Impulse cycle generating impeller type rate of penetration tool

Abstract

This invention is an impeller-type drilling speed-up tool that generates pulse circulation. The tool mainly consists of an upper tubing string, a tapered tube, a new type of valve orifice, a new type of valve port sleeve, a new type of valve orifice, a new type of valve, a housing, a valve spring, a new type of valve body, a drive spindle, a sleeve, a sleeve housing, a cylindrical cam, an O-ring, an impeller, a lower tubing string, and an end cap. Its structural features include: the upper tubing string, outer shell, and lower tubing string are sequentially threaded together; the upper tubing string, new valve port sleeve, and new valve body are sequentially threaded together; the new valve and the new valve body are connected by a valve spring; the lower end of the new valve forms a closed space, allowing the sleeve to move up and down; the fluid flow rate at the new valve port is controlled by the new valve, and the up and down movement of the new valve is controlled by the up and down movement of the sleeve, thereby causing a change in the flow rate of the fluid through the new valve port, forming a periodic pulse oscillation in the drill string; the sleeve is controlled by the rotation of a mating cylindrical cam, and the impeller speed is controlled by the flow rate of the fluid through the impeller; the impeller rotation drives the transmission mandrel to rotate, and the transmission mandrel drives the cylindrical cam to rotate; this invention can reduce drilling resistance, thereby overcoming the difficulty of drilling coiled tubing, improving tubing string operation efficiency; the pulse generated by the pulse generator will generate an instantaneous axial load on the drill string below the tool, thereby reducing friction and increasing the extension displacement within the wellbore.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an impeller-type drilling speed-up tool that generates pulse circulation, belonging to the technical field of drilling tools for oil and gas extraction. Technical Background

[0002] With the ever-increasing demand for oil resources and the continuous maturation and improvement of oil extraction technology, oil extraction has gradually shifted from shallow and intermediate formations to deep formations. As formation depth increases, new challenges arise during extraction; deep formation oil extraction faces harsher environments, greater difficulties, and higher costs. Therefore, designing drilling tools that are more cost-effective, efficient, and capable of reaching deeper wells has become an urgent need. In the later stages of long-distance horizontal well development, significant friction occurs between the pipeline and the wellbore, leading to low drilling efficiency and even pressure build-up and self-locking phenomena. This severely limits the rapid drilling of distant targets, restricts the development of long horizontal wells, and significantly increases drilling costs. Therefore, friction and drag reduction play a crucial role in the later stages of oil well development. Hydraulic oscillators, as important tools for friction and drag reduction, are widely used in the development of large oil and gas fields.

[0003] Compared to foreign hydraulic oscillators, domestic hydraulic oscillators are not yet as mature in terms of technology. This is because research on hydraulic oscillators in China started later than abroad. However, China has made some progress in hydraulic oscillator research, developing and producing various high-efficiency hydraulic oscillators. Nevertheless, domestic and foreign hydraulic oscillators still have many shortcomings. For example, in diversion and horizontal sections with well inclination angles greater than 60°, permeability decreases significantly, and pressure drag remains severe; corrosion resistance and wear resistance are poor, resulting in short service life; the application range of oscillation tools is limited, making it difficult to integrate into existing drilling tools, which is detrimental to mining; the generated vibration frequency affects LWD signal transmission; vibration impact can loosen other drill string connection components, easily leading to drilling accidents; and practicality is poor, with usage conditions limited by formation conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems of high drilling friction, resulting in pressure buildup, sticking, low rock-carrying capacity of drilling fluid, and unsatisfactory vibration effect in unconventional wells such as long horizontal wells, high-angle horizontal wells, and multi-branch horizontal wells. This invention provides an impeller-type drilling speed-up tool that generates pulse circulation.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve this problem is: an impeller-type drilling speed-up tool that generates pulse circulation, comprising an upper tubing string, a tapered tube, a novel valve orifice, a novel valve port sleeve, a novel valve, a housing, a valve spring, a novel valve body, a transmission spindle, a sleeve, a sleeve housing, a cylindrical cam, an O-ring seal, an impeller, a lower tubing string, and an end cap. Its technical features are: the upper tubing string and the housing are connected by threads; the upper tubing string and the novel valve port sleeve are connected by threads; the novel valve port sleeve and the novel valve body are connected by threads; the novel valve body and the sleeve housing are connected by threads; the housing and the lower tubing string are connected by threads; the upper tubing string is installed above the tapered tube, forming a fluid inlet channel together with the tapered tube; the tapered tube is installed on... The upper tubing and the novel valve sleeve serve to increase fluid flow. The convergence angle and transition radius of the converging tube are the main factors affecting its flow rate. In this invention, the inlet diameter of the converging tube is 100mm, the outlet diameter is 40mm, the convergence angle is 20°, and the transition radius is 200mm. This reduces local flow loss in the converging tube and improves its flow efficiency. The novel valve sleeve is located between the novel valve housing and the upper tubing, with a gap between them to allow fluid to flow through the tool and drive the impeller. The novel valve is installed inside the novel valve housing and connected to it via a valve spring. When the cylindrical cam drives the novel valve to close the valve orifice, the valve rises with the sleeve. To reduce the fluid flow through the new valve orifice, the diameter of the new valve orifice is smaller than the diameter of the new valve. Therefore, when the new valve orifice is pressed against the new valve orifice, the new valve cannot move upward, the new valve orifice is completely closed, and the fluid stops flowing. After the new valve closes, the tension of the valve spring deformation and the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of the new valve orifice cause the new valve to return to its initial position. Subsequently, the new valve orifice opens, and the fluid can flow through the tool through the new valve orifice. The operating frequency of the new valve is 15Hz to 25Hz, which plays a certain role in the generation of tool pulses. The valve spring is located between the new valve and the new valve housing, used to connect the new valve and the new valve housing, and the valve spring is in a balanced state. The sleeve housing is located between the sleeve and the new valve housing, and has the function of axial and center positioning of the sleeve. Installed between the sleeve housing and the drive spindle, it provides axial and central positioning for the drive spindle. The sleeve has grooves, the curve of which directly determines the movement stroke of the sleeve and indirectly determines the movement stroke of the new valve. The groove curve on the sleeve allows the new valve to enter the new valve orifice and completely seal the fluid. The drive spindle is located inside the sleeve and is fixed in the axial and central position by the sleeve. The cylindrical cam is located on the drive spindle and inside the sleeve. The cylindrical cam has a protrusion that matches the groove on the sleeve. The cylindrical cam rotates with the rotation of the drive spindle. The rotation of the cylindrical cam causes the protrusion on the cylindrical cam to rotate relative to the groove on the sleeve, driving the sleeve to move up and down. The O-ring is installed in the annular groove at the lower end of the sleeve housing to seal the sleeve housing.The impeller is located on the drive shaft. Fluid flows through the impeller, causing it to rotate and converting its kinetic energy into mechanical energy. The drive shaft rotates along with the impeller, transmitting this rotational motion to the cylindrical cam. The cylindrical cam's groove engages with the protrusion of the sleeve, converting the cam's rotational motion into the sleeve's linear motion. The lower tubing forms the fluid outlet channel. The end cap is threaded to the lower tubing for axial fixation. The upper tubing and the tapered tube together form the fluid inlet channel. An upper fluid channel is formed between the new valve, the new valve port sleeve, and the new valve body. The sleeve body, drive shaft, and other components... A lower fluid channel is formed between the moving mandrel and the outer casing; the fluid outlet channel consists of a lower pipe; the fluid flows in from the fluid inlet channel, then through a novel valve orifice, and then into the upper fluid channel, subsequently flowing into the lower fluid channel and passing through the impeller. The fluid drives the impeller to rotate, the impeller rotation drives the drive mandrel to rotate, the drive mandrel drives the cylindrical cam to rotate, and the rotation of the cylindrical cam causes its protruding part to rotate relative to the grooved part of the sleeve, driving the sleeve to move up and down. The up and down movement of the sleeve drives the up and down movement of the novel valve, which opens or closes the novel valve orifice, thereby changing the fluid flow rate and forming periodic pulse oscillations in the drill string.

[0006] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this invention are: (1) The main structure of the impeller-type drilling speed-up tool driven by the cylindrical cam is the valve structure. It uses pure metal parts and, compared with the screw drive, does not have high-temperature sensitive elements in the rubber bushing, and has high temperature resistance and wear resistance; (2) The impeller drive device has the advantages of reliable operation, high temperature resistance, and low pressure. It does not have radial vibration caused by eccentricity and has little impact on sensitive elements. Therefore, it can cause high-frequency axial vibration at low flow rates, effectively reducing friction between the well wall and the drill string during drilling, and improving drilling efficiency and drill string service life; (3) The new valve structure is adopted, and the pulse frequency and amplitude change with the flow rate or total fluid pressure. No on-site adjustment is required. It can generate clear, repeatable, recordable and regenerable pulses. Due to the unique design of the new valve, the power used to generate fluid pulse signals is low. The valve has the advantages of simple structure, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, safety and reliability, low pressure drop, high pulse frequency and large pulse amplitude. (4) The impeller drilling tool with the new valve structure has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient operation, safety and reliability, strong adaptability and little impact on the drilling tool structure. It is of great significance to improve drilling speed, drilling efficiency and drilling tool service life. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0008] In the diagram: 1-Upper tubing, 2-Converging tube, 3-New valve port sleeve, 4-New valve orifice, 5-New valve, 6-Outer shell, 7-Valve spring, 8-New valve housing, 9-Drive spindle, 10-Sleeve, 11-Sleeve housing, 12-Cylindrical cam, 13-O-ring seal, 14-Impeller, 15-Lower tubing, 16-End cap

[0009] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of a local structure;

[0010] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the impeller of the present invention;

[0011] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional schematic diagram of the sleeve of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the cylindrical cam of the present invention. Detailed Implementation Plan

[0013] As shown in the attached drawings, the impeller-type drilling speed-up tool for generating pulse circulation mainly consists of an upper tubing string 1, a tapered tube 2, a novel valve port sleeve 3, a novel valve orifice 4, a novel valve 5, a housing 6, a valve spring 7, a novel valve body 8, a transmission spindle 9, a sleeve 10, a sleeve housing 11, a cylindrical cam 12, an O-ring seal 13, an impeller 14, a lower tubing string 15, and an end cap 16. Its technical features are: the upper tubing string 1 and the housing 6 are connected at both ends by threads; the upper tubing string 1 and the novel valve port sleeve 3 are connected by threads; the novel valve port sleeve 3 and the novel valve body 8 are connected by threads; the novel valve body 8 and the sleeve housing 11 are connected by threads; the housing 6 and the lower tubing string 15 are connected by threads; the tapered tube 2 is installed on... The upper tubing 1 and the novel valve sleeve 3 serve to reduce water resistance and increase fluid velocity. The convergence angle and transition radius of the converging tube 2 are the main factors affecting its flow rate. In this invention, the inlet diameter of the converging tube 2 is 100mm, the outlet diameter is 40mm, the convergence angle is 20°, and the transition radius is 200mm. This reduces local flow loss in the converging tube 2 and improves its flow efficiency. The novel valve sleeve 3 is located between the novel valve housing 8 and the upper tubing 1. A gap is left between the novel valve 5, the novel valve housing 8, and the novel valve sleeve 3 to allow fluid to flow through the tool and drive the impeller 14. The novel valve 5 is installed inside the novel valve housing 8 and connected to it via a valve spring 7. When the cam 12 drives the new valve 5 to close the new valve orifice 4, the new valve 5 rises along with the sleeve 10, thereby reducing the fluid flow through the new valve orifice 4. The diameter of the new valve orifice 4 is smaller than the diameter of the new valve 5. Therefore, when the new valve 5 abuts against the new valve orifice 4, the new valve orifice 4 is completely closed, and the fluid flow stops. After the new valve 5 closes, the tension of the deformed valve spring 7 and the fluid pressure above the new valve orifice 4 cause the new valve 5 to return to its initial position. Then, the new valve orifice 4 opens, and fluid can flow through the tool through the new valve orifice 4. The operating frequency of the new valve 5 is 15Hz to 25Hz, playing a role in generating tool pulses. The valve spring 7 is located between the new valve 5 and the new valve housing 8, used for connection. The new valve 5 and the new valve housing 8, along with the valve spring 7, are in a balanced state. The sleeve housing 11 is located between the sleeve 10 and the new valve housing 8, and serves to axially and centrally position the sleeve 10. The sleeve 10 is installed between the sleeve housing 11 and the drive spindle 9, and serves to axially and centrally position the drive spindle 9. The sleeve 10 has a groove, and the curve of the groove directly determines the stroke of the sleeve 10 and indirectly determines the stroke of the new valve 5. The groove curve on the sleeve 10 allows the new valve 5 to enter the new valve hole 4 and completely seal the fluid. The drive spindle 9 is located inside the sleeve 10 and is fixed in the axial and central positions by the sleeve 10. A gap is left between the new drive spindle 9 and the lower tube column 15 to allow fluid to flow through the tool and drive the impeller 14.A cylindrical cam 12 is located on the drive shaft 9 and inside the sleeve 10. The cylindrical cam 12 has a protrusion that matches a groove on the sleeve 10. The cylindrical cam 12 rotates with the drive shaft 9, causing its protrusion to rotate relative to the groove on the sleeve 10, thus moving the sleeve 10 up and down. An O-ring seal 13 is installed in the annular groove between the sleeve housing 11 and the drive shaft 9, providing a seal to the sleeve housing. An impeller 14 is located on the drive shaft 9. Fluid flows through the impeller 14, causing it to rotate and converting the fluid's kinetic energy into mechanical energy. The drive shaft 9 rotates with the impeller 14, transmitting this rotational motion to the cylindrical cam 12. The cylindrical cam 12, through its groove, engages with the protrusion on the sleeve 10, converting the rotational motion of the cylindrical cam 12 into the linear motion of the sleeve 10. The lower tubular column 15 is connected to the outer casing 6 via a thread. The lower tubular column 15 forms a fluid... The outlet channel; the end cap 16 is connected to the lower tubing 15 by threads for axial fixation of the lower tubing; the upper tubing 1 and the tapered tube 2 together form the fluid inlet channel; the new valve 5, the new valve port sleeve 3, and the new valve body 8 form the upper fluid channel; the drive spindle 9 and the lower tubing 15 form the lower fluid channel; the fluid outlet channel is composed of the lower tubing 15; the fluid flows in from the fluid inlet channel, then through the new valve port 4, and then enters the upper fluid channel to flow around the tool, and then enters the lower fluid channel to flow through the impeller 14. The fluid drives the impeller 14 to rotate, the impeller 14 rotates, the drive spindle 9 rotates, the drive spindle 9 drives the cylindrical cam 12 to rotate, the cylindrical cam 12 rotates so that its protruding part rotates relative to the groove part of the sleeve 10, driving the sleeve 10 to move up and down, the up and down movement of the sleeve 10 drives the up and down movement of the new valve 5, the new valve 5 opens or closes the new valve port 4, thereby changing the fluid flow rate and forming periodic pulse oscillations in the drill string.

[0014] The transmission spindle 9 can also have a groove on its inner surface, and a protrusion inside the sleeve that matches the groove can also achieve the same effect.

[0015] The impeller 14 is located on the transmission spindle 9. The fluid drives the impeller 14 to rotate, converting the kinetic energy of the fluid into the mechanical energy of the impeller 14. The rotational motion of the impeller 14 is transmitted to the cylindrical cam 12 through the transmission spindle 9.

[0016] The rotational speed of the cylindrical cam 12 directly affects the opening and closing frequency of the novel valve 5. The operating frequency range of the novel valve 5 can vary between 15Hz and 25Hz, thereby affecting the frequency of the pressure pulse.

[0017] The working process of the impeller-type drilling speed-up tool that generates pulse circulation according to the present invention is as follows:

[0018] When drilling fluid flows downwards into the impeller-type drilling acceleration tool that generates pulse circulation in the tubing string, the drilling fluid flows in from the upper tubing string 1, then into the converging tube 2, where it reduces water resistance and increases fluid velocity. The increased flow rate then passes through the new valve orifice 4 on the new valve sleeve 3. The drilling fluid then enters the upper fluid channel composed of the new valve sleeve 3, the new valve 5, and the new valve housing 8, and subsequently enters the lower fluid channel composed of the drive spindle 9 and the lower tubing string 15. It flows through the tool and drives the impeller 14 to rotate. The rotation of the impeller 14 drives the drive spindle 9 to rotate, which in turn drives the cylindrical cam 12 on it to rotate. The rotation of the cylindrical cam 12 causes its protruding portion to engage with the sleeve 10. The grooved portion rotates relative to each other, thereby driving the sleeve 10 to move upward. Then, the upward movement of the sleeve 10 drives the new valve 5 to move upward until the new valve 5 completely closes the new valve orifice 4. During the closing process, the flow rate of drilling fluid is changed and the valve spring 7 is stretched. The closing of the new valve orifice 4 will increase the pressure at its upper end. Under the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of the new valve orifice 4 and the tension of the valve spring 7, the new valve 5 returns to its initial position at the lower end, while allowing drilling fluid to pass through the new valve orifice 4. This process is repeated, which will generate a periodic pulse ripple in the drill string, converting static friction into dynamic friction, effectively reducing the friction between the drill string and the well wall during drilling, and improving drilling efficiency and drill string service life.

Claims

1. A paddlewheel drilling speed-up tool that generates pulse circulation, comprising an upper tubing string (1), a tapered tubing (2), a novel valve port sleeve (3), a novel valve orifice (4), a novel valve (5), a housing (6), a valve spring (7), a novel valve body (8), a drive spindle (9), a sleeve (10), a sleeve housing (11), a cylindrical cam (12), an O-ring seal (13), an impeller (14), a lower tubing string (15), and an end cap (16); its technical feature is that, The fluid is connected to the tool through the upper tubing (1), i.e., a top cross connection; the fluid leaves the tool through the lower tubing (15), i.e., a bottom cross connection; after flowing through the upper tubing (1), the fluid passes through the converging tube (2) and the new valve port sleeve (3), and then enters the fluid channel through the new valve hole (4), flows through the fluid channel through the various tools inside the housing (6), and then flows out from the lower tubing (15); the upper tubing (1) and the lower tubing (15) are connected to both ends of the housing (6) by threads; the upper tubing (1) and the new valve body (8) are respectively connected to both ends of the new valve port sleeve (3) by threads; the new valve body (8) and the sleeve housing (11) are connected by threads; the converging tube ( 2) Located between the upper tubular column (1) and the new valve port sleeve (3), used to increase fluid flow rate; the new valve port sleeve (3) has a new valve hole (4) at its upper end; the new valve body (8) is installed between the lower end of the new valve port sleeve (3) and the outer shell (6), and has a fluid passage on it; the new valve (5) is located inside the new valve body (8), connected to the new valve body (8) by a valve spring (7), and forms a closed space with the sleeve housing (11); the valve spring (7) is located between the new valve (5) and the new valve body (8), used to connect the new valve (5) and the new valve body (8); the sleeve housing (11) is located below the new valve body (8), sealed by an O-ring (13). The sleeve (10) is located between the sleeve housing (11) and the cylindrical cam (12), and its surface has a groove; the cylindrical cam (12) is located between the sleeve (10) and the drive spindle (9), and its surface has a protrusion that engages with the groove inside the sleeve (10). Through the engagement of the protrusion and the groove, the cylindrical cam (12) transmits the rotational motion to the sleeve (10); the drive spindle (9) is located inside the outer shell (6), the cylindrical cam (12) is located on the upper part of the drive spindle (9), and the impeller (14) is connected to its lower part and fixed in the center and axial position by the sleeve (10); the O-ring seal (13) is located between the drive spindle (9) and the sleeve housing (11) to prevent The fluid is prevented from entering the sleeve housing (11); the impeller (14) is set on the transmission spindle (9) and installed between the lower tube column (15); the lower tube column (15) and the outer shell (6) are connected by threads; the tapered tube (2) and the upper tube column (1) form a fluid inlet channel; the new valve port sleeve (3), the new valve (5) and the new valve housing (8) form a fluid upper channel for fluid to flow through the tool, and the transmission spindle (9) and the lower tube column (15) form a fluid lower channel for fluid to pass through the impeller (14); the lower tube column (15) forms a fluid outlet channel; the end cap (16) is connected to the lower tube column (15) by threads and is used to axially fix the lower tube column;The fluid first enters the fluid inlet channel formed by the upper tubing (1) and the tapered tube (2), passes through the new valve orifice (4), then through the upper fluid channel composed of the new valve sleeve (3), the new valve (5), and the new valve housing (8), and then through the lower fluid channel formed between the drive spindle (9) and the lower tubing (15). The fluid flows circumferentially along the tool in the upper and lower channels, and then flows to the impeller (14) to drive its rotation. Subsequently, the fluid flows out from the fluid outlet channel formed by the lower tubing (15). The drive spindle (9) is driven to rotate by the impeller (14), and the drive spindle (9) drives the cylindrical cam (12) to rotate, causing the sleeve (10) that cooperates with the cylindrical cam (12) to move up and down. The movement of the sleeve (10) causes the new valve (5) to move up and down, opening or closing the new valve orifice (4), thereby causing a change in the fluid flow rate and forming a periodic pulse oscillation in the drill string.

2. The impeller-type drilling speed-up tool for generating pulse circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impeller (14) is installed below the transmission spindle (9), and the rotation of the impeller (14) converts the kinetic energy of the fluid into the mechanical energy of the transmission spindle (9). The rotational motion of the impeller (14) is transferred to the cylindrical cam (12) through the transmission spindle (9).

3. The impeller-type drilling speed-up tool for generating pulse circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frequency at which the new valve (5) opens and closes the new valve orifice (4) is determined by the drilling speed of the cylindrical cam (12). The working frequency of the new valve (5) can reach 15HZ to 25HZ, thereby affecting the frequency of the pressure pulse.

4. The impeller-type drilling speed-up tool for generating pulse circulation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylindrical cam (12) rotates so that its protruding part cooperates with the groove in the sleeve, causing the sleeve (10) to move upward, so that the new valve (5) moves upward to close the new valve hole (4) and the valve spring (7) is stretched. Under the action of the pressure difference between the upper and lower parts of the new valve hole (4) and the deformation of the valve spring (7), the new valve (5) returns to the initial position.

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