A segmented treatment method for mudslides

Abstract

The application discloses a segmented treatment method for mud-rock flow, and the mud-rock flow is divided into a material source area, a flow area and an accumulation area along a flowing direction of the mud-rock flow according to a flowing path of the mud-rock flow, characterized in that: trees are planted on the slope surfaces on both sides of a mud-rock flow channel in the material source area to stably intercept the material source substances of the slope body forming the mud-rock flow; large-diameter objects mixed in the mud-rock flow are intercepted and retained in the flow area and / or the accumulation area; and the residual fluid of the mud-rock flow is subjected to energy dissipation treatment at the tail of the accumulation area. The application realizes the segmented treatment of the mud-rock flow, and can better prevent and inhibit the harm of the mud-rock flow.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of debris flow control technology, specifically to a segmented method for debris flow control. Background Technology

[0002] Debris flows are special types of floods caused by precipitation (heavy rain, glacial meltwater, snowmelt) flowing down valleys or hillsides, carrying large amounts of solid materials such as mud, sand, rocks, and boulders. A typical debris flow consists of a viscous slurry rich in silt and clay, containing suspended coarse solid debris. Under suitable topographical conditions, a large body of water saturates the solid deposits on the hillside or in the gully bed, reducing their stability. The water-saturated solid deposits then move under their own gravity, forming a debris flow.

[0003] Debris flows are a catastrophic geological phenomenon characterized by their suddenness, high velocity, large volume, large material capacity, and strong destructive power. Debris flows typically erupt abruptly and with tremendous force, carrying enormous boulders. Due to their high speed and immense energy, they are extremely destructive. Debris flows often destroy transportation infrastructure such as roads and railways, and even villages and towns, causing enormous losses.

[0004] Conventional measures for debris flow prevention and control mostly involve constructing protective works such as slope protection, retaining walls, and dams along the debris flow path. These measures tend to be reactive and are not effective in preventing debris flows at their source. Furthermore, existing debris flow protection projects are often constructed using hydraulic engineering design principles, resulting in limited effectiveness in preventing debris flows.

[0005] The applicant previously filed a patent, CN207211097U, which disclosed a structure for an energy dissipation barrier used in debris flow prevention. However, its energy dissipation effect is relatively limited, and it is mainly used to address the problem that conventional debris flow energy dissipation barriers are easily eroded by long-term flowing water.

[0006] Patent CN113389162A disclosed a comprehensive method for managing debris flows, which proposed a segmented approach based on the spatial distribution of the debris flow. However, this method primarily targets unstable rocks and boulders within the debris flow, as well as preventative measures for target structures, and cannot effectively prevent debris flows at their source. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a segmented management method for debris flow that can better improve the management effect of debris flow and better prevent and suppress the harm of debris flow.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A segmented method for managing debris flows involves dividing the debris flow into a source area, a flow area, and a deposition area along its flow direction. The method is characterized by planting trees on both sides of the debris flow channel in the source area to stabilize and intercept the source material forming the debris flow; intercepting and retaining large-diameter objects mixed in with the debris flow in the flow area and / or deposition area; and then treating the remaining debris flow fluid at the tail end of the deposition area to dissipate energy.

[0010] Thus, this method implements segmented management based on the existing zoning approach for debris flow paths. First, afforestation is carried out on the slopes of the debris flow source area (also known as the formation area) to stabilize and intercept the debris flow source material, inhibiting its generation at the source and reducing the amount of sediment carried during its formation. Then, in the flow and / or deposition areas, large-diameter rocks and trees with significant destructive and dangerous properties are intercepted and retained to prevent them from impacting and damaging subsequent control engineering structures and surrounding man-made structures. This also facilitates better energy dissipation of the remaining fluid. By the time the debris flow reaches the end of the deposition area, it has usually already flowed out of the valley and entered an area with many surrounding man-made structures. In this area, revetment structures are typically built on the sidewalls of the debris flow channel to protect the structures on both sides. Upon reaching this location, the debris flow, having already been blocked by the large-diameter objects, is reduced to a greater amount of fluid material exhibiting fluid characteristics. Therefore, further energy dissipation treatment is needed here. Hydraulic engineering structures with energy dissipation effects are used to reduce its flow velocity, dissipate its kinetic energy, and allow it to dissipate energy more quickly and complete its deposition, thus preventing impact damage to the bank embankments and surrounding structures. Therefore, this method can achieve segmented management based on the characteristics of each segment of the debris flow's formation and flow path, better improving the prevention and control of debris flows and enhancing the safety of downstream structures along the debris flow path.

[0011] Furthermore, this method employs a segmented debris flow interception and prevention system. This system includes a debris flow source area protection structure, a composite retaining dam structure within the debris flow channel in the flow and / or deposition area, and a debris flow energy dissipation barrier structure at the tail end of the debris flow deposition area. The debris flow source area protection structure includes a slope protection structure and a channel protection structure. The slope protection structure includes trees and shrubs planted on both sides of the debris flow channel in the source area, and the channel protection structure includes retaining walls located at the bottom of the slopes along both sides of the channel in the source area.

[0012] Thus, the source area of ​​a debris flow, also known as the debris flow formation area, is the primary source of water, soil, or sand and gravel for the debris flow. The formation of debris flows is related to factors such as abundant water resources in the source area, the presence of large amounts of loose sediment due to fractured rock and soil deposits, excessively steep slopes on both sides of the gully, and the location being in an area prone to earthquakes. In the aforementioned protective structures for the source area, trees and shrubs are first planted on the slopes to hold back the loose soil, preventing soil erosion caused by rainwater runoff and earthquakes. Then, retaining walls are further constructed on both sides of the debris flow channel to intercept large quantities of soil that have fallen due to landslides, preventing them from being directly carried away by rainwater and reducing the content of the originating material for the debris flow.

[0013] Furthermore, the ditch protection structure also includes a deceleration and interception structure located within the slag-blocking walls on both sides.

[0014] In this way, the debris flow barrier is equipped with a deceleration and interception structure to dissipate energy and slow down the rainwater (mixed with soil and rocks) flowing into the gully, preventing the rainwater from eroding the gully and forming a deep gully that could lead to the collapse of the slopes on both sides above. Therefore, it can effectively eliminate and suppress debris flows at their source.

[0015] Furthermore, the deceleration and interception structure includes deceleration piers that are arranged in pairs facing each other on the inner sidewalls of the debris flow channel on both sides along the width direction of the debris flow channel in the source area, and deceleration walls that are spaced apart between the inner sidewalls of the debris flow channel on both sides along the width direction of the debris flow channel in the source area. The deceleration piers and deceleration walls are arranged at staggered intervals along the length direction of the debris flow channel in the source area.

[0016] In this way, the rainwater (mixed with soil and rocks) entering the debris flow channel in the source area will converge towards the center after being impacted and dissipated by the deceleration piers, and then impact the deceleration wall below. After being impacted and dissipated by the deceleration wall, it will split into two streams and impact the deceleration piers on both sides below. Therefore, the water flow is changed in direction by the deceleration piers and deceleration walls in turn, causing it to repeatedly impact between the two. This can effectively eliminate the energy and velocity of the water flow from the source, and play a role in the energy dissipation and prevention of debris flow from the source. Moreover, the water flow is slowed down, which can better avoid scouring the bottom of the channel and prevent the formation of deep channels due to scouring at the bottom of the channel, which could lead to the collapse of the sides and the removal of soil.

[0017] Furthermore, the bottom of the debris flow channel in the source area is leveled so that the upper side of the vertical cross-section along the width of the channel is horizontal.

[0018] This makes it easier to arrange the deceleration walls and deceleration interception structures, and can better intercept water flow and dissipate energy, thus better preventing water flow from eroding deep trenches at the bottom of the ditch and causing collapse on both sides.

[0019] Furthermore, the projection of the deceleration wall along the length of the debris flow channel in the source area can cover the gaps between adjacent deceleration piers. This allows for better guidance of the water flow to collide and dissipate energy between the deceleration wall and the deceleration piers.

[0020] Furthermore, the foundation portions of both the deceleration piers and deceleration walls located below the ground surface extend laterally along the width of the ditch and are cast and fixed together with the slag retaining walls on both sides.

[0021] This improves the structural strength of the deceleration piers and deceleration walls, preventing them from being destroyed by the water flow.

[0022] Furthermore, the lower part of the upstream side of the deceleration wall and deceleration pier has an outwardly protruding cover plate, the upper surface of which is flush with the bottom surface of the debris flow channel in the material source area.

[0023] This is because debris flow channels in the source area usually have a large slope, and the rainwater that accumulates at the bottom of the channel has a large scouring force. Therefore, the installation of the cover plate can effectively prevent the soil below the front side of the speed bump and speed pier from being washed away by the water flow and forming a deep pit. This can better protect the bottom shape of the channel and protect the structural stability of the speed bump and speed pier.

[0024] Furthermore, there is a distance between the retaining wall and the bottom sides of the slopes on both sides.

[0025] This is because if the retaining wall directly connects to the bottom edges of the slopes on both sides, a narrow gap will form between them, increasing the scouring force of the water flow. This would easily carry away the soil from the bottom of the slope, forming deep trenches, which would further lead to slope collapse. Therefore, a distance is left between the retaining wall and the bottom edges of the slopes on both sides as a buffer space for rainwater to collect, better preventing the soil from being carried away.

[0026] Furthermore, the slag barrier wall is provided with water outlet gaps in sections.

[0027] In this way, the rainwater that gathers between the retaining wall and the slopes on both sides can flow out from the outlet in sections and enter the space between the retaining wall to dissipate energy and slow down the flow. This prevents the rainwater from gathering between the retaining wall and the slopes on both sides, which would increase the scouring force and carry away the soil at the bottom of the slope to form a deep ditch.

[0028] Furthermore, the drainage openings on the retaining wall are spaced at intervals of 0.1-0.5 meters according to the slope of the ditch. This better prevents rainwater from eroding the retaining wall and the slopes on both sides.

[0029] Furthermore, an extension partition is installed at the top of the slag barrier below each water outlet, extending outwards to connect with the slope.

[0030] In this way, by relying on the extended partitions, rainwater in the upper section of the retaining wall of each water outlet can be forcibly discharged, avoiding the accumulation and erosion of rainwater in the retaining wall, which greatly improves the protection effect on the soil at the foot of the slope.

[0031] Furthermore, the outer side of the extended partition is inclined upwards to facilitate the drainage of rainwater and prevent rainwater from eroding the soil at the bottom of the extended partition and causing damage.

[0032] Furthermore, the slope protection structure also includes retaining walls that are arranged at intervals on the slopes of the debris flow channel in the sediment source area. The upper part of the retaining wall is arranged at an angle in the direction of the downstream of the debris flow channel in the sediment source area, and several short retaining walls are arranged at intervals on the upper side of the retaining wall extending obliquely upward (vertically).

[0033] In this way, the setting of retaining walls and short retaining walls effectively stabilizes the soil on the slope in different zones, while also improving the diversion and guidance of rainwater flow paths on the slope, thus greatly improving the treatment effect of preventing soil erosion on the slope.

[0034] Furthermore, a water diversion channel is integrally formed on the bottom edge of the upper side of the retaining wall. The water diversion channel is buried on the surface of the slope soil and the opening of the channel is flush with the slope surface. A clearance gap is provided at the location of the short retaining wall where the water diversion channel is located.

[0035] In this way, rainwater that collects along the upper side of the retaining wall can flow downwards into the drainage channel, preventing the collected rainwater from eroding the soil below the upper side of the retaining wall. Since the short retaining wall is relatively short, there is no need to consider setting up a drainage channel.

[0036] Furthermore, the retaining wall protrudes 5-20cm above the slope and is buried 10-25cm below the slope, while the short retaining wall protrudes 0-5cm above the slope and is buried 10-25cm below the slope.

[0037] In this way, the overall height of the retaining wall and the short retaining wall will not affect the movement and survival of animals. The retaining wall protrudes relatively high above the slope to better collect rainwater, while the short retaining wall, being shorter, only needs to be level with or slightly higher than the slope at the top. Both are buried relatively deep below to better enhance the reinforcement effect on the soil.

[0038] Furthermore, the trees and shrubs are trees and shrubs planted in a staggered and intermittent manner.

[0039] By planting trees and shrubs in a staggered, interspersed manner, the slower-growing but deeper-rooted trees effectively stabilize the deeper soil layers, while the shallower-rooted but faster-growing shrubs readily propagate laterally, quickly stabilizing the surface soil. Therefore, this combined planting not only enhances the biodiversity of the slope vegetation but also provides better overall soil stabilization and protection.

[0040] Furthermore, the trees are planted on the lower side of the short retaining wall, and the shrubs are planted on the upper side of the short retaining wall.

[0041] In this way, because trees have deeper roots, planting them on the lower side of the short retaining wall can better support it and improve its structural stability. Shrubs, on the other hand, are relatively easy to propagate laterally and require more water to grow. Therefore, planting them on the upper side of the short retaining wall, which serves as a drainage area, can better facilitate their growth and reproduction, and allow them to form vegetation cover on the soil more quickly.

[0042] Furthermore, the composite retaining dam structure includes a retaining dam set in the debris flow channel along the width direction, with discharge holes or discharge grids distributed on the retaining dam; it also includes intercepting piles arranged in rows along the width direction at the upstream end of the retaining dam, with the spacing between adjacent intercepting piles being larger than the hole size of the discharge holes or discharge grids on the retaining dam.

[0043] In this way, when debris flows pass through the composite retaining dam structure, it not only achieves initial energy dissipation by relying on the intercepting piles and the retaining dam to block the debris flow, but more importantly, it allows large objects (at least 0.5 meters in diameter) such as trees and large rocks to be intercepted first by the intercepting piles, and then the relatively smaller parts of the large objects are intercepted again by the retaining dam. The remaining fluid, without large objects, flows downstream, better preventing large, highly destructive objects from impacting and damaging subsequent flood control structures and surrounding man-made structures. At the same time, removing large objects from the fluid also facilitates subsequent flood control structures to better dissipate the remaining debris flow, which exhibits more fluid characteristics.

[0044] Furthermore, the intercepting piles are arranged in at least two rows, with the spacing between the intercepting piles at the upstream end being greater than the spacing between the intercepting piles at the downstream end.

[0045] This allows for better tiered interception of large objects.

[0046] Furthermore, the intercepting piles located upstream are set at a higher height than those located downstream.

[0047] In this way, the upstream interception posts are more likely to intercept larger objects.

[0048] Furthermore, each row of intercepting piles is fixedly connected to each other by hinges, with both ends of the hinges extending forward and fixed to the foundation piles buried at the upstream end of the debris flow channel.

[0049] This is because large objects, such as large rocks, can have too great an impact on a single intercepting pile. Therefore, by using hinges to connect each row of intercepting piles into one unit, they can better withstand the impact and transfer some of the impact to the foundation piles in front, ensuring the stability of the intercepting piles themselves and also playing a better role in interception.

[0050] Furthermore, the foundation pile is buried at the bottom of the debris flow channel at the upstream end, and a foundation pile pressure plate is provided on the upper surface of the foundation pile located on the bottom surface of the debris flow channel. The area of ​​the foundation pile pressure plate is more than ten times the cross-sectional area of ​​the foundation pile.

[0051] This is because debris flows have a high specific gravity and a compacting characteristic. Before reaching the intercepting piles, the debris flow first compacts and flows over the pile bearing plate. Therefore, the larger the debris flow, the greater the impact on the intercepting piles, and the greater the pressure exerted by the debris flow on the pile bearing plate. This firmly presses the piles down, allowing the hinges to withstand greater tensile forces and providing greater support to the piles. Thus, as the intercepting piles withstand greater impact, their stability also increases accordingly, ensuring that the piles can withstand greater debris flow impacts and better guaranteeing the stability of the pile structure.

[0052] Furthermore, the retaining dam as a whole is an arc shape that bulges from the middle to the upstream end.

[0053] In this way, the arc shape can convert some of the impact force into pressure on both sides and backward, allowing the barrier dam to better withstand the impact. At the same time, the arc shape can better accommodate the deformation caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the barrier dam under normal conditions, ensuring the stability of the structure.

[0054] Furthermore, the height on both sides of the retaining dam is higher than the height at the middle position.

[0055] In this way, the arc shape of the barrier dam can push and divert the larger diameter stones that are intercepted to both sides. The higher height on both sides of the barrier dam can create a larger capacity space in front to accommodate the larger diameter stones that are pushed to this location.

[0056] Furthermore, a culvert is constructed below the middle of the retaining dam at the bottom of the debris flow channel. The size of the culvert is larger than the size of the spillway orifice or spillway grid on the retaining dam.

[0057] This allows water to pass through normally before a mudslide occurs.

[0058] Furthermore, support walls are also installed at intervals along the downstream side of the retaining dam. This improves the overturning resistance of the retaining dam and better ensures the stability of the dam body.

[0059] Furthermore, a row of support walls is installed every 5 meters to further improve the support effect.

[0060] Thus, the aforementioned composite barrier dam structure can effectively intercept larger objects such as trees and rocks in debris flows, while ensuring the passage of fluid substances. It reduces the damage of large-diameter objects to subsequent debris flow control projects and man-made structures, facilitates energy dissipation of debris flows and their normal accumulation, and its own structure is stable, reliable, and has a long service life. It is especially suitable for debris flows containing rocks of various sizes.

[0061] Furthermore, the debris flow energy dissipation barrier structure includes a flow interception energy dissipation barrier set in the debris flow channel at the tail of the debris flow deposition area along the width direction. The bank slopes on both sides of the flow interception energy dissipation barrier and the debris flow channel are fixed. A discharge gap is set in the middle of the flow interception energy dissipation barrier. An impact energy dissipation structure is also set in the debris flow channel below the discharge gap.

[0062] In this way, when the debris flow passes through the debris flow energy dissipation barrier structure, it first contacts and collides with the barrier to achieve initial interception and energy dissipation. At the same time, the barrier forces the debris flow to concentrate and flow downward from the middle outlet. The fluid flowing out of the outlet further impacts and dissipates energy by colliding with the energy dissipation structure, thus reducing the damage.

[0063] Furthermore, the discharge gap of the interception and energy dissipation threshold is set flush with the bottom of the debris flow channel.

[0064] This makes it easier to guide the debris flow to flow downwards from the spillway opening and impact the energy dissipation structure below to dissipate energy.

[0065] Furthermore, the intercepting energy dissipation threshold is embedded in the foundation below the bottom of the debris flow channel and has filter holes. This allows groundwater in the channel to flow downwards through the intercepting energy dissipation threshold during normal times.

[0066] Furthermore, an energy dissipation guide structure is also provided at the upstream end of the discharge gap of the interception energy dissipation threshold. The energy dissipation guide structure includes two energy dissipation guide walls located in the debris flow channel on both sides of the upstream end of the discharge gap of the interception energy dissipation threshold. The two energy dissipation guide walls are respectively set in front of the threshold body at both ends of the discharge gap of the interception energy dissipation threshold and are in the shape of an eight-character shape that opens outward towards the upstream end.

[0067] In this way, the two energy dissipation guide walls can better guide the debris flow fluid to the discharge gap in the middle of the intercepting energy dissipation sill, allowing it to concentrate and discharge downwards from the discharge gap and collide with the downstream impact energy dissipation structure to dissipate energy. At the same time, the energy dissipation guide walls themselves can complete the oblique impact friction of the guided fluid, achieving initial energy dissipation. They can guide the fluid on both sides of the directly opposite flow energy dissipation sill to the discharge gap, avoiding direct impact on the sides of the flow energy dissipation sill, reducing the impact force of the debris flow fluid on the intercepting energy dissipation sill, and improving its structural stability.

[0068] Furthermore, the foundation at the lower end of the energy dissipation guide wall is buried below the bottom surface of the debris flow channel, and a guide wall connecting plate located on the bottom surface of the debris flow channel is horizontally and fixedly connected to the upper side of the foundation.

[0069] In this way, the foundation at the lower end of the energy dissipation guide wall is deeply buried, and a horizontal connecting plate is installed above the foundation to firmly connect the energy dissipation guide walls and the foundation on both sides into a whole. This structure itself has good stability and anti-overturning ability. At the same time, debris flows have a large specific gravity and crushing characteristics. Therefore, when a debris flow strikes, the debris flow fluid will directly press on the connecting plate while impacting the energy dissipation guide wall. Its pressure can effectively prevent the energy dissipation guide wall from tilting backward. In addition, the energy dissipation guide wall has an octagonal design. The impact force of the debris flow on its inner slope can be converted into a horizontal outward thrust on the energy dissipation guide wall, which is offset and balanced by the connecting plate, ensuring that the energy dissipation guide walls on both sides are not pushed outward by the impact. Therefore, the above structure can improve the anti-overturning performance and stability of the energy dissipation guide wall from multiple angles, ensuring its reliability during the impact of debris flows.

[0070] Furthermore, the connecting plate of the guide wall has a forward-extending protrusion in the middle. This increases the area of ​​the connecting plate, allowing it to be better contained when subjected to debris flows, thus improving the stability of the energy-dissipating guide wall.

[0071] Furthermore, the upper half of the energy dissipation guide wall is also provided with multiple energy dissipation guide grooves at intervals.

[0072] In this way, when the debris flow is large, after it submerges the upper part of the energy dissipation guide wall, some of the fluid can flow through the energy dissipation guide channel, which reduces the impact on the energy dissipation guide wall and better ensures the stability of the energy dissipation guide wall structure.

[0073] Furthermore, both ends of the energy dissipation guide channel open obliquely forward, and the middle part is curved towards the downstream end of the energy dissipation guide wall along its length.

[0074] Because the energy dissipation guide wall is arranged in a V-shape, the fluid inside the wall is under compression. Combined with the arc-shaped structure of the energy dissipation channel, this guides the debris flow fluid from the front of the channel into the channel. After being turned by the arc-shaped structure, the fluid flows forward from the rear of the guide wall, colliding with the fluid flowing downstream from the rear of the guide wall to dissipate energy. Therefore, in cases of large debris flows, this structure allows some fluid to pass through the guide wall, reducing the impact on the wall and improving its stability. It also utilizes this passing fluid to dissipate some of the energy from the debris flow outside the guide wall, preventing the intercepting energy dissipation threshold from being overwhelmed and becoming unstable. This ensures the stability of both the guide wall and the intercepting energy dissipation threshold under the impact of large-volume debris flows.

[0075] Furthermore, the impact energy dissipation structure includes a diversion energy dissipation threshold located in the middle of the debris flow channel (directly below the discharge gap). The diversion energy dissipation threshold is an arc shape that bulges from the middle to the upstream end and is separated from the bank slopes on both sides of the debris flow channel at both ends. Two impact energy dissipation thresholds are respectively arranged in the debris flow channel below the two ends of the diversion energy dissipation threshold in the direction of the two ends of the diversion energy dissipation threshold.

[0076] In this way, the debris flow fluid (flowing from the spillway) impacts the arc-shaped diversion energy dissipation threshold along the middle of the channel, achieving (secondary) impact energy dissipation. It is then diverted to both sides and impacts the impact energy dissipation thresholds below them, achieving repeated impact energy dissipation. Through repeated collisions and energy dissipation, the debris flow fluid dissipates its energy, allowing it to quickly accumulate at the tail end of the deposition zone, avoiding damage to structures on both sides.

[0077] Furthermore, a support wall is vertically installed in the middle of the rear side of the diversion energy dissipation threshold.

[0078] In this way, the support wall provides support and reinforcement to the impact point in the middle of the diversion and energy dissipation threshold, thereby improving the stability of the structure.

[0079] Furthermore, the lower end of the diversion energy dissipation threshold has a foundation buried below the bottom surface of the debris flow channel, and a horizontally forward-facing energy dissipation threshold plate is fixedly connected above the foundation of the lower part of the diversion energy dissipation threshold. The upper surface of the energy dissipation threshold plate is flush with the bottom surface of the debris flow channel.

[0080] In this way, the diversion energy dissipation sill is deeply buried in the foundation to improve its stability. At the same time, a forward-facing pressure plate is set at the lower end. Before the debris flow impacts the diversion energy dissipation sill, it will first be pressed against the pressure plate. The greater weight of the debris flow will exert a large rolling pressure on the pressure plate, which better prevents the diversion energy dissipation sill from tilting backward. This greatly improves the stability of the diversion energy dissipation sill structure.

[0081] Furthermore, a horizontally fixed energy dissipation plate located at the bottom of the debris flow channel is also installed between the lower parts of the two impact energy dissipation barriers below both ends of the diversion energy dissipation barrier.

[0082] In this way, the two impact energy dissipation thresholds are fixed together by the energy dissipation threshold connecting plate. When the two impact energy dissipation thresholds are impacted by the fluid flowing out from both ends of the diversion energy dissipation threshold, the impact force can be converted into a horizontal outward force on the two impact energy dissipation thresholds and canceled out by the energy dissipation threshold connecting plate. Therefore, the structural stability of the diversion energy dissipation threshold is better guaranteed.

[0083] Furthermore, the impact energy dissipation threshold is generally arc-shaped, curving outward from the center.

[0084] In this way, the arc can guide the fluid flowing out from both ends of the diversion energy dissipation threshold and impacting the middle of the inner side of the impact energy dissipation threshold arc, and rush out to the front and rear ends along the inner side arc of the impact energy dissipation threshold. In this way, the fluid rushing out to the front along the inner side arc of the impact energy dissipation threshold can collide with the fluid flowing down from upstream, thus achieving better energy dissipation.

[0085] Furthermore, in the impact energy dissipation structure, the diversion energy dissipation threshold and the corresponding impact energy dissipation thresholds on both sides are arranged in multiple sets at downward intervals, with the lower ends of the two impact energy dissipation thresholds of the previous set facing the upstream surface of the diversion energy dissipation threshold of the next set.

[0086] In this way, the fluid rushing downstream from the inner arc of the previous set of diversion energy dissipation sills can converge and collide with the next set of diversion energy dissipation sills. Through repeated impacts and energy dissipation by multiple sets of energy dissipation structures, the fluid can dissipate energy more quickly, accumulate rapidly, and avoid causing damage to buildings behind.

[0087] In summary, this invention enables segmented management of debris flows, which can better prevent and suppress the hazards of debris flows. Attached Figure Description

[0088] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a separate debris flow source area protection structure according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. The arrows in the diagram indicate the direction of water flow.

[0089] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The AA sectional view is used to show the structure of the deceleration pier.

[0090] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The BB section view is used to show the deceleration wall structure.

[0091] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The CC sectional view used to show the retaining wall structure.

[0092] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a standalone composite retaining dam structure in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0093] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 The DD sectional view is used to show the structure of the retaining dam.

[0094] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 The EE cross-sectional view is used to show the longitudinal structure of the composite retaining dam.

[0095] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a separate debris flow energy dissipation threshold structure in a specific embodiment of the present invention.

[0096] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 The middle section shows the GG cross-sectional view used to display the interception and energy dissipation threshold structure.

[0097] Figure 10 yes Figure 8 The image shows a cross-sectional view of the energy dissipation guide wall structure. Detailed Implementation

[0098] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.

[0099] Optimal Implementation Method: A segmented management method for debris flows, which divides the debris flow into a source area, a flow area, and a deposition area according to the flow path. The method is characterized by planting trees on both sides of the debris flow channel in the source area to stabilize and intercept the source material forming the debris flow; intercepting and retaining large-diameter objects mixed in with the debris flow in the flow area and / or deposition area; and then performing energy dissipation treatment on the remaining debris flow fluid at the tail end of the deposition area to guide the debris flow fluid to quickly complete deposition.

[0100] Thus, this method implements segmented management based on the existing zoning approach for debris flow paths. First, afforestation is carried out on the slopes of the debris flow source area (also known as the formation area) to stabilize and intercept the debris flow source material, inhibiting its generation at the source and reducing the amount of sediment carried during its formation. Then, in the flow and / or deposition areas, large-diameter rocks and trees with significant destructive and dangerous properties are intercepted and retained to prevent them from impacting and damaging subsequent control engineering structures and surrounding man-made structures. This also facilitates better energy dissipation of the remaining fluid. By the time the debris flow reaches the end of the deposition area, it has usually already flowed out of the valley and entered an area with many surrounding man-made structures. In this area, revetment structures are typically built on the sidewalls of the debris flow channel to protect the structures on both sides. Upon reaching this location, the debris flow, having already been blocked by the large-diameter objects, is reduced to a greater amount of fluid material exhibiting fluid characteristics. Therefore, further energy dissipation treatment is needed here. Hydraulic engineering structures with energy dissipation effects are used to reduce its flow velocity, dissipate its kinetic energy, and allow it to dissipate energy more quickly and complete its deposition, thus preventing impact damage to the bank embankments and surrounding structures. Therefore, this method can achieve segmented management based on the characteristics of each segment of the debris flow's formation and flow path, better improving the prevention and control of debris flows and enhancing the safety of downstream structures along the debris flow path.

[0101] Specifically, this method employs a segmented debris flow interception and prevention system, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1-10 The debris flow segmented interception and prevention system includes a debris flow source area protection structure set up in the debris flow source area; the debris flow source area protection structure includes a slope protection structure and a gully protection structure; the slope protection structure includes trees and shrubs planted on both sides of the debris flow gully in the source area; the gully protection structure includes a retaining wall 1 set along both sides of the gully at the bottom of the slope on both sides of the debris flow gully in the source area.

[0102] Thus, the source area of ​​a debris flow, also known as the debris flow formation area, is the primary source of water, soil, or sand and gravel for the debris flow. The formation of debris flows is related to factors such as abundant water resources in the source area, the presence of large amounts of loose sediment due to fractured rock and soil deposits, excessively steep slopes on both sides of the gully, and the location being in an area prone to earthquakes. In the aforementioned protective structures for the source area, trees and shrubs are first planted on the slopes to hold back the loose soil, preventing soil erosion caused by rainwater runoff and earthquakes. Then, retaining walls are further constructed on both sides of the debris flow channel to intercept large quantities of soil that have fallen due to landslides, preventing them from being directly carried away by rainwater and reducing the content of the originating material for the debris flow.

[0103] The ditch protection structure also includes a deceleration and interception structure located within the two side retaining walls 1.

[0104] In this way, the debris flow barrier is equipped with a deceleration and interception structure to dissipate energy and slow down the rainwater (mixed with soil and rocks) flowing into the gully, preventing the rainwater from eroding the gully and forming a deep gully that could lead to the collapse of the slopes on both sides above. Therefore, it can effectively eliminate and suppress debris flows at their source.

[0105] The deceleration and interception structure includes deceleration piers 2, which are arranged in pairs facing each other on the inner sidewalls of the debris flow channel on both sides along the width direction of the debris flow channel in the source area, and deceleration walls 3, which are arranged at intervals between the inner sidewalls of the debris flow channel on both sides along the width direction of the debris flow channel in the source area. The deceleration piers 2 and deceleration walls 3 are arranged at staggered intervals along the length direction of the debris flow channel in the source area.

[0106] In this way, the rainwater (mixed with soil and rocks) entering the debris flow channel in the source area will converge towards the center after being impacted and dissipated by the deceleration piers, and then impact the deceleration wall below. After being impacted and dissipated by the deceleration wall, it will split into two streams and impact the deceleration piers on both sides below. Therefore, the water flow is changed in direction by the deceleration piers and deceleration walls in turn, causing it to repeatedly impact between the two. This can effectively eliminate the energy and velocity of the water flow from the source, and play a role in the energy dissipation and prevention of debris flow from the source. Moreover, the water flow is slowed down, which can better avoid scouring the bottom of the channel and prevent the formation of deep channels due to scouring at the bottom of the channel, which could lead to the collapse of the sides and the removal of soil.

[0107] Among them, the bottom of the debris flow channel in the source area is flattened so that the upper side of the vertical cross section along the width of the channel is horizontal.

[0108] This makes it easier to arrange the deceleration walls and deceleration interception structures, and can better intercept water flow and dissipate energy, thus better preventing water flow from eroding deep trenches at the bottom of the ditch and causing collapse on both sides.

[0109] Specifically, the projection of the deceleration wall 3 along the length of the debris flow channel in the source area can cover the space between adjacent deceleration piers 4. This allows for better guidance of the water flow to collide and dissipate energy between the deceleration wall and the deceleration piers.

[0110] Among them, the foundation parts of the deceleration pier 2 and deceleration wall 3 located below the ground surface extend laterally along the width of the ditch and are cast and fixed together with the slag retaining walls on both sides.

[0111] This improves the structural strength of the deceleration piers and deceleration walls, preventing them from being destroyed by the water flow.

[0112] Among them, the deceleration wall 3 and the deceleration pier 2 have an outwardly protruding cover plate 4 on the lower part of the upstream side, and the upper surface of the cover plate 4 is flush with the bottom surface of the debris flow channel in the material source area.

[0113] This is because debris flow channels in the source area usually have a large slope, and the rainwater that accumulates at the bottom of the channel has a large scouring force. Therefore, the installation of the cover plate can effectively prevent the soil below the front side of the speed bump and speed pier from being washed away by the water flow and forming a deep pit. This can better protect the bottom shape of the channel and protect the structural stability of the speed bump and speed pier.

[0114] There is a distance (usually 20-50cm) between the slag retaining wall 1 and the bottom side of the slope on both sides.

[0115] This is because if the retaining wall directly connects to the bottom edges of the slopes on both sides, a narrow gap will form between them, increasing the scouring force of the water flow. This would easily carry away the soil from the bottom of the slope, forming deep trenches, which would further lead to slope collapse. Therefore, a distance is left between the retaining wall and the bottom edges of the slopes on both sides as a buffer space for rainwater to collect, better preventing the soil from being carried away.

[0116] The slag barrier 1 is provided with water outlet gaps 5 in sections.

[0117] In this way, the rainwater that gathers between the retaining wall and the slopes on both sides can flow out from the outlet in sections and enter the space between the retaining wall to dissipate energy and slow down the flow. This prevents the rainwater from gathering between the retaining wall and the slopes on both sides, which would increase the scouring force and carry away the soil at the bottom of the slope to form a deep ditch.

[0118] The drainage gaps 5 on the retaining wall are spaced 0.1-0.5 meters apart according to the slope of the ditch. This helps to better prevent rainwater from eroding the retaining wall and the slopes on both sides.

[0119] Among them, an extension partition 6 is set at the top of the slag barrier wall below each water outlet 5, which connects to the slope in the direction of the corresponding outer slope.

[0120] In this way, by relying on the extended partitions, rainwater in the upper section of the retaining wall of each water outlet can be forcibly discharged, avoiding the accumulation and erosion of rainwater in the retaining wall, which greatly improves the protection effect on the soil at the foot of the slope.

[0121] The extension partition 6 is inclined upwards on the outer side, which allows rainwater to be discharged more smoothly and avoids rainwater washing away the soil at the bottom of the extension partition, thus preventing damage.

[0122] The slope protection structure also includes retaining walls 7 that are arranged at intervals on the slopes of the debris flow channel in the source area. The upper end of the retaining wall 7 is arranged at an angle in the direction of the downstream of the debris flow channel in the source area. Several short retaining walls 8 are arranged at intervals on the upper side of the retaining wall 7 extending obliquely upward (vertically).

[0123] In this way, the setting of retaining walls and short retaining walls effectively stabilizes the soil on the slope in different zones, while also improving the diversion and guidance of rainwater flow paths on the slope, thus greatly improving the treatment effect of preventing soil erosion on the slope.

[0124] Among them, the retaining wall 7 has an integrally formed water diversion channel 9 on the bottom edge of the upper side. The water diversion channel 9 is buried on the surface of the slope soil and the opening of the channel is flush with the slope. The short retaining wall is provided with a clearance gap at the position of the water diversion channel.

[0125] In this way, rainwater that collects along the upper side of the retaining wall can flow downwards into the drainage channel, preventing the collected rainwater from eroding the soil below the upper side of the retaining wall. Since the short retaining wall is relatively short, there is no need to consider setting up a drainage channel.

[0126] Among them, the retaining wall 7 is exposed above the slope for 5-20cm and buried below the slope for 10-25cm, while the short retaining wall 8 is exposed above the slope for 0-5cm and buried below the slope for 10-25cm.

[0127] In this way, the overall height of the retaining wall and the short retaining wall will not affect the movement and survival of animals. The retaining wall protrudes relatively high above the slope to better collect rainwater, while the short retaining wall, being shorter, only needs to be level with or slightly higher than the slope at the top. Both are buried relatively deep below to better enhance the reinforcement effect on the soil.

[0128] The trees and shrubs mentioned are trees and shrubs planted in a staggered and intermittent manner.

[0129] By planting trees and shrubs in a staggered, interspersed manner, the slower-growing but deeper-rooted trees effectively stabilize the deeper soil layers, while the shallower-rooted but faster-growing shrubs readily propagate laterally, quickly stabilizing the surface soil. Therefore, this combined planting not only enhances the biodiversity of the slope vegetation but also provides better overall soil stabilization and protection.

[0130] The trees are planted on the lower side of the short retaining wall 8, and the shrubs are planted on the upper side of the short retaining wall 8.

[0131] In this way, because trees have deeper roots, planting them on the lower side of the short retaining wall can better support it and improve its structural stability. Shrubs, on the other hand, are relatively easy to propagate laterally and require more water to grow. Therefore, planting them on the upper side of the short retaining wall, which serves as a drainage area, can better facilitate their growth and reproduction, and allow them to form vegetation cover on the soil more quickly.

[0132] The debris flow segmented interception and prevention system used in this method also includes a composite barrier dam structure set in the debris flow channel in the flow area and / or accumulation area. The composite barrier dam structure includes a barrier dam 11 set in the debris flow channel along the width direction, and discharge holes 12 (or discharge grids) are distributed on the barrier dam 11; it also includes interception piles 13 arranged in rows along the width direction at the upstream end of the barrier dam, and the spacing between adjacent interception piles 13 is larger than the hole size of the discharge holes (or discharge grids) on the barrier dam.

[0133] In this way, when debris flows pass through the composite retaining dam structure, it not only achieves initial energy dissipation by relying on the intercepting piles and the dam itself, but more importantly, it allows large objects such as trees and large rocks to be intercepted first by the piles, and then the smaller parts of these large objects are further intercepted by the dam. The remaining fluid, excluding large objects, flows downstream, better preventing large, highly destructive objects from impacting and damaging subsequent flood control structures and surrounding man-made structures. Furthermore, removing large objects from the fluid facilitates better energy dissipation of the remaining debris flow exhibiting fluid characteristics. Large objects are defined as those at least 0.5 meters in size.

[0134] The intercepting piles 13 are arranged in at least two rows, with the spacing between the intercepting piles at the upstream end being greater than the spacing between the intercepting piles at the downstream end.

[0135] This allows for better tiered interception of large objects. During implementation, the upstream interception posts can be spaced 1.5-2.5 meters apart, while the downstream interception posts can be spaced 0.5-1.5 meters apart.

[0136] Among them, the intercepting piles located at the upstream end are set at a higher height than those located at the downstream end.

[0137] In this way, the upstream interception posts are more likely to intercept larger objects.

[0138] Each row of intercepting piles 13 is fixedly connected to each other by a hinge 14, and the two ends of the hinge 14 extend forward and are fixed to the foundation piles 15 buried at the upstream end of the debris flow channel.

[0139] This is because large objects, such as large rocks, can have too great an impact on a single intercepting pile. Therefore, by using hinges to connect each row of intercepting piles into one unit, they can better withstand the impact and transfer some of the impact to the foundation piles in front, ensuring the stability of the intercepting piles themselves and also playing a better role in interception.

[0140] The foundation pile 15 is buried at the bottom of the debris flow channel at the upstream end, and a foundation pile pressure plate 16 is provided on the upper surface of the foundation pile located on the bottom surface of the debris flow channel. The area of ​​the foundation pile pressure plate 16 is more than ten times the cross-sectional area of ​​the foundation pile.

[0141] This is because debris flows have a high specific gravity and a compacting characteristic. Before reaching the intercepting piles, the debris flow first compacts and flows over the pile bearing plate. Therefore, the larger the debris flow, the greater the impact on the intercepting piles, and the greater the pressure exerted by the debris flow on the pile bearing plate. This firmly presses the piles down, allowing the hinges to withstand greater tensile forces and providing greater support to the piles. Thus, as the intercepting piles withstand greater impact, their stability also increases accordingly, ensuring that the piles can withstand greater debris flow impacts and better guaranteeing the stability of the pile structure.

[0142] Among them, the retaining dam 11 is an arc shape that bulges from the middle to the upstream end.

[0143] In this way, the arc shape can convert some of the impact force into pressure on both sides and backward, allowing the barrier dam to better withstand the impact. At the same time, the arc shape can better accommodate the deformation caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the barrier dam under normal conditions, ensuring the stability of the structure.

[0144] Among them, the height of the two sides of the retaining dam 11 is higher than the height of the middle position.

[0145] In this way, the arc shape of the barrier dam can push and divert the larger diameter stones that are intercepted to both sides. The higher height on both sides of the barrier dam can create a larger capacity space in front to accommodate the larger diameter stones that are pushed to this location.

[0146] Among them, a culvert 17 is also opened below the middle position of the retaining dam 11 at the bottom of the debris flow channel. The size of the culvert 17 is larger than the size of the discharge hole on the retaining dam.

[0147] This allows water to pass through normally before a mudslide occurs.

[0148] Supporting walls 18 are also installed at intervals on the downstream side of the retaining dam 11. This can improve the overturning resistance of the retaining dam and better ensure the stability of the dam body.

[0149] The support walls 18 are arranged in rows every 5 meters to improve the support effect.

[0150] Thus, the aforementioned composite barrier dam structure can effectively intercept larger objects such as trees and rocks in debris flows, while ensuring the passage of fluid substances. It reduces the damage of large-diameter objects to subsequent debris flow control projects and man-made structures, facilitates energy dissipation of debris flows and their normal accumulation, and its own structure is stable, reliable, and has a long service life. It is especially suitable for debris flows containing rocks of various sizes.

[0151] The debris flow segmented interception and prevention system used in this method also includes a debris flow energy dissipation barrier structure set at the tail of the debris flow deposition area. The debris flow energy dissipation barrier structure includes a flow interception energy dissipation barrier 21 set in the debris flow channel at the tail of the debris flow deposition area along the width direction. The bank slopes on both sides of the flow interception energy dissipation barrier 21 and the debris flow channel are fixed (a bank protection structure is further set on the bank slope during implementation). A discharge gap 22 is set in the middle of the flow interception energy dissipation barrier. An impact energy dissipation structure is also set in the debris flow channel below the discharge gap 22.

[0152] In this way, when the debris flow passes through the debris flow energy dissipation barrier structure, it first contacts and collides with the barrier to achieve initial interception and energy dissipation. At the same time, the barrier forces the debris flow to concentrate and flow downward from the middle outlet. The fluid flowing out of the outlet further impacts and dissipates energy by colliding with the energy dissipation structure, thus reducing the damage.

[0153] Among them, the discharge gap 22 of the interception and energy dissipation threshold 21 is set flush with the bottom of the debris flow channel.

[0154] This makes it easier to guide the debris flow to flow downwards from the spillway opening and impact the energy dissipation structure below to dissipate energy.

[0155] The intercepting energy dissipation threshold 21 is embedded in the foundation below the bottom of the debris flow channel and has filter holes 23. This allows groundwater in the channel to flow downwards through the intercepting energy dissipation threshold during normal times.

[0156] Among them, an energy dissipation guide structure is also provided at the upstream end of the discharge gap of the interception energy dissipation threshold. The energy dissipation guide structure includes two energy dissipation guide walls 24 located in the debris flow channel on both sides of the upstream end of the discharge gap of the interception energy dissipation threshold. The two energy dissipation guide walls 24 are respectively set in front of the threshold body at both ends of the discharge gap of the interception energy dissipation threshold and are in the shape of an eight-character opening towards the upstream end.

[0157] In this way, the two energy dissipation guide walls can better guide the debris flow fluid to the discharge gap in the middle of the intercepting energy dissipation sill, allowing it to concentrate and discharge downwards from the discharge gap and collide with the downstream impact energy dissipation structure to dissipate energy. At the same time, the energy dissipation guide walls themselves can complete the oblique impact friction of the guided fluid, achieving initial energy dissipation. They can guide the fluid on both sides of the directly opposite flow energy dissipation sill to the discharge gap, avoiding direct impact on the sides of the flow energy dissipation sill, reducing the impact force of the debris flow fluid on the intercepting energy dissipation sill, and improving its structural stability.

[0158] Among them, the lower foundation of the energy dissipation guide wall 24 is buried below the bottom surface of the debris flow channel, and a guide wall connecting plate 25 located on the bottom surface of the debris flow channel is horizontally fixedly connected to the upper side of the foundation.

[0159] In this way, the foundation at the lower end of the energy dissipation guide wall is deeply buried, and a horizontal connecting plate is installed above the foundation to firmly connect the energy dissipation guide walls and the foundation on both sides into a whole. This structure itself has good stability and anti-overturning ability. At the same time, debris flows have a large specific gravity and crushing characteristics. Therefore, when a debris flow strikes, the debris flow fluid will directly press on the connecting plate while impacting the energy dissipation guide wall. Its pressure can effectively prevent the energy dissipation guide wall from tilting backward. In addition, the energy dissipation guide wall has an octagonal design. The impact force of the debris flow on its inner slope can be converted into a horizontal outward thrust on the energy dissipation guide wall, which is offset and balanced by the connecting plate, ensuring that the energy dissipation guide walls on both sides are not pushed outward by the impact. Therefore, the above structure can improve the anti-overturning performance and stability of the energy dissipation guide wall from multiple angles, ensuring its reliability during the impact of debris flows.

[0160] The connecting plate 25 of the guide wall has a forward-extending protrusion in the middle. This increases the area of ​​the connecting plate, allowing it to be better suppressed when subjected to debris flows, thus improving the stability of the energy dissipation guide wall.

[0161] Among them, the upper part of the energy dissipation guide wall 24 is also provided with multiple energy dissipation guide channels 26 at intervals.

[0162] In this way, when the debris flow is large, after it submerges the upper part of the energy dissipation guide wall, some of the fluid can flow through the energy dissipation guide channel, which reduces the impact on the energy dissipation guide wall and better ensures the stability of the energy dissipation guide wall structure.

[0163] The energy dissipation guide channel 26 has oblique openings at both ends, and the middle part is curved towards the downstream end of the energy dissipation guide wall.

[0164] Because the energy dissipation guide wall is arranged in a V-shape, the fluid inside the wall is under compression. Combined with the arc-shaped structure of the energy dissipation channel, this guides the debris flow fluid from the front of the channel into the channel. After being turned by the arc-shaped structure, the fluid flows forward from the rear of the guide wall, colliding with the fluid flowing downstream from the rear of the guide wall to dissipate energy. Therefore, in cases of large debris flows, this structure allows some fluid to pass through the guide wall, reducing the impact on the wall and improving its stability. It also utilizes this passing fluid to dissipate some of the energy from the debris flow outside the guide wall, preventing the intercepting energy dissipation threshold from being overwhelmed and becoming unstable. This ensures the stability of both the guide wall and the intercepting energy dissipation threshold under the impact of large-volume debris flows.

[0165] The impact energy dissipation structure includes a diversion energy dissipation threshold 27 located in the middle of the debris flow channel (directly below the discharge gap). The diversion energy dissipation threshold 27 is an arc shape that bulges from the middle to the upstream end and is separated from the bank slopes on both sides of the debris flow channel at both ends. Two impact energy dissipation thresholds 28 are respectively arranged in the debris flow channel below the two ends of the diversion energy dissipation threshold, directly opposite the two ends of the diversion energy dissipation threshold.

[0166] In this way, the debris flow fluid (flowing from the spillway) impacts the arc-shaped diversion energy dissipation threshold along the middle of the channel, achieving (secondary) impact energy dissipation. It is then diverted to both sides and impacts the impact energy dissipation thresholds below them, achieving repeated impact energy dissipation. Through repeated collisions and energy dissipation, the debris flow fluid dissipates its energy, allowing it to quickly accumulate at the tail end of the deposition zone, avoiding damage to structures on both sides.

[0167] Among them, a support wall is vertically installed in the middle of the rear side of the diversion energy dissipation threshold 27.

[0168] In this way, the support wall provides support and reinforcement to the impact point in the middle of the diversion and energy dissipation threshold, thereby improving the stability of the structure.

[0169] Among them, the lower end of the diversion energy dissipation threshold 27 has a foundation buried below the bottom surface of the debris flow channel, and a horizontally forward-facing energy dissipation threshold pressure plate 29 is fixedly connected above the foundation of the lower part of the diversion energy dissipation threshold. The upper surface of the energy dissipation threshold pressure plate is flush with the bottom surface of the debris flow channel.

[0170] In this way, the diversion energy dissipation sill is deeply buried in the foundation to improve its stability. At the same time, a forward-facing pressure plate is set at the lower end. Before the debris flow impacts the diversion energy dissipation sill, it will first be pressed against the pressure plate. The greater weight of the debris flow will exert a large rolling pressure on the pressure plate, which better prevents the diversion energy dissipation sill from tilting backward. This greatly improves the stability of the diversion energy dissipation sill structure.

[0171] Among them, an energy dissipation plate 30 located at the bottom of the debris flow channel is also horizontally fixedly connected between the lower parts of the two impact energy dissipation plates 28 below the two ends of the diversion energy dissipation plate 27.

[0172] In this way, the two impact energy dissipation thresholds are fixed together by the energy dissipation threshold connecting plate. When the two impact energy dissipation thresholds are impacted by the fluid flowing out from both ends of the diversion energy dissipation threshold, the impact force can be converted into a horizontal outward force on the two impact energy dissipation thresholds and canceled out by the energy dissipation threshold connecting plate. Therefore, the structural stability of the diversion energy dissipation threshold is better guaranteed.

[0173] The impact energy dissipation threshold 28 is an arc shape that curves outward from the center.

[0174] In this way, the arc can guide the fluid flowing out from both ends of the diversion energy dissipation threshold and impacting the middle of the inner side of the impact energy dissipation threshold arc, and rush out to the front and rear ends along the inner side arc of the impact energy dissipation threshold. In this way, the fluid rushing out to the front along the inner side arc of the impact energy dissipation threshold can collide with the fluid flowing down from upstream, thus achieving better energy dissipation.

[0175] In the impact energy dissipation structure, the diversion energy dissipation threshold 27 and the corresponding impact energy dissipation thresholds 28 on both sides are arranged in multiple sets at downward intervals, with the lower ends of the two impact energy dissipation thresholds of the previous set facing the upstream surface of the diversion energy dissipation threshold of the next set.

[0176] In this way, the fluid rushing downstream from the inner arc of the previous set of diversion energy dissipation sills can converge and collide with the next set of diversion energy dissipation sills. Through repeated impacts and energy dissipation by multiple sets of energy dissipation structures, the fluid can dissipate energy more quickly, accumulate rapidly, and avoid causing damage to buildings behind.

Claims

1. A segmented method for controlling debris flows, comprising dividing the debris flow into a source area, a flow area, and a deposition area along the flow direction, characterized in that, Afforestation should be carried out on both sides of the debris flow channel in the source area to stabilize and intercept the source material of the debris flow; large-diameter objects mixed in the debris flow should be blocked and retained in the flow area and / or deposition area; and energy dissipation treatment should be carried out on the remaining fluid of the debris flow at the tail end of the deposition area. This method employs a segmented debris flow interception and prevention system, which includes a debris flow source area protection structure set up in the debris flow source area, a composite barrier dam structure set up in the debris flow channel in the flow area and / or deposition area, and a debris flow energy dissipation threshold structure set up at the tail of the debris flow deposition area. The debris flow source area protection structure includes a slope protection structure and a gully protection structure. The slope protection structure includes trees and shrubs planted on both sides of the debris flow gully in the source area. The gully protection structure includes a retaining wall set along both sides of the gully at the bottom of the slope on both sides of the debris flow gully in the source area. The trench protection structure also includes a deceleration and interception structure located within the slag-blocking walls on both sides; The deceleration and interception structure includes deceleration piers that are arranged in pairs facing each other on the inner sidewalls of the debris flow channel on both sides along the width direction of the debris flow channel in the source area, and deceleration walls that are spaced apart between the inner sidewalls of the debris flow channel on both sides along the width direction of the debris flow channel in the source area. The deceleration piers and deceleration walls are arranged at staggered intervals along the length direction of the debris flow channel in the source area. The deceleration wall and deceleration pier have an outwardly protruding cover plate on the lower part of the upstream side, and the upper surface of the cover plate is flush with the bottom surface of the debris flow channel in the material source area. There is a distance between the retaining wall and the bottom sides of the slopes on both sides; The slag barrier wall is provided with water outlet gaps in sections; an extension partition is provided at the upper end of the slag barrier wall below each water outlet gap, which connects to the slope in the direction of the corresponding outer slope; the extension partition is inclined upwards on the outer side of the extension partition. The slope protection structure also includes retaining walls that are arranged at intervals on the slopes of the debris flow channel in the source area. The upper part of the retaining wall is arranged at an angle in the direction of the downstream of the debris flow channel in the source area, and several short retaining walls are arranged at intervals on the upper side of the retaining wall. The retaining wall has an integrally formed water diversion channel at the bottom edge of the upper side of the slope. The water diversion channel is buried on the surface of the slope soil and the opening of the channel is flush with the slope. The short retaining wall has a clearance gap at the location of the water diversion channel. The debris flow energy dissipation barrier structure includes a flow interception energy dissipation barrier set in the debris flow channel at the tail of the debris flow deposition area along the width direction. The bank slopes on both sides of the flow interception energy dissipation barrier and the debris flow channel are fixed. A discharge gap is set in the middle of the flow interception energy dissipation barrier. An impact energy dissipation structure is also set in the debris flow channel below the discharge gap. The spillway opening of the interception and energy dissipation threshold is flush with the bottom of the debris flow channel; An energy dissipation guide structure is also provided at the upstream end of the discharge gap of the intercepting energy dissipation threshold. The energy dissipation guide structure includes two energy dissipation guide walls located in the debris flow channel on both sides of the discharge gap of the intercepting energy dissipation threshold. The two energy dissipation guide walls are set in front of the threshold body at both ends of the discharge gap of the intercepting energy dissipation threshold and are in the shape of an eight-shaped structure that opens outward towards the upstream end. The foundation at the lower end of the energy dissipation guide wall is buried below the bottom surface of the debris flow channel, and a guide wall connecting plate located at the bottom surface of the debris flow channel is horizontally and fixedly connected to the upper side of the foundation. The upper half of the energy dissipation and diversion wall is also provided with multiple energy dissipation and diversion channels at intervals; The impact energy dissipation structure includes a diversion energy dissipation threshold located in the middle of the debris flow channel. The diversion energy dissipation threshold is an arc shape that bulges from the middle to the upstream end and is separated from the bank slopes on both sides of the debris flow channel at both ends. Two impact energy dissipation thresholds are respectively set in the debris flow channel below the two ends of the diversion energy dissipation threshold, directly opposite the two ends of the diversion energy dissipation threshold.

2. The segmented treatment method for debris flows as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the debris flow channel in the source area is flat and horizontal in the vertical section along the width of the channel; The projection of the deceleration wall along the length of the debris flow channel in the source area can cover the space between adjacent deceleration blocks. The foundation portions of both the speed bumps and speed walls, located below the ground surface, extend laterally along the width of the ditch and are cast and fixed together with the slag retaining walls on both sides.

3. The segmented treatment method for debris flows as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water outlets on the retaining wall are set at intervals of 0.1-0.5 meters according to the slope height of the ditch.

4. The segmented treatment method for debris flows as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the retaining wall protruding from the slope is 5-20cm, and the depth buried below the slope is 10-25cm. The height of the short retaining wall protruding from the slope is 0-5cm, and the depth buried below the slope is 10-25cm. The trees and shrubs mentioned are trees and shrubs planted in a staggered and intermittent manner.

5. The segmented treatment method for debris flows as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The composite retaining dam structure includes a retaining dam set in the debris flow channel along the width direction, with discharge holes or discharge grids distributed on the retaining dam; it also includes intercepting piles arranged in rows along the width direction at the upstream end of the retaining dam, with the spacing between adjacent intercepting piles being larger than the hole size of the discharge holes or discharge grids on the retaining dam. The intercepting piles are arranged in at least two rows, with the spacing between the intercepting piles at the upstream end being greater than the spacing between the intercepting piles at the downstream end. Each row of intercepting piles is fixedly connected to each other by hinges, with both ends of the hinges extending forward and fixed to the foundation piles buried at the upstream end of the debris flow channel. The retaining dam is generally arc-shaped, with the middle part bulging towards the upstream end; The height on both sides of the retaining dam is higher than the height in the middle. A culvert is also constructed below the middle part of the retaining dam, at the bottom of the debris flow channel. The size of the culvert is larger than the size of the discharge orifice or discharge grid on the retaining dam.

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