An adjustable straw multi-stage crushing and scattering machine for returning straw to the field

Abstract

The present invention relates to an adjustable straw multi-stage crushing and scattering machine for returning to the field, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The transmission system assembly, the main crushing knife roller assembly, the crushing device slide rail assembly, the uniform scattering device assembly, and the walking device assembly are installed on the frame assembly, and the uniform scattering device assembly is installed on the rear side of the frame assembly to complete the uniform scattering of the crushed straw. The main crushing knife roller assembly and the three-stage saw disc knife assembly are respectively connected to the transmission system assembly by transmission, and the first-level fixed knife assembly, the second-level fixed knife assembly, and the third-level saw disc knife assembly are installed on the crushing device slide rail assembly in cooperation. By adjusting the crushing device slide rail assembly, the circumferential and radial relative positions of the main crushing knife roller assembly and the first-level fixed knife assembly, the second-level fixed knife assembly, and the third-level saw disc knife assembly can be adjusted. The present invention realizes three-level gradual fine crushing and anti-winding through the crushing device, improves the crushing qualification rate, and can be suitable for different straw amounts and different planting row spacings.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to an adjustable straw multi-stage crushing, scattering and returning machine to the field. Background Art

[0002] Straw crushing and returning to the field is a key technology to improve soil fertility and solve the problem of rational use of crop straw. It is one of the main contents of conservation tillage technology. Conservation tillage technology is being promoted and applied to different types of crops in more and more regions, which puts forward new demands for mechanized straw returning to the field. The surface distribution patterns of straw are different, and the physical properties are different, so the requirements for crushing and spreading devices are also different.

[0003] Currently, the commonly used straw crushing and returning machines have three types of crushing devices: a single set of crushing rollers, a set of crushing moving rollers + a set of crushing fixed blades, and two sets of crushing rollers. The crushing devices are fixed in size and often only work on one or a few types of crops. When the surface distribution pattern or straw type changes, problems such as low crushing qualification rate, low scattering and coverage uniformity, and easy entanglement and blockage of the knife rollers will occur.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an adjustable straw multi-stage crushing and scattering machine with strong versatility and good operation quality to reduce operation costs and improve operation efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the problems in the background technology that the currently commonly used straw crushing and returning machines often only work for one or a few types of crops, when the surface distribution pattern or straw type changes, there will be problems such as low crushing qualification rate, low scattering and coverage uniformity, and easy entanglement and blockage of the knife roller. The present invention provides an adjustable straw multi-stage crushing, scattering and returning machine, which has strong versatility, good operation quality, reduces operation costs, and improves operation efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides an adjustable straw multi-stage crushing, scattering and returning machine to the field, comprising a frame assembly 1, a crushing device slide rail assembly 2, a main crushing knife roller assembly 3, a first-level fixed knife assembly 4, a second-level fixed knife assembly 5, a third-level saw disc knife assembly 6, a transmission system assembly 7, a uniform scattering device assembly 8, and a walking device assembly 9.

[0008] The transmission system assembly 7, the main crushing knife roller assembly 3, the crushing device slide rail assembly 2, the uniform scattering device assembly 8, and the walking device assembly 9 are installed on the frame assembly 1. The uniform scattering device assembly 8 is installed on the rear side of the frame assembly 1 to complete the uniform scattering of the crushed straw. The main crushing knife roller assembly 3 and the three-stage saw disc assembly 6 are respectively connected to the transmission system assembly 7 in transmission. The first-stage fixed knife assembly 4, the second-stage fixed knife assembly 5, and the three-stage saw disc assembly 6 are installed on the crushing device slide rail assembly 2. By adjusting the crushing device slide rail assembly 2, the circumferential and radial relative positions of the main crushing knife roller assembly 3 and the first-stage fixed knife assembly 4, the second-stage fixed knife assembly 5, and the three-stage saw disc assembly 6 can be adjusted.

[0009] Preferably, the frame assembly 1 includes a side plate Ⅰ101, a side plate Ⅱ102, a crossbeam Ⅰ103, a crossbeam Ⅱ104, a suspension frame 105, a support frame 106, an upper cover shell 107, and a rear cover shell 108. The crossbeam Ⅰ103 and the crossbeam Ⅱ104 are arranged in parallel and the upper surfaces are coplanar. The side plate Ⅰ101 and the side plate Ⅱ102 are respectively fixed to the ends of the crossbeam Ⅰ103 and the crossbeam Ⅱ104, the upper cover shell 107 and the rear cover shell 108 are fixed to the middle of the two side plates, and the suspension frame 105 is fixed to On the crossbeam Ⅰ103 and the upper cover shell 107, four support frames 106 are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the side plates Ⅰ101 and Ⅱ102; a transmission shaft hole 109 is arranged on the side plate Ⅰ101, and corresponding U-shaped grooves 110 are arranged on the side plates Ⅰ101 and Ⅱ102, and three square seat bearings are respectively installed on the outer sides of the transmission shaft hole 109 and the U-shaped groove 110; the side plates Ⅰ101 and Ⅱ102 are correspondingly provided with slide rail grooves Ⅰ111 and slide rail fastening holes Ⅰ112.

[0010] Preferably, the pulverizing device slide rail assembly 2 includes an arc guide rail I 201, an arc guide rail II 202, an arc guide rail III 203, an arc guide rail IV 204, an arc slider I 205, an arc slider II 206, an arc slider III 207, an arc slider IV 208, an arc slider V 209, an arc slider VI 210, a slider connecting frame I 211, a slider connecting frame II 212, a slider connecting frame III 213, a slider connecting frame IV 214, a slider connecting frame V 215, and a slider connecting frame VI 216. The arc guide rail I 201 and the arc guide rail II 202 are matched and installed at the slide rail groove I 111 of the side plate I 101, the arc guide rail III 203 and the arc guide rail IV 204 are matched and installed at the slide rail groove I 111 of the side plate II 102, and the arc slider I 205 and the arc slider II 206 are installed at On the arc guide rail I201, the arc slider III207 is installed on the arc guide rail II202, the arc slider IV208 and the arc slider V209 are installed on the arc guide rail III203, and the arc slider VI210 is installed on the arc guide rail IV204. The slider connecting frame I211, the slider connecting frame II212, the slider connecting frame III213, the slider connecting frame IV214, the slider connecting frame V215, and the slider connecting frame VI216 are respectively connected to the arc slider I205, the arc slider II206, the arc slider III207, the arc slider IV208, the arc slider V209, and the arc slider VI210 by bolts, and are fastened to the fastening hole position I112 of the two side plate slide rails by bolts; the two square seat bearings are fastened to the slider connecting frame III213 and the slider connecting frame VI216 by bolts.

[0011] Preferably, the main crushing knife roller assembly 3 includes a transmission shaft II 301, a transmission shaft III 302, a hollow shaft 303, a sleeve 304, a tensioning sleeve 305, a knife seat 306, and a crushing movable knife assembly 307. The transmission shaft II 301 and the transmission shaft III 302 are fastened to the two ends of the hollow shaft 303 through the sleeve 304 and the tensioning sleeve 305 respectively. The main crushing knife roller assembly 3 is installed in two square seat bearings on the frame assembly 1 through the transmission shaft II 301 and the transmission shaft III 302. The knife seats 306 are evenly arranged on the hollow shaft 303 according to a double helix line, and the crushing movable knife assembly 307 is installed on the knife seat 306.

[0012] Preferably, the first-level fixed knife assembly 4 includes a front cover shell 401, a first-level fixed knife assembly connecting ear 402, and a first-level horizontal fixed knife 403. The first-level horizontal fixed knife 403 is fastened to the front cover shell 401 by bolts. The first-level fixed knife assembly connecting ear 402 is fixedly connected to both ends of the front cover shell 401. The first-level fixed knife assembly 4 is connected to the slider connecting frame Ⅰ211 and the slider connecting frame Ⅳ214 respectively through the first-level fixed knife assembly connecting ears 402 at both ends. Fixed knife grooves 404 are evenly distributed on the front cover shell 401, and the spacing between the fixed knife grooves 404 is half of the spacing between the knife seats 306.

[0013] Preferably, the two ends of the secondary fixed knife assembly 5 are fastened to the slider connecting frame II212 and the slider connecting frame V215 by bolts respectively, and the secondary fixed knife assembly 5 includes a fixed knife component I501 and a fixed knife component II502, and the fixed knife component I501 is fastened to the fixed knife component II502 by bolts, and the fixed knife frame I5011 of the fixed knife component I501 and the fixed knife frame II5021 of the fixed knife component II502 are evenly arranged with crushing fixed knives 5012. After the fixed knife component I501 and the fixed knife component II502 are connected, the crushing fixed knives 5012 on the fixed knife frame I5011 and the crushing fixed knives 5012 on the fixed knife frame II5021 are evenly arranged at intervals, and are in the fixed knife groove 404 in a one-to-one correspondence with the fixed knife groove 404 on the front cover shell 401. The increase or decrease in the number of fixed knives can be achieved by disassembling and assembling the fixed knife component II502.

[0014] Preferably, the three-stage saw disc blade assembly 6 includes a saw disc blade shaft 601, a serrated circular blade 602, and a clamp 603. The two ends of the saw disc blade shaft 601 are rotatably connected to the square seat bearings on the slider connecting frame III213 and the slider connecting frame VI216, and one end is transmission-connected to the transmission system assembly 7. The serrated circular blade 602 and the clamp 603 are installed on the saw disc blade shaft 601 at intervals. The serrated circular blade 602 and the clamp 603 have the same axial dimensions, and the size is half of the spacing between the blade seats 306. By replacing the clamp 603 and the serrated circular blade 602, the number of serrated circular blades 602 and the position adjustment can be achieved.

[0015] Preferably, the transmission system assembly 7 includes a gear box 701, a coupling 702, a transmission shaft I703, a belt drive assembly I704, a belt drive assembly II705, and a belt pressure roller assembly 706. The gear box 701 is installed on the beam I103 and the beam II104. The output shaft of the gear box 701 is connected to the transmission shaft I703 through the coupling 702. The transmission shaft I703 passes through the transmission shaft hole 109 and is installed in the square seat bearing. The pulley I7041 of the belt drive assembly I704 is installed Installed on the transmission shaft I703, the pulley II7042 is installed on the transmission shaft II301, the pulley III7051 of the belt transmission assembly II705 is installed on the transmission shaft III302, the pulley IV7052 is installed on one end of the saw disc blade shaft 601, the pressure roller assembly 706 includes a pressure roller 7061 and a pressure roller fixing frame 7062, the pressure roller fixing frame 7062 is fixedly connected to the side plate II102, the pressure roller 7061 is installed on the pressure roller fixing frame 7062 and presses the inner side of the belt transmission assembly II705.

[0016] Preferably, the uniform scattering device assembly 8 comprises a scattering base plate 801, a scattering device pin shaft 802, a rear pull rod assembly 803, and a crank rocker assembly 804. The scattering base plate 801 is provided with two sets of slide rail grooves II 8011 and rocker holes 8012. The crank rocker assembly 804 is installed on the slide rail grooves II 8011 and is hinged to the rocker holes 8012. The scattering base plate 801 is connected to the side plates I 101 and II 102 through the scattering device pin shaft 802. The lower ends of the two rear pull rod assemblies 803 are fixedly connected to the scattering base plate 801. The pull rod fixing ears on the two rear pull rod assemblies 803 are fixedly connected to the rear cover 108. The crank rocker assembly Component 804 includes an arc guide rail V 8041, an arc slider VII 8042, a slider connecting frame VII 8043, a guide blade 8044, and a rocker 8045. The arc guide rail V 8041 is fixedly connected to the slide rail groove II 8011. The arc slider VII 8042 is installed on the arc guide rail V 8041. The slider connecting frame VII 8043 is fixedly connected to the arc slider VII 8042. The slider connecting frame VII 8043 is provided with five pins. The five guide blades 8044 are hinged to the slider connecting frame VII 8043 through the pins. The rocker 8045 is connected to the guide blade 8044 through the slide groove, and the rocker 8045 is hinged to the rocker hole position 8012 respectively.

[0017] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0018] The present invention realizes three-level gradual fine crushing and anti-winding through a crushing device, thereby improving the crushing qualification rate; the circumferential, radial and axial spacings between the main knife roller and other knives are designed to be adjustable, which can be suitable for different types of crops and different surface distribution patterns of straws; the adjustable scattering device is designed to be suitable for different straw quantities and different planting row spacings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 is a side sectional view of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the frame assembly of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the slide rail assembly of the pulverizing device of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the main crushing knife roller assembly of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first-level fixed knife assembly of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the secondary fixed knife assembly of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fixed knife assembly I of the present invention;

[0027] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fixed knife assembly II of the present invention;

[0028] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the three-stage saw blade assembly of the present invention;

[0029] Fig.11 It is a structural schematic diagram of the transmission system assembly of the present invention;

[0030] Fig.12 It is a structural schematic diagram of the uniform spreading device assembly of the present invention;

[0031] Fig.13 It is a schematic structural diagram of the crank rocker assembly of the present invention;

[0032] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the slide rail assembly and the crushing components of the crushing device of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.15 It is a side plan view of the assembly structure of the pulverizing device slide rail assembly and the pulverizing components of the present invention.

[0034] In the figure, 1-frame assembly, 2-crushing device slide rail assembly, 3-main crushing knife roller assembly, 4-first-level fixed knife assembly, 5-second-level fixed knife assembly, 6-third-level saw blade assembly, 7-transmission system assembly, 8-uniform scattering device assembly, 9-travel device assembly, 101-including side plate I, 102-side plate II, 103-crossbeam I, 104-crossbeam II, 105-suspension frame, 106-support frame, 107-upper cover, 108-rear cover 109-drive shaft hole, 110-U-shaped groove 、111-slideway groove Ⅰ、112-slideway fastening hole position Ⅰ、201-circular arc guide rail Ⅰ、202-circular arc guide rail Ⅱ、203-circular arc guide rail Ⅲ、204-circular arc guide rail Ⅳ、205-circular arc slider Ⅰ、206-circular arc slider Ⅱ、207-circular arc slider Ⅲ、208-circular arc slider Ⅳ、209-circular arc slider Ⅴ、210-circular arc slider Ⅵ、211~216-slideway connecting frame Ⅰ~Ⅵ、301-transmission shaft Ⅱ、302-transmission shaft Ⅲ、303-hollow shaft、304-sleeve , 305-tension sleeve, 306-knife holder, 307-crushing moving knife assembly, 401-front cover, 402-first-level fixed knife assembly connecting ear, 403-first-level horizontal fixed knife, 501-fixed knife assembly Ⅰ, 502-fixed knife assembly Ⅱ, 5011-fixed knife holder, 5012-crushing fixed knife, 5021-fixed knife holder Ⅱ, 601-saw blade shaft, 602-serrated disc blade, 603-clamp, 701-gear box, 702-coupling, 703-drive shaft Ⅰ, 704-belt drive assembly Ⅰ, 705-belt drive assembly II, 706-pressure pulley assembly, 7041-pulley I, 7042-pulley II, 7051-pulley III, 7052-pulley IV, 7061-pressure pulley, 7062-pressure pulley fixing frame, 801-scattering bottom plate, 802-scattering device pin, 803-rear pull rod assembly, 804-crank rocker assembly, 8041-arc guide rail V, 8042-arc slider VII, 8043-slider connecting frame VII, 8044-guide blade, 8045-rocker. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention more clear, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings to facilitate understanding by technicians.

[0036] like Figure 1-2As shown, the adjustable straw multi-stage crushing and scattering machine includes a frame assembly 1, a crushing device slide rail assembly 2, a main crushing knife roller assembly 3, a first-level fixed knife assembly 4, a second-level fixed knife assembly 5, a third-level saw blade assembly 6, a transmission system assembly 7, a uniform scattering device assembly 8, and a walking device assembly 9. The transmission system assembly 7, the main crushing knife roller assembly 3, the crushing device slide rail assembly 2, the uniform scattering device assembly 8, and the walking device assembly 9 are installed on the frame assembly 1, and the uniform scattering device assembly 8 is installed on the rear side of the frame assembly 1 to complete the uniform spreading of the crushed straw. The main crushing knife roller assembly 3 and the three-stage saw disc knife assembly 6 are respectively connected to the transmission system assembly 7. The first-stage fixed knife assembly 4, the second-stage fixed knife assembly 5, and the three-stage saw disc knife assembly 6 are installed on the crushing device slide rail assembly 2. By adjusting the crushing device slide rail assembly 2, the circumferential and radial relative positions of the main crushing knife roller assembly 3 and the first-stage fixed knife assembly 4, the second-stage fixed knife assembly 5, and the three-stage saw disc knife assembly 6 can be adjusted.

[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, the frame assembly 1 includes a side plate Ⅰ101, a side plate Ⅱ102, a crossbeam Ⅰ103, a crossbeam Ⅱ104, a suspension frame 105, a support frame 106, an upper cover shell 107, and a rear cover shell 108. The crossbeam Ⅰ103 and the crossbeam Ⅱ104 are arranged in parallel and the upper surfaces are coplanar. The side plate Ⅰ101 and the side plate Ⅱ102 are respectively fixed to the ends of the crossbeam Ⅰ103 and the crossbeam Ⅱ104, the upper cover shell 107 and the rear cover shell 108 are fixed in the middle of the two side plates, and the suspension frame 105 is fixed to the crossbeam Ⅰ103 and the upper cover shell 107. The four support frames 106 and 107 are fixed to the crossbeam Ⅰ103 and the upper cover shell 107. The support frame 106 is fixedly connected to the outer sides of the side panels Ⅰ101 and Ⅱ102 as a support for the entire device. When the device needs to be moved, the device is moved by the walking device assembly 9; a transmission shaft hole 109 is provided on the side panel Ⅰ101, and corresponding U-shaped grooves 110 are provided on the side panels Ⅰ101 and Ⅱ102, and three square seat bearings are respectively installed on the outer sides of the transmission shaft hole 109 and the U-shaped groove 110; slide rail grooves Ⅰ111 and slide rail fastening holes Ⅰ112 are correspondingly provided on the side panels Ⅰ101 and Ⅱ102.

[0038] like Figure 4As shown, the pulverizing device slide rail assembly 2 includes an arc guide rail Ⅰ201, an arc guide rail Ⅱ202, an arc guide rail Ⅲ203, an arc guide rail Ⅳ204, an arc slider Ⅰ205, an arc slider Ⅱ206, an arc slider Ⅲ207, an arc slider Ⅳ208, an arc slider Ⅴ209, an arc slider Ⅵ210, a slider connecting frame Ⅰ211, a slider connecting frame Ⅱ212, a slider connecting frame Ⅲ213, a slider connecting frame Ⅳ214, a slider connecting frame Ⅴ215, and a slider connecting frame Ⅵ216. The arc guide rail Ⅰ201 and the arc guide rail Ⅱ202 are matched and installed at the slide rail groove Ⅰ111 of the side plate Ⅰ101, the arc guide rail Ⅲ203 and the arc guide rail Ⅳ204 are matched and installed at the slide rail groove Ⅰ111 of the side plate Ⅱ102, and the arc slider Ⅰ205 and the arc slider Ⅱ206 are installed on the arc guide rail Ⅰ201. On the arc guide rail I201, the arc slider III207 is installed on the arc guide rail II202, the arc slider IV208 and the arc slider V209 are installed on the arc guide rail III203, and the arc slider VI210 is installed on the arc guide rail IV204. The slider connecting frame I211, the slider connecting frame II212, the slider connecting frame III213, the slider connecting frame IV214, the slider connecting frame V215, and the slider connecting frame VI216 are respectively connected to the arc slider I205, the arc slider II206, the arc slider III207, the arc slider IV208, the arc slider V209, and the arc slider VI210 by bolts, and are fastened to the fastening hole position I112 of the two side plate slide rails by bolts; the two square seat bearings are fastened to the slider connecting frame III213 and the slider connecting frame VI216 by bolts.

[0039] like Figure 5 As shown, the main crushing knife roller assembly 3 includes a transmission shaft II 301, a transmission shaft III 302, a hollow shaft 303, a sleeve 304, a tensioning sleeve 305, a knife seat 306, and a crushing movable knife assembly 307. The transmission shaft II 301 and the transmission shaft III 302 are fastened to the two ends of the hollow shaft 303 through the sleeve 304 and the tensioning sleeve 305 respectively. The main crushing knife roller assembly 3 is installed in two square seat bearings on the frame assembly 1 through the transmission shaft II 301 and the transmission shaft III 302. The knife seats 306 are evenly arranged on the hollow shaft 303 according to a double helix line, and the crushing movable knife assembly 307 is installed on the knife seat 306.

[0040] like Figure 6 As shown, the first-level fixed knife assembly 4 includes a front cover shell 401, a first-level fixed knife assembly connecting ear 402, and a first-level horizontal fixed knife 403. The first-level horizontal fixed knife 403 is fastened to the front cover shell 401 by bolts. The first-level fixed knife assembly connecting ear 402 is fixedly connected to both ends of the front cover shell 401. The first-level fixed knife assembly 4 is connected to the slider connecting frame Ⅰ211 and the slider connecting frame Ⅳ214 respectively through the first-level fixed knife assembly connecting ears 402 at both ends. Fixed knife grooves 404 are evenly distributed on the front cover shell 401, and the spacing between the fixed knife grooves 404 is half of the spacing between the knife seats 306.

[0041] like Figure 7-9 As shown, the two ends of the secondary fixed knife assembly 5 are fastened to the slider connecting frame II212 and the slider connecting frame V215 by bolts respectively, and the secondary fixed knife assembly 5 includes a fixed knife component I501 and a fixed knife component II502. The fixed knife component I501 is fastened to the fixed knife component II502 by bolts, and crushing fixed knives 5012 are evenly arranged on the fixed knife frame I5011 of the fixed knife component I501 and the fixed knife frame II5021 of the fixed knife component II502. After the fixed knife component I501 and the fixed knife component II502 are connected, the crushing fixed knives 5012 on the fixed knife frame I5011 and the crushing fixed knives 5012 on the fixed knife frame II5021 are evenly arranged at intervals, and are in the fixed knife groove 404 in a one-to-one correspondence with the fixed knife groove 404 on the front cover shell 401. The number of fixed knives can be increased or decreased by disassembling and assembling the fixed knife component II502.

[0042] like Fig.10 As shown, the three-stage saw disc blade assembly 6 includes a saw disc blade shaft 601, a serrated circular blade 602, and a clamp 603. The two ends of the saw disc blade shaft 601 are rotatably connected to the square seat bearings on the slider connecting frame III 213 and the slider connecting frame VI 216, and one end thereof is transmission-connected to the transmission system assembly 7. The serrated circular blade 602 and the clamp 603 are installed on the saw disc blade shaft 601 at intervals. The serrated circular blade 602 and the clamp 603 have the same axial dimensions, and the size is half of the spacing between the blade seats 306. By replacing the clamp 603 and the serrated circular blade 602, the number of serrated circular blades 602 and the position adjustment can be achieved.

[0043] like Fig.11 As shown, the transmission system assembly 7 includes a gear box 701, a coupling 702, a transmission shaft I 703, a belt transmission assembly I 704, a belt transmission assembly II 705, and a belt pressure pulley assembly 706. The gear box 701 is installed on the beam I 103 and the beam II 104. The output shaft of the gear box 701 is connected to the transmission shaft I 703 through the coupling 702. The transmission shaft I 703 passes through the transmission shaft hole 109 and is installed in the belt square seat bearing. The pulley I 7041 of the belt transmission assembly I 704 is installed On the transmission shaft I703, the pulley II7042 is installed on the transmission shaft II301, the pulley III7051 of the belt transmission assembly II705 is installed on the transmission shaft III302, the pulley IV7052 is installed on one end of the saw disk blade shaft 601, the pressure roller assembly 706 includes a pressure roller 7061 and a pressure roller fixing frame 7062, the pressure roller fixing frame 7062 is fixedly connected to the side plate II102, the pressure roller 7061 is installed on the pressure roller fixing frame 7062 and presses the inner side of the belt transmission assembly II705.

[0044] like Figure 12-13As shown, the uniform scattering device assembly 8 includes a scattering base plate 801, a scattering device pin 802, a rear pull rod assembly 803, and a crank rocker assembly 804. The scattering base plate 801 is provided with two sets of slide rail grooves II 8011 and rocker holes 8012. The crank rocker assembly 804 is installed on the slide rail groove II 8011 and is hinged to the rocker hole 8012. The scattering base plate 801 is connected to the scattering device pin by the rear pull rod assembly 803. 802 is connected to the side plate I101 and the side plate II102, the lower ends of the two rear tie rod assemblies 803 are fixed to the scattering bottom plate 801, and the tie rod fixing ears on the two rear tie rod assemblies 803 are fixed to the rear cover 108; the crank rocker assembly 804 includes an arc guide rail V8041, an arc slider VII8042, a slider connecting frame VII8043, a guide blade 8044, a rocker 8045, an arc guide rail V8041 It is fixed on the slide rail groove II 8011, the arc slider VII 8042 is installed on the arc guide rail V 8041, the slider connecting frame VII 8043 is fixed on the arc slider VII 8042, the slider connecting frame VII 8043 is provided with five pins, five guide blades 8044 are hinged to the slider connecting frame VII 8043 through the pins, the rocker 8045 is connected to the guide blade 8044 through the slide groove, the rocker 8045 is hinged to the rocker hole 8012 respectively, and the even spreading of the crushed straw is completed through the guide blade 8044; the relative angle of the even spreading device assembly 8 and the ground can be adjusted by adjusting the effective length of the rear pull rod assembly 803; the relative position of the crank rocker assembly 804 and the frame can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the arc slider VII 8042 on the arc guide rail V 8041, so as to achieve row spreading.

[0045] Working process of the present invention:

[0046] like Figure 14-15As shown, the first-stage fixed knife assembly 4, the second-stage fixed knife assembly 5, and the third-stage saw blade assembly 6 are respectively fixedly connected to the pulverizing device slide rail assembly 2, and the circumferential relative position of the main pulverizing knife roller and the first-stage fixed knife assembly 4, the second-stage fixed knife assembly 5, and the third-stage saw blade assembly 6 can be adjusted by changing the relative position of each arc slider on the pulverizing device slide rail assembly 2 fixed on the arc guide rail; the radial relative position of the main pulverizing knife roller and the first-stage fixed knife assembly 4, the second-stage fixed knife assembly 5, and the third-stage saw blade assembly 6 can be adjusted by changing the fixing hole position of each slider connecting frame on the pulverizing device slide rail assembly 2 and the first-stage fixed knife assembly 4, the second-stage fixed knife assembly 5, and the third-stage saw blade assembly 6. By disassembling and assembling the fixed knife assembly II 502 and replacing the clamp 603 and the serrated disc knife 602, the axial relative position and number of the crushing moving knife of the main crushing knife roller assembly 3 and the secondary fixed knife assembly 5 and the tertiary saw disc knife assembly 6 can be adjusted; by adjusting the effective length of the rear pull rod assembly 803, the relative angle of the uniform spreading device assembly 8 and the ground can be adjusted; by adjusting the position of the arc slider VII 8042 on the arc guide rail V 8041, the relative position of the crank rocker assembly 804 and the frame can be adjusted to achieve row spreading. Through the above adjustment, crushing and uniform spreading of different planting row spacings and different crop straws can be completed.

[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made in form and details without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adjustable multi-stage straw crushing and scattering machine for returning to the field, characterized in that: The adjustable multi-stage straw pulverizing and scattering machine comprises a frame assembly (1), a pulverizing device slide rail assembly (2), a main pulverizing knife roller assembly (3), a first-stage fixed knife assembly (4), a second-stage fixed knife assembly (5), a third-stage saw blade assembly (6), a transmission system assembly (7), a uniform scattering device assembly (8), and a walking device assembly (9); The transmission system assembly (7), the main crushing blade roller assembly (3), the crushing device slide rail assembly (2), the uniform scattering device assembly (8), and the walking device assembly (9) are installed on the frame assembly (1). The uniform scattering device assembly (8) is installed on the rear side of the frame assembly (1) to complete the uniform scattering of crushed straw. The main crushing blade roller assembly (3) and the three-stage saw blade assembly (6) are respectively connected to the transmission system assembly (7) in transmission. The first-stage fixed blade assembly (4), the second-stage fixed blade assembly (5), and the third-stage saw blade assembly (6) are installed on the crushing device slide rail assembly (2). By adjusting the crushing device slide rail assembly (2), the relative positions of the main crushing blade roller assembly (3) and the first-stage fixed blade assembly (4), the second-stage fixed blade assembly (5), and the third-stage saw blade assembly (6) in the circumferential and radial directions can be adjusted. The frame assembly (1) comprises a side plate I (101), a side plate II (102), a crossbeam I (103), a crossbeam II (104), a suspension frame (105), a support frame (106), an upper cover shell (107), and a rear cover shell (108). The crossbeam I (103) and the crossbeam II (104) are arranged in parallel and their upper surfaces are coplanar. The side plate I (101) and the side plate II (102) are respectively fixed to the ends of the crossbeam I (103) and the crossbeam II (104). The upper cover shell (107) and the rear cover shell (108) are fixed to the middle of the two side plates. The suspension frame (105) is fixed to On the cross beam I (103) and the upper cover shell (107), four support frames (106) are fixedly connected to the outer sides of the side plate I (101) and the side plate II (102); a transmission shaft hole (109) is provided on the side plate I (101), and corresponding U-shaped grooves (110) are provided on the side plate I (101) and the side plate II (102); three square seat bearings are respectively installed on the outer sides of the transmission shaft hole (109) and the U-shaped groove (110); and a slide rail groove I (111) and a slide rail fastening hole I (112) are correspondingly provided on the side plate I (101) and the side plate II (102); The pulverizing device slide rail assembly (2) comprises an arc guide rail I (201), an arc guide rail II (202), an arc guide rail III (203), an arc guide rail IV (204), an arc slider I (205), an arc slider II (206), an arc slider III (207), an arc slider IV (208), an arc slider V (209), an arc slider VI (210), a slider connecting frame I (211), a slider connecting frame II (212), a slider connecting frame III (213), slider connecting frame IV (214), slider connecting frame V (215), slider connecting frame VI (216), arc guide rail I (201) and arc guide rail II (202) are matched and installed at the slide rail groove I (111) of the side plate I (101), arc guide rail III (203) and arc guide rail IV (204) are matched and installed at the slide rail groove I (111) of the side plate II (102), arc slider I (205) and arc slider II (206) are installed The arc slider III (207) is mounted on the arc guide rail I (201), the arc slider IV (208) and the arc slider V (209) are mounted on the arc guide rail III (203), the arc slider VI (210) is mounted on the arc guide rail IV (204), the slider connecting frame I (211), the slider connecting frame II (212), the slider connecting frame III (213), the slider connecting frame IV (214), and the slider connecting frame V (21 5) The slider connecting frame VI (216) is connected to the arc slider I (205), the arc slider II (206), the arc slider III (207), the arc slider IV (208), the arc slider V (209), and the arc slider VI (210) by bolts, and is fastened to the fastening hole position I (112) of the slide rail on both sides by bolts; the two square seat bearings are fastened to the slider connecting frame III (213) and the slider connecting frame VI (216) by bolts; The first-stage fixed knife assembly (4) comprises a front cover (401), and the front cover (401) is evenly distributed with fixed knife grooves (404). The two ends of the second-stage fixed knife assembly (5) are respectively fastened to the slider connecting frame II (212) and the slider connecting frame V (215) by bolts. The second-stage fixed knife assembly (5) comprises a fixed knife component I (501) and a fixed knife component II (502). The fixed knife component I (501) is fastened to the fixed knife component II (502) by bolts. The fixed knife frame I (5011) of the fixed knife component I (501) and the fixed knife frame V (5011) are connected to the fixed knife component II (502). The crushing fixed knives (5012) are evenly arranged on the fixed knife frame II (5021) of the knife assembly II (502). After the fixed knife assembly I (501) and the fixed knife assembly II (502) are connected, the crushing fixed knives (5012) on the fixed knife frame I (5011) and the crushing fixed knives (5012) on the fixed knife frame II (5021) are evenly arranged at intervals and correspond one-to-one with the fixed knife grooves (404) on the front cover (401) and are located in the fixed knife grooves (404). The number of fixed knives can be increased or decreased by disassembling and assembling the fixed knife assembly II (502).

2. The adjustable multi-stage straw crushing and scattering machine for returning to the field according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main pulverizing blade roller assembly (3) comprises a transmission shaft II (301), a transmission shaft III (302), a hollow shaft (303), a shaft sleeve (304), a tension sleeve (305), a blade seat (306), and a pulverizing blade assembly (307). The transmission shaft II (301) and the transmission shaft III (302) are respectively fastened to the two ends of the hollow shaft (303) through the shaft sleeve (304) and the tension sleeve (305). The main pulverizing blade roller assembly (3) is installed in two square seat bearings on the frame assembly (1) through the transmission shaft II (301) and the transmission shaft III (302). The blade seats (306) are evenly arranged on the hollow shaft (303) according to a double helix line, and the pulverizing blade assembly (307) is installed on the blade seat (306).

3. The adjustable multi-stage straw crushing and scattering machine for returning to the field according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first-stage fixed knife assembly (4) further comprises a first-stage fixed knife assembly connecting ear (402) and a first-stage horizontal fixed knife (403). The first-stage horizontal fixed knife (403) is fastened to the front cover (401) by bolts. The first-stage fixed knife assembly connecting ear (402) is fixedly connected to both ends of the front cover (401). The first-stage fixed knife assembly (4) is connected to the slider connecting frame I (211) and the slider connecting frame IV (214) respectively through the first-stage fixed knife assembly connecting ears (402) at both ends. The spacing of the fixed knife grooves (404) is half of the spacing of the knife seat (306).

4. An adjustable multi-stage straw crushing and scattering machine for returning to the field according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: The three-stage saw blade assembly (6) comprises a saw blade shaft (601), a serrated circular blade (602), and a clamp (603). The two ends of the saw blade shaft (601) are rotatably connected to the square seat bearings on the slider connecting frame III (213) and the slider connecting frame VI (216), respectively, and one end thereof is transmission-connected to the transmission system assembly (7). The serrated circular blade (602) and the clamp (603) are installed on the saw blade shaft (601) at intervals. The serrated circular blade (602) and the clamp (603) have the same axial dimensions, which are half the spacing of the blade seat (306). By replacing the clamp (603) and the serrated circular blade (602), the number of serrated circular blades (602) and the position adjustment can be achieved.

5. The adjustable multi-stage straw crushing and scattering machine for returning to the field according to claim 4, characterized in that: The transmission system assembly (7) comprises a gear box (701), a coupling (702), a transmission shaft I (703), a belt transmission assembly I (704), a belt transmission assembly II (705), and a belt pressure pulley assembly (706). The gear box (701) is mounted on a cross beam I (103) and a cross beam II (104). The output shaft of the gear box (701) is connected to the transmission shaft I (703) through the coupling (702). The transmission shaft I (703) passes through the transmission shaft hole (109) and is installed in a square seat bearing. The pulley I (7041) of the belt transmission assembly I (704) is installed On the transmission shaft I (703), the pulley II (7042) is installed on the transmission shaft II (301), the pulley III (7051) of the belt transmission assembly II (705) is installed on the transmission shaft III (302), the pulley IV (7052) is installed on one end of the saw blade shaft (601), the pressure roller assembly (706) includes a pressure roller (7061) and a pressure roller fixing frame (7062), the pressure roller fixing frame (7062) is fixedly connected to the side plate II (102), the pressure roller (7061) is installed on the pressure roller fixing frame (7062) and presses the inner side of the belt transmission assembly II (705).

6. An adjustable straw multi-stage crushing and scattering machine for returning to the field according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 5, characterized in that: The uniform spreading device assembly (8) comprises a spreading base plate (801), a spreading device pin shaft (802), a rear tie rod assembly (803), and a crank rocker assembly (804). The spreading base plate (801) is provided with two sets of slide rail grooves II (8011) and rocker holes (8012). The crank rocker assembly (804) is mounted on the slide rail grooves II (8011) and is hinged to the rocker holes (8012). The spreading base plate (801) is connected to the side plates I (101) and II (102) via the spreading device pin shaft (802). The lower ends of the two rear tie rod assemblies (803) are fixedly connected to the spreading base plate (801). The tie rod fixing ears on the two rear tie rod assemblies (803) are fixedly connected to the rear cover (108). The crank rocker assembly (804) is provided with two sets of slide rail grooves II (8011) and rocker holes (8012). 04) includes an arc guide rail V (8041), an arc slider VII (8042), a slider connecting frame VII (8043), a guide blade (8044), and a rocker (8045). The arc guide rail V (8041) is fixedly connected to the slide rail groove II (8011). The arc slider VII (8042) is installed on the arc guide rail V (8041). The slider connecting frame VII (8043) is fixedly connected to the arc slider VII (8042). The slider connecting frame VII (8043) is provided with five pins. The five guide blades (8044) are hinged to the slider connecting frame VII (8043) through the pins. The rocker (8045) is connected to the guide blade (8044) through the slide groove. The rocker (8045) is hinged to the rocker hole (8012) respectively.

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