A dry-lubrication tenon-and-groove broach structure suitable for hot pipe cooling without coolant

Abstract

The present application provides a tenon groove broach structure suitable for dry broaching heat pipe cooling without coolant, in order to solve the technical problems that it is difficult for the coolant to enter the narrow gap between the broach head and the machined part when the coolant is sprayed on the cutter body at the cutting position during the processing of turbine disc tenon groove by broaching, the heat dissipation is not ideal, the blade edge is overheated and burned, the broach life is reduced, and a large amount of cutting fluid is used, the cooling cavity and a plurality of heat pipe components are arranged on the broach body, the heat generated by the broach head is transmitted to the condensing heat dissipation pipe segment in the cooling cavity through the phase change medium in the heat pipe components by the phase change heat transfer principle of the heat pipe, and the condensing heat dissipation pipe segment is cooled by the cooling gas in the cooling cavity, so that the temperature of the broach head is reduced without using the coolant, and the dry broaching without coolant is realized during the processing of turbine disc tenon groove.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of manufacturing parts of aero-engines and gas turbines, in particular the technical field of broaching processing of turbine disc mortise and tenon slots, and relates to a mortise broach, in particular to a dry broaching mortise broach structure using heat pipe cooling instead of cooling liquid cooling and a manufacturing method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The turbine disc is a key component of an aero-engine, and its working conditions are harsh, as it bears the superposition of high temperature and high stress. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the combustion chamber drives the turbine blades to rotate, thereby driving components such as the compressor and the fan. The turbine disc has a complex structure, and its main parts include the disc body, the turbine blades, and the blade slots. The disc body is the part connecting the bearing and the rotor, the disc rim is the part connected with the turbine blades, and the turbine blades are the part bearing the airflow impact and converting it into mechanical energy. The turbine disc is usually made of high-temperature alloy, such as powder high-temperature alloy, single-crystal high-temperature alloy, and directionally solidified high-temperature alloy. These materials have characteristics such as high strength, high heat resistance, and high corrosion resistance, but also have processing performance with high technical requirements, complex preparation process, and great manufacturing difficulty, which requires special processing technology.

[0003] The connection structure of the turbine disc rim and the turbine blade is crucial to ensuring the stability and reliability of the engine. In the prior art, the connection between the two generally adopts a fir tree-shaped mortise and tenon slot, a plurality of circular-arc-shaped mortise and tenon slots are formed on the turbine disc rim, and are matched with the tenon on the turbine blade to realize the mechanical connection of the turbine blade and the turbine disc rim. The axial positioning of the turbine blade generally adopts a snap ring structure, that is, an annular groove is formed on the outer circumference of the turbine disc rim, and a flexible snap ring is used to clamp the tenon of the turbine blade to prevent the turbine blade from loosening in the axial direction.

[0004] In the prior art, the turbine disc mortise and tenon slot is generally processed by broaching, such as the precision broaching jig and method for small test block mortise and tenon slot of an aero high-pressure turbine disc disclosed in Chinese patent application CN202211650832.9, and the processing method for a wide mortise and tenon slot of a turbine disc disclosed in CN202210703940.1. In general, broaching is a mechanical processing method with high precision, high efficiency, and high complexity, and can be finally formed in one step. When broaching the turbine disc mortise and tenon slot, the broach is a multi-blade tool used for cutting the turbine disc mortise and tenon slot. It generally adopts a segmented combination form, different teeth are designed according to the material properties of the turbine disc, the shape and size of the mortise and tenon slot, the material, structure form, broaching speed, and process route of the broach are optimized, and the structure shape and size precision of the broach are utilized to make the broach move linearly along the axial direction of the turbine disc under the action of traction or thrust through the main movement of the broaching machine, so as to cut the mortise and tenon slot on the turbine disc tooth by tooth, and gradually process the shape and size of the mortise and tenon slot.

[0005] While broaching offers unique technical advantages for machining turbine disk tenons, the localized high temperatures generated during the cutting process can lead to broach wear. Existing technologies address this issue by selecting suitable broach materials and coatings to improve heat and wear resistance, choosing appropriate cutting parameters and lubrication / cooling conditions to reduce frictional heat between the broach and workpiece, optimizing the broach structure and geometry to reduce the contact area and pressure between them, and using coolant to lower the broach's operating temperature. Among these methods, spraying coolant onto the cutting surface of the broach body to reduce the contact temperature between the broach and workpiece is currently a commonly used solution. The drawbacks of this cooling method are that, due to the small cross-sectional area of ​​the cutting part, it is difficult for the coolant to enter the narrow gap between the cutter and the workpiece. The coolant can only be sprayed onto specific parts of the tool surface and cannot directly act on the cutting interface. Most of the coolant flows through the broach without providing good cooling, resulting in poor heat dissipation and uneven cooling. This can easily lead to overheating, annealing, and burning at the cutting edge. The direction and force of the coolant spray are difficult to control, which may affect cutting stability and surface quality. The spraying of coolant can reduce the rigidity and strength of the broach and may corrode the tool and workpiece, leading to a reduction in the life of the broach and workpiece. The large amount of cutting fluid used and the need for treatment and recycling of the cutting fluid increase environmental pollution and treatment costs. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (I) Purpose of the Invention

[0007] To address the aforementioned deficiencies and shortcomings of existing technologies, and to solve the technical problems encountered when using broaching to machine turbine disk tenons, such as the difficulty in getting coolant into the narrow gap between the cutter head and the workpiece due to spraying coolant onto the cutting tool body at the cutting edge, resulting in poor heat dissipation, overheating and annealing at the cutting edge, burns, reduced broach life, and excessive use of cutting fluid, this invention proposes a heat pipe-cooled tenon groove broach structure suitable for dry broaching without coolant. By setting a cooling cavity and several heat pipe components on the broach body, and utilizing the phase change heat transfer principle of the heat pipes, the heat generated by the cutter head is transferred to the cooling cavity at the bottom of the cutter body through the liquid phase change medium inside the heat pipe components. Heat is then dissipated by cooling gas introduced into the cooling cavity, thereby reducing the cutter head temperature without the use of coolant and realizing dry broaching of turbine disk tenons without coolant.

[0008] (II) Technical Solution

[0009] To achieve the objective of this invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0010] A tenoning broach structure suitable for dry broaching with heat pipe cooling without coolant, comprising at least a broach body, at least one cooling cavity and multiple broach heads disposed on the broach body, characterized in that,

[0011] The blade is a slender, solid, columnar structure extending along its length. At least two of the multiple sides of the columnar structure are arranged opposite to each other and are distributed in parallel. One side is formed as the top surface of the blade, and the other side is formed as the bottom surface of the blade.

[0012] The top surface of the blade body is provided with at least one blade mounting groove extending along its length direction, and the plurality of blades are fixedly mounted in the blade mounting groove by their bases and fasteners;

[0013] The cooling cavity is an overall elongated U-shaped groove structure with openings at both ends and the top. The top of the U-shaped groove structure is adapted to the bottom surface of the blade body in shape and size and is fixed to the bottom surface of the blade body by a flange structure and fasteners. Cooling gas is introduced into one end of the cooling cavity to form a cold air inlet, and cooling gas is discharged from the other end to form a cold air outlet.

[0014] and,

[0015] The blade body has several heat pipe components that are discretely distributed and fixedly installed along its length direction on its bottom surface. Each heat pipe component is a tubular structure with a heat pipe core on its inner wall, a negative pressure inside the cavity, and a liquid phase change medium. Each tubular structure includes at least one evaporation heat absorption tube section and one condensation heat dissipation tube section along its length direction. Each evaporation heat absorption tube section extends into the solid body of the blade body and extends upward to a position close to the top surface of the blade body and maintaining a distance from the bottom surface of the blade head mounting groove. Each condensation heat dissipation tube section extends into the cooling cavity and extends downward to a position close to the bottom wall of the cooling cavity.

[0016] Preferably, the plurality of cutting heads is a one-piece cutting head structure, with the bottom of each cutting head integrally formed on a strip-shaped base extending along its length. The strip-shaped base is adapted to the shape and size of the cutting head mounting groove and is detachably fixed in the cutting head mounting groove by fasteners. The one-piece cutting head structure and mechanical connection method not only simplify the tool structure and improve its rigidity, but also enhance the tool's maintainability, replaceability, and positioning accuracy, resulting in excellent performance and technical advantages.

[0017] Preferably, the plurality of cutting heads is a modular cutting head structure, with a corresponding block-shaped base at the bottom of each cutting head. Each block-shaped base is adapted to the shape and size of the cutting head mounting slot at least in its width direction. Each cutting head is detachably fixed in the cutting head mounting slot via its bottom block-shaped base and fasteners. This preferred embodiment employs a modular cutting head structure, allowing for different tool configurations by selecting different cutting heads and their combinations, thus expanding the functionality and application range of the tools. It also offers advantages such as ease of maintenance, improved versatility, simplified manufacturing, and suitability for automated assembly.

[0018] Preferably, the material, quantity, tooth shape, and tooth rise of the broach are determined based on the material, three-dimensional contour, and machining requirements of the turbine disk tenon groove surface being broached, ensuring the quality of the turbine disk tenon groove broaching process while fully guaranteeing the strength and surface quality of the broach. In turbine disk tenon groove broaching, the tooth rise of the broach directly affects machining efficiency and quality. It should be determined comprehensively based on factors such as machining accuracy, tool hardness, chip removal capability, machining force load, and cutting conditions to avoid problems such as chatter or tooth wear caused by excessively small or large tooth rise, resulting in too many teeth or excessive cutting force.

[0019] Preferably, the heat pipe components are arranged in an array on the bottom surface of the blade body in a staggered manner, and the condensation and heat dissipation pipe sections extending into the cooling cavity are arranged to form a turbulence column array to increase the heat exchange efficiency between the heat pipe condensation section and the cooling gas.

[0020] Preferably, each of the condensation and heat dissipation pipe sections is provided with heat dissipation fins on its outer wall to increase its contact area with the cooling gas in the cooling cavity and improve heat dissipation efficiency.

[0021] Preferably, the bottom surface of the blade body is machined with a plurality of heat pipe mounting holes that are adapted to and correspond one-to-one with the shape and size of each heat pipe component. Each heat pipe mounting hole extends upward to a position close to the top surface of the blade body and maintaining a distance from the bottom surface of the blade mounting groove. The evaporation heat absorption tube section of each heat pipe component is coated with thermally conductive silicone grease on its outer wall and then fixedly inserted into the corresponding heat pipe mounting hole by means of interference fit or threaded connection. This preferred solution, by setting mounting holes on the blade body that match the heat pipe and using a simple and reliable connection method to achieve the insertion and fixation of the heat pipe, not only ensures stable heat conduction between the heat pipe and the blade body, but also has the technical advantages of good heat dissipation effect, easy maintenance and reduced thermal stress concentration.

[0022] Preferably, each heat pipe component is integrally formed on the bottom surface of the cutter body using additive manufacturing. Its evaporation heat absorption section is a heat pipe hole formed in the bottom surface of the cutter body and extending upwards. Each heat pipe hole extends upwards to a position close to the top surface of the cutter body and maintaining a distance from the bottom surface of the cutter head mounting groove. Its condensation heat dissipation section is formed on the bottom surface of the cutter body and extends downwards to a position close to the bottom wall of the cooling cavity. This preferred embodiment directly forms a complete heat pipe structure on the cutter body through integral molding, achieving not only a simple structure, good heat dissipation, and high tool strength, but also high machining accuracy and adaptability to automated production.

[0023] Preferably, the relevant parameters of the heat pipe component, including at least the cross-sectional dimensions, the amount of liquid filling, and the spacing between the components, are set according to the heat generated during the broaching process of the turbine disk tenon groove.

[0024] Preferably, the liquid phase change medium in the inner cavity of the heat pipe component is filled by generating negative pressure through vacuuming and then heating to remove gas.

[0025] The present invention relates to a heat pipe-cooled tenon and groove broach structure suitable for dry broaching without coolant. Its working principle is as follows: Several heat pipe components extending perpendicularly to the bottom surface are installed on the broach body. The heat pipe components are internally pressurized and filled with a phase change medium. Each heat pipe component includes an evaporation heat absorption section and a condensation heat dissipation section along its length. The evaporation heat absorption section extends into the broach body and approaches the broach head mounting groove, while the condensation heat dissipation section extends into the cooling cavity and approaches the bottom wall of the cooling cavity. During broaching, the heat generated by the broach head is transferred to the evaporation heat absorption section, causing the liquid phase change medium inside the heat pipe to evaporate into a gaseous state. The gaseous phase change medium flows along the heat pipe to the condensation heat dissipation section, where it condenses into a liquid state upon encountering the introduced cooling gas, releasing heat. This forms a cyclical heat transfer process, effectively removing the heat generated by the broach head, reducing the broach head temperature, and improving tool life and machining quality.

[0026] (III) Technical Effects

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the tenon and slot broach structure of the present invention, which is suitable for dry broaching of heat pipes without coolant, has the following beneficial and significant technical effects:

[0028] (1) The tongue and groove broach structure of the present invention is suitable for dry broaching with heat pipe cooling without coolant. The use of heat pipe broach can avoid the heat dissipation method of spraying cooling oil on the cutting part, which has the effect of green and environmental protection.

[0029] (2) The tenon and slot broach structure of the present invention is suitable for dry broaching with heat pipe cooling without coolant. The heat pipes arranged inside the broach body can greatly improve the heat dissipation capacity and extend the life of the broach head.

[0030] (3) The tongue and groove broach structure of the present invention is suitable for dry broaching of heat pipe cooling without coolant. The heat pipe broach can be formed in one step by using additive manufacturing method, which reduces processing steps, reduces processing costs, simplifies processing technology and shortens manufacturing cycle.

[0031] (4) The tongue and groove broach structure of the present invention is suitable for dry broaching heat pipe cooling without coolant. It can process heat pipe cores with complex structures by using additive manufacturing method. The resulting micro-surface can improve wettability and improve the performance of heat pipe.

[0032] (5) The tenon and groove broach structure of the present invention is suitable for dry broaching heat pipe cooling without coolant. The split broach can replace the worn part of the broach when the broach tip is severely worn, which greatly reduces the cost of use.

[0033] (6) The tenon and groove broach structure of the present invention is suitable for dry broaching heat pipe cooling without coolant. The same broach body can be used for various types and different numbers of broach heads, reducing the cost of use. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the tenon and groove broach of the present invention, which is suitable for dry broaching of heat pipe cooling without coolant.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the tenon and groove broach of the present invention, which is applicable to dry broaching heat pipe cooling without coolant.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an integral broach head structure;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a split-type combined broach head structure;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of heat pipes on the bottom surface of the blade body in this invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the heat pipe insertion structure in this invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall heat pipe structure in this invention.

[0041] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0042] 10-Cutter body, 20-Cutter head, 30-Cooling cavity, 40-Heat pipe component, 41-Evaporation heat absorption pipe section, 42-Condensation heat dissipation pipe section, 43-Heat dissipation fins, 50-Fastener. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To better understand the present invention, the following embodiments further illustrate its content. Throughout the accompanying drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The structure and technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, providing one embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] To address the technical problems encountered when machining turbine disk tenons using broaching, such as difficulty in getting coolant into the narrow gap between the cutter head and the workpiece due to spraying coolant onto the cutting tool body at the cutting edge, resulting in poor heat dissipation, overheating and annealing at the cutting edge, burns, reduced broach life, and excessive use of cutting fluid, this invention proposes a tenon broach structure with heat pipe cooling suitable for dry broaching without coolant.

[0045] like Figures 1-7 As shown, the tenon broach structure of the present invention, applicable to dry broaching heat pipe cooling without coolant, includes at least a broach body 10, at least one cooling cavity 30 disposed on the broach body 10, and a plurality of broach heads 20. The broach body 10 is an elongated solid columnar structure extending along its length. At least two of the columnar structure's multiple sides are oppositely arranged and parallel to each other, with one side forming the top surface of the broach body 10 and the other side forming the bottom surface. At least one broach head mounting groove extending along its length is provided on the top surface of the broach body 10, and the plurality of broach heads 20 are fixedly disposed in the broach head mounting groove by their bases and fasteners. The cooling cavity 30 is a long, narrow U-shaped groove structure with openings at both ends and the top. The top of the U-shaped groove structure is adapted to the bottom surface of the blade body 10 in shape and size, and is fixed to the bottom surface of the blade body 10 by a flange structure and fasteners. Cooling gas is introduced into the cooling cavity 30 at one end to form a cold air inlet, and cooling gas is discharged at the other end to form a cold air outlet. Furthermore, a number of heat pipe components 40 extending perpendicular to the bottom surface are discretely distributed and fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the blade body 10 along its length. Each tube component 40 is a tubular structure with a heat pipe core on its inner wall, a negative pressure inside the cavity, and a liquid phase change medium. Each tubular structure includes at least one evaporation heat absorption tube section 41 and one condensation heat dissipation tube section 42 along its length. Each evaporation heat absorption tube section 41 extends into the solid body of the blade body 10 and extends upward to a position close to the top surface of the blade body 10 and at a distance from the bottom surface of the mounting groove of the blade head 20. Each condensation heat dissipation tube section 42 extends into the cooling cavity 30 and extends downward to a position close to the bottom wall of the cooling cavity 30.

[0046] More specifically, the cross-sectional structure of the heat pipe broach of the present invention is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the tool consists of a tool body 10, a cutting head 20, a cooling cavity 30, and screw-like fasteners 50. The tool body 10 has an internal tubular structure, which is filled with a phase change medium under negative pressure to form a heat pipe component 40. The cutting head 20 is fixed to the tool body 10 with screws, and the cooling cavity 30 is also fixed to the tool body 10 with screw-like fasteners 50. During use, cold air is introduced into the cooling cavity 30. Thus, the liquid phase change medium inside the heat pipe component 40 evaporates and carries away heat under the heat generated during cutting, while the gaseous phase change medium condenses and releases heat under the action of cooling gas in the condensation section. The heat flow is: cutting head - tool body - steam - air. This improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the tool and enables dry broaching without cutting fluid.

[0047] The heat pipe-cooled tenon broach structure of the present invention, applicable to dry broaching without coolant, utilizes a plurality of heat pipe components 40 extending perpendicularly to the bottom surface of the broach body 10 during operation. Each heat pipe component 40 is internally pressurized and filled with a phase change medium. Along its length, each heat pipe component 40 includes an evaporation heat absorption section 41 and a condensation heat dissipation section 42. The evaporation heat absorption section 41 extends into the broach body 10 and approaches the broach head mounting groove, while the condensation heat dissipation section 42 extends into the cooling cavity 30 and approaches the bottom wall of the cooling cavity. During broaching, the heat generated by the broach head 20 is transferred to the evaporation heat absorption section 41, causing the liquid phase change medium inside the heat pipe component 40 to evaporate into a gaseous state. The gaseous phase change medium flows along the heat pipe to the condensation heat dissipation section 42, where it condenses into a liquid state upon encountering the introduced cooling gas, releasing heat. This forms a cyclical heat transfer process, effectively removing the heat generated by the broach head, reducing the broach head temperature, and improving tool life and machining quality.

[0048] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cutting head can be designed as a single piece, that is, multiple cutting heads are formed into a whole. The bottom of each cutting head 20 is integrally formed on a strip-shaped base extending along its length. The strip-shaped base is adapted to the shape and size of the cutting head mounting groove and is detachably fixed in the cutting head mounting groove by fasteners, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the integrated cutter head structure and mechanical connection not only simplify the cutter structure and improve its rigidity, but also enhance the cutter's maintainability, replaceability, and positioning accuracy, resulting in excellent performance and technical advantages.

[0049] The cutter head can also be composed of multiple cutting teeth assembled with screws. Multiple cutter heads are of a modular, modular structure. Each cutter head 20 has a corresponding base at its bottom. Each base is adapted to the shape and size of the cutter head mounting slot, at least in its width direction. Each cutter head is detachably fixed in the cutter head mounting slot via its base and fasteners. Figure 4 As shown, the tool adopts a split-type modular tool head structure. By selecting different tool heads and their combinations, different tool configurations can be achieved, expanding the functionality and application range of the tools. It also offers advantages such as ease of maintenance, improved versatility, simplified manufacturing, and suitability for automated assembly.

[0050] The material, quantity, tooth shape, and tooth rise of the broach 20 are determined based on the material, three-dimensional contour, and machining requirements of the turbine disk tenon groove profile being broached. This ensures the quality of the turbine disk tenon groove broaching process while fully guaranteeing the strength and surface quality of the broach. In turbine disk tenon groove broaching, the tooth rise of the broach directly affects machining efficiency and quality. It should be determined by comprehensively considering factors such as machining accuracy, tool hardness, chip removal capability, machining force load, and cutting conditions. This avoids problems such as chatter or tooth wear caused by excessively small or large tooth rise, resulting in too many teeth or excessive cutting force.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchange requirements are determined based on the heat generated during drawing, and the cross-sectional dimensions, liquid filling volume, and arrangement spacing of the heat pipe components 40 are designed. The heat pipe components 40 are arranged in an array on the bottom surface of the cutter body 10 in a staggered manner, and their condensation and heat dissipation pipe sections 42 extending into the cooling cavity 30 are arranged to form a turbulence column array, such as... Figure 5 As shown, heat exchange fins 43 are designed on the surface of the heat pipe condensing section 42 to increase the heat exchange efficiency between the heat pipe condensing section 42 and the cooling gas in the cooling cavity 30, thereby increasing the heat exchange capacity.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the blade body 20 and the heat pipe component 40 are combined in two ways. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the bottom surface of the blade body is machined with several heat pipe mounting holes that are adapted to the shape and size of each heat pipe component and correspond one-to-one. Each heat pipe mounting hole extends upwards to a position close to the top surface of the blade body and maintaining a distance from the bottom surface of the blade head mounting groove. The evaporator heat absorber section of each heat pipe component is coated with thermally conductive silicone grease on its outer wall and then fixedly inserted into its corresponding heat pipe mounting hole by interference fit or threaded connection (currently available traditional broaches can also be converted into heat pipe broaches in this way). By setting mounting holes on the blade body that match the heat pipe and using a simple and reliable connection method to achieve the insertion and fixation of the heat pipe, not only is stable heat conduction between the heat pipe and the blade body guaranteed, but it also has the technical advantages of good heat dissipation, easy maintenance, and reduced thermal stress concentration.

[0053] like Figure 7 As shown, the heat pipe component 40 and the cutter body 20 can also be machined into a single unit, using additive manufacturing to directly print the cutter body with the heat pipe. Specifically, each heat pipe component 40 is integrally formed on the bottom surface of the cutter body 20 using additive manufacturing. Its evaporation heat absorption pipe section 41 is a heat pipe hole formed in the bottom surface of the cutter body 20 and extending upwards. Each heat pipe hole extends upwards to a position close to the top surface of the cutter body 10 and maintaining a distance from the bottom surface of the cutter head mounting groove. Its condensation heat dissipation pipe section 42 is formed on the bottom surface of the cutter body 10 and extends downwards to a position close to the bottom wall of the cooling cavity 30. By directly forming a complete heat pipe structure on the cutter body through integral molding, not only is a simple structure, good heat dissipation, and high tool strength achieved, but it also has technical advantages such as high machining accuracy and adaptability to automated production.

[0054] The objectives of this invention have been fully and effectively achieved through the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that this invention includes, but is not limited to, the contents described in the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments described above. Although the invention has been described with reference to what is currently considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, and any modifications that do not depart from the functional and structural principles of the invention will be included within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A tenon broach structure suitable for dry broaching with heat pipe cooling without coolant, comprising at least one broach body and at least one cooling cavity and multiple broach heads disposed on the broach body, characterized in that, The blade is a slender, solid, columnar structure extending along its length. At least two of the multiple sides of the columnar structure are arranged opposite to each other and are distributed in parallel. One side is formed as the top surface of the blade, and the other side is formed as the bottom surface of the blade. The top surface of the blade body is provided with at least one blade mounting groove extending along its length direction, and the plurality of blades are fixedly mounted in the blade mounting groove by their bases and fasteners; The cooling cavity is an overall elongated U-shaped groove structure with openings at both ends and the top. The top of the U-shaped groove structure is adapted to the bottom surface of the blade body in shape and size and is fixed to the bottom surface of the blade body by a flange structure and fasteners. Cooling gas is introduced into one end of the cooling cavity to form a cold air inlet, and cooling gas is discharged from the other end to form a cold air outlet. and, The blade body has several heat pipe components that are discretely distributed and fixedly installed along its length direction on its bottom surface. Each heat pipe component is a tubular structure with a heat pipe core on its inner wall, a negative pressure inside the cavity, and a liquid phase change medium. Each tubular structure includes at least one evaporation heat absorption tube section and one condensation heat dissipation tube section along its length direction. Each evaporation heat absorption tube section extends into the solid body of the blade body and extends upward to a position close to the top surface of the blade body and maintaining a distance from the bottom surface of the blade head mounting groove. Each condensation heat dissipation tube section extends into the cooling cavity and extends downward to a position close to the bottom wall of the cooling cavity.

2. The tenon and slot broach structure for dry broaching heat pipe cooling without coolant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of cutter heads are an integral cutter head structure. The bottom of each cutter head is integrally formed on a strip-shaped base extending along the length direction. The strip-shaped base is adapted to the shape and size of the cutter head mounting groove and is detachably fixed in the cutter head mounting groove by fasteners.

3. The tenon and slot broach structure for dry broaching heat pipe cooling without coolant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of cutter heads are a split-type combined cutter head structure. Each cutter head has a corresponding block-shaped base at its bottom. Each block-shaped base is adapted to the shape and size of the cutter head mounting groove at least in its width direction. Each cutter head is detachably fixed in the cutter head mounting groove by its bottom block-shaped base and fasteners.

4. The tenon and slot broach structure for dry broaching heat pipe cooling without coolant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The material, quantity, tooth shape, and tooth rise of the cutter head are determined according to the material, three-dimensional contour, and processing requirements of the turbine disk tenon groove surface being broached, so as to meet the quality requirements of turbine disk tenon groove broaching while fully ensuring the strength and surface quality of the cutter head.

5. The tenon and slot broach structure for dry broaching heat pipe cooling without coolant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The heat pipe components are arranged in an array on the bottom surface of the blade body in a staggered manner, and the condensation and heat dissipation pipe sections extending into the cooling cavity are arranged to form a turbulence column array to increase the heat exchange efficiency between the heat pipe condensation section and the cooling gas.

6. The tenon and slot broach structure for dry broaching heat pipe cooling without coolant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned condensation and heat dissipation pipe sections is provided with heat dissipation fins on its outer wall to increase its contact area with the cooling gas in the cooling cavity and improve heat dissipation efficiency.

7. The tenon and slot broach structure for dry broaching heat pipe cooling without coolant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom surface of the blade body is machined with a number of heat pipe mounting holes that are adapted to the shape and size of each heat pipe component and correspond one-to-one. Each heat pipe mounting hole extends upward to a position close to the top surface of the blade body and at a distance from the bottom surface of the blade mounting groove. The evaporation heat absorption tube section of each heat pipe component is coated with thermally conductive silicone grease on its outer wall and then fixedly inserted into the corresponding heat pipe mounting hole by means of interference fit or threaded connection.

8. The tenon and slot broach structure for dry broaching heat pipe cooling without coolant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Each heat pipe component is integrally formed on the bottom surface of the blade body by additive manufacturing. Its evaporation heat absorption pipe section is a heat pipe hole formed in the bottom surface of the blade body and extending upward. Each heat pipe hole extends upward to a position close to the top surface of the blade body and at a distance from the bottom surface of the blade head mounting groove. Its condensation heat dissipation pipe section is formed on the bottom surface of the blade body and extends downward to a position close to the bottom wall of the cooling cavity.

9. The tenon and slot broach structure for dry broaching heat pipe cooling without coolant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The parameters of the heat pipe component, including at least the cross-sectional dimensions, the amount of liquid filling, and the spacing between them, are set according to the heat generated during the broaching process of the turbine disk tenon groove.

10. The tenon and slot broach structure for dry broaching heat pipe cooling without coolant as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The liquid phase change medium in the inner cavity of the heat pipe component is filled by generating negative pressure through vacuuming and then heating to remove gas.

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