A copper-steel dissimilar metal joining method

Abstract

The application provides a copper-steel dissimilar metal connecting method, taking steel as a base material, preparing a copper alloy on a surface of the steel base material by using a CMT electric arc additive manufacturing technology, forming a copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint in a mode of an intermediate transition layer and / or a size gradient transition, so that at least one crack defect of the copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint is eliminated, and good fusion of the copper-steel two metals is realized. The copper-steel dissimilar metal connecting method provided by the application solves a defect control problem of a copper-steel dissimilar metal fusion welding connecting interface, avoids generation of penetration crack defects and / or edge cracking defects, and realizes good fusion of the copper-steel dissimilar metal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dissimilar metal joining technology, and more specifically, to a method for joining copper and steel dissimilar metals. Background Technology

[0002] Dissimilar metal joining technology can fully utilize the unique properties of different metals, maximizing their strengths and minimizing their weaknesses. Joining steel and copper can meet the requirements of high strength, high electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity in workpieces; furthermore, depositing copper alloys on the steel surface can improve wear and corrosion resistance, and enhance sealing capabilities. Composite joints between steel and copper are found in fields such as nuclear power, aerospace, chemical engineering, metallurgy, and electromechanical engineering. However, if the differences between dissimilar metals are significant, they may be difficult to fuse, leading to welding defects.

[0003] Copper and steel differ significantly in their thermophysical properties, such as melting point, thermal conductivity, coefficient of linear expansion, and shrinkage rate. This makes their welded joints prone to penetration cracks and edge cracking defects. This is because during the copper-steel fusion welding crystallization process, microscopic cracks form on the surface of the steel crystallization. Liquid copper easily wets these microscopic cracks and, through capillary action, penetrates them, forming penetration cracks. At the copper-steel fusion interface, the incorporation of impurities and harmful elements easily leads to the formation of low-melting-point eutectics and brittle compounds, reducing the toughness, plasticity, conductivity, and corrosion resistance of the composite joint. Simultaneously, stress concentration at the fusion interface edge results in edge cracking defects. These defects reduce the fatigue strength and performance of copper-steel structural components, shortening their service life.

[0004] Currently, domestic and international methods for welding dissimilar metals like copper and steel mainly include brazing, explosive welding, and vacuum diffusion welding. For example, patent CN111168204A involves prefabricating a nickel sheet between copper and steel and using TIG welding to form a metal joint. However, this method results in composite joints with limited size and poor performance. Patents CN106270868A, CN108453350A, and CN112170996A all use brazing to form copper-steel composite joints. These connection methods also result in joints with low corrosion resistance and insufficient performance, and their application is somewhat limited. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a copper-steel dissimilar metal joining method to solve the problem of defect control at the interface of copper-steel dissimilar metal fusion welding, avoid the generation of penetration crack defects and / or edge crack defects, and achieve good fusion of copper-steel dissimilar metals.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention proposes a copper-steel dissimilar metal joining method. Using steel as the substrate, a copper alloy is prepared on the surface of the steel substrate using CMT arc additive manufacturing technology. Through an intermediate transition layer and / or a size gradient transition, a copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint is formed, thereby eliminating at least one crack defect in the copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint and achieving good fusion of the two metals, copper and steel.

[0007] Preferably, the intermediate transition layer is a pure ferrite intermediate transition layer, which serves as a transition material connecting steel and copper, and can prevent molten copper from penetrating along the austenite grain boundaries to eliminate penetration crack defects.

[0008] Preferably, based on an intermediate transition layer, the preparation steps of the copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint are as follows:

[0009] S1: Cleaning of steel substrate surface;

[0010] S2: Preparation of intermediate transition layer: Pure ferrite intermediate transition layer is prepared on the surface of steel substrate using CMT arc additive manufacturing technology;

[0011] S3: Copper alloy additive manufacturing, which uses arc additive manufacturing technology to perform arc additive manufacturing of copper alloy on the upper surface of the intermediate transition layer to form a copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint.

[0012] Preferably, in step S1, mechanical processing and / or acetone cleaning are used to clean the impurities containing rust, oil, and water stains on the surface of the steel substrate, so that the surface of the substrate has a metallic luster.

[0013] Preferably, in step S2, the material thickness of the pure ferrite intermediate transition layer is not less than 0.3 mm.

[0014] Preferably, in step S3, the surface of the intermediate transition layer is first cleaned to remove impurities including oxides, oil stains, and water stains, and then the copper alloy is manufactured by arc additive manufacturing.

[0015] Preferably, the size gradient transition refers to the following: during the additive manufacturing process, the first layer has a larger size, and then the size gradually shrinks to form a size gradient morphology with a large bottom and a small top, so as to reduce the stress at the joint interface edge and eliminate edge cracking defects.

[0016] Preferably, the target dimensions for additive manufacturing of the copper alloy are set as length A mm and width B mm. Based on the size gradient transition method, the preparation steps of the copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint are as follows:

[0017] S1: Cleaning of steel substrate surface;

[0018] S31: Preparation of the first layer of copper alloy: Using arc additive manufacturing technology, the first layer of copper alloy material is prepared on the surface of a steel substrate according to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "A + 12mm length, B + 12mm width".

[0019] S32: Preparation of the second layer of copper alloy: According to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "A+6mm length, B+6mm width", the second layer of copper alloy material is additively manufactured on the basis of the first layer of copper alloy.

[0020] S33: Preparation of the third layer of copper alloy: According to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "Amm length, Bmm width", the third layer of copper alloy material is additively manufactured on the basis of the second layer of copper alloy.

[0021] S34: Complete the arc additive manufacturing of dissimilar copper and steel. According to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "Amm length, Bmm width", continue the subsequent arc additive manufacturing of copper alloy until the height of the copper alloy arc additive manufacturing reaches the preset requirements.

[0022] Preferably, in step S31, the arc additive mode is a pulse mode; while in steps S32-S34, the arc additive mode is CMT mode.

[0023] Preferably, if the target dimensions for additive manufacturing of the copper alloy are set to length A mm and width B mm, then the method includes the following steps:

[0024] S1: Cleaning the surface of the steel substrate to give it a metallic luster;

[0025] S2: Preparation of intermediate transition layer: Pure ferrite intermediate transition layer is prepared on the surface of steel substrate using CMT arc additive manufacturing technology;

[0026] S30: Cleaning of the intermediate transition layer surface to give it a metallic luster;

[0027] S31: Preparation of the first layer of copper alloy using arc additive manufacturing technology. The first layer of copper alloy material is prepared on the surface of the intermediate transition layer according to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "A + 12mm length, B + 12mm width".

[0028] S32: Preparation of the second layer of copper alloy: According to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "A+6mm length, B+6mm width", the second layer of copper alloy material is additively manufactured on the basis of the first layer of copper alloy.

[0029] S33: Preparation of the third layer of copper alloy: According to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "Amm length, Bmm width", the third layer of copper alloy material is additively manufactured on the basis of the second layer of copper alloy.

[0030] S34: Complete the arc additive manufacturing of dissimilar copper and steel. According to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "Amm length, Bmm width", continue the subsequent arc additive manufacturing of copper alloy until the height of the copper alloy arc additive manufacturing reaches the preset requirements.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the copper-steel dissimilar metal joining method of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0032] 1) Solve the problem of defect control at the interface of copper-steel dissimilar metal fusion welding, avoid the generation of penetration crack defects and / or edge crack defects, and achieve good fusion of copper-steel dissimilar metals;

[0033] 2) The composite joint is prepared using arc additive manufacturing technology. The preparation process is stable, the joint quality is reliable and the performance is excellent, and the shape and size of the composite joint are not limited.

[0034] 3) By using an intermediate transition layer and a size gradient transition, all cracks and defects in the copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint are eliminated, achieving good fusion of the two metals, copper and steel. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the morphology of a copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint according to the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of an intermediate transition layer according to the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional microstructure of a size gradient transition according to the present invention.

[0039] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0040] 1-Steel substrate, 2-Pure ferrite intermediate transition layer, 3-Copper alloy dimensional gradient transition, 4-Additively manufactured copper alloy structure. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the above-mentioned objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only some embodiments constituting the present invention, and are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0042] See Figure 1-3 As shown, this invention proposes a copper-steel dissimilar metal joining method. Using steel as the base material, a copper alloy is prepared on the surface of the steel base material 1 using CMT arc additive manufacturing technology. Through an intermediate transition layer and / or a size gradient transition, a copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint is formed, thereby eliminating at least one crack defect in the copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint and achieving good fusion of the two metals, copper and steel.

[0043] Specifically, copper alloys are prepared by fusion welding on the surface of steel substrate 1. If copper alloys are prepared directly on the surface of steel substrate 1, due to the significant difference in physical properties between Cu and Fe, two types of defects will appear at the interface between copper and steel: penetration cracking defects and edge cracking defects. Penetration cracking defects are caused by molten copper penetrating into the interior of steel substrate 1 along the austenite grain boundaries under high temperature, forming hot cracks. Therefore, an intermediate transition layer material can be prepared to prevent copper penetration and eliminate penetration cracking defects. Edge cracking defects are caused by stress concentration at the interface edge of the copper-steel composite joint. Therefore, a size gradient transition method can be used during additive manufacturing to reduce edge stress.

[0044] As a type of fusion welding technology, additive manufacturing allows for precise control of heat input and material properties. Compared to manual TIG welding, it offers controllable heat input, high dimensional accuracy, minimal deformation, and low dilution rate, providing a technical solution to defects in the fusion weld joints of steel and copper. Cold metal transfer (CMT) arc additive manufacturing technology is a low-heat-input fusion welding method that effectively controls heat input, reduces residual stress in composite joints, and suppresses penetration cracking at the copper-steel composite interface by adding a transition layer. In this invention, the welding power source used in the CMT arc additive manufacturing technology can be, for example, the Austrian Fronus CMT welding machine.

[0045] Preferably, the intermediate transition layer is a pure ferrite intermediate transition layer 2, which serves as a transition material connecting steel and copper, and can prevent molten copper from penetrating along the austenite grain boundaries to eliminate penetration crack defects.

[0046] Specifically, the intermediate transition layer, acting as a transitional material between steel and copper, improves the strength and performance of the copper-steel composite joint while eliminating penetration crack defects. This is because pure ferritic materials do not contain austenite grains, thus preventing molten copper from seeping in along the austenite grain boundaries and causing penetration cracks.

[0047] Preferably, based on an intermediate transition layer, the preparation steps of the copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint are as follows:

[0048] S1: Cleaning of the surface of steel substrate 1;

[0049] S2: Preparation of intermediate transition layer: Pure ferrite intermediate transition layer 2 is prepared on the surface of steel substrate 1 using CMT arc additive manufacturing technology;

[0050] S3: Copper alloy additive manufacturing, which uses arc additive manufacturing technology to perform arc additive manufacturing of copper alloy on the upper surface of the intermediate transition layer to form a copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint.

[0051] Specifically, in step S1, rust, oil, water stains, and other impurities on the surface of the steel substrate 1 are removed by machining, acetone cleaning, etc., to give the substrate surface a metallic luster. In step S2, the material thickness of the pure ferrite intermediate transition layer 2 should not be less than 0.3 mm. In step S3, the surface of the intermediate transition layer can be cleaned first to remove oxides, oil, water stains, and other impurities before the arc additive manufacturing of the copper alloy is carried out.

[0052] Preferably, the size gradient transition refers to the following: during the additive manufacturing process, the first layer has a larger size, and then the size gradually shrinks to form a size gradient morphology with a large bottom and a small top, so as to reduce the stress at the joint interface edge and eliminate edge cracking defects.

[0053] Preferably, the target dimensions for additive manufacturing of the copper alloy are set as length A mm and width B mm. Based on the size gradient transition method, the preparation steps of the copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint are as follows:

[0054] S1: Cleaning of the surface of steel substrate 1;

[0055] S31: Preparation of the first layer of copper alloy: Using arc additive manufacturing technology, the first layer of copper alloy material is prepared on the surface of the steel substrate 1 according to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "A + 12mm length, B + 12mm width".

[0056] S32: Preparation of the second layer of copper alloy: According to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "A+6mm length, B+6mm width", the second layer of copper alloy material is additively manufactured on the basis of the first layer of copper alloy.

[0057] S33: Preparation of the third layer of copper alloy: According to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "Amm length, Bmm width", the third layer of copper alloy material is additively manufactured on the basis of the second layer of copper alloy.

[0058] S34: Complete the arc additive manufacturing of dissimilar copper and steel. According to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "Amm length, Bmm width", continue the subsequent arc additive manufacturing of copper alloy until the height of the copper alloy arc additive manufacturing reaches the preset requirements.

[0059] Specifically, based on the target dimensions in steps S33 and S34, in step S31, both the length and width directions need to be extended outwards by 6mm on both sides, and in step S32, both the length and width directions need to be extended outwards by 3mm on both sides, thereby forming an additive manufacturing morphology with a dimensional gradient transition. See details for further information. Figure 1 As shown, the copper alloy size gradient transition 3 includes a first layer of copper alloy and a second layer of copper alloy, and above the copper alloy size gradient transition 3 is an additive manufacturing copper alloy structure 4, which includes a third layer of copper alloy and maintains the same length and width dimensions as the third layer of copper alloy.

[0060] As a preferred example of the present invention, in step S31, the arc additive mode is a pulse mode; while in steps S32-S34, the arc additive mode is CMT mode.

[0061] Preferably, if the target dimensions for additive manufacturing of the copper alloy are set to length A mm and width B mm, then the method includes the following steps:

[0062] S1: Cleaning the surface of steel substrate 1 to give it a metallic luster;

[0063] S2: Preparation of intermediate transition layer: Pure ferrite intermediate transition layer 2 is prepared on the surface of steel substrate 1 using CMT arc additive manufacturing technology;

[0064] S30: Cleaning of the intermediate transition layer surface to give it a metallic luster;

[0065] S31: Preparation of the first layer of copper alloy using arc additive manufacturing technology. The first layer of copper alloy material is prepared on the surface of the intermediate transition layer according to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "A + 12mm length, B + 12mm width".

[0066] S32: Preparation of the second layer of copper alloy: According to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "A+6mm length, B+6mm width", the second layer of copper alloy material is additively manufactured on the basis of the first layer of copper alloy.

[0067] S33: Preparation of the third layer of copper alloy: According to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "Amm length, Bmm width", the third layer of copper alloy material is additively manufactured on the basis of the second layer of copper alloy.

[0068] S34: Complete the arc additive manufacturing of dissimilar copper and steel. According to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "Amm length, Bmm width", continue the subsequent arc additive manufacturing of copper alloy until the height of the copper alloy arc additive manufacturing reaches the preset requirements.

[0069] Example 1: Additive manufacturing of copper alloy from 20# steel surface

[0070] The target dimensions for additive manufacturing of copper alloy SCu6328 from 20# steel are 500mm in length, 32mm in width, and 28mm in height. The fabrication process is as follows:

[0071] (1) Cleaning the surface of steel substrate: Use mechanical processing, acetone cleaning and other methods to clean the rust, oil stains, water stains and other impurities on the surface of 20# steel substrate, so that the surface of 20# steel substrate has a metallic luster.

[0072] (2) Preparation of the intermediate transition layer: A pure ferritic intermediate transition layer material was prepared on the surface of 20# steel substrate using CMT arc additive manufacturing technology. The arc additive manufacturing mode of the intermediate transition layer adopted the CMT mode, with a travel speed of 10-16 mm / s, a wire feed speed of 5.5-7.0 m / min, a wire extension of 10-15 mm, a shielding gas of 80% Ar + 20% CO2, a shielding gas flow rate of 20-28 L / min, and an overlap of 2.0-2.6 mm. The additive manufacturing dimensions of the intermediate transition layer were 518 mm in length, 50 mm in width, and 0.5 mm in thickness.

[0073] (3) Additive manufacturing of copper alloys:

[0074] ① Surface cleaning: The surface of the intermediate transition layer is cleaned by mechanical processing, acetone cleaning and other methods to remove impurities such as oxides, oil stains and water stains, so that the intermediate transition surface has a metallic luster;

[0075] ② Preparation of the first copper alloy layer: Using arc additive manufacturing technology, a first copper alloy material with dimensions of 512 mm in length and 44 mm in width is prepared on the surface of the intermediate transition layer. The arc additive manufacturing mode for the first copper alloy layer is pulse mode. Specifically, the travel speed is 18–25 mm / s, the wire feed speed is 6–10 m / min, the wire extension is 15–18 mm, the protective gas is pure Ar, the overlap is 2.5–3.0 mm, and the lift is 2.0–2.6 mm.

[0076] ③ Preparation of the second copper alloy layer: Based on the first copper alloy layer, a second copper alloy layer with dimensions of 506 mm in length and 38 mm in width is additively manufactured. The arc additive manufacturing mode for the second copper alloy layer is CMT mode. The parameters are: travel speed 20–25 mm / s, wire feed speed 7–12 m / min, wire extension 15–18 mm, shielding gas pure Ar, overlap 2.3–2.8 mm, and lift 2.2–3.0 mm.

[0077] ④ Preparation of the third copper alloy layer: Based on the second copper alloy layer, a third copper alloy layer with dimensions of 500mm in length and 32mm in width is additively manufactured. The arc additive manufacturing mode and process parameters for the third copper alloy layer are consistent with those for the second layer.

[0078] ⑤ The dimensions, modes, and process parameters of the subsequent arc additive manufacturing of copper alloy are consistent with those of the third layer, so that the height of the arc additive manufacturing of copper alloy reaches 30mm, and the arc additive manufacturing of dissimilar copper and steel is completed.

[0079] Compared with the prior art, this embodiment has the following advantages:

[0080] 1) By using an intermediate transition layer and a size gradient transition, the problem of defect control at the interface of copper-steel dissimilar metal fusion welding is solved, avoiding penetration crack defects and edge crack defects, and achieving good fusion of copper-steel dissimilar metals.

[0081] 2) The composite joint is prepared using arc additive manufacturing technology. The preparation process is stable, the joint quality is reliable and the performance is excellent, and the shape and size of the composite joint are not limited.

[0082] While the present invention has been disclosed above, it is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can make various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention; therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for joining dissimilar metals, namely copper and steel, characterized in that, Using steel as the base material, copper alloy is prepared on the surface of the steel base material (1) by CMT electric arc additive manufacturing technology. Through the intermediate transition layer and size gradient transition, a copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint is formed, thereby eliminating at least one crack defect of the copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint and achieving good fusion of copper and steel. The size gradient transition refers to the process in additive manufacturing where the first layer has a larger size and then gradually shrinks to form a size gradient morphology with a large bottom and a small top, in order to reduce the stress at the joint interface edge and eliminate edge cracking defects. The target dimensions for additive manufacturing of the copper alloy are set as length A mm and width B mm. Based on the size gradient transition method, the preparation steps of the copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint are as follows: S1: Cleaning of the surface of the steel substrate (1); S31: The first layer of copper alloy was prepared using arc additive manufacturing technology. The first layer of copper alloy material was prepared on the surface of a steel substrate (1) according to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "A+12mm length, B+12mm width". S32: Preparation of the second layer of copper alloy: According to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "A+6mm length, B+6mm width", the second layer of copper alloy material is additively manufactured on the basis of the first layer of copper alloy. S33: Preparation of the third layer of copper alloy: According to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "Amm length, Bmm width", the third layer of copper alloy material is additively manufactured on the basis of the second layer of copper alloy. S34: Complete the arc additive manufacturing of dissimilar copper and steel metals. Continue the arc additive manufacturing of copper alloys according to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "Amm length, Bmm width" until the height of the copper alloy arc additive manufacturing reaches the preset requirements.

2. The method for joining copper and steel dissimilar metals according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intermediate transition layer is a pure ferrite intermediate transition layer (2), which serves as a transition material between steel and copper and can prevent copper liquid from penetrating along the austenite grain boundaries to eliminate penetration crack defects.

3. The method for joining copper and steel dissimilar metals according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preparation steps of the copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint based on the intermediate transition layer are as follows: S1: Cleaning of the surface of the steel substrate (1); S2: Preparation of intermediate transition layer: A pure ferrite intermediate transition layer (2) is prepared on the surface of steel substrate (1) using CMT arc additive manufacturing technology. S3: Copper alloy additive manufacturing, which uses arc additive manufacturing technology to perform arc additive manufacturing of copper alloy on the upper surface of the intermediate transition layer to form a copper-steel dissimilar metal composite joint.

4. The copper-steel dissimilar metal joining method according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S1, mechanical processing and / or acetone cleaning are used to clean the impurities, such as rust, oil, and water stains, from the surface of the steel substrate (1), so that the surface of the substrate has a metallic luster.

5. The method for joining copper and steel dissimilar metals according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step S2, the material thickness of the pure ferrite intermediate transition layer (2) is not less than 0.3 mm.

6. The method for joining copper and steel dissimilar metals according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the surface of the intermediate transition layer is first cleaned to remove impurities including oxides, oil stains, and water stains, and then the copper alloy is manufactured by arc additive manufacturing.

7. The method for joining copper and steel dissimilar metals according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S31, the arc additive mode is pulse mode; while in steps S32-S34, the arc additive mode is CMT mode.

8. A method for joining copper and steel dissimilar metals according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, If the target dimensions for additive manufacturing of copper alloy are set to length A mm and width B mm, then the method includes the following steps: S1: Clean the surface of the steel substrate (1) to give the surface of the steel substrate (1) a metallic luster; S2: Preparation of intermediate transition layer: A pure ferrite intermediate transition layer (2) is prepared on the surface of steel substrate (1) using CMT arc additive manufacturing technology. S30: Cleaning of the intermediate transition layer surface to give it a metallic luster; S31: Preparation of the first layer of copper alloy: Using arc additive manufacturing technology, the first layer of copper alloy material is prepared on the surface of the intermediate transition layer according to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "A + 12mm length, B + 12mm width". S32: Preparation of the second layer of copper alloy: According to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "A+6mm length, B+6mm width", the second layer of copper alloy material is additively manufactured on the basis of the first layer of copper alloy. S33: Preparation of the third layer of copper alloy: According to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "Amm length, Bmm width", the third layer of copper alloy material is additively manufactured on the basis of the second layer of copper alloy. S34: Complete the arc additive manufacturing of dissimilar copper and steel metals. Continue the arc additive manufacturing of copper alloys according to the additive manufacturing dimensions of "Amm length, Bmm width" until the height of the copper alloy arc additive manufacturing reaches the preset requirements.

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