprises in order from the support body: a first layer of TiC, immediately adjacent to the support body, having an average thickness of 10-400 nm; a second layer having an average thickness of 0.5-8 pm comprising on average at least 5 wt% of the metal Ni, on average 25-60 wt% of the metal Cu and on average 15-45 wt% of the metal Ti; and a third layer having an average thickness of 4-145 pm comprising the metal Ag and the metal Cu.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a cutting tool comprising a support body and a cBN or PCD cutting edge tip. BACKGROUND

[0002] The use of cubic boron nitride (cBN) has developed into a routine machining solution since its introduction as a cutting tool material in the 1980s. Application areas include hardened steel, cast iron, heat resistant super alloys (HRSA) and powdered metals. These workpiece materials have in common that they are generally considered difficult to machine. Cutting tools of cBN material can withstand high cutting temperatures and cutting forces and still maintain its cutting edge. This is the reason why cBN provides long and consistent tool life and produces parts with excellent surface finish.

[0003] Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) is a composite material of diamond particles sintered together with a metallic binder. Diamond is the hardest and therefore most wear resistant of all materials. As a cutting tool material it has good wear resistance but lacks chemical stability at high temperatures and is susceptible to dissolution in iron. Therefore, PCD tools are limited to non-ferrous materials such as high-silicon aluminium, metal matrix composites (MMC) and carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP). PCD can also be used for titanium superfinishing applications with flood coolant.

[0004] When used in cutting tools, cBN or PCD usually only constitutes a part of the cutting tool, e.g. a cutting insert, more specifically the part that is involved in the cutting operation, e.g. the tip part. Thus, the tip of cBN or PCD is connected to a support body, which is usually of cemented carbide.

[0005] Brazing material in the form of paste, foil or wire is used to bond the cBN tip or PCD tip to the cemented carbide support body. The aim is to provide a strong bond between the support body and the cBN tip or PCD tip.

[0006] The cemented carbide support body is composed of WC hard grains in a metallic binder. One type of binder is based on nickel as the main component.

[0007] Invention aims

[0008] It is an object of the present invention to provide a cutting tool having a cBN cutting edge tip or a PCD cutting edge tip brazed to a support body of cemented carbide having a metallic binder comprising at least 40 wt% Ni, wherein the cutting edge tip is brazed by a new type of brazing joint that provides excellent bond strength, thereby prolonging tool life.

[0009] A "cutting tool" herein refers to a cutting tool for metal cutting applications, such as an insert or an end mill. The field of metal cutting applications is suitably either turning or milling.

[0010] At least one of these objects is achieved by a cutting tool according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments are listed in the dependent claims. SUMMARY

[0011] The cutting tool according to the invention comprises a support body and a cBN or PCD cutting edge tip, wherein the cBN or PCD cutting edge tip is connected to the support body by a brazing joint of 5-150 pm thickness, the support body is cemented carbide, the cemented carbide comprises 3-25 wt% of a metallic binder, optionally up to 25 wt% of a carbide or carbonitride of one or more elements of group 4, 5 or 6 of the periodic table, and the rest WC, wherein the metallic binder comprises at least 40 wt% of Ni, and wherein the brazing joint comprises in order from the support body: a first layer of TiC, located immediately adjacent to the support body, having an average thickness of 10-400 nm; a second layer having an average thickness of 0.5-8 pm, comprising on average at least 5 wt% of the metal Ni, on average 25-60 wt% of the metal Cu and on average 15-45 wt% of the metal Ti; and a third layer having an average thickness of 4-145 pm, comprising the metal Ag and the metal Cu.

[0012] Herein, the thickness of the brazing joint or of a layer within the joint is measured in a direction perpendicular to the interface between the support body and the brazing joint.

[0013] The average thickness of the brazing joint or of a layer within the brazing joint is suitably calculated by using one or more cross-sectional images of the brazing joint, taking at least 10 randomly selected measurement points spread over a distance of at least 30 pm, and calculating the average.

[0014] In the present context, "cBN cutting edge tip" means a cutting edge tip of a cBN composite comprising cBN grains and a metallic binder phase and / or a ceramic binder phase comprising, for example, one or more aluminium compounds. The cBN composite can also comprise a ceramic binder phase which can comprise, for example, a nitride, a carbide or a carbonitride of a transition metal of group 4, 5 or 6 or a mixture thereof. For example, the transition metal can be titanium. By varying the components and the relative amounts of the components, the cBN composite can be designed for optimal performance in different applications, for example, in continuous or interrupted cutting, and in the machining of different metals. Known manufacturing methods for cBN composites for metal machining are based on conventional powder metallurgical techniques, which include mixing of raw materials and grinding into a powder mixture, shaping of the powder mixture into a green body, and sintering of the green body at high pressure and high temperature (HPHT sintering) to form a sintered body of the cBN composite. The sintered body of the cBN composite can be formed on a support material, for example, of cemented carbide, or without a support material. The sintered body of the cBN composite is cut into tips intended to be brazed to a cemented carbide base.

[0015] In the present context, "PCD cutting edge tip" means a cutting edge tip of a PCD composite comprising diamond particles sintered together with a metallic binder, typically Co. The content of diamond particles is suitably at least 80 vol.%. The sintered body of the PCD composite can be formed on a support material, for example, of cemented carbide, or without a support material. The sintered body of the PCD composite is cut into tips intended to be brazed to a cemented carbide base.

[0016] In the present context, "cemented carbide" means a sintered material comprising at least 75 wt.% of a hard constituent distributed in a continuous metallic binder phase. The cemented carbide comprises at least 50 wt.% of WC, possible other hard constituents as are common in the art of making cemented carbides, such as carbides and / or carbonitrides of elements of group 4, 5 and 6 of the periodic table, and a metallic binder. The metallic binder of the cemented carbide can comprise elements which are dissolved in the metallic binder during sintering, for example, W and C from WC.

[0017] In the present context, "metallic Ni", "metallic Cu", "metallic Ag", "metallic Ti" and "metallic In" are to be understood as meaning each of the metallic elements Ni, Cu, Ag, Ti and In in a metallic bonding with the same metal or another metal, i.e. the valence electrons are free to move through the metallic lattice.

[0018] In the present context, the brazed joint refers to the area or mass between the cemented carbide part and the cBN or PCD cutting edge filled by the brazing material and formed during the brazing process.

[0019] The metal binder in the cemented carbide of the support body suitably comprises 50-90 wt% Ni, preferably 60-80 wt% Ni.

[0020] In one embodiment, the metal binder in the cemented carbide of the support body comprises 10-20 wt% Fe.

[0021] In one embodiment, the metal binder in the cemented carbide of the support body comprises at most 10 wt% Co.

[0022] In one embodiment, the metal binder in the cemented carbide of the support body comprises 0.1-5 wt% Co.

[0023] In one embodiment, the metal binder in the cemented carbide of the support body comprises <1 wt% Co.

[0024] The metal binder of the cemented carbide further comprises W originating from WC dissolved in the metal binder during sintering. The content of W dissolved in the metal binder depends on the carbon content in the cemented carbide, and the content of W in the metal binder suitably is less than 20 wt%.

[0025] In one embodiment, Cr and / or V are present as dissolved in the metal binder.

[0026] Other elements such as Cu and Mn can be present in the metal binder together with Fe.

[0027] In one embodiment, the content of Ni, Fe, Co and W in the metal binder phase is 80-100 wt%, suitably 90-99 wt%.

[0028] The content of the metal binder in the cemented carbide of the support body suitably is 4-20 wt%, preferably 5-15 wt%.

[0029] The thickness of the brazed joint suitably is 10-100 pm, preferably 10-50 pm.

[0030] During brazing, Ti from the brazing material will react with carbon from the cemented carbide support body and form a layer of TiC immediately adjacent to the support body. The average thickness of the first layer of TiC suitably is 50-300 nm, preferably 100-300 nm.

[0031] In one embodiment, the brazing joint comprises a TiN layer immediately adjacent to the CBN cutting edge tip. The TiN layer suitably has an average thickness of 10-400 nm, preferably 50-300 nm.

[0032] In one embodiment, the brazing joint comprises a TiC layer immediately adjacent to the PCD cutting edge tip. The TiC layer suitably has an average thickness of 10-400 nm, preferably 50-300 nm.

[0033] The second layer suitably comprises an average of at least 10 wt% of the metal Ni, preferably an average of 10-40 wt% of the metal Ni, most preferably an average of 15-30 wt% of the metal Ni.

[0034] The second layer suitably comprises an average of 35-55 wt% of the metal Cu.

[0035] The second layer suitably comprises an average of 25-40 wt% of the metal Ti.

[0036] The sum of the metal Ni, the metal Cu and the metal Ti of the second layer suitably is an average of 70-100 wt%, preferably an average of 80-100 wt%, most preferably an average of 90-100 wt%.

[0037] The second layer suitably has an average thickness of 1-5 μm.

[0038] In one embodiment, the brazing joint further comprises the metal In (indium) in the third layer.

[0039] The sum of the metal Cu and the metal Ag of the third layer suitably is an average of 60-100 wt%, preferably an average of 80-100 wt%, most preferably an average of 90-100 wt%.

[0040] The third layer comprising the metal Ag and the metal Cu suitably comprises an average of 60-80 wt% of the metal Ag and an average of 15-40 wt% of the metal Cu.

[0041] In one embodiment, In is present in a phase comprised in the third layer comprising 80-95 wt% of Ag.

[0042] In one embodiment, the third layer comprises two phases: one phase comprising an average of 30-50 wt% of the metal Cu and an average of 50-70 wt% of the metal Ag, and one phase comprising an average of 5-20 wt% of the metal Cu and an average of 80-95 wt% of the metal Ag.

[0043] The third layer suitably has an average thickness of 8-100 μm, preferably 12-50 μm.

[0044] In one embodiment, there is a Ni-depleted zone in the outermost portion of the support body immediately adjacent to the brazed joint, the average thickness of the Ni-depleted zone preferably being 0.5-5 μm.

[0045] In one embodiment, the cBN cutting edge tip comprises a lower portion of cemented carbide and an upper portion of cBN composite material.

[0046] In one embodiment, the cBN cutting edge tip comprises cBN composite material as a whole.

[0047] In one embodiment, the PCD cutting edge tip comprises a lower portion of cemented carbide and an upper portion of PCD composite material.

[0048] In one embodiment, the PCD cutting edge tip comprises PCD composite material as a whole.

[0049] The cutting tool can be a turning insert, a milling insert or an end mill.

[0050] The cutting tool of the present invention is made by providing a cemented carbide sintered body ("blank") in the form of a cutting insert or an end mill and also providing a cBN or PCD cutting edge tip. The cemented carbide blank has a recess into which the cBN or PCD cutting edge tip is intended to be joined.

[0051] A brazing material in paste form comprising Ag, Cu and Ti is applied on one or both of the recess of the cemented carbide blank and the cBN or PCD cutting edge tip and the recess of the cemented carbide blank and the cBN or PCD cutting edge tip are brought together with the brazing material located between the two components. This forms a joined cutting tool body. Indium (In) can also be included in the brazing material, particularly if brazing is to be carried out at a temperature below 780°C, since In lowers the melting temperature of the brazing material.

[0052] The joined cutting tool body is then heat treated under an inert atmosphere, for example of argon, or under vacuum. The temperature is held at about 800°C when brazing a cBN cutting edge tip and typically about 700°C when brazing a PCD cutting edge tip.

[0053] The duration of the heat treatment is about 5 to about 15 minutes. This treatment forms a cutting tool having a strong brazed joint between the cemented carbide blank and the cBN or PCD cutting edge tip.

[0054] In order to provide a specific brazed joint between the hard metal support body of the invention and the cBN or PCD cutting edge tip in the brazing process, a specific temperature range is needed. During brazing, Ti from the brazing material will react with carbon in the hard metal part and form a TiC layer at the interface between the brazed joint and the hard metal part. If too low temperatures are used, no TiC layer is formed next to the hard metal body and the layer formed containing Ni also becomes very irregular. This will result in a low strength joint between the hard metal body and the cBN or PCD cutting edge tip. On the other hand, if too high temperatures are used in the brazing process, the TiC layer becomes too thick, which makes the TiC layer too brittle and the function as a bonding layer is diminished. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0055] Figure 1 is a general view of a cutting tool, which is a turning insert having a support body part and a cBN / PCD cutting edge tip.

[0056] Figure 2 shows a cross section of a brazed joint of a cutting tool having a cBN cutting edge tip joined to a support body.

[0057] Figure 3 shows an enlarged portion of Figure 2 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS IN THE DRAWINGS

[0058] Figure 1 shows a general view of a cutting tool (1), which is a turning insert having a support body (2) and a cBN / PCD cutting edge tip (3).

[0059] Figure 2 shows a SEM image of a cross section of an embodiment of a brazed joint (4) of a cutting tool of the invention having a hard metal support body (2) and a cBN cutting edge tip (3) joined. The brazed joint (4) contains a layer (5) containing Ni, Cu and Ti and a layer (6) containing Ag and Cu.

[0060] Figure 3 shows Figure 2 an SEM image of an enlarged cross section of

[0061] ​​Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in more detail. Cutting tools (inserts) are prepared, analyzed and tested in a metal cutting operation.

[0062] Example 1 - Manufacture of cutting tool samples:

[0063] A cemented carbide cutting insert blank was made from a powder mixture consisting of 4.89 wt% Ni, 0.83 wt% Fe and the balance WC. The powder mixture was milled using milling bodies of WC-Co based cemented carbide, dried, pressed into the insert geometry DCGW11T308 and sintered at 1410 °C.

[0064] The binder content in the cemented carbide was confirmed to be about 6.1 wt%. The sintered cemented carbide contained about 4.9 wt% Ni, 0.8 wt% Fe and 0.4 wt% Co as part of the metallic binder phase. The metallic binder phase itself contained about 75 wt% Ni, 13 wt% Fe, 3 wt% Co and 9 wt% W. The dissolved W originated from the WC grains. The Co originated mainly from the milling bodies of WC-Co based cemented carbide that were worn during milling of the raw powder mixture. No free graphite or eta phase was visible in SEM micrographs of cross sections of the cemented carbide matrix.

[0065] A recess intended for a cBN tip was made at the tip portion of the cutting insert blank. The cutting insert blank now formed a support body for a cBN cutting edge tip. Two types of cBN cutting edge tips were provided. The first type (cBN 1) was made from a powder mixture of cBN and TiN pressed into the geometry S01020 and sintered. The sintered blank contained 47 vol% cBN, the balance being TiN + small amounts of reaction products. The second type (cBN 2) was made from a powder mixture of cBN and TiCN pressed into the geometry S01020 and sintered. The sintered blank contained 65 vol% cBN, the balance being TiCN + small amounts of reaction products. The cBN 1 and cBN 2 cutting edge tips were commercially available on the market.

[0066] The joining of the cBN cutting edge tip to the cutting insert blank was then made on the surface of the recess of the cutting insert blank by applying a braze paste on the cemented carbide support body. Two different braze pastes were used, respectively. The first braze paste ("TB629" from Tokyo Braze Co. Ltd.) had the composition Ag 59 Cu 27 In 13 Ti1, the second braze paste ("TB608" from Tokyo Braze Co. Ltd.) had the composition Ag 70 Cu28 Ti2.

[0067] The brazing was carried out in a furnace at three different temperatures: 740°C, 820°C and 900°C. The brazing processes at 740°C and 820°C were carried out in a vacuum in an Ipsen VFC-124 batch furnace, while the brazing process at 900°C was carried out in a Tokyo Brazing continuous belt furnace with argon as the shielding gas. In the brazing processes at 740°C and 900°C, a first brazing paste was used, while in the brazing process at 820°C, a second brazing paste was used. There were also slight differences in the processing times between the processes at 740°C and 820°C on the one hand and the process at 900°C on the other hand.

[0068] Three different brazing processes were thus defined:

[0069] Table 1

[0070] Process Atmosphere Temperature Treatment time 1 vacuum, 10 -5 millibar 740℃ 10 minutes 2 vacuum, 10 -5 millibar 820℃ 10 minutes 3 Argon 900℃ 12 minutes

[0071] The final cutting insert geometry was DCGW 11T308S01020. After the brazing process was completed, the support body and the joined assembly of the cBN cutting tip were subjected to a final polishing.

[0072] Some of the assemblies of support bodies and second type of cBN cutting edge tips were coated with a 2-4 μιη thick TiN layer according to a PVD process commonly used in the field of cutting tools. The deposition temperature of TiN is sufficiently low (about 450°C), so that the deposition of the TiN coating does not affect the properties of the brazed joint in any way.

[0073] Table 2 summarizes the composition of the samples and the brazing processes used when producing the samples.

[0074] Table 2

[0075]

[0076] Example 2 - Analysis of brazed joints:

[0077] The brazed joints were analyzed using an electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). Figure 2-3 The SEM images shown use a backscattered electron (BSE) detector. This detector distinguishes elements by atomic weight, as lighter materials appear dark and heavier materials appear light. For example, Ag appears very light relative to Cu.

[0078] The layered structure of the brazed joint was also analyzed by wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) using EPMA. The EPMA instrument used was a JEOL JXA-8530F Hyperprobe. This provides different images for different elements, which makes it possible to visualize the presence of specific elements (e.g. Ni, Ti, Cu, Ag, In, C) at specific locations in the brazed joint, as well as the level of their content by the intensity of the signal.

[0079] The content of specific elements (the metals Ni, Ti, Cu, Ag and In) in the layers was analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) equipped in the EPMA. The EPMA instrument used was a JEOL JXA-8530F Hyperprobe. To obtain reliable average values, several randomly selected measurement points were chosen.

[0080] The brazed joints of the samples: Sample 1, Sample 2 and Sample 3 were analyzed. Clear layers 1, 2 and 3 were seen. Table 3 shows the element content in each layer and the average thickness of each layer.

[0081] The thickness of the TiC layer was suitably measured by taking into account the thickness of the C concentration immediately adjacent to the cemented carbide support in combination with the presence of TiN. However, this was suitably done in combination with the SEM-BSE image obtained as described above, which clearly visualizes the TiC layer.

[0082] For Sample 1 brazed at 740°C, it was seen from the analysis that:

[0083] - No C, and Ti was seen immediately adjacent to the cemented carbide. However, a very thin layer containing the element Ti was seen. A clear thin layer was seen in the SEM-BSE image. Thus, a very thin first layer of TiC was present.

[0084] - The second layer contained large amounts of Ni, Cu and Ti. However, the layer was very inhomogeneous, contained several phases and was not sharply delimited.

[0085] - No Ni-depleted zone was seen in the uppermost part of the cemented carbide.

[0086] For Sample 1 brazed at 820°C, it was seen from the analysis that:

[0087] - C, and Ti was clearly seen immediately adjacent to the cemented carbide. A clear layer was seen in the SEM-BSE image. Thus, a first layer of TiC was present.

[0088] - The second layer contained large amounts of Ni, Cu and Ti and was sharply delimited.

[0089] - A Ni-depleted zone was seen in the uppermost part of the cemented carbide, about 1 μιη.

[0090] For sample 1 brazed at 900°C, from the analysis it is seen that:

[0091] - C and Ti are clearly seen in close proximity to the hard metal, and a distinct layer is seen in the SEM-BSE image. Thus, a first layer of TiC is present.

[0092] - The second layer contains a high amount of Ni, Cu and Ti and is well defined.

[0093] - A Ni-poor zone is seen in the uppermost about 2 pm of the hard metal.

[0094] Table 3 shows further results from the analysis.

[0095] Table 3

[0096]

[0097] * Several phases, layer boundaries not well defined, difficult to measure average metal content and layer thickness

[0098] ** Metal present, but in several phases, difficult to measure average content

[0099] Example 3 - Cutting test of samples:

[0100] Cutting tools were tested in a metal cutting operation. The samples tested were sample 5 and sample 8, i.e. different cBN cutting edge tips, brazing paste 2, vacuum brazed at 820°C for 10 minutes. The test method comprised interrupted cutting in a hardened steel. Rings of hardened steel SS2258 were provided, with grooves prepared in the softening phase to provide interrupted cutting. The test method comprised turning operations by running a face cut on the grooved part until the edge broke. The cutting parameters were incremented at each cut to give an increasing load. The test method gives a good view of the performance of the cutting tool in a severe cutting, including a judgement of the robustness of its brazed joint.

[0101] The cutting data used are seen in table 4. Feed (fn) and depth of cut (ap) were set to the same value. The suggested starting value of fn and ap depends on the insert style and grade to be tested. The cutting speed (vc) was 120 m / min.

[0102] Table 4

[0103]

[0104] The test was run until the edge broke (checked after each pass under optical microscope) and the test result was reported as the feed / depth of cut at edge break (or number of passes).

[0105] The value of fn and ap was incremented by 0.02 for each pass.

[0106] Several edges were tested to get reliable results.

[0107] Table 5

[0108]

[0109] For the samples, the results show that all the breakages occurred in the cBN material with the expected breakage size. There is no indication that the brazing would be the weakest link. It is concluded that the brazed joints of the present invention perform very well. It must be further noted that the load used in this test method is significantly higher than the application relevant load in normal metal machining operations of hardened steels, and therefore all the tested samples will perform very well in industrial applications.

Claims

1. A cutting tool (1) comprising a support body (2) and a cBN or PCD cutting edge tip (3), wherein the cBN or PCD cutting edge tip (3) is connected to the support body by a 5-150 pm thick brazing joint (4), the support body (2) is cemented carbide comprising 3-25 wt% of a metallic binder, optionally up to 25 wt% of a carbide or carbonitride of one or more elements of Group 4, 5 or 6 of the Periodic Table, and the remainder WC, wherein the metallic binder comprises at least 40 wt% of Ni, and wherein the brazing joint (4) comprises in order from the support body: a first layer (7) of TiC, located immediately adjacent to the support body, having an average thickness of 10-400 nm; a second layer (5) having an average thickness of 0.5-8 pm, comprising on average at least 5 wt% of the metal Ni, 25-60 wt% of the metal Cu and 15-45 wt% of the metal Ti; and a third layer (6) having an average thickness of 4-145 pm, comprising the metals Ag and Cu.

2. The cutting tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein the metallic binder in the cemented carbide of the support body (2) comprises 50-90 wt% of Ni.

3. The cutting tool (1) according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the metallic binder in the cemented carbide of the support body (2) comprises 10-20 wt% of Fe.

4. The cutting tool (1) according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the brazing joint (4) has a thickness of 10-100 pm.

5. The cutting tool (1) according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the first layer (7) of TiC has an average thickness of 50-300 nm.

6. The cutting tool (1) according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the second layer (5) comprises on average 10-40 wt% of the metal Ni.

7. The cutting tool (1) according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the second layer (5) comprises on average 35-55 wt% of the metal Cu.

8. The cutting tool (1) according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the second layer (5) comprises on average 25-40 wt% of the metal Ti.

9. The cutting tool (1) according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the second layer (5) has an average thickness of 1-5 pm.

10. The cutting tool (1) according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the sum of the metal Ni, the metal Cu and the metal Ti of the second layer is on average 70-100 wt%.

11. The cutting tool (1) according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the third layer (6) comprises the metal In.

12. The cutting tool (1) according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the sum of the metal Cu and the metal Ag of the third layer is on average 60-100 wt%.

13. The cutting tool (1) according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein the third layer (6) comprises, on average, 60-80 wt% of the metal Ag and, on average, 15-40 wt% of the metal Cu.

14. The cutting tool (1) according to any one of claims 1-2, wherein there is a Ni- depleted zone in the outermost part of the support body immediately adjacent to the brazing joint (4), the Ni-depleted zone having an average thickness of 0.5-5 pm.

15. The cutting tool (1) according to any one of claims 1-2, which is a turning insert, a milling insert or an end mill.

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