A method for drilling a waist-shaped hole of an oversized component in a limited space

Abstract

The application discloses a method for drilling waist-shaped holes in two large components in a limited space, which comprises the following steps: S1, port matching and gap control between the two components; S2, preparing a drilling template; S3, installing the drilling template; S4, drilling diagonally positioned waist-shaped holes in the two components; S5, repeating steps S3 and S4 to drill waist-shaped holes in a web plate position; S6, repeating steps S3 to S5 to drill waist-shaped holes in a top plate position; and S7, repeating steps S3 to S5 to drill waist-shaped holes in a bottom plate position. The application ensures the forming size of the hole group and solves the problems of verticality over tolerance and unstable size of the holes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the assembly technology of ultra-large components, and more specifically, to a method for drilling waist-shaped holes in ultra-large components in confined spaces. Background Technology

[0002] To accelerate construction, prefabricated buildings have gradually become the mainstream construction method due to technological advancements. High-strength bolts, with their high strength and ease of installation, are widely used in prefabricated buildings. To facilitate on-site bolt installation and adjustment and improve compatibility, bolt mounting holes need to be made into oblong shapes. Consequently, the processing requirements for oblong holes are becoming increasingly stringent.

[0003] Traditionally, the machining of oblong holes is carried out using CNC machining centers. However, due to limitations such as component size, equipment specifications, and machining site, such machining equipment cannot meet the machining requirements of all components. In confined spaces, only portable equipment such as magnetic drills can be used to machine holes. Since portable equipment cannot be effectively fixed, problems such as displacement and large spindle runout occur during machining, and the forming size of the hole group cannot be guaranteed. When the component plate thickness reaches a certain thickness, the perpendicularity deviation of the hole exceeds the standard value, resulting in the problem of large upper opening size and small lower opening size. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects in the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for drilling waist-shaped holes in ultra-large components in a confined space, so as to ensure the forming size of the hole group and solve the problems of excessive perpendicularity and unstable size of the holes.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for drilling oblong holes in confined spaces for ultra-large components includes the following steps:

[0007] S1, Port matching and clearance control between two components;

[0008] S2. Prepare the drilling template;

[0009] S3. Install the drilling template;

[0010] S4. Drill diagonally positioned waist-shaped holes on the two components;

[0011] S5. Repeat steps S3 and S4 to drill a waist-shaped hole at the web position.

[0012] S6. Repeat steps S3 to S5 to drill a waist-shaped hole at the top plate position;

[0013] S7. Repeat steps S3 to S5 to drill a waist-shaped hole at the bottom plate position.

[0014] Preferably, step S1 is as follows:

[0015] When the two components are matched, a 100mm weld seam is reserved at the end of one component and no welding is performed. After all the weld seams are completed on the other component, the misalignment of the two components is adjusted.

[0016] Preferably, the misalignment between the two components is within ±1 mm.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, the center positioning error of any two waist-shaped holes in the hole group on the drilling template is within ±1mm;

[0018] The flatness of the drill template is 1 mm / m.

[0019] Preferably, the edge of the drill template is provided with a groove;

[0020] The tolerances of the major and minor axes of the waist-shaped holes on the drilling template are within 0 to 0.03 mm.

[0021] Preferably, a drill sleeve is provided on the edge of the waist-shaped hole of the drill template;

[0022] The tolerances of the outer ring major and minor axes of the drill bushing are within 0.01 to 0.03 mm, and the tolerances of the inner ring major and minor axes are within 0.1 to 0.35 mm.

[0023] The drill bushing is designed to be asymmetrical, with the left major axis dimension being L / 2+0.2mm and the right major axis dimension being L / 2+0.3mm.

[0024] L is the theoretical value of the major axis.

[0025] Preferably, step S3 is as follows:

[0026] Drill four positioning holes on the two components and set a reference line according to the group of holes;

[0027] The diameter of the positioning circular hole is smaller than the short axis dimension of the waist-shaped hole on the drilling template;

[0028] The drill template is fixed by screwing bolts into the positioning holes. During fixing, the groove of the drill template is aligned with the baseline.

[0029] Preferably, step S4 is as follows:

[0030] Drill four diagonally spaced positioning holes on the two components and install waist-shaped positioning pins.

[0031] First, use a magnetic drill to drill a round hole on one side of the long axis of the positioning waist hole, but do not drill through; then drill a round hole on the other side of the long axis of the positioning waist hole; finally, drill through the round hole on one side of the long axis of the positioning waist hole; grind the overlapping area of ​​the two round holes smooth.

[0032] The drill template is positioned using a waist-shaped punch.

[0033] Preferably, step S5 is as follows:

[0034] The holes on the drilling template are drilled sequentially from the middle outwards to both sides.

[0035] Use a plug to block the positioning hole, and repeat step S4 to drill the hole.

[0036] Preferably, step S7 is as follows:

[0037] First, drill circular positioning holes from the bottom of the base plate, and then install the drilling template on the top of the top plate according to the circular positioning holes.

[0038] The present invention provides a method for drilling oblong holes in confined spaces for ultra-large components. It has wide applicability and is not limited by factors such as component size, equipment specifications, and processing site. The processing size of the oblong holes is large and is not limited by the size of the drill bit of the processing equipment. It effectively ensures the verticality of the oblong holes. It requires low skill level from construction personnel and can achieve high-precision hole drilling with simple and portable equipment. It is economically efficient, as the drilling template can be reused multiple times, and the consumption of the drilling template is low, which is conducive to large-scale drilling processing in confined spaces. Attached Figure Description

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the method for drilling waist-shaped holes according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drilling template in the waist-shaped hole drilling method of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the drill sleeve;

[0042] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the drilling template positioning in the waist-shaped hole drilling method of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of drilling a waist-shaped hole in the waist-shaped hole drilling method of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the plugging hole in the waist-shaped hole drilling method of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the I-shaped component in the waist-shaped hole drilling method of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of drilling the positioning hole on the bottom plate in the waist-shaped hole drilling method of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of drilling a waist-shaped hole on the base plate in the waist-shaped hole drilling method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To better understand the above-mentioned technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0049] Combination Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for drilling oblong holes in confined spaces for ultra-large components, comprising the following steps:

[0050] S1, Port matching and clearance control between two components 1 and 2;

[0051] When matching two components 1 and 2, a 100mm weld seam is left at the end of one component 1 and is not welded. After all the weld seams are completed on the other component 2, the misalignment of the two components 1 and 2 can be adjusted.

[0052] S2, Prepare the drilling template 3;

[0053] According to the size of the oblong hole, the corresponding drilling template 3 is made. The center positioning error of any two oblong holes in the hole group on the drilling template 3 is within ±1mm. The overall flatness of the drilling template 3 is 1mm / m.

[0054] S3. Install drill template 3;

[0055] Drill four positioning holes 4, and install the drilling template 3 according to the hole group baseline;

[0056] S4. Drill diagonally positioned oblong holes;

[0057] Drill four diagonally positioned oblong holes on the two components 1 and 2, and install oblong positioning pins;

[0058] S5, drill other oblong holes;

[0059] Repeat steps S3 and S4 to drill the waist-shaped hole at the web position and grind the lap joint of the middle round hole.

[0060] S6, equipped with a drilled top plate waist-shaped hole;

[0061] Repeat steps S3 to S5 to drill a waist-shaped hole at the top plate position;

[0062] S7, equipped with a drilled waist-shaped hole in the base plate;

[0063] Repeat steps S3 to S5 to drill a waist-shaped hole at the bottom plate position.

[0064] In step S1 above, to ensure the matching accuracy of the hole group and facilitate on-site installation, the misalignment between the two components 1 and 2 must be within ±1mm.

[0065] In step S2 above, the drill template 3 needs to be machined with a slot 31 during manufacturing so that the reference line of the hole group can be verified when the drill template 3 is installed.

[0066] The tolerances of the major and minor axes of the oblong holes on the drilling template 3 must be within 0 to 0.03 mm.

[0067] To ensure the accuracy and wear resistance of the drill template 3, a corresponding drill sleeve 32 is made on the edge of the oblong hole of the drill template 3, such as... Figure 2 As shown, drill bushing 32 needs to be manufactured using carbon tool steel, such as T10A or HRC58-64. The tolerances of the outer ring major and minor axes of drill bushing 32 are within 0.01 to 0.03 mm, and the tolerances of the inner ring major and minor axes are within 0.1 to 0.35 mm.

[0068] To ensure the perpendicularity of the oblong hole, the drill bushing 32 is manufactured with left and right asymmetry. The left major axis dimension is L / 2 + 0.2 mm, and the right major axis dimension is L / 2 + 0.3 mm, where L is the theoretical value of the major axis. Figure 3 As shown.

[0069] In step S3 above, in order to ensure the quality of the waist-shaped hole later, the diameter of the positioning round hole 4 must be smaller than the short axis dimension of the waist-shaped hole on the drilling template 3 (approximately 10mm smaller in diameter).

[0070] After the drill template 3 is positioned, bolts are screwed into the positioning holes 4 to fix the drill template 3 in place to withstand the impact force during drilling. During fixing, the edge of the groove 32 of the drill template 3 must be aligned with the reference line of the hole group. Figure 4 As shown.

[0071] In step S4 above, when using a magnetic drill to drill, the drill bit diameter must be 0.2 mm larger than the hole diameter to ensure the formed size of the hole after drilling.

[0072] To ensure the uniform force on the drill bit and reduce the size of the oblong hole caused by spindle runout, first drill the circular hole 5 on one side of the long axis of the oblong hole (this circular hole 5 is not drilled through initially; its depth is approximately 3 / 4 of the plate thickness. The magnetic drill will be modified according to the drilling depth, adding a travel limit stop at the stroke position). Then drill the circular hole 6 on the other side of the long axis of the oblong hole. Before drilling, a groove 7 needs to be installed at the overlap of the two circular holes 5 and 6 to ensure uniform force on the drill bit during drilling. Figure 5 As shown.

[0073] Next, drill through the remaining 1 / 4 of the plate thickness of the round hole 5. Finally, grind the overlapping area of ​​the two round holes 5 and 6 smooth.

[0074] The drill template 3 is positioned using a waist-shaped punch. The punch accuracy must be within 0 to +0.2 to avoid vibrations during processing that could cause the positioning bolts to fail to tighten, resulting in displacement of the drill template 3 and deviations in the hole size.

[0075] In step S5 above, the remaining waist-shaped holes are drilled in the order of web plate and top plate during the drilling process, and the hole group is drilled from the middle to both sides.

[0076] Before drilling, the positioning hole 4 should be filled with a plug of the same material 8 to ensure that the drill bit is evenly stressed during drilling. Then, repeat step S4 to drill the hole. Figure 6 As shown.

[0077] In step 7, when components 1 and 2 are box-shaped structures, oblong holes can be directly drilled inside the box at the bottom plate position; when the cross-section of components 1 and 2 is an I-beam structure, the lower surface of the bottom plate is a single connecting plate 9, and the upper surface of the bottom plate consists of two connecting plates 10, symmetrically arranged on both sides of the web plate 11, as shown below. Figure 7 As shown.

[0078] When drilling holes in the base plate, first drill circular positioning holes 12 from the bottom of the base plate to ensure that the spacing between the holes on both sides of the web plate 11 meets the requirements. Figure 8 As shown.

[0079] After the positioning holes are drilled, install the drill template 3 on the upper part of the top plate according to the positioning holes, and then perform drilling. Figure 9 As shown.

[0080] Those skilled in the art should recognize that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any variations or modifications to the above embodiments that are within the spirit and essence of the present invention will fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for drilling oblong holes in confined spaces for ultra-large components, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Port matching and clearance control between two components, as detailed below: When matching two components, a 100mm weld seam is left at the end of one component, but no welding is performed. After all the weld seams are completed on the other component, the misalignment of the two components is adjusted. The misalignment between the two components is within ±1mm; Both of the aforementioned components are I-beam structures, with one end of the drilling template on component (1) and the other end on component (2); S2. Prepare the drilling template. The center positioning error of any two oblong holes in the hole group on the drilling template is within ±1mm; The tolerances of the major and minor axes of the waist-shaped holes on the drilling template are within 0 to 0.03 mm. The edge of the waist-shaped hole of the drilling template is provided with a drill sleeve; The tolerances of the outer ring major and minor axes of the drill bushing are within 0.01~0.03mm, and the tolerances of the inner ring major and minor axes are within 0.1~0.35mm. The drill bushing is designed to be asymmetrical, with the left major axis dimension being L / 2+0.2mm and the right major axis dimension being L / 2+0.3mm, where L is the theoretical value of the major axis. S3. Install the drill template, as follows: Drill four positioning holes on the two components and set a reference line according to the group of holes; The diameter of the positioning circular hole is smaller than the short axis dimension of the waist-shaped hole on the drilling template; The drilling template is fixed by screwing bolts into the positioning holes. During fixing, the groove of the drilling template is aligned with the baseline. S4. Drill diagonally positioned oblong holes on the two components, as follows: Drill four diagonally spaced positioning holes on the two components and install waist-shaped positioning pins. First, use a magnetic drill to drill a round hole on one side of the long axis of the positioning waist hole, but do not drill through; then drill a round hole on the other side of the long axis of the positioning waist hole; finally, drill through the round hole on one side of the long axis of the positioning waist hole; grind the overlapping area of ​​the two round holes smooth. The drill template is positioned using a waist-shaped punch; S5. Repeat steps S3 and S4 to drill a waist-shaped hole at the web position. S6. Repeat steps S3 to S5 to drill a waist-shaped hole at the top plate position; S7. Repeat steps S3 to S5 to drill a waist-shaped hole at the bottom plate position.

2. The method for drilling oblong holes in confined spaces for ultra-large components according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2 The flatness of the drill template is 1 mm / m.

3. The method for drilling oblong holes in confined spaces for ultra-large components according to claim 2, characterized in that: The edge of the drilling template is provided with a groove.

4. The method for drilling oblong holes in confined spaces for ultra-large components according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5 is as follows: The holes on the drilling template are drilled sequentially from the middle outwards to both sides. Use a plug to block the positioning hole, and repeat step S4 to drill the hole.

5. The method for drilling oblong holes in confined spaces for ultra-large components according to claim 4, characterized in that, Step S7 is as follows: First, drill circular positioning holes from the bottom of the base plate, and then install the drilling template on the top of the top plate according to the circular positioning holes.

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