Dry purification system and method for top gas of pure hydrogen shaft furnace and pure hydrogen shaft furnace system

Abstract

This invention relates to a dry purification system and method for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnace, as well as a pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnace system. It belongs to the field of pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnace reduction technology and solves the problems of purification and recycling of top gas from existing pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnaces. The dry purification system for the top gas includes a cyclone dust collector, a heat exchanger, a closed bag filter, a condenser, and a centrifugal dehydration and demisting device connected sequentially along the gas flow direction. The purified top gas can be recycled as hydrogen for reduction in the pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnace.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pure hydrogen vertical furnace reduction technology, and in particular to a dry purification system and method for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace, as well as a pure hydrogen vertical furnace system. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen metallurgy in the steel industry is a key technology for achieving ultra-low and near-zero carbon dioxide emissions in the steel industry.

[0003] Pure hydrogen metallurgical technology is still in the research and development stage, and pure hydrogen shaft furnaces are the main development direction. From both a technical and cost-effectiveness perspective, gas-based shaft furnaces are more suitable for developing pure hydrogen metallurgy.

[0004] The reducing gas from the pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnace mainly comes from pure hydrogen obtained by electrolyzing water using green renewable energy, with an H2 content of over 99.5%. The furnace top gas after reduction mainly consists of H2, water vapor, and dust.

[0005] Since the reduction of pure hydrogen is an endothermic reaction, the actual reaction temperature is controlled at 950-1050℃. Due to the relatively fast reaction rate, a large amount of hydrogen needs to be heated to 950-1050℃ to compensate for the endothermic effect of the hydrogen reduction reaction, the heat from preheating the pellets to 950℃, and heat loss from the furnace. The ratio of hydrogen consumed in the reduction reaction to the total hydrogen input is approximately 25-30%. A large amount of residual hydrogen, water vapor produced after the reaction, and dust enter the furnace top, forming the furnace top gas. In the furnace top gas, hydrogen accounts for more than 70%, with the remainder being water vapor and dust (dust content 4g / m³). 3 -5g / m 3 Therefore, a key technology in the pure hydrogen vertical furnace reduction process is the purification and recycling of the furnace top gas. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide a dry purification system and method for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace, as well as a pure hydrogen vertical furnace system, to solve the problems of purification and recycling of the top gas of existing pure hydrogen vertical furnaces.

[0007] On one hand, the present invention provides a dry purification system for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace, the pure hydrogen vertical furnace top gas dry purification system comprising a cyclone dust collector, a heat exchanger, a closed bag dust collector, a condenser and a centrifugal dehydration and demisting device connected in sequence along the gas flow direction at the top of the furnace.

[0008] Preferably, the cyclone dust collector includes a dust collector body and a dust collector, with the lower outlet of the dust collector body connected to the upper inlet of the dust collector.

[0009] Preferably, the closed-type bag filter includes a dust collection housing, a filter bag, and an ash discharge assembly, wherein the filter bag is disposed inside the dust collection housing, and the ash discharge assembly is disposed below the dust collection housing.

[0010] Preferably, the furnace top gas outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the furnace top gas inlet at the bottom of the closed bag filter dust collector via a connecting pipe, and a temperature-regulating hydrogen pipeline is provided on the connecting pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the condensation device includes two or more interconnected condensers, each of which is provided with closely spaced condenser tubes inside;

[0012] Preferably, the closely spaced condenser tubes in two adjacent condensers are connected by a condenser connecting pipe, and the cooling water chambers of two adjacent condensers are connected by a cooling water connecting pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the outlet of the condensation device is connected to the inlet pipe at the bottom of the dehydration and demisting device;

[0014] The dehydration and demisting device is equipped with a centrifugal demister, an internal spray assembly, and a swirl plate arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The inlet pipe is connected to the dehydration and demisting device along the tangential direction from the lower outer circumference of the device. The furnace top gas rises in a vortex shape through the swirl plate for gas-water separation and further dehydration.

[0015] Preferably, the pure hydrogen vertical furnace top gas dry purification system further includes a hydrogen compressor and a hydrogen cold dryer connected in sequence, wherein the hydrogen compressor is connected to the top outlet of the dehydration and demisting device.

[0016] Secondly, the present invention also provides a dry purification method for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace, employing the above-mentioned dry purification system for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace, the method comprising:

[0017] The gas from the top of the pure hydrogen vertical furnace enters a cyclone dust collector for coarse dust removal.

[0018] The furnace top gas after coarse dust removal enters the heat exchanger for heat exchange.

[0019] The heat-exchanged furnace top gas enters a closed bag filter for dry deep dust removal.

[0020] The furnace top gas that has undergone the dry deep dust removal process enters the condensation device for condensation and water removal.

[0021] The condensed gas from the furnace top enters the dehydration and demisting device for further dehydration and demisting.

[0022] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a pure hydrogen vertical furnace system, the pure hydrogen vertical furnace system including the above-mentioned pure hydrogen vertical furnace top gas dry purification system.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The dry purification system for the top gas of the pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnace of the present invention sequentially performs coarse dust removal through a cyclone dust collector, deep dry dust removal through a closed bag filter, condensation and dehydration of water vapor in the top gas through a condenser, and deep dehydration and demisting through a dehydration and demisting device. The purified top gas has a hydrogen purity of ≥99.5% (by volume), a moisture content of ≤0.5% (by volume), and a dust content of 5mg / m³. 3 The following hydrogen can be recycled as pure hydrogen for vertical furnace reduction.

[0025] 2. Compared with wet purification, the dry purification system for pure hydrogen vertical furnace top gas of the present invention reduces the consumption of a large amount of spray water and the amount of wastewater treated, making it more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0026] 3. The dry purification system for the top gas of the pure hydrogen vertical furnace of this invention integrates coarse dust removal of the top gas, waste heat recovery, dry deep dust removal by sealed bag filter, condensation and dehydration, and centrifugal dehydration and demisting. The process is complete and simple, and the equipment is compact.

[0027] 4. The dry purification system for the top gas of the pure hydrogen vertical furnace of the present invention also includes a heat exchanger, which realizes the recovery of sensible heat of the top gas and at the same time realizes the cooling of the top gas.

[0028] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages may become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained from what is particularly pointed out in the description and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0029] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0030] Figure 1 A dry purification system for the top gas of a vertical shaft furnace for pure hydrogen, as described in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a front view of a condensation device according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a left view of a condensation device according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified view of part of K;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a condenser tube according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another structure of the condenser tube of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the spoiler structure of the present invention.

[0037] Figure label:

[0038] 1-Cyclone dust collector; 101-Dust collector body; 1011-Upper cylinder; 1012-Lower cylinder; 1013-Reducing pipe; 1014-Central pipe; 1015-Intermediate tank; 1016-Spherical valve; 1017-Rotary rotary valve (dust collector body); 1018-Pneumatic conveying device; 102-Dust collector; 1021-High-rise silo; 1022-Conical body; 1023-Silo top dust collector; 1024-Manual slide gate valve; 1025-Rotary rotary valve (dust collector); 1026-Humidifier; 2-Closed bag filter dust collector Device; 201-Connecting pipe; 202-Temperature-regulating hydrogen pipeline; 203-Upper cylinder (bag filter); 204-Filter bag; 205-Lower cone (bag filter); 206-Intermediate tank (bag filter); 207-Hemispherical valve (bag filter); 208-Ring ash discharge valve (bag filter); 209-Pneumatic conveying device (bag filter); 210-Manhole (bag filter); 211-Bag filter pressure relief valve; 212-Bag filter vent valve assembly; 213-Bag filter outlet pipe; 214-Filter bag Dust removal safety valve; 3-Condensation device; 301-Condenser; 302-Cooling water inlet pipe; 303-Cooling water outlet pipe; 304-Closed-row condenser tubes; 305-Condenser support; 306-Condenser connecting pipe; 307-Condensate outlet pipe; 308-Condenser furnace top gas outlet pipe; 309-Condenser furnace top gas outlet safety valve; 310-Furnace top gas vertical pipe; 311-Cooling water connecting pipe; 312-Inlet gas collecting pipe; 313-Outlet gas collecting pipe; 314-Baffle plate; 315-Turbulence element; 316-Spiral groove; 4-Dehydration and demisting device ; 401-Internal spray assembly; 402-Safety valve (dehydration and demisting device); 403-Pressure relief valve (dehydration and demisting device); 404-Manhole (dehydration and demisting device); 405-Inlet pipe (dehydration and demisting device); 406-Centrifugal demister; 407-Swirl plate; 5-Heat exchanger; 501-High temperature heat exchanger; 502-Low temperature heat exchanger; 503-Furnace top gas connection pipe; 504-Demineralized water inlet pipe; 505-Steam outlet pipe; 506-Steam connection pipe; 6-Sewage storage tank; 601-Water inlet ball valve; 602-Sewage drain ball valve. Detailed Implementation

[0039] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this application and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0040] Gas-based vertical shaft furnaces typically include hydrogen-rich vertical shaft furnaces and pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnaces. The reducing gas from a hydrogen-rich vertical shaft furnace mainly consists of H2 + CO, with a molar ratio of H2 to CO of 4.6-1.5. The top gas formed after reduction in a hydrogen-rich vertical shaft furnace mainly comprises H2, CO, CO2, H2O, and dust. CN107337179A discloses a system and method for preparing reducing gas from a gas-based vertical shaft furnace, specifically a hydrogen-rich vertical shaft furnace. The method involves discharging the top gas into a scrubber, where it is cooled and dust-removed. 80% of the total volume of the top gas then enters a decarbonization unit, while the remaining top gas is mixed with coke oven gas and then undergoes catalytic reforming and other processes. The resulting reducing gas contains 61.8% H2, 29.7% CO, and H2O. 0.9%; CN102876828B discloses a reducing gas purification process and system for a gas-based vertical shaft furnace, which is also a hydrogen-rich vertical shaft furnace. Specifically, it discloses that the top gas discharged from the furnace enters a water-washing dust removal tower. The purified gas is then passed through a circulating gas-liquid separator; a small portion is used as purge gas and sent to the heating furnace as fuel, while the majority is sent as circulating gas to the circulating gas compressor for pressurization to a certain pressure, and then sent to the MDEA desulfurization and decarbonization system along with fresh shift gas. It is evident that in the purification process of the top gas from a hydrogen-rich vertical shaft furnace, the top gas is typically only subjected to dust removal and cooling in a water-washing dust removal tower. This is because hydrogen-rich vertical shaft furnaces only require the moisture content in the reducing gas to be below 1%, and the water vapor content in the top gas of a hydrogen-rich vertical shaft furnace is only 15-20%.

[0041] The reducing gas from a pure hydrogen shaft furnace requires an H2 content of over 99.5%, and the resulting top gas mainly consists of H2, water vapor, and dust. This means the purified top gas from a pure hydrogen shaft furnace must have a moisture content below 0.5%. Furthermore, the water vapor content in the top gas from a pure hydrogen shaft furnace is 25-30%, significantly higher than that of the top gas from a hydrogen-rich shaft furnace. Therefore, considering both the composition of the top gas and the requirements for the purified gas composition, existing purification systems and methods for the top gas from hydrogen-rich shaft furnaces cannot meet the requirements for the purification of the top gas from a pure hydrogen shaft furnace.

[0042] Therefore, on the one hand, the present invention provides a dry purification system for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the dry purification system for the top gas of the pure hydrogen vertical furnace includes a cyclone dust collector 1, a heat exchanger 5, a closed bag filter 2, a condenser 3, and a dehydration and demisting device 4, which are connected in sequence along the gas flow direction at the top of the furnace.

[0043] Compared with existing technologies, the dry purification system for the pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnace top gas of the present invention sequentially performs coarse dust removal through a cyclone dust collector, deep dry dust removal through a closed bag filter, condensation and dehydration of water vapor in the furnace top gas through a condenser, and deep dehydration and demisting through a dehydration and demisting device. The purified furnace top gas has a hydrogen purity of over 99.5% (by volume), a moisture content of less than 0.5% (by volume), and a dust content of 5 mg / m³. 3 The following hydrogen can be recycled for reduction in a pure hydrogen shaft furnace. This invention's dry purification system for the top gas of a pure hydrogen shaft furnace integrates coarse dust removal, waste heat recovery, deep dry dust removal using sealed bag filters, condensation and dehydration, and centrifugal dehydration and demisting. The process is complete, simple, and the equipment is compact. Furthermore, compared to wet purification, it significantly reduces the consumption of spray water and the amount of wastewater treated, making it more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly. The purification system also includes a heat exchanger, which recovers the sensible heat of the top gas while simultaneously cooling it.

[0044] It should be noted that the temperature of the furnace top gas is 250-350℃, and the furnace top gas includes hydrogen, water vapor, and dust, wherein the volume content of hydrogen is 70-75%, the volume content of water vapor is 25-30%, and the dust content is 4-5 g / m³. 3 .

[0045] In this invention, the cyclone dust collector 1 is used to perform coarse dust removal on the furnace top gas.

[0046] In one embodiment, the cyclone dust removal device 1 includes a dust collector body 101 and a dust collector 102, with the lower outlet of the dust collector body 101 connected to the upper inlet of the dust collector 102.

[0047] For example, the dust collector body 101 includes an upper cylinder 1011 and a lower cylinder 1012 connected from top to bottom. The upper cylinder 1011 is cylindrical, and the lower cylinder 1012 is conical. The conical shape of the lower cylinder 1012 facilitates the downward movement and collection of dust.

[0048] For example, the upper part of the upper cylinder 1011 is provided with a furnace top gas inlet, and the furnace top gas inlet is provided with a variable diameter pipe 1013. The diameter of the variable diameter pipe 1013 decreases from large to small, which can increase the gas flow rate at the furnace top and thus improve the particle separation effect.

[0049] Specifically, the variable-diameter pipe 1013 is connected to the upper cylinder 1011 tangentially. The top gas is accelerated through the variable-diameter pipe 1013 and enters the upper cylinder 1011 tangentially, generating a downward vortex centrifugal force, which separates coarse particles in the top gas from the airflow. The variable-diameter pipe 1013 accelerates the top gas, resulting in a greater vortex centrifugal force and better particle separation.

[0050] For example, the upper cylinder 1011 is also provided with a vertical central tube 1014, the upper end of which is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger 5.

[0051] For example, the lower outlet of the lower cylinder 1012 is connected to an intermediate tank 1015, and the upper and lower parts of the intermediate tank 1015 are respectively provided with a ball valve 1016.

[0052] Furthermore, a rotary valve 1017 and a pneumatic conveying device 1018 are sequentially connected to the lower outlet of the intermediate tank 1015. The rotary valve 1017 is used to discharge the dust from the intermediate tank 1015. The pneumatic conveying device 1018 is used to transport the dust discharged from the dust collector body 101 to the dust collector 102 for storage using gas. The gas is nitrogen.

[0053] During implementation, the upper hemispherical valve 1016 is opened and the lower hemispherical valve 1016 is closed, allowing dust to enter the intermediate tank 1015 for storage. When a certain amount is stored, the upper hemispherical valve 1016 is closed and the lower hemispherical valve 1016 is opened, allowing dust to be discharged through the rotary valve 1017. After the dust in the intermediate tank 1015 is discharged, the lower hemispherical valve 1016 is closed, and purging nitrogen is blown into the intermediate tank 1015 to replace the air that enters when the rotary valve 1017 discharges material. This prevents air from entering the dust collector body 101 when the upper hemispherical valve 1015 is open and mixing with hydrogen, which could cause safety hazards. After the replacement is completed, the purging nitrogen is turned off.

[0054] For example, the lower outlet of the dust collector body 101 is connected to the upper inlet of the dust collector 102 via a pipe.

[0055] For example, the dust collector 102 includes an elevated silo 1021 and a cone 1022 connected from top to bottom. A silo top dust collector 1023 is installed at the top of the elevated silo 1021, and a manual slide valve 1024, a rotary valve 1025, and a humidifier 1026 are sequentially connected to the lower outlet of the cone 1022. The silo top dust collector 1023 is used for environmental dust removal to prevent dust from escaping; the manual slide valve 1024 is used to open and close the dust collector for ash discharge; the rotary valve 1025 is used to discharge ash when the manual slide valve 1024 is open; and the humidifier 1026 is used to spray water mist to prevent dust from escaping.

[0056] The dust collector body 101 serves to remove dust, and the dust collector 102 is located next to the dust collector body 101 as a dust collection and storage bin.

[0057] In this invention, heat exchanger 5 is a tubular heat exchanger used to recover waste heat from the furnace top gas, generate steam, and use it for grid connection or power generation.

[0058] For example, the furnace top gas outlet of the heat exchanger 5 is connected to the lower inlet of the closed bag filter 2.

[0059] Specifically, the heat exchanger 5 includes a high-temperature heat exchanger 501 and a low-temperature heat exchanger 502. The bottom of the high-temperature heat exchanger 501 is connected to the central pipe 1014 of the dust collector body 101. The high-temperature heat exchanger 501 and the low-temperature heat exchanger 502 are connected via a furnace top gas connection pipe 503. The lower gas outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 502 is connected to the lower inlet of the closed-loop bag filter dust collector 2. Both the high-temperature heat exchanger 501 and the low-temperature heat exchanger 502 are equipped with heat exchange tubes. A steam connecting pipe 506 is provided at the top of the high-temperature heat exchanger 501 and the low-temperature heat exchanger 502, which connects the heat exchange tubes in the high-temperature heat exchanger 501 and the low-temperature heat exchanger 502. A demineralized water inlet pipe 504 is provided at the bottom of the low-temperature heat exchanger 502, and a steam outlet pipe 505 is provided at the bottom of the high-temperature heat exchanger 501. The demineralized water inlet pipe 504 is connected to the heat exchange tubes in the low-temperature heat exchanger 502, and the steam outlet pipe 505 is connected to the heat exchange tubes in the high-temperature heat exchanger 501.

[0060] During implementation, demineralized water enters the heat exchange tubes of the low-temperature heat exchanger 502 through the demineralized water inlet pipe 504, then enters the heat exchange tubes of the high-temperature heat exchanger 501 through the steam connecting pipe 506, and then flows out through the steam outlet pipe 505; the furnace top gas after coarse dust removal by the dust collector body 101 enters the high-temperature heat exchanger 501 through the central pipe 1014, and undergoes the first heat exchange with the steam generated in the heat exchange tubes of the high-temperature heat exchanger 501. After the first heat exchange, the furnace top gas enters the low-temperature heat exchanger 502 through the furnace top gas connecting pipe 503, and undergoes the second heat exchange with the demineralized water in the heat exchange tubes of the low-temperature heat exchanger 502. After the second heat exchange, the furnace top gas enters the closed bag filter dust collector 2.

[0061] It should be noted that purified low-temperature hydrogen can also be used instead of demineralized water as a cooling medium, and the heat of the furnace top gas can be used to heat the purified low-temperature hydrogen, thereby reducing the energy consumption for subsequent hydrogen heating.

[0062] It should be noted that the terms "high temperature" and "low temperature" in the terms "high temperature heat exchanger" and "low temperature heat exchanger" in this invention are relative to each other.

[0063] In this invention, since the temperature of the gas at the top of the pure hydrogen vertical furnace is relatively high, heat exchange efficiency is improved by setting up high-temperature heat exchangers and low-temperature heat exchangers.

[0064] For example, two furnace top gas connecting pipes 503 are arranged in parallel between the high-temperature heat exchanger 501 and the low-temperature heat exchanger 502.

[0065] For example, the furnace top gas outlet of the heat exchanger 5 is connected to the lower furnace top gas inlet of the closed bag filter 2 via a connecting pipe 201.

[0066] For example, a temperature-regulating hydrogen pipeline 202 is provided on the connecting pipe 201. The temperature-regulating hydrogen pipeline 202 is used to introduce purified low-temperature hydrogen at about 40°C to dynamically regulate the temperature of the furnace top gas entering the closed bag filter dust collector 2, ensuring that its temperature is around 150°C to prevent the filter bags from being burned by high temperature.

[0067] For example, the closed bag filter dust collector 2 includes a dust collector body, a filter bag 204 and an ash discharge assembly. The filter bag 204 is disposed inside the dust collector body, and the ash discharge assembly is disposed below the dust collector body.

[0068] Specifically, the dust removal body includes an upper cylinder 203 and a lower cone 205 connected sequentially from top to bottom. The end of the connecting pipe 201 near the sealed bag dust collector 2 enters the dust removal body from the lower part of the upper cylinder 203 and bends downward into the lower cone 205.

[0069] For example, the lower outlet of the lower cone 205 is connected to an intermediate tank 206, and the upper and lower parts of the intermediate tank 206 are respectively provided with a ball valve 207.

[0070] For example, the lower outlet of the dust removal body is connected to the upper inlet of the dust collector 102 via a pipe.

[0071] Furthermore, a rotary valve 208 and a pneumatic conveying device 209 are sequentially connected to the lower outlet of the intermediate tank 206. The rotary valve 208 is used to discharge the dust from the intermediate tank 206. The pneumatic conveying device 209 is used to transport the dust discharged from the dust collector to the dust collector 102 for storage using gas. The gas is nitrogen.

[0072] During implementation, the upper hemispherical valve 207 of the intermediate tank 206 is opened, and the lower hemispherical valve 207 is closed, allowing dust to enter the intermediate tank 206 for storage. When a certain amount is stored, the upper hemispherical valve 207 is closed, and the lower hemispherical valve 207 is opened, allowing dust to be discharged through the rotary valve 208. After the dust in the intermediate tank 206 is discharged, the lower hemispherical valve 207 is closed, and purging nitrogen is blown into the intermediate tank 206 to replace the air that enters when the rotary valve 208 discharges material. This prevents air from entering the dust collector body when the upper hemispherical valve 207 is open and mixing with hydrogen, which could cause safety hazards. After the replacement is completed, the purging nitrogen is turned off.

[0073] For example, the dust collector body is provided with a manhole 210 to facilitate the replacement of the filter bag 204.

[0074] For example, the dust collector body is also provided with a bag filter pressure relief valve 211 and a bag filter vent valve group 212 to provide overpressure protection for the bag filter dust collector.

[0075] For example, the top gas outlet of the sealed bag filter 2 is connected to the top gas inlet of the condensing device through the bag filter outlet pipe 213.

[0076] For example, a bag filter safety valve 214 is provided on the bag filter outlet pipe 213 to provide overpressure protection for the bag filter device.

[0077] For example, the condensing device 3 includes two or more interconnected condensers 301, and each condenser 301 is provided with closely spaced condenser tubes 304 inside.

[0078] Specifically, in the closely packed condenser tubes 304, the ratio of the distance between the central axes of two adjacent condenser tubes to the outer diameter of the condenser tubes is between 1.25 and 2.0, for example, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, etc., which can increase the cooling capacity of the cooling water for the furnace top gas inside the tubes and reduce the volume of the condenser.

[0079] In one implementation, such as Figure 5 As shown, the closely packed condenser tube 304 is an inner spiral tube, that is, the inner wall of the tube is provided with a spiral groove 316 extending along the axial direction of the tube. The spiral groove can be multi-headed, and the spiral angle of the spiral groove 316 is between 30° and 45°, such as 31°, 33°, 35°, 37°, 39°, 40°, 42°, 44°, etc. The inner spiral tube increases the heat transfer area of ​​the furnace top gas in the condenser tube, and at the same time changes the flow of the furnace top gas and the inner wall of the tube from laminar flow to turbulent flow, thereby increasing the condensation effect.

[0080] In another implementation, such as Figure 6 As shown, the closely packed condenser tube 304 is a combination of an internal spiral tube structure and a disruptor 315. The structure of the disruptor 315 is as follows: Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the turbulence disruptor 315 is a spiral stainless steel strip disposed inside the closely spaced condenser tube 304. The turbulence disruptor 315 extends spirally along the axial direction of the closely spaced condenser tube 304, and its two ends are welded and fixed to the ends of the closely spaced condenser tube 304. The presence of a turbulence disruptor inside the condenser tube helps to improve the turbulence of the furnace top gas inside the tube, and the smaller the pitch of the turbulence disruptor 315, the greater the turbulence effect. However, this also increases the flow resistance of the furnace top gas inside the tube. Preferably, the ratio of the pitch of the turbulence disruptor 315 to the inner diameter of the tube is 0.5-1.5, for example, 0.7, 0.9, 1.1, 1.3, 1.4, etc. The combined structure of the inner spiral tube and the turbulence disruptor 315 allows for setting a suitable pitch for the turbulence disruptor, which can both improve the condensation effect and reduce the flow resistance of the furnace top gas inside the tube.

[0081] For example, the spiral direction of the turbulence generator 315 is opposite to the spiral direction of the spiral groove structure on the inner wall of the closely packed condenser tube 304, which is beneficial to further improve the turbulence of the furnace top gas inside the tube.

[0082] For example, there is a gap between the turbulence disruptor 315 and the spiral structure on the inner wall of the closely spaced condenser tube 304, which facilitates the installation of the turbulence disruptor 315.

[0083] For example, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the cooling water chamber of the condenser 301 employs a baffle plate 314. The baffle plate 314 is a perforated plate with multiple holes on a semi-circular steel plate (slightly exceeding the semi-circle), through which the closely spaced condenser tubes 304 can pass. The baffle plate 314 is staggered along the length of the closely spaced condenser tubes 304 and welded to the outer wall of the closely spaced condenser tubes 304. The cooling water changes its flow direction in the cooling water chamber, for example, an S-shaped flow. Figure 4 The direction indicated by the middle arrow increases the contact time with the outer wall of the closely spaced condenser tubes 304, thereby improving the uniform cooling capacity of the cooling water.

[0084] For example, the closely spaced condenser tubes 304 in two adjacent condensers 301 are connected by a condenser connecting pipe 306, and the cooling water chambers of two adjacent condensers 301 are connected by a cooling water connecting pipe 311, or each condenser 301 is provided with a separate cooling water inlet pipe and a cooling water outlet pipe. A condensate outlet pipe 307 is provided on the lower condenser connecting pipe 306 for discharging condensate from the condenser at any time.

[0085] For example, a cooling water inlet pipe 302 is provided on the upper part of the condenser 301 located on the low temperature side, and a cooling water outlet pipe 303 is provided on the upper part of the condenser 301 located on the high temperature side.

[0086] A condenser furnace top gas outlet pipe 308 is provided at the upper end of the condenser 301 on the low temperature side, and a condenser furnace top gas outlet safety valve 309 is provided on the condenser furnace top gas outlet pipe 308.

[0087] The condenser is also provided with a condenser support 305.

[0088] In this invention, Figure 1 The condensing device shown in the figure consists of only two condensers 301 connected in series.

[0089] In a preferred embodiment, the condensing device 3 has a series-parallel structure, that is, multiple condensers 301 are connected in series, referred to as a condenser series group, and the condensing device includes multiple condenser series groups arranged in parallel. This embodiment is suitable for high-flow-rate furnace top gas purification. Figure 2 and Figure 3Taking the condensing device shown as an example, the condensing device 3 with a series-parallel structure includes three parallel condenser series groups, and each condenser series group includes four condensers 301 connected in series. In each condenser series group, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, the four condensers are named sequentially from left to right: First Condenser, Second Condenser, Third Condenser, and Fourth Condenser. The upper end of the First Condenser's top gas inlet collecting pipe 312 is connected to the bag filter dust collector outlet pipe 213, distributing the top gas to the three parallel First Condensers through the inlet collecting pipe 312. Each condenser has a cooling water outlet pipe 303 at its upper part and a cooling water inlet pipe 302 at its lower part. The cooling water outlet pipe 303 is equipped with an outlet manifold, and the cooling water inlet pipe 302 is equipped with an inlet manifold. The lower end of the densely packed condenser tubes 304 of the First Condenser is connected to the Second Condenser. The lower end of the densely packed condenser tubes 304 of the condenser is connected to the first condenser connecting pipe. The upper end of the densely packed condenser tubes 304 of the second condenser is connected to the upper end of the densely packed condenser tubes 304 of the third condenser through the second condenser connecting pipe. The lower end of the densely packed condenser tubes 304 of the third condenser is connected to the lower end of the densely packed condenser tubes 304 of the fourth condenser through the third condenser connecting pipe. A furnace top gas outlet collecting pipe 313 is provided at the furnace top gas outlet of the upper end of the fourth condenser. The upper part of the collecting pipe 313 is connected to the furnace top gas outlet pipe 308 of the condenser. Condensate outlet pipes 307 are respectively provided on the first condenser connecting pipe and the third condenser connecting pipe.

[0090] When implementing, such as Figure 4 As shown, cooling water is distributed to the condenser inlet pipe 302 through the cooling water inlet manifold and enters the cooling water chamber of each condenser. Then, the cooling water passes through the condenser baffle in sequence, and the flow direction of the cooling water changes with the baffle. Then, it is discharged from the cooling water outlet pipe 303 and finally discharged through the outlet manifold. The top gas from the closed bag filter dust collector 2 enters the inlet gas collecting pipe 312 through the bag filter dust collector outlet pipe 213. The inlet gas collecting pipe 312 distributes the top gas to the first condenser in each condenser series group. The gas then passes sequentially through the closely spaced condenser tubes 304 in the first condenser, the first condenser connecting pipe, the closely spaced condenser tubes 304 in the second condenser, the second condenser connecting pipe, the closely spaced condenser tubes 304 in the third condenser, the second condenser connecting pipe, and the closely spaced condenser tubes 304 in the fourth condenser. Finally, the gas is collected through the condenser top gas outlet collecting pipe 313 and enters the dehydration and demisting device 4 through the condenser top gas outlet pipe 308. The condensate formed in each condenser is discharged through the condensate outlet pipe 307.

[0091] The condensation device of the present invention includes multiple condensers arranged in series and parallel, which are connected in series by condenser connecting pipes 306. The condensate generated in the furnace top gas can be discharged at any time through the condensate outlet pipes 307 provided on the condenser connecting pipes 306 at the bottom of the condensers, thereby improving the condensation and dehydration effect of the furnace top gas.

[0092] For example, a condenser furnace top gas outlet safety valve 309 is provided on the condenser furnace top gas outlet pipe 308.

[0093] In this invention, the dust content of the furnace top gas after dust removal by the closed-loop bag filter 2 is less than 5 mg / m³. 3 The temperature is around 150℃, and the volume content of water vapor is 25-30%, requiring condensation and dehydration. The furnace top gas, after being dusted by the closed bag filter 2, enters the condensation device, where it is cooled to 40-60℃.

[0094] For example, the outlet of the condenser 3 is connected to the inlet pipe 405 at the lower part of the dehydration and demisting device 4.

[0095] Specifically, the condenser top gas outlet pipe 308 of the condenser device 3 is connected to the inlet pipe 405 at the bottom of the dehydration and demisting device 4 through the top gas vertical pipe 310.

[0096] The function of the dehydration and demisting device 4 is to further dehydrate and demist the furnace top gas after condensation and dehydration by the condensation device 3.

[0097] For example, the dehydration and demisting device 4 is internally arranged from top to bottom with a centrifugal demister 406, an internal spray assembly 401, and a swirl plate 407. The inlet pipe 405 is connected to the dehydration and demisting device 4 tangentially from the lower outer circumference of the device. The furnace top gas enters the dehydration and demisting device 4 through the inlet pipe 405, passes through the swirl plate 407, and rises in a vortex shape under the action of the swirl plate 407. Since the water and gas in the furnace top gas have different densities, during the upward vortex of the airflow, gas-water separation is achieved due to gravity and vortex force, further dehydration is achieved. The internal spray assembly 401 is used to clean the swirl plate 407 inside the dehydration and demisting device 4.

[0098] The centrifugal demister 406 uses a waterproof motor to drive a centrifugal impeller to achieve centrifugal demisting.

[0099] Understandably, the furnace top gas entering the dehydration and demisting device 4 undergoes further dehydration under the combined action of gravity, vortex force, and centrifugal force.

[0100] For example, the dehydration and demisting device 4 is a dehydration and demisting tower. The upper end of the dehydration and demisting tower is equipped with a safety valve 402 and a pressure relief valve 403. Manholes 404 are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the dehydration and demisting tower. The safety valve 402 is an automatic pressure relief alarm; it automatically opens to release pressure when the set working pressure value is exceeded, and automatically closes when the pressure drops to the allowable value, maintaining pressure stability. The pressure relief valve 403 is used to release pressure when the pressure exceeds the limit range. The upper and lower manholes 404 facilitate maintenance and operation of the dehydration and demisting tower.

[0101] In one embodiment, the system further includes a wastewater storage tank 6, which is connected to the condensate outlet pipe 307 of the condensing device 3, the inlet pipe 405 of the dehydration and demisting device 4, and the bottom wastewater outlet of the dehydration and demisting device 4, respectively, to discharge liquid water formed by the furnace top gas at any time.

[0102] For example, the sewage storage tank 6 is equipped with inlet ball valves 601 on the pipes connecting it to the condensate outlet pipe 307, the inlet pipe 405 of the dehydration and demisting device 4, and the bottom sewage outlet of the dehydration and demisting device 4. The sewage storage tank 6 is also equipped with a sewage discharge pipe and a sewage drain ball valve 602.

[0103] For example, the dry purification system for the top gas of the pure hydrogen vertical furnace further includes a hydrogen compressor and a hydrogen cold dryer (not shown in the figure) connected in sequence. The hydrogen compressor is connected to the top outlet of the dehydration and demisting device 4. The hydrogen compressor is used to pressurize the hydrogen, and the hydrogen cold dryer is used to dry the hydrogen.

[0104] Secondly, the present invention also provides a dry purification method for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace, employing the above-mentioned dry purification system for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace, the method comprising:

[0105] The top gas from the pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnace enters the cyclone dust collector 1 for coarse dust removal, including: the top gas is accelerated through the reducing pipe 1013 and enters the upper cylinder 1011 tangentially from the circumference. Due to the high-speed downward tangential flow of the airflow in the cylinder, a downward vortex centrifugal force is generated, which separates the coarse particles in the top gas from the airflow. The top gas after coarse dust removal enters the heat exchanger 5 from the central pipe 1014 of the upper cylinder 1011. The dust enters the lower cylinder 1012 and is discharged through the two-layer hemispherical valve 1016 and the intermediate tank 1015. Then, it is discharged into the pneumatic conveying device 1018 through the star-shaped ash discharge valve 1017. The dust is sent to the dust collector 102 through the pipeline. The pneumatic conveying device 1018 can use high-pressure nitrogen for pneumatic conveying. The dust enters the elevated hopper of the dust collector 102 from the upper inlet of the dust collector 102. The dust collector 102 serves as a dust storage hopper.

[0106] To prevent the dust airflow from eroding and wearing the interior of the dust collector body 101, unshaped refractory materials such as heat-insulating bricks, clay bricks, and refractory castables are installed inside the dust collector body 101.

[0107] The furnace top gas, after coarse dust removal, enters heat exchanger 5 for heat exchange. This includes: the furnace top gas, after coarse dust removal by cyclone dust collector 1, enters heat exchanger 5, where it exchanges heat with 20°C demineralized water to generate saturated steam (taking a 500,000-ton-per-year pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnace as an example, the saturated steam temperature is 200°C, the pressure is 1.6 MPa, and the steam flow rate is 10-13.4 t / h), recovering the sensible heat of the furnace top gas. The temperature of the furnace top gas after heat exchange is reduced to below 150°C. Heat exchanger 5 is used to absorb heat from the high-temperature dust-laden furnace top gas after coarse dust removal by cyclone dust collector 1 and produce steam as a byproduct, which can be used for power generation or external steam supply to the pipeline network, while simultaneously reducing the furnace top gas temperature from 250-350°C to below 150°C.

[0108] The heat-exchanged furnace top gas enters a closed-loop bag filter 2 for dry deep dust removal, including: filter bags 204 in the closed-loop bag filter 2 are used to filter dust in the furnace top gas, and the dust content of the filtered furnace top gas is 5 mg / m³. 3 Within this range, it meets the requirements of a hydrogen pressurizer. The filtered fine dust passes sequentially through the lower cone 205, the upper hemispherical valve 207, the intermediate tank 206, and the lower hemispherical valve 207, and is discharged by the star-shaped ash discharge valve 208. The discharged dust is then transported to the dust collector 102 for storage via the pneumatic conveying device 209.

[0109] The purified low-temperature hydrogen gas at approximately 40°C is introduced through the temperature-regulating hydrogen pipe 202 to dynamically regulate the temperature of the furnace top gas entering the bag filter, ensuring that its temperature is around 150°C to prevent the bag filter from burning due to high temperature.

[0110] To prevent the furnace top gas temperature from being too low and sticking to the filter bags, the inlet water flow rate of the demineralized water inlet 504 of the heat exchanger needs to be adjusted.

[0111] The furnace top gas after dry deep dust removal enters the condensing device 3 for condensation and dehydration. This includes: the furnace top gas flows out through the densely packed condensing pipes 304 of the condensing device. The outside of the densely packed condensing pipes 304 is a cooling water chamber. The cooling water cools the furnace top gas to 40-60°C, and the water vapor is converted into mist droplets. The mist droplets condense into water droplets on the inner wall of the densely packed condensing pipes 304 and are discharged into the wastewater storage tank 6 for collection through the condensate outlet pipe 307 connected to the lower condenser connecting pipe 306.

[0112] The condensed top gas from the condenser 3 enters the dehydration and demisting device 4 for further dehydration and demisting. The process includes: the top gas from the condenser 301 at a temperature of 40-60°C enters the swirl plate 407 tangentially from the lower outer circumference of the dehydration and demisting device 4 and rises in a vortex. The water and gas in the top gas have different densities. During the upward vortex of the airflow, due to the action of gravity and vortex force, gas-water separation is achieved for further dehydration.

[0113] The rising furnace top gas passing through the swirl plate 407 is driven at high speed by the impeller motor of the centrifugal demister 406, generating a large centrifugal force that achieves centrifugal demisting of the furnace top gas. The temperature of the furnace top gas after centrifugal demisting is approximately 40℃, and the dust content is less than 5mg / m³. 3 The furnace top gas after centrifugal dehydration and demisting is mainly composed of hydrogen, with a hydrogen content greater than 99%, which meets the requirements of the pressurizer and refrigerated dryer.

[0114] For example, the method further includes: the furnace top gas (circulating hydrogen) after passing through the dehydration and demisting device 4 is pressurized by a hydrogen pressurizer (for example, pressurized to 0.4 MPa), and then treated by a hydrogen cold dryer, so that its moisture content is less than 0.5%, its hydrogen content is greater than 99.5%, and the temperature of the purified hydrogen is less than 40°C. The purified furnace top gas (hydrogen) can be recycled as hydrogen for pure hydrogen vertical furnace reduction.

[0115] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a pure hydrogen vertical furnace system, the pure hydrogen vertical furnace system including the above-mentioned pure hydrogen vertical furnace top gas dry purification system.

[0116] The top gas from the pure hydrogen vertical furnace is purified by the dry purification system for the top gas of the pure hydrogen vertical furnace and then returned to the pure hydrogen vertical furnace, realizing the recycling of hydrogen.

[0117] The following specific embodiments further illustrate the dry purification system and method for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace, as well as the pure hydrogen vertical furnace system of the present invention.

[0118] In the following embodiments, the initial composition of the furnace top gas was as follows: hydrogen volume content of 73%, water vapor volume content of 27%, and dust content of 5 g / m³. 3 The furnace top gas temperature is 300℃ and the pressure is 0.25MPa.

[0119] Example 1

[0120] This embodiment provides a dry purification system for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace, including a cyclone dust collector 1, a heat exchanger 5, a closed bag filter 2, a condenser 3, and a dehydration and demisting device 4 connected in sequence along the gas flow direction at the top of the furnace.

[0121] The cyclone dust collector 1 includes a dust collector body 101 and a dust collector 102. The lower outlet of the dust collector body 101 is connected to the upper inlet of the dust collector 102. The dust collector body 101 includes an upper cylinder 1011 and a lower cylinder 1012 connected from top to bottom. The upper cylinder 1011 is cylindrical, and the lower cylinder 1012 is conical. A furnace top gas inlet is provided at the upper part of the upper cylinder 1011, and a reducing pipe 1013 is provided at the furnace top gas inlet. The diameter of the reducing pipe 1013 decreases from large to small. The reducing pipe 1013 is connected to the upper cylinder 1011 tangentially. The furnace top gas is accelerated through the reducing pipe 1013 and enters the upper cylinder 1011 tangentially, generating a downward vortex centrifugal force, which separates the coarse particles in the furnace top gas from the airflow. The upper cylinder 1011 is also equipped with a vertically oriented central pipe 1014, the upper end of which is connected to the inlet of the heat exchanger 5. The lower outlet of the lower cylinder 1012 is connected to an intermediate tank 1015, and the upper and lower parts of the intermediate tank 1015 are respectively equipped with a hemispherical valve 1016. The lower outlet of the intermediate tank 1015 is sequentially connected to a rotary valve 1017 and a pneumatic conveying device 1018. The lower outlet of the dust collector body 101 is connected to the upper inlet of the dust collector 102 through a pipe. The dust collector 102 includes a raised silo 1021 and a cone 1022 connected from top to bottom. The top of the raised silo 1021 is equipped with a silo top dust collector 1023, and the lower outlet of the cone 1022 is sequentially connected to a manual slide valve 1024, a rotary valve 1025, and a humidifier 1026.

[0122] The furnace top gas outlet of heat exchanger 5 is connected to the lower inlet of the closed-loop bag filter dust collector 2. Heat exchanger 5 includes a high-temperature heat exchanger 501 and a low-temperature heat exchanger 502. The bottom of the high-temperature heat exchanger 501 is connected to the central pipe 1014 of the dust collector body 101. The high-temperature heat exchanger 501 and the low-temperature heat exchanger 502 are connected via a furnace top gas connecting pipe 503. The lower gas outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger 502 is connected to the lower inlet of the closed-loop bag filter dust collector 2. Both the high-temperature heat exchanger 501 and the low-temperature heat exchanger 502 are equipped with heat exchange tubes. A steam connecting pipe 506 is provided at the top of the high-temperature heat exchanger 501 and the low-temperature heat exchanger 502, connecting the heat exchange tubes in the high-temperature heat exchanger 501 and the low-temperature heat exchanger 502. A demineralized water inlet pipe 504 is provided at the bottom of the low-temperature heat exchanger 502, and a steam outlet pipe 505 is provided at the bottom of the high-temperature heat exchanger 501. The demineralized water inlet pipe 504 is connected to the heat exchange tubes in the low-temperature heat exchanger 502, and the steam outlet pipe 505 is connected to the heat exchange tubes in the high-temperature heat exchanger 501. Two furnace top gas connecting pipes 503 are arranged in parallel between the high-temperature heat exchanger 501 and the low-temperature heat exchanger 502.

[0123] The furnace top gas outlet of the heat exchanger 5 is connected to the lower furnace top gas inlet of the closed bag filter 2 via a connecting pipe 201. A temperature-regulating hydrogen pipeline 202 is installed on the connecting pipe 201.

[0124] The closed-loop baghouse dust collector 2 includes a dust collector body, filter bags 204, and an ash discharge assembly. The filter bags 204 are disposed within the dust collector body, and the ash discharge assembly is disposed below the dust collector body. The dust collector body includes an upper cylinder 203 and a lower cone 205 connected sequentially from top to bottom. The connecting pipe 201, near one end of the closed-loop baghouse dust collector 2, enters the dust collector body from the lower part of the upper cylinder 203 and bends downward into the lower cone 205. The lower outlet of the lower cone 205 is connected to an intermediate tank 206. Hemispherical valves 207 are respectively installed at the upper and lower parts of the intermediate tank 206. The lower outlet of the dust collector body is connected to the upper inlet of the dust collector 102 via a pipe. A star-shaped ash discharge valve 208 and a pneumatic conveying device 209 are sequentially connected to the lower outlet of the intermediate tank 206. The dust collector body is provided with a manhole 210. The dust collector body is also provided with a bag filter pressure relief valve 211 and a bag filter vent valve group 212. The top gas outlet of the sealed bag filter device 2 is connected to the top gas inlet of the condensing device through a bag filter outlet pipe 213. A bag filter safety valve 214 is provided on the bag filter outlet pipe 213.

[0125] The condensing unit 3 has a series-parallel structure, meaning that multiple condensers 301 are connected in series, forming a condenser series group. The condensing unit includes multiple condenser series groups arranged in parallel. The series-parallel structure condensing unit 3 includes three condenser series groups arranged in parallel, and each condenser series group includes four condensers 301 connected in series. In each condenser series group, as follows... Figure 2As shown, the four condensers are named sequentially from left to right: First Condenser, Second Condenser, Third Condenser, and Fourth Condenser. The upper end of the First Condenser's top gas inlet collecting pipe 312 is connected to the bag filter dust collector outlet pipe 213, distributing the top gas to the three parallel First Condensers through the inlet collecting pipe 312. Each condenser has a cooling water outlet pipe 303 at its upper part and a cooling water inlet pipe 302 at its lower part. The cooling water outlet pipe 303 is equipped with an outlet manifold, and the cooling water inlet pipe 302 is equipped with an inlet manifold. The lower end of the densely packed condenser tubes 304 of the First Condenser is connected to the Second Condenser. The lower end of the densely packed condenser tubes 304 of the condenser is connected to the first condenser connecting pipe. The upper end of the densely packed condenser tubes 304 of the second condenser is connected to the upper end of the densely packed condenser tubes 304 of the third condenser through the second condenser connecting pipe. The lower end of the densely packed condenser tubes 304 of the third condenser is connected to the lower end of the densely packed condenser tubes 304 of the fourth condenser through the third condenser connecting pipe. A furnace top gas outlet collecting pipe 313 is provided at the furnace top gas outlet of the upper end of the fourth condenser. The upper part of the collecting pipe 313 is connected to the furnace top gas outlet pipe 308 of the condenser. Condensate outlet pipes 307 are respectively provided on the first condenser connecting pipe and the third condenser connecting pipe.

[0126] The ratio of the distance between the central axes of two adjacent condenser tubes to the outer diameter of the condenser tube is 1.5.

[0127] The densely packed condenser tube 304 has a structure combining an inner spiral tube and a deflector 315. The spiral angle of the spiral groove inside the tube is 40°. The deflector 315 is a spiral stainless steel strip, disposed inside the densely packed condenser tube 304, extending spirally along the axial direction of the densely packed condenser tube 304. Both ends of the deflector 315 are welded and fixed to the ends of the densely packed condenser tube 304. The ratio of the pitch of the deflector 315 to the inner diameter of the tube is 1.0. The spiral direction of the deflector 315 is opposite to the spiral direction of the spiral groove structure on the inner wall of the densely packed condenser tube 304.

[0128] The cooling water chamber of the condenser 301 adopts a baffle plate 314 structure. The baffle plate 314 is a perforated plate with multiple holes on a semi-circular steel plate, through which the closely spaced condenser tubes 304 can pass. The baffle plate 314 is staggered along the length of the closely spaced condenser tubes 304 and is welded to the outer wall of the closely spaced condenser tubes 304.

[0129] A condenser furnace top gas outlet safety valve 309 is installed on the condenser furnace top gas outlet pipe 308. The condenser furnace top gas outlet pipe 308 of the condensing device 3 is connected to the inlet pipe 405 at the bottom of the dehydration and demisting device 4 through the furnace top gas vertical pipe 310.

[0130] The dehydration and demisting device 4 is internally arranged from top to bottom as follows: a centrifugal demister 406, an internal spray assembly 401, and a swirl plate 407. The inlet pipe 405 is connected to the dehydration and demisting device 4 tangentially from the lower outer circumference of the device. The centrifugal demister 406 uses a waterproof motor-driven centrifugal impeller to achieve centrifugal demisting.

[0131] The dehydration and demisting device 4 is a dehydration and demisting tower. The upper end of the dehydration and demisting tower is equipped with a safety valve 402 and a pressure relief valve 403. The upper and lower ends of the dehydration and demisting tower are respectively equipped with manholes 404.

[0132] The system also includes a wastewater storage tank 6, which is connected to the condensate outlet pipe 307 of the condensing device 3, the inlet pipe 405 of the dehydration and demisting device 4, and the bottom wastewater outlet of the dehydration and demisting device 4. An inlet ball valve 601 is installed on the pipes connecting the wastewater storage tank 6 to the condensate outlet pipe 307, the inlet pipe 405, and the bottom wastewater outlet of the dehydration and demisting device 4. The wastewater storage tank 6 is also equipped with a wastewater discharge pipe and a wastewater drain ball valve 602.

[0133] The pure hydrogen vertical furnace top gas dry purification system also includes a hydrogen compressor and a hydrogen cold dryer connected in sequence, and the hydrogen compressor is connected to the top outlet of the dehydration and demisting device 4.

[0134] Example 2

[0135] This embodiment provides a dry purification method for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnace, employing the dry purification system for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnace as described in Embodiment 1, including:

[0136] The top gas from the pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnace enters the cyclone dust collector 1 for coarse dust removal, including: the top gas is accelerated through the reducing pipe 1013 and enters the upper cylinder 1011 tangentially from the circumference. Due to the high-speed downward tangential flow of the airflow in the cylinder, a downward vortex centrifugal force is generated, which separates the coarse particles in the top gas from the airflow. The top gas after coarse dust removal enters the heat exchanger 5 from the central pipe 1014 of the upper cylinder 1011. The dust enters the lower cylinder 1012 and is discharged through the two-layer hemispherical valve 1016 and the intermediate tank 1015. Then, it is discharged into the pneumatic conveying device 1018 through the star-shaped ash discharge valve 1017. The dust is sent to the dust collector 102 through the pipeline. The pneumatic conveying device 1018 can use high-pressure nitrogen for pneumatic conveying. The dust enters the elevated hopper of the dust collector 102 from the upper inlet of the dust collector 102. The dust collector 102 serves as a dust storage hopper.

[0137] To prevent the dust airflow from eroding and wearing the interior of the dust collector body 101, unshaped refractory materials such as heat-insulating bricks, clay bricks, and refractory castables are installed inside the dust collector body 101.

[0138] The furnace top gas, after coarse dust removal, enters heat exchanger 5 for heat exchange. This includes: the furnace top gas, after coarse dust removal by cyclone dust collector 1, enters heat exchanger 5, where it exchanges heat with 20°C demineralized water to generate saturated steam (taking a 500,000-ton-per-year pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnace as an example, the saturated steam temperature is 200°C, the pressure is 1.6 MPa, and the steam flow rate is 12 t / h), recovering the sensible heat of the furnace top gas. The temperature of the furnace top gas after heat exchange is reduced to below 150°C. Heat exchanger 5 is used to absorb heat from the high-temperature dust-laden furnace top gas after coarse dust removal by cyclone dust collector 1 and to produce steam as a byproduct, which can be used for power generation or external steam supply to the pipeline network, while simultaneously reducing the furnace top gas temperature from 300°C to below 150°C.

[0139] The heat-exchanged furnace top gas enters a closed-loop bag filter 2 for dry deep dust removal, including: filter bags 204 in the closed-loop bag filter 2 are used to filter dust in the furnace top gas, and the dust content of the filtered furnace top gas is 5 mg / m³. 3 Within this range, it meets the requirements of a hydrogen pressurizer. The filtered fine dust passes sequentially through the lower cone 205, the upper hemispherical valve 207, the intermediate tank 206, and the lower hemispherical valve 207, and is discharged by the star-shaped ash discharge valve 208. The discharged dust is then transported to the dust collector 102 for storage via the pneumatic conveying device 209.

[0140] The purified low-temperature hydrogen gas at approximately 40°C is introduced through the temperature-regulating hydrogen pipe 202 to dynamically regulate the temperature of the furnace top gas entering the bag filter, ensuring that its temperature is around 150°C to prevent the bag filter from burning due to high temperature.

[0141] To prevent the furnace top gas temperature from being too low and sticking to the filter bags, the water flow rate at the soft water inlet 505 of the heat exchanger needs to be adjusted.

[0142] The furnace top gas after the dry deep dust removal process enters the condensing device 3 for condensation and water removal, including: cooling water is distributed to the condenser inlet pipe 302 through the cooling water inlet manifold and enters the cooling water chamber of each condenser. Then, the cooling water passes through the condenser baffle in sequence. The cooling water changes its flow direction with the baffle and is then discharged from the cooling water outlet pipe 303. Finally, it is discharged through the outlet manifold. The top gas from the closed-loop bag filter 2 enters the inlet gas collecting pipe 312 through the bag filter outlet pipe 213. The inlet gas collecting pipe 312 distributes the top gas to the first condenser in each condenser series group. The gas then passes sequentially through the closely spaced condenser tubes 304 in the first condenser, the first condenser connecting pipe, the closely spaced condenser tubes 304 in the second condenser, the second condenser connecting pipe, the closely spaced condenser tubes 304 in the third condenser, the second condenser connecting pipe, and the closely spaced condenser tubes 304 in the fourth condenser. Finally, the gas is collected through the condenser top gas outlet collecting pipe 313 and enters the dehydration and demisting device 4 through the condenser top gas outlet pipe 308. The top gas is cooled to 45°C by cooling water, and the water vapor is converted into mist droplets, which condense into water droplets on the inner wall of the closely spaced condenser tubes 304. The condensate formed in each condenser is discharged to the wastewater storage tank 6 through the condensate outlet pipe 307.

[0143] The condensed top gas from the condenser 3 enters the dehydration and demisting device 4 for further dehydration and demisting. The process includes: the top gas from the condenser 301 at a temperature of 45°C enters the swirl plate 407 tangentially from the lower outer circumference of the dehydration and demisting device 4 and rises in a vortex. The water and gas in the top gas have different densities. During the upward vortex of the airflow, due to the action of gravity and vortex force, gas-water separation is achieved for further dehydration.

[0144] The rising furnace top gas passing through the swirl plate 407 is driven at high speed by the impeller motor of the centrifugal demister 406, generating a large centrifugal force that achieves centrifugal demisting of the furnace top gas. The temperature of the furnace top gas after centrifugal demisting is approximately 40℃, and the dust content is less than 5mg / m³. 3 The furnace top gas after centrifugal dehydration and demisting is mainly composed of hydrogen, with a hydrogen content greater than 99%, which meets the requirements of the pressurizer and refrigerated dryer.

[0145] The furnace top gas (circulating hydrogen) after passing through the dehydration and demisting device 4 is then pressurized (to 0.4 MPa) by a hydrogen compressor, and then treated by a hydrogen refrigerated dryer. The moisture content of the treated furnace top gas (hydrogen) is 0.3%, the temperature of the purified hydrogen is approximately 40°C, the hydrogen purity is 99.7%, and the dust content is 3 mg / m³. 3 .

[0146] Example 3

[0147] This embodiment provides a pure hydrogen vertical furnace system, including a pure hydrogen vertical furnace and the dry purification system for the furnace top gas of Embodiment 1. The furnace top gas discharged from the pure hydrogen vertical furnace is purified by the dry purification system and then returned to the pure hydrogen vertical furnace for recycling.

[0148] Example 4

[0149] This embodiment provides a dry purification method for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace similar to that of Embodiment 2. It adopts a dry purification system for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace similar to that of Embodiment 1. The difference is that the top gas inlet of the upper cylinder 1011 is not a variable diameter pipe, but a non-variable diameter pipe.

[0150] The purified furnace top gas (hydrogen) has a moisture content of 0.3%, a temperature of approximately 40℃, a purity of 99.7%, and a dust content of 4.5 mg / m³. 3 .

[0151] Example 5

[0152] This embodiment provides a dry purification method for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace, similar to that of Embodiment 2. It adopts a dry purification system for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace, similar to that of Embodiment 1. The difference is that the condensing device 3 includes only one condenser.

[0153] The purified furnace top gas (hydrogen) has a moisture content of 0.6%, a temperature of approximately 60℃, a purity of 99.4%, and a dust content of 3 mg / m³. 3 .

[0154] Example 6

[0155] This embodiment provides a dry purification method for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace, similar to that of Embodiment 2. It adopts a dry purification system for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace, similar to that of Embodiment 1. The difference is that the inner wall of the densely packed condenser tubes 304 is a non-spiral tube structure, i.e., a planar structure, and there are no turbulent elements inside.

[0156] The purified furnace top gas (hydrogen) has a moisture content of 0.5%, a temperature of approximately 50°C, a purity of 99.5%, and a dust content of 3 mg / m³. 3 .

[0157] Example 7

[0158] This embodiment provides a dry purification method for pure hydrogen vertical furnace top gas similar to that in Embodiment 2, and adopts a dry purification system for pure hydrogen vertical furnace top gas similar to that in Embodiment 1. The difference is that the dehydration and demisting device 4 does not have a centrifugal demister 406.

[0159] The purified furnace top gas (hydrogen) has a moisture content of 0.5%, a temperature of approximately 45℃, a purity of 99.5%, and a dust content of 3 mg / m³. 3 .

[0160] Example 8

[0161] This embodiment provides a dry purification method for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace, similar to that of Embodiment 2. It adopts a dry purification system for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace, similar to that of Embodiment 1. The difference is that no baffles are installed in the cooling water chamber of the condenser.

[0162] The purified furnace top gas (hydrogen) has a moisture content of 0.5%, a temperature of approximately 45℃, a purity of 99.5%, and a dust content of 3 mg / m³. 3 .

[0163] Example 9

[0164] This embodiment provides a dry purification method for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnace, similar to that of Embodiment 2. It employs a similar dry purification system as Embodiment 1, except that purified hydrogen gas is used instead of demineralized water for heat exchange in the heat exchanger. Taking a 500,000-ton-per-year pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnace as an example, the top gas in heat exchanger 5 reacts with 152620 Nm³ of hydrogen gas for reduction at 50°C. 3 / h (purified circulating hydrogen at 60℃ 117125 Nm) 3 / h and 20℃ replenishment of fresh hydrogen 35495Nm 3 The mixture is preheated to 200°C for reduction, and then used for subsequent heating to 1050°C. The sensible heat of the furnace top gas is recovered, reducing the energy required for subsequent hydrogen heating.

[0165] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dry purification system for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnace, characterized in that, The dry purification system for the top gas of the pure hydrogen vertical furnace includes a cyclone dust collector (1), a heat exchanger (5), a closed bag dust collector (2), a condenser (3), and a dehydration and demisting device (4) connected in sequence along the gas flow direction at the top of the furnace. The cyclone dust collector (1) includes a dust collector body (101) and a dust collector (102). The lower outlet of the dust collector body (101) is connected to the upper inlet of the dust collector (102). The dust collector body (101) includes an upper cylinder (1011) and a lower cylinder (1012) connected from top to bottom. The upper part of the upper cylinder (1011) is provided with a furnace top gas inlet. The furnace top gas inlet is provided with a variable diameter pipe (1013). The diameter of the variable diameter pipe (1013) decreases from large to small. The variable diameter pipe (1013) is connected to the circumferential tangent of the upper cylinder (1011). The furnace top gas outlet of the heat exchanger (5) is connected to the furnace top gas inlet at the bottom of the closed bag dust collector (2) through a connecting pipe (201), and a temperature-regulating hydrogen pipeline (202) is provided on the connecting pipe (201). The heat exchanger (5) includes a high-temperature heat exchanger (501) and a low-temperature heat exchanger (502). The bottom of the high-temperature heat exchanger (501) is connected to the central tube (1014) of the dust collector body (101). The high-temperature heat exchanger (501) and the low-temperature heat exchanger (502) are connected through the furnace top gas connection pipe (503). The lower gas outlet of the low-temperature heat exchanger (502) is connected to the lower inlet of the closed bag dust collector (2). The condensing device (3) includes two or more interconnected condensers (301), each of which is provided with a densely packed condenser tube (304); in the densely packed condenser tube (304), the ratio of the distance between the central axes of two adjacent condenser tubes to the outer diameter of the condenser tube is 1.25-2.

0. The densely packed condenser tube (304) is a structure combining an inner spiral tube structure and a turbulence disruptor (315). The turbulence disruptor (315) is a spiral stainless steel strip, which is disposed inside the tube of the densely packed condenser tube (304). The turbulence disruptor (315) extends spirally along the axial direction of the densely packed condenser tube (304). The spiral direction of the turbulence disruptor (315) is opposite to the spiral direction of the spiral groove structure on the inner wall of the densely packed condenser tube (304). The ratio of the pitch of the turbulence disruptor (315) to the inner diameter of the tube is 0.5-1.

5. The furnace top gas with a temperature of 40-60°C from the condenser (301) enters the swirl plate (407) tangentially from the lower outer circumference of the dehydration and demisting device (4) and rises in a vortex. The water and gas in the furnace top gas have different densities. During the upward vortex of the airflow, due to the action of gravity and vortex force, gas-water separation is achieved and further dehydration is achieved. The outlet of the condenser (3) is connected to the inlet pipe (405) at the bottom of the dehydration and demisting device (4); The dehydration and demisting device (4) is equipped with a centrifugal demister (406), an internal spray assembly (401), and a swirl plate (407) arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The inlet pipe (405) is connected to the dehydration and demisting device (4) along the tangential direction from the lower outer circumference of the device. The furnace top gas rises in a vortex shape through the swirl plate (407) for gas-water separation and further dehydration.

2. The dry purification system for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The closed bag filter dust collector (2) includes a dust collector housing, a filter bag (204) and an ash removal assembly. The filter bag (204) is disposed inside the dust collector housing, and the ash removal assembly is disposed below the dust collector housing.

3. The dry purification system for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The closely spaced condenser tubes (304) in two adjacent condensers (301) are connected by a condenser connecting pipe (306), and the cooling water chambers of two adjacent condensers (301) are connected by a cooling water connecting pipe (311).

4. The dry purification system for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pure hydrogen vertical furnace top gas dry purification system also includes a hydrogen compressor and a hydrogen cold dryer connected in sequence, and the hydrogen compressor is connected to the top outlet of the dehydration and demisting device (4).

5. A dry purification method for the top gas of a pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnace, characterized in that, The dry purification system for the top gas of a vertical shaft furnace using any one of claims 1-4 is characterized in that the method comprises: The gas from the top of the pure hydrogen vertical furnace enters the cyclone dust collector (1) for coarse dust removal; The furnace top gas after coarse dust removal enters the heat exchanger (5) for heat exchange; The heat exchanged furnace top gas enters a closed bag filter (2) for dry deep dust removal; The furnace top gas that has undergone the dry deep dust removal process enters the condensation device (3) for condensation and water removal; The condensed furnace top gas from the condensing device (3) enters the dehydration and demisting device (4) for further dehydration and demisting.

6. A pure hydrogen vertical shaft furnace system, characterized in that, The pure hydrogen vertical furnace system includes the dry purification system for the furnace top gas of the pure hydrogen vertical furnace as described in any one of claims 1-4.

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