Attractant for the natural enemy of fall armyworm, Cotesia fasciatus, and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses an attractant for the fall armyworm's natural enemy, the parasitic wasp *Papilionophora spp.*, its preparation method, and its application. The components and their proportions are: 1-penten-3-ol: caryophyllene: benzaldehyde: linalool: liquid paraffin: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone = 0.02-0.2: 0.02-0.2: 0.02-0.2: 0.02-2: 0.02-0.2: 0.02-0.2. This invention can attract female adult parasitic wasps, an important natural enemy of the fall armyworm larvae. This attractant is characterized by low cost, high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and safety for humans and animals. The attractant of the fall armyworm natural enemy, the larvae *Pterocarya stenoptera*, of this invention has broad prospects for industrialization. Due to its simple preparation method, it is particularly suitable for use in pollution-free crop production and has broad economic, social and ecological benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a natural enemy attractant capable of effectively controlling the number of fall armyworm larvae, and in particular to an attractant for the natural enemy of fall armyworm, Cotesia serrata, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is a major migratory pest worldwide. Its larvae can feed on more than 200 species of plants in 42 genera, including cereal crops. It was first discovered in Yunnan, my country in January 2019. Due to the wide range of suitable habitats, wide host range, strong migration, high reproductive capacity, strong pesticide resistance and gluttony, the fall armyworm is extremely harmful to agricultural production and difficult to control. Therefore, improving the pest control ability of the natural enemies of the fall armyworm is of great practical significance for achieving green control of the fall armyworm, reducing the use of chemical pesticides, and maintaining the ecological environment.

[0003] Volatiles play an important role in the three-level nutritional relationship between plants, herbivorous insects and natural enemies. After plants are attacked by herbivorous insects for feeding or oviposition, the volatiles released will change greatly, thus more effectively attracting insect natural enemies and achieving the purpose of self-defense. For example, after brown planthoppers infest rice, rice is more attractive to rice leaf wasps (Lou et al., 2005); after lima beans are infested by two-spotted spider mites, the volatiles released significantly enhance the search ability of predatory mites, effectively reducing the degree of damage to lima beans by two-spotted spider mites (Dicke et al., 2000). In recent years, by isolating and identifying plant volatiles induced by insect pests, researchers have discovered a number of active components that have a strong attraction to insect natural enemies, and verified their effects through field experiments. For example, slow-released methyl salicylate in vineyards can attract a variety of beneficial insects (James and Price, 2004); in rice fields, the application of linalool, methyl salicylate, and isorphane has a strong attraction to the predatory natural enemy of rice planthoppers, the black-shouldered green stink bug (Kuai Peng et al., 2022). It can be seen that the use of volatiles to regulate the behavior of natural enemies can greatly improve the natural pest control ability of farmland ecosystems. In addition, since volatiles are natural metabolites of plants, their application will effectively reduce the various negative effects caused by the current excessive use of chemical pesticides, and provide technical guarantees and strong support for the sustainable development of my country's agriculture.

[0004] As for the fall armyworm, there is no development and application of attractants to enhance the effect of its natural enemies. Therefore, the present invention is proposed to provide an effective method for improving the control of the fall armyworm. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an attractant for the natural enemy of the fall armyworm, the Cottonfly, and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0006] The objective of the present invention is achieved through the following technical scheme: an attractant for the natural enemy of fall armyworm, Cottonfly, comprising the following components in weight ratio: 1-pentene-3-ol: caryophyllene: benzaldehyde: linalool: liquid paraffin: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone = 0.02-0.2: 0.02-0.2: 0.02-0.2: 0.02-0.2: 0.2-2: 0.02-0.2: 0.02-0.2; wherein liquid paraffin, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone are solvents.

[0007] Furthermore, it includes the following components in a weight ratio: 1-penten-3-ol: caryophyllene: benzaldehyde: linalool: liquid paraffin: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone = 0.04-0.16: 0.04-0.16: 0.04-0.16: 0.4-1.6: 0.04-0.16: 0.04-0.16.

[0008] Furthermore, it includes the following components in weight ratio: 1-penten-3-ol: caryophyllene: benzaldehyde: linalool: liquid paraffin: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone = 0.06-0.12: 0.06-0.12: 0.06-0.12: 0.06-0.12: 0.6-1.2: 0.06-0.12: 0.06-0.12.

[0009] The invention discloses a method for preparing an attractant for Cotesia fasciata, a natural enemy of fall armyworm. The components of the attractant are weighed according to the following ratio: 1-penten-3-ol: caryophyllene: benzaldehyde: linalool: liquid paraffin: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone = 0.02-0.2: 0.02-0.2: 0.02-0.2: 0.02-0.2: 0.2-2: 0.02-0.2: 0.02-0.2, and the attractant is prepared after uniformly mixing.

[0010] Furthermore, the components of the attractant are weighed according to the following ratio: 1-penten-3-ol: caryophyllene: benzaldehyde: linalool: liquid paraffin: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone = 0.04-0.16: 0.04-0.16: 0.04-0.16: 0.04-0.16: 0.4-1.6: 0.04-0.16: 0.04-0.16, and evenly mixed to obtain an attractant for the natural enemy of the fall armyworm, the Cottonfly.

[0011] Furthermore, the components of the attractant are weighed according to the following ratio: 1-penten-3-ol: caryophyllene: benzaldehyde: linalool: liquid paraffin: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone = 0.06-0.12: 0.06-0.12: 0.06-0.12: 0.06-0.12: 0.6-1.2: 0.06-0.12: 0.06-0.12, and evenly mixed to obtain an attractant for the natural enemy of the fall armyworm, the Cottonfly.

[0012] An application of the above-mentioned attractant for Cotesia fasciata, a natural enemy of fall armyworm, or the prepared attractant for Cotesia fasciata, a natural enemy of fall armyworm, is used to lure Cotesia fasciata.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention uses artificially synthesized volatiles to prepare an attractant, which can attract the female adults of the important natural enemy of the fall armyworm larvae, the Cottonfly, thereby effectively reducing the field population of the fall armyworm and reducing the damage of the fall armyworm to crops. The attractant has the characteristics of low cost, high efficiency, simple use, and environmental friendliness, and can provide new ideas and methods for the green prevention and control of the fall armyworm, and has broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these accompanying drawings without paying creative labor.

[0015] Figure 1 The attractant effect of attractants on the borer wasp. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0017] The invention discloses an attractant for Cotesia oleracea, a natural enemy of fall armyworm, comprising the following components in weight ratio: 1-penten-3-ol: caryophyllene: benzaldehyde: linalool: liquid paraffin: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone=0.02-0.2: 0.02-0.2: 0.02-0.2: 0.02-0.2: 0.2-2: 0.02-0.2: 0.02-0.2; wherein the liquid paraffin, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol and 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone are solvents.

[0018] Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in weight ratio: 1-penten-3-ol: caryophyllene: benzaldehyde: linalool: liquid paraffin: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone = 0.04-0.16: 0.04-0.16: 0.04-0.16: 0.4-1.6: 0.04-0.16: 0.04-0.16.

[0019] Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in weight ratio: 1-penten-3-ol: caryophyllene: benzaldehyde: linalool: liquid paraffin: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone = 0.06-0.12: 0.06-0.12: 0.06-0.12: 0.06-0.12: 0.6-1.2: 0.06-0.12: 0.06-0.12.

[0020] All components of the invention are plant metabolites, the preparation steps are simple, the amount of organic solvent used is small, and it is safe for operators and the environment.

[0021] The 1-penten-3-ol, caryophyllene, benzaldehyde and linalool described in the formula are all purchased from SIGMA, but are not limited thereto.

[0022] The above-mentioned fall armyworm natural enemy Cottonella fasciatus attractant has a reasonable ratio and can effectively attract fall armyworm natural enemy Cottonella fasciatus. The fall armyworm natural enemy Cottonella fasciatus attractant of the present invention fully exerts the action characteristics of plant volatiles induced by pests, and is a safe and effective fall armyworm natural enemy Cottonella fasciatus attractant.

[0023] Example 1 Fall Armyworm Natural Enemy Cotton Wasp Attractant

[0024] Weigh the following components according to the following formula: 0.02 mg of 1-penten-3-ol, 0.02 mg of caryophyllene, 0.02 mg of benzaldehyde, 0.02 mg of linalool, 0.2 mg of liquid paraffin, 0.02 mg of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and 0.02 mg of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and then mix them evenly to obtain an attractant for the natural enemy of the fall armyworm, the Acanthopanax fasciatus.

[0025] Example 2 Preparation method of fall armyworm natural enemy Coleoptera: Coleoptera: Coleoptera attractant

[0026] The components are weighed according to the following formula: 0.2 mg of 1-penten-3-ol, 0.2 mg of caryophyllene, 0.2 mg of benzaldehyde, 0.2 mg of linalool, 2 mg of liquid paraffin, 0.2 mg of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and 0.2 mg of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and then evenly mixed to obtain an attractant for the natural enemy of the fall armyworm, the Acanthopanax fasciatus.

[0027] Example 3: Preparation method of attractant for fall armyworm's natural enemy, Coleoptera:

[0028] Weigh the following components according to the following formula: 0.04 mg of 1-penten-3-ol, 0.04 mg of caryophyllene, 0.04 mg of benzaldehyde, 0.04 mg of linalool, 0.4 mg of liquid paraffin, 0.04 mg of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and 0.04 mg of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and then mix them evenly to obtain an attractant for the natural enemy of the fall armyworm, the Acanthopanax fasciatus.

[0029] Example 4: Preparation method of attractant for fall armyworm's natural enemy, Coleoptera:

[0030] The components are weighed according to the following formula: 0.16 mg of 1-penten-3-ol, 0.16 mg of caryophyllene, 0.16 mg of benzaldehyde, 0.16 mg of linalool, 1.6 mg of liquid paraffin, 0.16 mg of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and 0.16 mg of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and then mixed evenly to obtain an attractant for the natural enemy of the fall armyworm, the Cottonfly.

[0031] Example 5: Preparation method of attractant for fall armyworm's natural enemy, Coleoptera:

[0032] Weigh the following components according to the following formula: 0.06 mg of 1-penten-3-ol, 0.06 mg of caryophyllene, 0.06 mg of benzaldehyde, 0.06 mg of linalool, 0.6 mg of liquid paraffin, 0.06 mg of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and 0.06 mg of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and then mix them evenly to obtain an attractant for the natural enemy of the fall armyworm, the Acanthopanax fasciatus.

[0033] Example 6: Preparation method of attractant for fall armyworm's natural enemy, Coleoptera:

[0034] The components are weighed according to the following formula: 0.12 mg of 1-penten-3-ol, 0.12 mg of caryophyllene, 0.12 mg of benzaldehyde, 0.12 mg of linalool, 1.2 mg of liquid paraffin, 0.12 mg of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, and 0.12 mg of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, and then mixed evenly to obtain an attractant for the natural enemy of the fall armyworm, the Acanthopanax fasciatus.

[0035] Test Example 1

[0036] The attractant of Cottonella fasciata, the natural enemy of fall armyworm, prepared in Example 6 was used. The behavioral response of Cottonella fasciata to the attractant was measured using a Y-type olfactometer. The two arms and the straight tube of the "Y"-type olfactometer are 10.0 cm long, with an inner diameter of 1.0 cm, and the angle between the two arms is 75°. The two arms of the "Y"-type are respectively connected to two odor source bottles (one bottle contains filter paper containing the attractant, and the other contains filter paper containing the control reagent) through silicone tubes. After turning on the air pump, the airflow passes through an activated carbon filter and a distilled water bottle before entering the odor source bottle to purify the air and increase the air humidity. The airflow rate of each arm is controlled at 150 ml / min by a flowmeter. The entire bioassay process is carried out in a room at 28°C. A 25W incandescent lamp is placed 25 cm in front of the olfactometer to control the light.

[0037] Before the experiment, add 10μl of the prepared attractant solution to a quantitative filter paper (1.5cm long, 0.5cm wide) and put it into a source bottle (10.0cm long, 1.0cm inner diameter); add 10μl of the control solvent to the quantitative filter paper and put it into another source bottle. Connect the experimental equipment and turn on the air pump. Use a small finger-shaped tube to introduce the female bees of the schizophora schizophora into the straight tube of the Y-shaped olfactometer one by one. Observe and record the behavioral response of the schizophora schizophora within 10 minutes, and record its selectivity for the odor sources in the two arms. The selection criterion is: when it crawls over 7cm of a side arm and lasts for more than 1min, it is recorded that the bee has made a choice of the odor source of that arm. If the bee still does not make a choice 10min after introduction, it is recorded as no response. In order to eliminate the mutual interference between natural enemies and the influence of some other factors, the olfactometer was cleaned with 99% alcohol every time two bees were tested, and dried in an oven at 100℃. At the same time, the direction of the two arms of the olfactometer was switched in the next test. A total of 50 bees were tested. The test results were analyzed by statistical methods to analyze the attractant effect on the bees.

[0038] from Figure 1 The data in the figure show that the number of the natural enemy of fall armyworm, Cotesia fasciatus, that chooses the attractant is significantly greater than that of the solvent control, that is, the attractant has a significant attracting effect on Cotesia fasciatus. The same experiment as above was carried out using the natural enemy attractant of fall armyworm prepared in Examples 1-6, and similar experimental results were obtained.

[0039] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the design ideas and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Therefore, any equivalent changes or modifications made based on the principles and design ideas disclosed by the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An attractant for the natural enemy of fall armyworm, Cotesia fasciatus, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following components in the following weight ratio: 1-penten-3-ol: caryophyllene: benzaldehyde: linalool: liquid paraffin: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone=1:1:1:1:1:10:1:1; wherein the liquid paraffin is used as a solvent.

2. A method for preparing an attractant for the natural enemy of fall armyworm, Cotesia oleracea, characterized in that: The components of the attractant are weighed according to the following ratio: 1-penten-3-ol: caryophyllene: benzaldehyde: linalool: liquid paraffin: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone = 1:1:1:1:10:1:1, and mixed evenly to obtain the attractant for the natural enemy of the fall armyworm, the Cottonfly.

3. An application of the attractant for the natural enemy of fall armyworm, Cotesia fasciatus, according to claim 1 or the attractant for the natural enemy of fall armyworm, Cotesia fasciatus, according to claim 2, characterized in that: Used to lure the borer wasp.

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