Camera module, heat dissipation method thereof and electronic device

Abstract

This invention relates to camera modules, their heat dissipation methods, and electronic devices. The camera module includes a lens unit and a photosensitive component, which are assembled together to form a package structure. Inside this package structure, there are a lens-side heat dissipation space on one side of the lens unit and a photosensitive-side heat dissipation space on the other side of the photosensitive component. Here, the lens unit is constructed as a telescopic lens. Through the extension or retraction of this telescopic lens, the volume of the lens-side heat dissipation space can change to form a variable-volume first cavity, while the volume of the photosensitive-side heat dissipation space remains constant to form a fixed-volume second cavity. The first cavity is equipped with at least one first air duct that communicates with the outside of the package structure and at least one second air duct that communicates with the second cavity. The maximum volume V1 of the first cavity and the volume V2 of the second cavity satisfy: V1 ≥ 5V2. According to this invention, heat convection can be achieved inside the camera module, greatly improving heat dissipation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of optical imaging technology, and more specifically, to a camera module, a heat dissipation method thereof, and an electronic device including the camera module. Background Technology

[0002] To meet the trend of thinner and lighter terminal devices, various component manufacturers are dedicated to researching camera modules that offer high image quality while reducing or maintaining the same overall height. Improving the image quality of camera modules inevitably leads to an increase in the size of the image sensor. However, as image quality continues to improve, the size of the image sensor in existing camera modules is constantly increasing, resulting in a corresponding increase in module height. While a larger image sensor improves image quality when assembled into a terminal device, it also increases the module's height. When installed, the back of the camera module protrudes significantly from the device's casing, making it susceptible to damage under external forces and negatively impacting the aesthetics of the product, thus reducing the user experience. Therefore, there is an irreconcilable contradiction between increasing chip size and increasing module height.

[0003] To improve the imaging quality of camera modules while reducing their overall height, and to cater to the trend of thinner and lighter terminal devices, existing technologies include a retractable camera module structure. This structure involves a retractable structure on the optical lens. When the camera module is working, the retractable structure drives the optical lens away from the image sensor. When the camera module is not working, the retractable structure brings the optical lens closer to the image sensor, greatly reducing the distance between the image sensor and the optical lens. This retractable optical lens design, combined with a large image sensor, can resolve the contradiction between image quality and module height.

[0004] However, since the optical lens needs to extend beyond the casing of the terminal device during the imaging process, it is easily damaged when subjected to external forces such as drops or pressure. When the external force is large, the entire module structure may be damaged, making it impossible to guarantee the normal operation of the terminal device. At the same time, since the optical lens needs to extend beyond the casing of the terminal device, there is a certain gap between the optical lens and the casing of the terminal device. External dust, liquids, etc. can enter the camera module through the reserved gap, which will affect the imaging quality of the camera module.

[0005] Meanwhile, due to the complex shooting environment of camera modules, overexposure may occur in well-lit environments, while blurring may result in blurred subjects in dimly lit environments. Furthermore, the large chip size leads to an increase in lens and module size. To meet the miniaturization requirements of camera modules, the module size needs to be reduced, resulting in poor resolution during close-up shooting. A variable aperture can be used to compensate for this poor close-up imaging when shooting with a large chip. In existing camera module structures, autofocus (AF) is achieved by using a motor to drive the optical lens. Therefore, a solution is needed to ensure reliable cooperation between the motor mechanism and the variable aperture mechanism to improve the image quality of the camera module.

[0006] For the miniaturization of camera modules, the large size of image sensors, and the diversification and complexity of their driving mechanisms, heat dissipation is a difficult technological bottleneck to overcome.

[0007] To address the aforementioned issues, a novel camera module and its heat dissipation method are needed to effectively solve some or most of the problems. This would not only improve the imaging quality of the camera module but also achieve miniaturization of the module structure and the desired heat dissipation effect, thereby ensuring its reliability and stability during operation. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention aims to optimize the heat dissipation design of camera modules, and proposes a camera module and its heat dissipation method, as well as an electronic device including the camera module.

[0009] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a camera module is provided, comprising a lens unit and a photosensitive component. The lens unit and the photosensitive component are assembled together to form an encapsulation structure. The encapsulation structure contains a lens-side heat dissipation space on one side of the lens unit and a photosensitive-side heat dissipation space on the other side of the photosensitive component. Here, the lens unit is configured as a telescopic lens. Through the extension or retraction movement of the telescopic lens, the volume of the lens-side heat dissipation space can change to form a variable-volume first cavity, while the volume of the photosensitive-side heat dissipation space remains unchanged to form a fixed-volume second cavity. The first cavity is equipped with at least one first air duct that communicates with the outside of the encapsulation structure and at least one second air duct that communicates with the second cavity. The maximum volume V1 of the first cavity and the volume V2 of the second cavity satisfy: V1 ≥ 5V2.

[0010] Accordingly, the key design features of this invention are as follows: On the one hand, the extension or retraction of the telescopic lens causes a change in the volume of the cavity inside the module, creating a pressure difference / negative pressure between the variable-volume cavity and the external environment, as well as between the variable-volume cavity and the fixed-volume cavity, resulting in a suction effect and thus airflow, particularly forced convection. On the other hand, a large heat dissipation space is constructed inside the module. Within this space, when local gas expands due to heat, it undergoes expansion movement, creating airflow between it and the cool air. In this way, thermal convection is achieved inside the module, greatly improving heat dissipation efficiency.

[0011] Advantageously, the maximum volume V1 of the first cavity and the volume V2 of the second cavity satisfy the condition: V1 ≤ 15V2. Thus, while achieving the desired heat dissipation effect, the requirements of compact structure and miniaturized module are considered in a compromise.

[0012] Preferably, the maximum volume V1 of the first cavity and the volume V2 of the second cavity satisfy: V1 ≥ 8V2. Studies have found that this achieves better heat dissipation.

[0013] It can be set that the maximum volume V1 of the first cavity and its minimum volume V0 satisfy: V1≥2V0. The larger the ratio of the maximum volume V1 to the minimum volume V0, the greater the travel distance of the telescopic lens, and thus the greater the height of the heat dissipation cavity formed when fully extended. This is beneficial to achieving the "chimney effect", forming heat convection and enhancing heat dissipation capacity.

[0014] Based on the specific structure of the camera module, the following can be defined: the lens-side heat dissipation space includes the volume space within the encapsulation structure shell, above the bottom of the lens unit, excluding the volume filled by each component of the lens unit; the photosensitive-side heat dissipation space includes the volume space within the encapsulation structure shell, below the bottom of the lens unit, excluding the volume filled by each component of the photosensitive assembly. In other words, the lens-side heat dissipation space is largely composed of the gaps existing on one side of the lens unit inside the encapsulation structure (i.e., above the bottom of the lens unit) and the gaps between the components of the lens unit therein; the photosensitive-side heat dissipation space is largely composed of the gaps existing on one side of the photosensitive assembly inside the encapsulation structure (i.e., below the bottom of the lens unit) and the gaps between the components of the photosensitive assembly therein. This clearly and specifically defines the range of the lens-side and photosensitive-side heat dissipation spaces, thus allowing the design of the structural features and dimensional parameters of the corresponding components based on the aforementioned relationship or indicators of volumes V0, V1, and V2. The terms "up," "down," "top," and "bottom" as used herein are defined by the orientation shown in the exemplary accompanying drawings of this application. Here, the direction along the lens optical axis from the object side to the image side corresponds to the direction from "up" to "down" or from "top" to "bottom."

[0015] According to one embodiment, the lens unit includes an optical lens and a cover plate assembly. The optical lens includes at least one lens component with a lens element. The cover plate assembly includes a cover plate support and a transparent cover plate fitted into the cover plate support. The cover plate support is configured as a movable sleeve, which is axially movable relative to the fixed base of the lens unit in the direction of the lens optical axis. The sleeve includes a sleeve end wall and a sleeve peripheral wall. The sleeve end wall has a through hole for fitting the transparent cover plate, and the sleeve peripheral wall extends downward around the periphery of the sleeve end wall.

[0016] Here, the axial movement of the movable sleeve includes a retracting movement that brings the movable sleeve closer to the fixed base and an extending movement that moves it away from the fixed base. The retracting movement is a downward axial movement; the extending movement is an upward axial movement. For this telescopic lens, the volume change of the variable cavity (i.e., the first cavity) satisfies: ΔV = V1 - V0 = F × L. Wherein, ΔV is the volume change, V1 is the maximum volume, V0 is the minimum volume, F is the bottom area of ​​the sleeve (i.e., the area of ​​the extended top surface), and L is the axial movement stroke of the sleeve (i.e., the height of the extension).

[0017] Furthermore, the sleeve end wall is provided with a sleeve protrusion extending downward around the through hole. The downward extension length of the sleeve protrusion is less than the downward extension length of the sleeve peripheral wall. A central first space is formed inside the sleeve protrusion, and a peripheral second space is formed between the outer side of the sleeve protrusion and the inner side of the sleeve peripheral wall, below the sleeve protrusion, and extending outward to the inner side of the sleeve peripheral wall. The optical lens is at least partially accommodated in the first space with its upper end portion. Here, both the first space and the second space belong to the "variable volume first cavity". The first air passage may include a gap formed between the transparent cover and the through hole in the sleeve end wall, which opens into the first space.

[0018] Advantageously, the radial dimension of the outer side of the sleeve protrusion gradually decreases from the sleeve end wall to the free end of the sleeve protrusion. This creates a tapered heat dissipation space that tapers from bottom to top (i.e., smaller at the top and larger at the bottom), which is more conducive to utilizing and dissipating the heat accumulated on the lower / bottom side ("chimney effect"). On the other hand, this also allows for the creation of a suitable draft angle, facilitating the manufacture of the sleeve body.

[0019] Within the framework of this invention, the downward extending length of the sleeve protrusion can be selected to be 1 / 4 to 2 / 3 of the downward extending length of the sleeve peripheral wall. Preferably, the first space is constructed as a cylindrical hole, the diameter of which can be selected to be 1.05 to 2.50 times the diameter of the upper end of the optical lens. The radial dimension of the outer side of the sleeve protrusion can be selected to be 1.10 to 1.50 times the diameter of the cylindrical hole. The radial dimension of the inner side of the sleeve peripheral wall can be selected to be 1.10 to 2.00 times the radial dimension of the outer side of the sleeve protrusion. This forms a second space of suitable size (to construct a larger heat dissipation space and to accommodate components such as motors and stops).

[0020] According to one embodiment, the lens unit includes at least one first drive device for driving the movable sleeve to perform a retraction movement and at least one pop-out mechanism for pushing the movable sleeve to perform an extension movement.

[0021] Furthermore, the first driving device includes a fixed part fixed to the fixed base and a movable part connected to the movable sleeve.

[0022] Furthermore, the movable sleeve has at least one actuating connection end on the outer side of its sleeve peripheral wall, and the actuating connection end is connected to the movable part of the first driving device.

[0023] According to a preferred embodiment, the lens unit includes at least one guide mechanism for guiding the axial movement of the movable sleeve. The guide mechanism may include a guide rod fixed to the fixed base and a guide groove or guide hole disposed on the movable sleeve, the guide rod matching the guide groove or guide hole, and the guide groove or guide hole being able to slide along the guide rod when the movable sleeve performs axial movement.

[0024] Furthermore, the movable sleeve has at least one guide connection end on the outer side of its sleeve peripheral wall, and the connection end has the guide groove or guide hole.

[0025] Preferably, a guide connection end is provided at a position radially opposite to the actuation connection end. Preferably, two radially opposite guide connection ends are provided. Preferably, the extension direction of the guide rod is parallel to the optical axis of the lens.

[0026] Here, the first driving device may include a stepper motor disposed in a third space outside the sleeve peripheral wall. This third space (at least during and after the extension movement) communicates with the second space and can be considered part of a "variable-volume first cavity". The first air passage may include a gap formed between the outer sleeve peripheral wall and the outer shell member, which opens into the third space.

[0027] According to a preferred embodiment, at least one lens component of the optical lens is provided on its side with at least one second driving device for adjusting the axial position of the lens component or its lens elements when the movable sleeve is extended. This second driving device is particularly located on the periphery of the optical lens for focusing, such as an SMA drive or a voice coil motor. Here, the second driving device is at least partially housed within the second space.

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment, the lens unit includes an upper limit stop mechanism and a lower limit stop mechanism for limiting the axial movement stroke of the movable sleeve, with at least the upper limit stop mechanism being at least partially accommodated in the second space.

[0029] According to a preferred embodiment, at least one lens component of the optical lens has at least one shoulder that protrudes radially outward relative to the upper end of the optical lens on its side. When the movable sleeve performs the retraction movement, the free end of the sleeve protrusion can at least partially abut against the upper side of the shoulder, thereby pushing the lens component of the optical lens to move axially downward until the lower limit stop mechanism is activated.

[0030] Furthermore, at least one lens component of the optical lens is provided on its side with at least one second driving device for adjusting the axial position of the lens component or its lens elements when the movable sleeve is extended, and the shoulder is formed by the housing of the second driving device or a part thereof. Alternatively, the shoulder is formed on the lens barrel of the lens component.

[0031] Preferably, during the retraction movement of the movable sleeve, the free end of the sleeve protrusion abuts against the upper side of the shoulder only after the movable sleeve has initially moved a certain distance. This distance can be used for focusing in the working state, or to prevent the sleeve protrusion from obstructing the movement of the lens components when focusing in the working state, or to prevent collision between the shoulder and the sleeve protrusion when focusing in the working state.

[0032] According to one specific embodiment, the optical lens is designed as a split lens, comprising at least two lens components, wherein a shoulder is formed on a first lens component, a second lens component is disposed below the first lens component, and a pop-out mechanism is disposed between the first lens component and the second lens component. When the movable sleeve performs the extension movement, the pop-out mechanism causes the first lens component and the second lens component to move apart, and allows the upper side of the shoulder to at least partially abut against the free end of the sleeve protrusion, thereby pushing the movable sleeve to move axially upward until the upper limit stop mechanism is activated.

[0033] Furthermore, the pop-out mechanism includes an elastic member and a support rod for guiding and supporting the elastic member. The elastic member is capable of driving the first lens component and the second lens component to move apart through an elastic preload. The elastic member is, for example, a helical spring, which can be fitted onto the support rod.

[0034] Here, the upper limit stop mechanism includes a first stop element fixed relative to the first lens component and a second stop element fixed relative to the second lens component.

[0035] Furthermore, the upper limit stop mechanism can be at least partially accommodated in the second space. Moreover, the second stop element can extend at least partially between the outer side of the sleeve protrusion and the inner side of the sleeve peripheral wall when the movable sleeve is retracted (corresponding to the standby state).

[0036] Here, the lower limit stop mechanism includes a lower stop element fixed relative to the fixed base. The lower limit stop mechanism / lower stop element is thus configured to ensure a suitable distance between the optical lens (particularly its second lens component) and the photosensitive assembly or the filter, while preventing collisions between them during lens extension / retraction and / or focusing movements.

[0037] Furthermore, the second lens component is fixed to the fixed base, and the lower stop element is formed by the second lens component or a part thereof (e.g., its lens barrel).

[0038] According to a preferred embodiment, the lens unit is equipped with a variable aperture device, which is fixed to the upper end of the optical lens and housed within the first space.

[0039] Typically, the photosensitive assembly includes a carrier, a circuit board, and a photosensitive chip attached to the circuit board, wherein the lens unit is mounted on the carrier of the photosensitive assembly via its mounting base.

[0040] Advantageously, there is a first gap between the transparent cover and the upper surface of the optical lens, a second gap between each lens component and / or each lens element of the optical lens, and a third gap between the lower surface of the optical lens and the topmost component of the photosensitive assembly, wherein at least the first gap and the second gap are variable.

[0041] Furthermore, when the camera module is in operation, the movable sleeve and the optical lens extend, and at least the first gap and the second gap can be controlled to vary between their respective maximum and minimum values ​​to adjust the distance of each lens component and / or lens element of the optical lens relative to the photosensitive chip in the optical axis direction. This achieves focusing of the camera module.

[0042] Furthermore, the third gap can also be controlled to vary between its maximum and minimum values ​​to adjust the distance between the lens components and / or lens elements of the optical lens and the photosensitive chip in the optical axis direction. This achieves focusing of the camera module.

[0043] Advantageously, when the camera module is not in operation, retracting the movable sleeve and optical lens minimizes and maintains the first, second, and third gaps. This allows for a compact storage structure. Here, the minimum value of the second gap can be 0.

[0044] Here, the photosensitive component also includes a filter, which constitutes the topmost component of the photosensitive component.

[0045] According to a preferred embodiment, the photosensitive component further includes a third driving device capable of driving the photosensitive chip to move in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis. This enables image stabilization adjustment (OIS). The third driving device can be an SMA driving device (heat-generating component). In this case, since the photosensitive chip is suspended (movably) rather than directly contacting / supported by a heat-conducting carrier, the heat convection cooling method proposed in this invention is particularly important.

[0046] Within the framework of this invention, the second airway may include a channel or gap extending upward from the top side of the photosensitive chip.

[0047] Within the framework of this invention, the second airway may include a channel or gap extending upward from the bottom side of the photosensitive chip via the outer and / or inner side of the third driving device.

[0048] According to a second aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, which includes the camera module as described above, and the electronic device may be a smartphone, tablet computer or other portable device.

[0049] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a heat dissipation method for a camera module, the camera module having a lens unit configured as a telescopic lens, the heat dissipation method comprising:

[0050] Obtain temperature information of the heat-generating components in the camera module;

[0051] The temperature information of the heating element is sent to the computing unit, which evaluates and processes the temperature information and generates a control signal.

[0052] The controller can perform heat dissipation operations according to the corresponding control signals;

[0053] If the calculation unit determines that the temperature of the heat-generating component exceeds a preset threshold, it generates a control signal that causes the controller to perform a heat dissipation operation. The controller then controls the drive device to drive the lens unit of the camera module to perform at least one telescopic movement.

[0054] The heat-generating components are, for example, photosensitive chips and / or stepper motors, or other components in the camera module that are prone to heat generation.

[0055] Ideally, when acquiring temperature information of the heat-generating components in the camera module, a temperature sensor can be used to detect the temperature of the heat-generating components or their vicinity in real time.

[0056] Suitablely, the controller can, according to the corresponding control signal, cause the drive device to drive the lens unit to continuously perform multiple extension and retraction movements.

[0057] Here, the control signal generated by the computing unit can determine the number and frequency of the telescopic movements.

[0058] If the calculation unit determines that the temperature of the heating component does not exceed a preset threshold, it will either keep the controller inactive or shut down the drive device.

[0059] The heat dissipation method described above is applicable to the camera module, maintaining it at a temperature suitable for normal operation.

[0060] It goes without saying that the features and advantages of the camera module provided in the first aspect of the present invention are also applicable to the electronic device provided in the second aspect of the present invention and the heat dissipation method for the camera module provided in the third aspect of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0061] Some exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments and drawings disclosed herein should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive. It is also worth noting that, for clarity of illustration, some structural details in the drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0062] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a camera module in working state according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a camera module in standby mode according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the components of a camera module according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a camera module in working state according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a camera module in standby mode according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the components of a camera module according to another preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0068] Figure 7-11 The diagram illustrates the heat dissipation of the camera module in different states (working state / standby state) in different embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0069] The following description is used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and those skilled in the art can conceive of other obvious variations. The basic principles of the present invention defined in the following description can be applied to other embodiments, modifications, improvements, equivalents, and other technical solutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Furthermore, it is worth noting that the features, structures, or characteristics described in conjunction with a particular embodiment are not necessarily limited to that specific implementation, nor are they mutually exclusive with other embodiments. Within the capabilities of those skilled in the art, different combinations of features in different embodiments can be considered.

[0070] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may optionally include steps or units not listed, or may optionally include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or apparatuses. In the description of this application, the terms "longitudinal," "transverse," "axial," "radial," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," etc., indicate orientation or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not mean that the corresponding device or element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the term "a" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more", that is, in one embodiment, the number of a certain element can be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the element can be multiple. In other words, the term "a" should not be understood as a limitation on the quantity.

[0071] Unless otherwise specified, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art and may be interpreted in the context of their application in the relevant technical description.

[0072] This invention proposes a telescopic design for the CG (Cover Glass). When the camera module is in operation, the CG extends using a telescopic structure, and an elastic element at the lens end allows the optical lens to move a certain distance away from the image sensor, meeting the TTL requirements for imaging large-size (e.g., one inch or larger) sensors and enabling the module to capture images. After capturing images, the telescopic structure retracts the CG back to its initial position, simultaneously compressing the distance between the image sensor and the optical lens, restoring them to their initial state. This reduces the overall height of the camera module when it is not in operation. This design effectively resolves the inherent contradiction between improving the imaging quality of large-size image sensors and the inherent height of the module itself, allowing terminal devices equipped with this camera module to achieve a slimmer and lighter design. It enhances the overall aesthetics while fulfilling its imaging function, meeting market demands and improving user satisfaction.

[0073] The drive mechanism for telescopic camera modules often requires a drive stroke of 3mm-10mm. However, the voice coil motor, widely used in camera modules, is unsuitable as the drive mechanism for long-stroke telescopic modules. The drive motor for telescopic modules often uses a stepper motor, typically a two-phase, three-phase, or five-phase motor. This motor usually has a rotating output end, and its rotational motion is converted into linear motion through transmission mechanisms such as gears and racks, worm gears, crankshafts, eccentric wheels / cams, and half-tooth springs. Electrical heating is very common during motor operation. Especially with the demand for miniaturization in camera modules, the motors used in these modules are often small, generally less than 4mm x 4mm. In these smaller drive motors, the stator and rotor dimensions are reduced, and the air gap between them is correspondingly reduced, typically 0.2mm to 1.5mm. During operation, friction and even collisions easily occur between the stator and the rotating rotor of these miniaturized drive motors, generating heat. Therefore, the miniaturized motors used in telescopic modules may experience significant heat generation. This heat generation can lead to wear on the motor bearings and inner bores, as well as deformation of the end caps, which in turn can cause problems with the motor's driving accuracy and, in severe cases, affect the lifespan of the drive motor.

[0074] On the other hand, to accommodate larger image sensors, retractable modules often employ high TTL and large-aperture optical solutions. Due to their larger area, the image sensor can accommodate larger pixels, increasing light intake, or allow for a greater number of pixels, thus improving image resolution. Using lenses with large sensors, high TTL, and large apertures is a superior technical approach for camera modules, resulting in better image resolution. However, large sensors, with their larger operating area, are more prone to heat buildup. Therefore, overheating is particularly pronounced during continuous shooting or video recording with large image sensors, making improving heat dissipation a crucial technical challenge in the industry.

[0075] Generally speaking, the conventional methods for heat dissipation of camera modules in the industry can be divided into: heat conduction, heat convection and heat radiation.

[0076] Thermal convection primarily involves heat exchange through fluids, relying on fluid movement to transfer heat. Generally, the components of a module are small in size and have small gaps, resulting in poor air circulation within the module. For example, in conventional FF and AF modules, because their overall outer casing is fixed, there is no corresponding air flow inside the camera module, making thermal convection difficult to achieve. Previous AF and FF modules had insufficient internal air circulation, making it impossible to improve heat dissipation efficiency through thermal convection. Therefore, it can be considered that heat dissipation in conventional modules essentially does not include thermal convection.

[0077] Thermal conduction is the phenomenon of heat transfer within a medium without macroscopic motion. It can occur in solids, liquids, and gases, but strictly speaking, pure thermal conduction only occurs in solids. A temperature difference within an object or system is a necessary condition for thermal conduction. In other words, heat transfer will occur as long as there is a temperature difference within or between media. The rate of thermal conduction depends on the distribution of the temperature field within the object and is also determined by the thermal conductivity of the material. The thermal conductivity of common metallic materials used in camera modules typically ranges from 2.3 to 420 W / (m·K), with silver at 420 W / (m·K). Generally, metals have higher thermal conductivity than nonmetals, and pure metals have higher thermal conductivity than alloys. Among the three states of matter, solids have the highest thermal conductivity, followed by liquids, and gases have the lowest. In principle, heat-generating components can only achieve good heat conduction if they are in direct contact with / supported by a heat-conducting material carrier. However, the design of some heat-generating components in camera modules does not support this possibility. For example, photosensitive chips that are suspended or suspended to achieve OIS function, especially for large-sized chips (e.g., up to one inch or more), their heat generation cannot be ignored and may affect the reliability and stability of the camera module.

[0078] Thermal radiation mainly involves heat exchange through temperature differences between objects. When the temperature difference between two objects is small, the heat exchange through radiation can be basically ignored. Since thermal radiation does not require a medium to propagate, its efficiency is also lower than that of thermal conduction. Therefore, in terms of efficiency, thermal conduction has been the main method for heat dissipation inside modules in the past.

[0079] Based on the above considerations, the present invention now proposes a camera module 100, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1-11 As shown, it includes a lens unit 100a and a photosensitive component 100b. The lens unit and the photosensitive component are assembled together to form a package structure. Inside this package structure, there is a lens-side heat dissipation space on one side of the lens unit and a photosensitive-side heat dissipation space on the other side of the photosensitive component. According to the invention, the lens unit is constructed as a telescopic lens. Through the extension or retraction movement of the telescopic lens, the volume of the lens-side heat dissipation space can change to form a variable-volume first cavity, while the volume of the photosensitive-side heat dissipation space remains unchanged to form a fixed-volume second cavity. The first cavity is equipped with at least one first air duct that can communicate with the outside of the package structure and at least one second air duct that can communicate with the second cavity. Furthermore, the maximum volume V1 of the first cavity and the volume V2 of the second cavity satisfy: V1 ≥ 5V2.

[0080] Accordingly, on the one hand, the extension or retraction of the telescopic lens causes a change in the volume of the cavity inside the module. This creates a pressure difference / negative pressure between the variable-volume cavity and the external environment, as well as between the variable-volume cavity and the fixed-volume cavity, resulting in a suction effect and thus airflow, particularly forced convection. On the other hand, a large heat dissipation space is constructed inside the module. Within this space, when local gas is heated and expands, it generates expansion motion, creating airflow between it and the cool air. In this way, thermal convection is achieved inside the module, improving heat dissipation efficiency.

[0081] Preferably, the maximum volume V1 of the first cavity and the volume V2 of the second cavity satisfy: V1 ≤ 15V2. This achieves effective heat dissipation while balancing the requirements of a compact structure and miniaturized module.

[0082] Preferably, the maximum volume V1 of the first cavity and the volume V2 of the second cavity satisfy: V1 ≥ 8V2. This achieves better heat dissipation.

[0083] Preferably, the maximum volume V1 of the first cavity and its minimum volume V0 satisfy: V1 ≥ 2V0. The larger the ratio of the maximum volume V1 to the minimum volume V0, the greater the travel distance of the telescopic lens, and thus the greater the height of the heat dissipation cavity formed when fully extended, resulting in a stronger heat dissipation capacity ("chimney effect"). This will be explained in detail below.

[0084] Based on the specific structure of the camera module, it can be defined that: the lens-side heat dissipation space includes the volume space within the encapsulation structure shell, above the bottom of the lens unit, excluding the volume filled by each component of the lens unit; the photosensitive-side heat dissipation space includes the volume space within the encapsulation structure shell, below the bottom of the lens unit, excluding the volume filled by each component of the photosensitive assembly. In other words, the lens-side heat dissipation space is generally formed by the gap existing on one side of the lens unit inside the encapsulation structure (i.e., above the bottom of the lens unit) and the gaps between the components of the lens unit therein; the photosensitive-side heat dissipation space is generally formed by the gap existing on one side of the photosensitive assembly inside the encapsulation structure (i.e., below the bottom of the lens unit) and the gaps between the components of the photosensitive assembly therein. This defines the scope of the lens-side heat dissipation space and the photosensitive-side heat dissipation space, making the meaning and relationship of the aforementioned volumes V0, V1, and V2 clearer, more specific, and easier to implement. The terms "up," "down," "top," and "bottom" as used herein are defined by the orientation shown in the exemplary accompanying drawings of this application. Here, the direction along the lens optical axis from the object side to the image side corresponds to the direction from "up" to "down" or from "top" to "bottom."

[0085] Therefore, as Figure 1-6 As shown, in the camera module design proposed in this invention, the lens unit 100a includes an optical lens 20 and a cover plate assembly. The optical lens includes at least one lens component with at least one lens element. The cover plate assembly includes a cover plate support and a transparent cover plate 10 embedded in the cover plate support. The transparent cover plate 10 covers the optical lens 20 and is coaxially arranged with the optical lens 20. The transparent cover plate 10 is made of a light-transmitting material to transmit light and protect the optical lens 20. The area of ​​the transparent cover plate 10 perpendicular to the optical axis is larger than the cross-section of the light beam entering the optical lens 20, so that when an external force is applied to the lens unit 100a, it first acts on the transparent cover plate 10 to protect the optical lens 20 and improve the reliability of the lens unit and the camera module.

[0086] The cover plate support is constructed as a movable sleeve 413, which is axially movable relative to the fixed base 417 of the lens unit in the direction of the lens optical axis. The sleeve includes an end wall and a peripheral wall. The end wall has a through hole 41342 for embedding the transparent cover plate 10. The area of ​​the through hole 41342 perpendicular to the optical axis is larger than the cross-section of the light beam entering the optical lens, preventing the sleeve support from blocking light. The peripheral wall extends downward around the periphery of the end wall, and its bottom extends outward to form a movable sleeve portion 4132, which is connected to the first driving device 41.

[0087] The cover plate support raises the transparent cover plate 10 above the optical lens 20. Meanwhile, the movable sleeve 413 can be made of plastic material. Plastic material has better pressure resistance and damage resistance than glass, so that when external force is applied to the retractable module, more of the external force is applied to the movable sleeve, thereby improving the reliability of the retractable module.

[0088] The sleeve end wall has a sleeve protrusion 4134 extending downward around the sleeve through hole 41342. A central first space is formed inside the sleeve protrusion 4134, and a peripheral second space is formed between the outer side of the sleeve protrusion 4134 and the inner side of the sleeve peripheral wall, below the sleeve protrusion 4134, and outward to the inner side of the sleeve peripheral wall. The inner diameter of the sleeve protrusion 4134 is larger than the aperture of the upper end face of the lens, which can reserve clearance for lens focusing and protect the upper end face of the first lens component through the first space, improving the reliability of the lens unit and the camera module. The optical lens 20 can be at least partially accommodated in the first space with its upper end face. The second space can be used to place other components, saving space, reducing the height of the camera module, and realizing the miniaturization of the camera module.

[0089] Here, the first space (in) Figure 7 and Figure 10 (indicated by "I") and the second space (in) Figure 7 and Figure 10 All (indicated by "II") belong to the "first cavity with variable volume". The first air passage may include a gap formed between the transparent cover and the through hole in the end wall of the sleeve, which opens into the first space.

[0090] It should be noted again that the terms "up," "down," "inner," and "outer" are defined in accordance with the orientation shown in the exemplary figures of this application. Here, the direction along the optical axis of the lens from the object side to the image side corresponds to the direction from "up" to "down." The terms "axial" and "radial" refer to the optical axis of the lens, that is, the axial direction is along (or parallel to) the optical axis of the lens, and the radial direction is perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens. Accordingly, "inner" refers to the position that is radially close to the optical axis, and "outer" refers to the position that is radially away from the optical axis.

[0091] The sleeve protrusion 4134 can be constructed as a ring protrusion structure or a block structure evenly distributed in a circumferential direction to form a first space and a second space inside the sleeve.

[0092] According to the structural requirements of the present invention, the downward extension length of the sleeve protrusion 4134 is less than the downward extension length of the sleeve peripheral wall. For example, the downward extension length of the sleeve protrusion 4134 can be selected as 1 / 4 to 2 / 3 of the downward extension length of the sleeve peripheral wall, so as to accommodate the lens component and the like within the movable sleeve 413, effectively forming an isolation effect between its internal components and the outside world.

[0093] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first space is constructed as a cylindrical hole, the diameter D1 of which is larger than the upper end diameter d of the optical lens 20. Preferably, the diameter D1 of the cylindrical hole can be selected to be 1.05 to 2.50 times the upper end diameter d of the optical lens 20.

[0094] Optionally, the radial dimension of the outer side of the sleeve protrusion 4134 is 1.10 to 1.50 times the diameter of the cylindrical hole.

[0095] Preferably, the radial dimension of the outer side of the sleeve protrusion 4134 gradually decreases from the sleeve end wall to the free end of the sleeve protrusion 4134, forming a shape as shown in the figure. Figure 1 , 2 as well as Figure 4 , 5 The diagram shows a tapered surface that tapers from top to bottom. This creates a tapered heat dissipation space that tapers from bottom to top (i.e., smaller at the top and larger at the bottom), which is more conducive to utilizing and dissipating heat accumulated on the lower / bottom side ("chimney effect"). On the other hand, this also allows for the creation of a suitable draft angle, facilitating the manufacture of the sleeve body.

[0096] According to the structural requirements of the present invention, the radial dimension of the inner side of the sleeve peripheral wall is larger than the radial dimension of the outer side of the sleeve protrusion 4134. Preferably, the radial dimension of the inner side of the sleeve peripheral wall can be selected as 1.10 to 2.00 times the radial dimension of the outer side of the sleeve protrusion 4134. This forms a second space of suitable size between the inner side of the sleeve peripheral wall and the outer side of the sleeve protrusion 4134, which can be used to accommodate components such as motors and stop parts, as will be further explained below.

[0097] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the axial movement of the movable sleeve 413 includes a retraction movement that brings the movable sleeve 413 closer to the fixed base 417 and a protrusion movement that moves it away from the fixed base 417.

[0098] It should be noted that the retraction motion is the downward axial motion, and the extension motion is the upward axial motion.

[0099] According to this preferred embodiment of the invention, the lens unit 100a further includes at least one first drive device 41 for driving the movable sleeve 413 to perform the retraction movement and at least one pop-out mechanism 30 for pushing the movable sleeve 413 to perform the extension movement.

[0100] Furthermore, the first driving device 41 includes a fixed part fixed to the fixed base 417 and a movable part connected to the movable sleeve 413. The movable sleeve 413 has at least one actuating connection end on the outer side of its sleeve peripheral wall, and the actuating connection end is connected to the movable part of the first driving device 41. Even further, the first driving device 41 includes a stepper motor and a transmission part for transmission.

[0101] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the actuating connection end is a first movable connection end 41321, the stepper motor serves as a drive device 41211, and the transmission part includes a gear device 41221 and a transmission screw 41222. The movable part is a transmission component 413211 that cooperates with the transmission screw 41222, which can be a nut component. In particular, the external structure of the transmission component 413211 matches the first movable connection end 41321, so that it does not rotate relative to the first movable connection end 41321 during operation. Thus, the first drive device 41 is an actuation structure similar to a "screw and nut transmission mechanism". Specifically, the first driving device has the following structure and operation: the stepper motor acts as the driver 41211, driving the gear device 41221 and the transmission screw 41222 to rotate. Since the transmission component 413211 is a non-rotatable nut component, the transmission component 413211 moves axially up and down along the transmission screw 41222, driving the movable sleeve 413 to perform an extension or retraction movement.

[0102] The stepper motor (and its transmission unit) is arranged in a third space outside the sleeve peripheral wall (in Figure 7 and Figure 10 (Indicated by "III" in the middle). This third space (at least during and after the extension movement of the movable sleeve) communicates with the second space and can be regarded as part of the "variable volume first cavity".

[0103] As mentioned above, the stepper motor is a major heat-generating component, which generates significant heat and experiences a rapid temperature rise. Therefore, the heat convection cooling measures proposed in this invention are particularly important.

[0104] Here, the first air passage may include a gap formed between the outer side of the sleeve peripheral wall and the outer shell component, which leads into the third space.

[0105] According to the structure of the preferred embodiment described above, a guide connection end is provided on the outer side of the movable sleeve 413, at a radially opposite position to the actuating connection end (first movable connection end 41321). Preferably, two guide connection ends can be provided, such as... Figure 3 The second movable connection end 41322 and the third movable connection end 41323 shown in Figure 6 can be positioned according to the actual situation, such as radially opposed or without affecting the position of other components.

[0106] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the lens unit 100a includes at least one guide mechanism for guiding the axial movement of the movable sleeve 413. The guide mechanism includes a guide rod 4151 fixed to the fixed base 417 and a guide groove or guide hole disposed on the movable sleeve. The guide rod 4151 matches the guide groove or guide hole, and the extension direction of the guide rod is preferably parallel to the optical axis of the lens. When the movable sleeve 413 performs axial movement, the guide groove or guide hole can slide along the guide rod 4151. Figure 3 Or as shown in diagram 6, the guide groove or guide hole is constructed on the guide connection end (second movable connection end 41322).

[0107] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one lens component of the optical lens 20 is provided on its side with at least one second drive device 42 for adjusting the axial position of the lens component or its lens elements when the movable sleeve 413 is extended. This second drive device 42 is particularly located on the periphery of the optical lens and is primarily used for focusing during the shooting process, such as an SMA drive device or a voice coil motor; it is often also a significant heat-generating component. Advantageously, the second drive device 42 is at least partially housed within the second space.

[0108] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lens unit includes an upper limit stop mechanism and a lower limit stop mechanism for limiting the axial movement stroke of the movable sleeve 413, wherein at least the upper limit stop mechanism is at least partially accommodated in the second space.

[0109] Furthermore, at least one lens component of the optical lens has at least one shoulder 24 that protrudes radially outward relative to the upper end of the optical lens on its side. When the movable sleeve 413 performs the retraction movement, the free end of the sleeve protrusion 4134 can at least partially abut against the upper side of the shoulder 24, thereby pushing the lens component of the optical lens to move axially downward until the lower limit stop mechanism is activated.

[0110] according to Figure 1 and Figure 2In a preferred embodiment of the present invention shown, the shoulder 24 is formed on the lens barrel of the lens component. A gap exists between the lower surface of the sleeve protrusion 4134 and the shoulder 24 of the first lens barrel, providing space for the optical lens to move along the optical axis, preventing collisions during focusing, and improving the reliability of the camera module's extension and retraction. Simultaneously, this gap also provides space for the variable aperture device to be activated, facilitating the circuitry of the variable aperture.

[0111] During the retraction movement of the movable sleeve 413, the free end of the sleeve protrusion 4134 only comes into contact with the upper side of the shoulder 24 after the movable sleeve 413 has initially moved a certain distance. Therefore, the distance between the free end of the sleeve protrusion 4134 and the shoulder 24 can be used for focusing in the working state, or in other words, to prevent the sleeve protrusion 4134 from obstructing the movement of the lens components when focusing in the working state, or to prevent collision between the shoulder 24 and the sleeve protrusion 4134 when focusing in the working state.

[0112] according to Figure 4 and Figure 5 In another preferred embodiment of the invention shown, at least one lens component of the optical lens 20 is provided on its side with at least one second drive device 42 for adjusting the axial position of the lens component or its lens elements when the movable sleeve 413 is extended. The shoulder 24 is formed by the housing of the second drive device 42 or a part thereof, and can be used to prevent excessive movement of the optical lens during the extension movement. In the non-operating state, the second drive device 42 can be partially accommodated in the aforementioned second space, reducing the motor shoulder height and thus reducing the height of the camera module.

[0113] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the optical lens is configured as a split optical lens, including at least a first lens component 21 and a second lens component 22, wherein a shoulder 24 is formed on the first lens component 21, the second lens component 22 is disposed below the first lens component 21, and the pop-out mechanism 30 is disposed between the first lens component 21 and the second lens component 22. When the movable sleeve 413 performs the extension movement, the pop-out mechanism 30 causes the first lens component 21 and the second lens component 22 to move apart, and causes the upper side of the shoulder 24 to at least partially abut against the free end of the sleeve protrusion 4134, thereby pushing the movable sleeve to move upward along the axial direction until the upper limit stop mechanism is activated.

[0114] Preferably, the pop-out mechanism 30 includes an elastic member 31 and a support rod 32 for guiding and supporting the elastic member. The elastic member 31 can drive the first lens component 21 and the second lens component 22 to move apart through elastic preload. The elastic member is, for example, a helical spring, which can be fitted onto the support rod 32.

[0115] According to one embodiment of this application, the upper stop mechanism includes a first stop element 25 fixed relative to the first lens component 21 and a second stop element 26 fixed relative to the second lens component 22.

[0116] In such Figure 1 and Figure 2 In a preferred embodiment shown, the first lens component 21 includes a first lens barrel and a first lens group, and the second lens component 22 includes a second lens barrel and a second lens group. The first lens group is disposed within the first lens barrel, which protects the first lens group. The second lens group is disposed within the second lens barrel, which protects the second lens group. The shoulder 24 is integrally formed with the first lens barrel.

[0117] The upper limit stop mechanism includes a second stop element 26 fixed above the edge of the second lens component 22 and a first stop element 25 fixed below the shoulder 24. The second stop element 26 is higher than the first stop element 25. The second stop element 26 may be an annular structure. The upper end of the second stop element 26 includes a protrusion extending in the axial direction. When the outer edge of the first stop element 25 can move upward, it just abuts against the protrusion of the second stop element 26.

[0118] In such Figure 4 and Figure 5 In another preferred embodiment shown, the first lens component 21 includes a first lens barrel and a first lens group, and the second lens component 22 includes a second lens barrel and a second lens group. The first lens group is disposed within the first lens barrel, which can be used to protect the first lens group, and the second lens group is disposed within the second lens barrel, which can be used to protect the second lens group.

[0119] A second drive component 42 is provided on the outer side of the first lens barrel, which can be a type of AF motor. In this embodiment, the maximum outer diameter of the second lens component 22 is greater than the maximum outer diameter of the second drive device 42, so as to keep the size of the lens unit in the x / y direction (that is, the radial direction, or the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens) within a small range.

[0120] The upper limit stop mechanism includes a first stop element 25 and a second stop element 26 that cooperate with each other. The second stop element 26 is higher than the first stop element 25. The second stop element 26 can be a ring structure. The bottom of the second stop element 26 is connected to the outer edge of the second lens component 22 or the position where the second lens component 22 is connected to the fixed base 417. The upper end of the second stop element includes a protrusion extending in the axial direction. The first stop element can be a ring structure with an L-shaped cross-section. The diameter of the outer circumference of the first stop element is slightly smaller than the diameter of the inner circumference of the second stop element to facilitate their installation. The first stop element can be fixed to the side and bottom of the second drive device 42 for synchronous movement and can also protect the second drive part in the X, Y, and Z directions. The top of the first stop element 25 can just abut against the protrusion of the second stop element 26. The lower surface of the first stop element 25 can be recessed inward to accommodate the support rod 32. The first lens component 22 and the second driving device 42 are supported above the second lens component 22 by the elastic mechanism 30 and the upper limit stop mechanism. The second space formed between the outer side of the sleeve protrusion 4134 and the inner side of the movable sleeve 413 can accommodate the second stop element 26, saving space and making the camera module more compact.

[0121] In any of the above embodiments, the first stop element 25 is disposed between the pop-out mechanism 30 and the shoulder 24, and the lower surface of the first stop element 25 may be provided with an inward recess for accommodating the support rod 32 of the pop-out mechanism 30.

[0122] like Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the second stop element 26 can extend at least partially between the outer side of the sleeve protrusion 4134 and the inner side of the sleeve peripheral wall when the movable sleeve 413 is retracted (corresponding to the standby state).

[0123] By cooperating with the first and second stop elements, the first lens component 21 and the second drive device 42 can be effectively stopped and limited when they are bounced upwards.

[0124] In this embodiment, the lower limit stop mechanism includes a lower stop element 27 fixed relative to the fixed base 417.

[0125] Under the concept of the present invention, a lower limit stop mechanism / lower stop element 27 is provided to ensure that there is a suitable distance between the optical lens (especially its second lens component 22) and the photosensitive component 100b or the filter, while preventing the two from colliding during lens extension and / or focusing movements.

[0126] In this embodiment, the second lens component 22 is fixed to the fixed base 417, and the lower stop element 27 is composed of the second lens component 22 or a part thereof.

[0127] According to any embodiment of the present invention, the lens unit may be equipped with a variable aperture device 70, which is fixed to the upper end of the optical lens 20 and housed within the first space. For this, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1-3 The embodiment shown. Of course, in Figure 4-6 In the illustrated embodiment, such a variable aperture device may also be provided depending on the specific design and usage requirements.

[0128] The variable aperture device 70 includes a variable aperture fixing part, aperture blades, a variable aperture driving part, and a variable aperture electrical connection part. The variable aperture fixing part is fixed to the upper surface and side wall of the first lens barrel. The aperture blades of the variable aperture extend inward to above the first lens component 21. The aperture blades are located on the light path of the lens unit and are used to change the size of the variable aperture to adjust the amount of light entering the lens unit. The variable aperture is set on the upper end face of the first lens component. Since the chip size in this invention is relatively large, the lens size will increase, and the module size will also increase accordingly. In order to meet the requirements of miniaturization of the camera module, the module size needs to be reduced, resulting in poor resolution when shooting at close range. The variable aperture is needed to compensate for the poor close-range imaging when shooting with a large chip. The shoulder 24 (the platform on the upper surface of the first lens barrel) creates a receiving space. The variable aperture device is placed within this space, allowing it to descend from the upper surface of the first lens barrel to the side, reducing the height of the lens unit and camera module, resulting in a more compact overall structure. The sleeve protrusion 4134, the transparent cover plate 10, and the first lens barrel together form a receiving space. This space houses part of the first lens component 21 and the variable aperture device 70. The receiving space provides room for the variable aperture device 70 to move while protecting the lens end face and the variable aperture device, improving the reliability of the lens elements and camera module.

[0129] The height of the sleeve protrusion 4134 along the optical axis is greater than the height of the variable aperture along the optical axis, resulting in a gap between the upper surface of the variable aperture and the transparent cover plate 10. This prevents the variable aperture from colliding with the transparent cover plate 10 during subsequent extension and retraction, thus preventing damage to the lens unit. A gap exists between the outer side of the variable aperture and the inner side of the sleeve protrusion 4134 to allow space for deformation of the variable aperture during operation.

[0130] The present invention also provides a camera module 100, including a lens unit 100a as described above, and a photosensitive component 100b, the photosensitive component 100b including a carrier frame, a circuit board 61 and a photosensitive chip 62 attached to the circuit board 61; wherein the lens unit is mounted on the carrier frame of the photosensitive component 100b via its fixing base 417.

[0131] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a first gap S1 exists between the transparent cover plate 10 and the upper surface of the optical lens 20, a second gap S2 exists between each lens component and / or each lens element of the optical lens 20, and a third gap S3 exists between the lower surface of the optical lens 20 and the topmost member of the photosensitive assembly 100b, wherein at least the first gap S1 and the second gap S2 are variable. The third gap S3 can also be controlled to vary between its maximum and minimum values ​​to adjust the distance of each lens component and / or each lens element of the optical lens 20 relative to the photosensitive chip 62 in the optical axis direction.

[0132] Specifically, see, for example Figure 1 and Figure 2 or Figure 4 and Figure 5 There is a first gap S1 between the transparent cover plate 10 and the upper surface of the first lens component 21, a second gap S2 between the first lens component 21 and the second lens component 22, and a third gap S3 between the second lens component 22 and the photosensitive component 100b.

[0133] When the camera module is working, the movable sleeve 413 and the optical lens 20 are extended, and at least the first gap S1 and the second gap S2 can be controlled to change between their respective maximum and minimum values ​​to adjust the distance between the first lens component 21 and the second lens component 22 in the optical axis direction relative to the photosensitive chip 62, so as to achieve focusing based on the structure of the present invention.

[0134] When the camera module is not in operation, the movable sleeve 413 and the optical lens 20 are retracted, and the first gap S1, the second gap S2 and the third gap S3 can be reduced to and kept to a minimum, thereby achieving a compact storage structure.

[0135] Preferably, the minimum value of the second gap S2 is 0.

[0136] Additionally, the photosensitive component 100b further includes a filter, which constitutes the topmost component of the photosensitive component 100b. Preferably, the photosensitive component 100b further includes a third driving device 50, capable of driving the photosensitive chip 62 to move in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis. The third driving device 50 is mainly a photosensitive chip image stabilization component, including a chip image stabilization fixing part, a chip image stabilization movable part, a driving element SMA, etc. The chip image stabilization movable part is connected to the photosensitive component. When the photosensitive chip movable part moves relative to its fixing part, it can drive the photosensitive chip to move, thereby realizing the image stabilization (OIS) adjustment of the photosensitive chip. For this, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4-6 The embodiment shown. Of course, in Figure 1-3 In the illustrated embodiment, depending on the specific design and usage requirements, a third drive device can also be provided to achieve the anti-shake function.

[0137] The third driving device (e.g., an SMA driving device) and the photosensitive chip (especially a large-size photosensitive chip) are also the main heat-generating components in the module. Moreover, according to this anti-shake design structure, since the photosensitive chip is suspended (movable) rather than directly contacting / supporting a heat-conducting carrier that can conduct heat dissipation, the heat convection heat dissipation measures proposed in this invention are particularly important.

[0138] The second airway may include a channel or gap extending upward from the top side of the photosensitive chip.

[0139] The second airway may include a channel or gap extending upward from the bottom side of the photosensitive chip via the outer and / or inner side of the third driving device.

[0140] In addition, the photosensitive component 100b also includes electronic components, etc. The photosensitive chip 62 is fixed to the upper surface of the circuit board and is in communication with it. The electronic components are distributed on the side of the photosensitive chip 62. The electronic components and the part connecting the photosensitive chip 62 to the circuit board 61 are molded through a molding process. The molded base formed has a filter mounting position on its cross section. That is, the molded base molds the electronic components inside it, which can effectively reduce the overall height of the photosensitive component.

[0141] As an example, based on the corresponding structures of the components described above, the working process of the two embodiments shown in the figure will be explained in detail below.

[0142] (one) Figure 1 , Figure 2 A preferred embodiment shown

[0143] (i) The camera module is composed of Figure 2 The standby state shown enters as follows Figure 1 The working status shown

[0144] The pop-out mechanism 30 causes the first lens component 21 and the second lens component 22 to move apart, and the optical lens 20 moves upward along the optical axis. This allows the upper side of the shoulder 24 to at least partially abut against the free end of the sleeve protrusion 4134, thereby pushing the movable sleeve 413 to move upward along the axis and perform an extension movement until the top of the first stop element 25 abuts against the second stop element 26, that is, the upper limit stop mechanism is activated. During this process, the movable sleeve 413 can achieve a maximum stroke of L1 through the first driving device 41. The first lens component 21 of the optical lens can move axially relative to the second lens component 22 through the action of the pop-out mechanism, with a maximum stroke of L2. The variable range of the first gap S1 between the transparent cover plate 10 and the upper end face of the first lens component 21 of the optical lens is ΔS1. The second gap S2 between the first lens component 21 and the second lens component 22 increases, with a variable range of ΔS2, which can be between 0 and L2. The second lens component 22 can move axially relative to the fixed base 417, so that the third gap S3 between the lower end face of the second lens component 22 and the filter can also change under the action of the second driving device 42.

[0145] (ii) The camera module is composed of Figure 1 The working state shown enters as follows Figure 2 Standby status shown

[0146] The first driving device 41's driving device 41211 (stepper motor) drives the transmission screw 41222 to rotate via the gear device 41221. The transmission component 413211 moves downward along the optical axis along the transmission screw 41222, causing the movable sleeve 413 to move axially relative to the fixed base 417, thus performing a retraction movement. During the retraction movement of the movable sleeve 413, after the movable sleeve 413 has initially moved a certain distance, the free end of the sleeve protrusion 4134 abuts against the upper side of the shoulder 24, thereby pushing the first lens component 21 of the optical lens to move axially downward until the bottom of the second lens component 22 abuts against the lower stop element 27, that is, the lower limit stop mechanism is activated.

[0147] (two) Figure 4 , Figure 5 Another preferred embodiment shown

[0148] (i) The camera module is composed of Figure 5 The standby state shown enters as follows Figure 4 The working status shown

[0149] The pop-out mechanism 30 causes the first lens component 21 and the second lens component 22 to move apart, and the optical lens 20 moves upward along the optical axis. It also causes the upper side of the second drive device 42 to push the free end of the sleeve protrusion 4134, so that the first lens component 21 and the movable sleeve 413 both move upward along the axial direction to perform the extension movement. At the same time, the top of the first stop element 25 abuts against the second stop element 26, that is, the upper limit stop mechanism is activated. During this process, the movable sleeve 413 can achieve a maximum stroke of L1 through the first driving device 41. The first lens component 21 of the optical lens can move axially relative to the second lens component 22 through the action of the pop-out mechanism, with a maximum stroke of L2. The variable range of the first gap S1 between the transparent cover plate 10 and the upper end face of the first lens component 21 of the optical lens is ΔS1. The second gap S2 between the first lens component 21 and the second lens component 22 increases, with a variable range of ΔS2, which can be between 0 and L2. The second lens component 22 can move axially relative to the fixed base 417, so that the third gap S3 between the lower end face of the second lens component 22 and the filter can also change under the action of the second driving device 42.

[0150] In this embodiment, since focusing is performed by moving the first lens component 21 up and down along the optical axis, the second driving device 42 does not move with focusing when the first lens component 21 is focusing. Therefore, there is no need to reserve space between the lower surface of the sleeve protrusion 4134 and the upper surface of the second driving device 42. The sleeve protrusion 4134 abuts against the second driving device 42, and the two move together.

[0151] (ii) The camera module is composed of Figure 4 The working state shown enters as follows Figure 5 Standby status shown

[0152] The first driving device 41's driving device 41211 (stepper motor) drives the transmission screw 41222 to rotate via the gear device 41221. The transmission component 413211 moves downward along the optical axis along the transmission screw 41222, causing the movable sleeve 413 to move axially relative to the fixed base 417, thus performing a retraction movement. During the retraction movement of the movable sleeve 413, the free end of the sleeve protrusion 4134 of the movable sleeve 413 abuts against the upper side of the shoulder 24, thereby pushing the first lens component 21 of the optical lens to move axially downward. The first lens component 21 moves closer to the second lens component 22, and the second driving device 42 presses down the first stop element 25, thereby axially compressing the pop-up mechanism 30 until the bottom of the second lens component 22 abuts against the lower stop element 27, that is, the lower limit stop mechanism is activated. When not in operation, the distance between H1, H2, and H3 can be minimized, reducing their height when not in operation, making the camera module structure more compact, and meeting the trend of thinner and lighter terminal devices that are compatible with it.

[0153] The telescopic module of the CG in this design utilizes a stepper motor to drive the CG cover plate to extend and retract along the optical axis. This, combined with elastic components and support rods positioned between the optical lenses, allows the module to operate as follows: When in operation, the stepper motor drives the CG to rise along the optical axis. Under the action of the elastic components, the distance between the optical lenses increases to meet the TTL requirements for imaging. After shooting, the stepper motor drives the CG to move in the opposite direction to the optical axis, compressing the distance between the first and second lens assemblies and returning them to their initial state, maintaining an overall height reduction, thus completing one shooting process.

[0154] Meanwhile, during the actual shooting process, when the TTL of the optical lens meets the imaging requirements of the large-size chip, in order to further improve the image quality, a second driving element, namely the AF motor, is used on the optical lens to achieve focusing, making the captured photos clearer; a third driving element, namely the chip stabilization motor, is used on the image sensor to correct shake during the shooting process, thus completing a high-quality shooting process. In other words, the CG telescopic module provided by this solution uses the first driving element to resolve the contradiction between the large-size chip and the module height, allowing the overall module to remain compact; the second driving element resolves the focusing position during the large-size chip imaging process, driving only the optical lens for focusing, reducing the driving force requirement while solving the problem of image sharpness; the third driving element solves the image stabilization problem of the large-size chip, placing the driving element only on the image sensor end of the camera module, so that it only drives the image sensor to move, compared to driving the entire optical lens to achieve image stabilization. This setup can meet the image stabilization requirements with less driving force, while also achieving miniaturization.

[0155] In summary, the CG telescopic module provided in this solution offers a better solution for imaging large-size chips, which aligns with the current trend in camera module development.

[0156] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising an electronic device body and at least one camera module 100 disposed on the electronic device body, wherein the camera module 100 has the same structure and function as the telescopic module in the preferred embodiment described above. The camera module is mounted on the electronic device body and can serve as a front-facing camera or a rear-facing camera. Optionally, in this preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electronic device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, computer, tablet computer, and other shooting devices with shooting functions, such as smart wearable devices, monitoring devices, etc.

[0157] The present invention also provides a heat dissipation method for a camera module having a lens unit configured as a telescopic lens, the heat dissipation method comprising:

[0158] Obtain temperature information of the heat-generating components in the camera module;

[0159] The temperature information of the heating element is sent to the computing unit, which evaluates and processes the temperature information and generates a control signal.

[0160] The controller can perform heat dissipation operations according to the corresponding control signals;

[0161] If the calculation unit determines that the temperature of the heat-generating component exceeds a preset threshold, it generates a control signal that causes the controller to perform a heat dissipation operation. The controller then controls the drive device to drive the lens unit of the camera module to perform at least one telescopic movement.

[0162] Here, the heat-generating components are, for example, a photosensitive chip, an image stabilization drive, a focus drive, and / or a stepper motor.

[0163] According to the heat dissipation method of the present invention, when acquiring the temperature information of the heat-generating component in the camera module, a temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the heat-generating component or its vicinity in real time.

[0164] According to the heat dissipation method of the present invention, the controller can, based on corresponding control signals, cause the driving device to drive the lens unit to continuously perform multiple telescopic movements to achieve the desired cooling / heat dissipation effect. Here, the control signals generated by the computing unit can determine the number and frequency of the telescopic movements.

[0165] According to the heat dissipation method of the present invention, if the calculation unit determines that the temperature of the heat-generating component does not exceed a preset threshold, the controller is kept in an inactive state or the controller is shut down to avoid interfering with the normal use of the camera module.

[0166] The heat dissipation method of this invention is particularly suitable for the camera module of this invention, maintaining it at a temperature suitable for normal operation. Thus, this invention enables a heat dissipation method for a telescopic module, dissipating heat through the continuous expansion and contraction of the camera module. This implementation includes a temperature sensor, a controller, a telescopic mechanism, and a computing unit. The temperature sensor may include first and second temperature sensors, which are preferably located on the photosensitive chip side and the stepper motor side.

[0167] According to a preferred embodiment, a temperature sensing unit should be provided at least on the photosensitive chip side.

[0168] A temperature sensor on the photosensitive chip side detects the temperature of the photosensitive chip, while a sensor on the stepper motor side detects the temperature of the stepper motor. When the computing unit determines that the temperature of the photosensitive chip exceeds a certain preset temperature, it triggers the controller to control the stepper motor to drive the movable sleeve to perform a certain frequency of extension and retraction. This continuous extension and retraction achieves thermal convection (forced convection) within the heat dissipation cavity, thus lowering the temperature. Due to the presence of air channels, each extension and retraction movement generates gas flow within the module, resulting in gas exchange through thermal convection. This allows for rapid heat dissipation, far exceeding the heat dissipation efficiency achieved by the upward movement of hot air (similar to a chimney) when the extension and retraction mechanism is stationary. If the computing unit determines that the temperature of the photosensitive chip has dropped below the preset temperature, it causes the controller to stop the extension and retraction mechanism, allowing for natural heat dissipation.

[0169] Figure 7-11 The diagram illustrates the heat dissipation of camera modules from different embodiments under different states (working state / standby state). Figures 7-9 In the illustrated embodiment, the telescopic mechanism, optical lens, and their driving device have similar structures and are equipped with a variable aperture structure, wherein... Figure 7 and 8 The illustrated embodiment does not include a third driving device (for implementing OIS adjustment) configured on the photosensitive chip. Figure 9 The illustrated embodiment includes a third driving device; in Figure 10 and 11 The illustrated embodiment includes a third driving device disposed on the photosensitive chip. Furthermore, it can be seen that... Figure 7 and Figure 10 This shows the extended working state of the CG (and lens components), while Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 11This shows the standby state with the CG (and lens components) retracted.

[0170] In this telescopic module, the heat-generating components mainly include: a first driving device (e.g., a stepper motor for driving the movable sleeve), a second driving device (e.g., a motor for driving the lens component / lens to move along the optical axis to achieve focusing, such as a voice coil motor or an SMA driving device), a third driving device (e.g., an SMA driving device for driving the image sensor to move in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis to achieve image stabilization adjustment), and an image sensor (especially a large-size chip of one inch or more).

[0171] According to the heat dissipation scheme for the telescopic module proposed in this application, the telescopic module has a variable-volume heat dissipation cavity and at least one fixed-volume heat dissipation cavity (equivalent to the heat dissipation space on the photosensitive component side). Preferably, the volume of the variable-volume heat dissipation cavity is greater than or equal to eight times the volume of the fixed-volume heat dissipation cavity. Since the variable-volume heat dissipation cavity in this scheme can be extended and retracted via a driving device, it can switch between its minimum and maximum volume. During the extension and retraction, the air duct design generates gas movement from the outside of the camera module to the inside, forming gas flow. During the extension and retraction process, the gas inside the telescopic module can flow with the external gas, which can also generate thermal convection and increase heat dissipation efficiency. Simultaneously, increasing the size of the heat dissipation cavity can also accelerate the heat dissipation speed, thereby improving heat dissipation efficiency. Experiments show that if the volume of the variable-volume heat dissipation cavity is more than eight times the volume of the fixed-volume cavity, the telescopic module often achieves better heat dissipation.

[0172] It is worth mentioning that the variable volume heat dissipation cavity has a maximum heat dissipation volume V1 and a minimum heat dissipation volume V0, where V1 ≥ V0. At least two heating elements (a stepper motor and a voice coil motor, though a single heating element can also be present) are located within the variable volume heat dissipation cavity. The variable volume heat dissipation cavity reaches its maximum volume after the movable sleeve extends and its minimum volume after the movable sleeve retracts. Because the ratio of the heat dissipation cavity's maximum volume to its minimum volume is defined, when the heat dissipation cavity is at its maximum, that is, when the telescopic mechanism is raised to its highest point, the increased height leads to faster gas convection. Therefore, not only is the volume relationship set, but the travel distance of the telescopic mechanism also plays a crucial role. Figure 7 and 10 The designation marked with "L" in the middle is also of significant technical importance because: hot air always rises, and the longer the heat dissipation cavity is, the greater the negative pressure created by the rising airflow, resulting in stronger exhaust and heat dissipation capabilities, thus leading to a stronger thermal convection effect ("chimney effect"). Of course, when implementing the telescopic movement, adopting a telescopic drive with a larger stroke, in terms of increasing the heat dissipation cavity to improve heat dissipation efficiency, is also a feasible way to improve heat dissipation.

[0173] For this type of telescopic module / telescopic lens, the volume change of the variable cavity (i.e., the first cavity mentioned above) satisfies: ΔV=V1-V0=F×L. Where ΔV is the volume change, V1 is the maximum volume, V0 is the minimum volume, F is the bottom area of ​​the sleeve (i.e., the area of ​​the extended top surface), and L is the axial movement stroke of the sleeve (i.e., the extended height).

[0174] Besides the volume and height of the heat dissipation cavity, a reasonable cavity shape design is also a feasible way to improve heat dissipation efficiency. For example... Figure 7-11 As shown, the upper cavity of the variable volume heat dissipation cavity is smaller than the lower cavity, and has an inverted, enlarged shape similar to a chimney. Generally, the variable volume heat dissipation cavity can be further preferably conical, with a smaller upper part and a larger lower part. In this way, when the electronic components are working, heat accumulates from the bottom, making the air pressure at the bottom of the heat dissipation cavity much greater than the air pressure outside the heat dissipation cavity. This increases the heat dissipation efficiency ("chimney effect") through thermal convection.

[0175] By taking the above measures, the telescopic module can form a heat dissipation space similar to the "chimney effect" through thermal convection after it extends and retracts, thereby removing the heat generated by the stepper motor and photosensitive chip during operation.

[0176] It is worth mentioning that, according to Figure 9-11 In the illustrated embodiment, the photosensitive chip, requiring translational image stabilization, is suspended above the bottom surface of the module by a retainer. As mentioned earlier, heat dissipation of chips (especially large chips of one inch or more) is a major challenge facing the module industry. On the photosensitive component side, there is essentially a fixed-volume heat dissipation space with virtually no air flow, resulting in very low thermal convection efficiency. Therefore, heat dissipation of the photosensitive chip must be achieved through thermal conduction. However, paradoxically, this suspended or suspended support design (which is not in direct contact with / supported by a heat-conducting carrier) inherently limits the possibility of improving thermal conduction. This invention innovatively proposes a heat dissipation solution based on thermal convection.

[0177] As for the second driving device mentioned above, if a voice coil motor is used as the AF driving device, since its moving and stationary parts are non-contact, it will not generate much heat. If a piezoelectric motor is used, it will generate a lot of heat, especially during long-term operation. Therefore, the heat dissipation solution proposed in this invention is of great value.

[0178] In this telescopic module of the present invention, air channels can preferably be provided on the glass cover (CG) and its structural components. Therefore, during and after the extension of the CG (and lens components), due to the presence of thermal convection, the heat emitted by the bottom chip will be transported to the upper layer of the camera module by thermal convection and flow outward from the upper layer through the gap between the glass cover and the CG structural components.

[0179] For stepper motors arranged on the side, the gap between the outer casing and the top casing can form a second air passage. The local heat dissipation space of this second air passage is also larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. Therefore, the heat dissipated by the stepper motor can also achieve a similar heat convection effect.

[0180] For the photosensitive component, an additional graphene heat sink (TSA) can be considered at the bottom of the photosensitive component to improve heat dissipation efficiency. With increased bottom heat dissipation, the heat dissipation efficiency of the airflow at the bottom of the chip is greater, thus enhancing the overall heat dissipation effect; moreover, the more heat at the bottom, the higher the thermal convection efficiency, resulting in greater heat dissipation efficiency. As shown in the figure, in the photosensitive chip suspension scheme, to enhance chip heat dissipation, bottom heat dissipation measures need to be implemented. Therefore, opposing air channels can be designed between the photosensitive component and the adjacent suspension component; preferably, there can be one or more air channels.

[0181] While exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes and modifications can be made to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and all such changes and modifications are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0182] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention involved in this application is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above-described features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions disclosed in this application.

Claims

1. A camera module, comprising a lens unit and a photosensitive component, wherein the lens unit and the photosensitive component are assembled together to form an encapsulation structure, the encapsulation structure having a lens-side heat dissipation space on one side of the lens unit and a photosensitive-side heat dissipation space on the other side of the photosensitive component. Its features are, The lens unit is constructed as a telescopic lens. Through the extension or retraction movement of the telescopic lens, the volume of the heat dissipation space on the lens side can be changed to form a first cavity with a variable volume, while the volume of the heat dissipation space on the photosensitive side remains unchanged to form a second cavity with a fixed volume. The first cavity is equipped with at least one first air duct that can communicate with the outside of the packaging structure and at least one second air duct that can communicate with the second cavity. The maximum volume V1 of the first cavity and the volume V2 of the second cavity satisfy: V1≥5V2.

2. The camera module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum volume V1 of the first cavity and the volume V2 of the second cavity satisfy: V1≤15V2.

3. The camera module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum volume V1 of the first cavity and the volume V2 of the second cavity satisfy: V1≥8V2.

4. The camera module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum volume V1 and the minimum volume V0 of the first cavity satisfy: V1≥2V0.

5. The camera module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lens-side heat dissipation space is included within the encapsulation structure housing, above the bottom of the lens unit, and is the volume space excluding the volume filled by each component of the lens unit; the photosensitive-side heat dissipation space is included within the encapsulation structure housing, below the bottom of the lens unit, and is the volume space excluding the volume filled by each component of the photosensitive assembly.

6. The camera module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The lens unit includes: An optical lens, comprising at least one lens component having a lens element, and A cover plate assembly, comprising a cover plate support and a transparent cover plate fitted into the cover plate support; The cover plate support is constructed as a movable sleeve, which is capable of axial movement relative to the fixed base of the lens unit in the direction of the lens optical axis, and includes: The sleeve end wall has a through hole for embedding the transparent cover plate, and The sleeve peripheral wall extends downward around the periphery of the sleeve end wall.

7. The camera module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sleeve end wall is provided with a sleeve protrusion extending downward around the through hole. The downward extension length of the sleeve protrusion is less than the downward extension length of the sleeve peripheral wall. A central first space is formed inside the sleeve protrusion. A peripheral second space is formed between the outer side of the sleeve protrusion and the inner side of the sleeve peripheral wall, below the sleeve protrusion, and outward to the inner side of the sleeve peripheral wall. The optical lens is at least partially accommodated in the first space with its upper end portion.

8. The camera module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The radial dimension of the outer side of the sleeve protrusion gradually decreases from the sleeve end wall to the free end of the sleeve protrusion.

9. The camera module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The downward extension of the sleeve protrusion is 1 / 4 to 2 / 3 of the downward extension of the sleeve peripheral wall.

10. The camera module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first spatial structure is a cylindrical hole, the diameter of which is 1.05 to 2.50 times the diameter of the upper end of the optical lens.

11. The camera module according to claim 10, characterized in that, The radial dimension of the outer side of the sleeve protrusion is 1.10 to 1.50 times the diameter of the cylindrical hole.

12. The camera module according to claim 11, characterized in that, The radial dimension of the inner side of the sleeve peripheral wall is 1.10 to 2.00 times the radial dimension of the outer side of the sleeve protrusion.

13. The camera module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The lens unit includes at least one first drive device for driving the movable sleeve to perform a retraction movement and at least one pop-out mechanism for pushing the movable sleeve to perform an extension movement.

14. The camera module according to claim 13, characterized in that, The first driving device includes a movable part connected to the movable sleeve.

15. The camera module according to claim 14, characterized in that, The movable sleeve has at least one actuating connection end on the outer side of its sleeve peripheral wall, and the actuating connection end is connected to the movable part of the first driving device.

16. The camera module according to claim 7, characterized in that, The lens unit includes at least one guide mechanism for guiding the axial movement of the movable sleeve.

17. The camera module according to claim 16, characterized in that, The guiding mechanism includes a guide rod fixed to the fixed base and a guide groove or guide hole disposed on the movable sleeve. The guide rod matches the guide groove or guide hole. When the movable sleeve performs axial movement, the guide groove or guide hole can slide along the guide rod.

18. The camera module according to claim 17, characterized in that, The movable sleeve has at least one guide connection end on the outer side of its sleeve peripheral wall, and the connection end is provided with the guide groove or guide hole.

19. The camera module according to claim 13, characterized in that, The first driving device includes a stepper motor, which is arranged in a third space outside the peripheral wall of the sleeve.

20. The camera module according to any one of claims 7 to 19, characterized in that, At least one lens component of the optical lens is provided on the side with at least one second driving device for adjusting the axial position of the lens component or its lens when the movable sleeve is extended.

21. The camera module according to claim 20, characterized in that, The second drive unit is at least partially housed in the second space.

22. The camera module according to any one of claims 7 to 19, characterized in that, The lens unit includes an upper limit stop mechanism and a lower limit stop mechanism for limiting the axial movement stroke of the movable sleeve, with at least the upper limit stop mechanism being partially accommodated in the second space.

23. The camera module according to any one of claims 7 to 19, characterized in that, At least one lens component of the optical lens has at least one shoulder that protrudes radially outward relative to the upper end of the optical lens on its side. When the movable sleeve performs the retraction movement, the free end of the sleeve protrusion can at least partially abut against the upper side of the shoulder, thereby pushing the lens component of the optical lens to move axially downward until the lower limit stop mechanism is activated.

24. The camera module according to claim 23, characterized in that, At least one lens component of the optical lens is provided on its side with at least one second drive device for adjusting the axial position of the lens component or its lens element when the movable sleeve is extended, and the shoulder is formed by the housing of the second drive device or a part thereof.

25. The camera module according to claim 23, characterized in that, The shoulder is formed on the lens barrel of the lens component.

26. The camera module according to claim 23, characterized in that, During the retraction movement of the movable sleeve, the free end of the sleeve protrusion abuts against the upper side of the shoulder only after the movable sleeve has initially moved a certain distance.

27. The camera module according to claim 23, characterized in that, The optical lens includes at least two lens components, wherein a shoulder is formed on a first lens component, a second lens component is disposed below the first lens component, and a pop-out mechanism of the lens unit is disposed between the first lens component and the second lens component. When the movable sleeve performs the extension movement, the pop-out mechanism causes the first lens component and the second lens component to move apart, and allows the upper side of the shoulder to at least partially abut against the free end of the sleeve protrusion, thereby pushing the movable sleeve to move axially upward until the upper limit stop mechanism is activated.

28. The camera module according to claim 27, characterized in that, The pop-out mechanism includes an elastic member and a support rod for guiding and supporting the elastic member. The elastic member can drive the first lens component and the second lens component to move apart through elastic preload.

29. The camera module according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that, The upper limit stop mechanism includes a first stop element fixed relative to the first lens component and a second stop element fixed relative to the second lens component.

30. The camera module according to claim 29, characterized in that, The upper limit stop mechanism can be at least partially accommodated in the second space.

31. The camera module according to claim 27, characterized in that, The lower limit stop mechanism includes a lower stop element fixed relative to the fixed base (417).

32. The camera module according to claim 31, characterized in that, The second lens component is fixed to the fixed base, and the lower stop element is composed of the second lens component or a part thereof.

33. The camera module according to any one of claims 7 to 19, 21, 24-28, 30-32, characterized in that, The lens unit is equipped with a variable aperture device, which is fixed to the upper end of the optical lens and housed in the first space.

34. The camera module according to claim 6, characterized in that, The photosensitive component includes a carrier frame, a circuit board, and a photosensitive chip attached to the circuit board, wherein the lens unit is mounted on the carrier frame of the photosensitive component via its mounting base.

35. The camera module according to claim 34, characterized in that, There is a first gap between the transparent cover plate and the upper surface of the optical lens, a second gap between each lens component and / or each lens element of the optical lens, and a third gap between the lower surface of the optical lens and the topmost component of the photosensitive assembly, wherein at least the first gap and the second gap are variable.

36. The camera module according to claim 35, characterized in that, When the camera module is in operation, the movable sleeve and the optical lens are extended, and at least the first gap and the second gap are controllably varied between their respective maximum and minimum values ​​to adjust the distance of each lens component and / or lens element of the optical lens relative to the photosensitive chip in the optical axis direction.

37. The camera module according to claim 36, characterized in that, The third gap can also be controlled to vary between its maximum and minimum values ​​to adjust the distance between the lens components and / or lenses of the optical lens relative to the photosensitive chip in the optical axis direction.

38. The camera module according to claim 35, characterized in that, When the camera module is not in operation, the movable sleeve and optical lens are retracted, and the first gap, the second gap and the third gap can be reduced to and kept to a minimum.

39. The camera module according to any one of claims 35 to 38, characterized in that, The minimum value of the second gap is 0.

40. The camera module according to any one of claims 35 to 38, characterized in that, The photosensitive component also includes a filter, which constitutes the topmost component of the photosensitive component.

41. The camera module according to any one of claims 34 to 38, characterized in that, The photosensitive component also includes a third driving device, which is at least capable of driving the photosensitive chip to move in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis.

42. An electronic device, characterized in that, Includes the camera module as described in any one of claims 1 to 41.

43. A heat dissipation method for a camera module as described in any one of claims 1 to 41, characterized in that, The camera module has a lens unit configured as a telescopic lens, and the heat dissipation method includes: Obtain temperature information of the heat-generating components in the camera module; The temperature information of the heating element is sent to the computing unit, which evaluates and processes the temperature information and generates a control signal. The controller can perform heat dissipation operations according to the corresponding control signals; If the calculation unit determines that the temperature of the heat-generating component exceeds a preset threshold, it generates a control signal that causes the controller to perform a heat dissipation operation. The controller then controls the drive device to drive the lens unit of the camera module to perform at least one telescopic movement.

44. The heat dissipation method according to claim 43, characterized in that, When acquiring temperature information of the heat-generating components in the camera module, a temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature of the heat-generating components or their vicinity in real time.

45. The heat dissipation method according to claim 43, characterized in that, The controller, based on the corresponding control signals, causes the drive device to drive the lens unit to continuously perform multiple extension and retraction movements.

46. ​​The heat dissipation method according to claim 45, characterized in that, The control signal generated by the computing unit determines the number and frequency of the telescopic movements.

47. The heat dissipation method according to any one of claims 43 to 46, characterized in that, If the calculation unit determines that the temperature of the heating component does not exceed the preset threshold, it will either keep the controller inactive or shut down the drive device.

48. The heat dissipation method according to any one of claims 43 to 46, characterized in that, The heat dissipation method is used for the camera module to maintain it at a temperature suitable for normal operation.

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