A method of flotation of a metal sulphide ore

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of metal flotation, and particularly to a flotation method for metal sulfide ores. It includes the following steps: S1: The raw ore is subjected to a first-stage grinding process and then fed into a hydrocyclone for a first-stage classification overflow. The pH of the grinding slurry is adjusted to 9.5–10.8; the first-stage grinding crushes the raw ore to a diameter of less than 10 mm; S2: The product obtained from the first-stage classification overflow is passed through a vibrating screen to obtain slurry and underfill. The underfill continues to undergo a first-stage grinding process. The slurry enters a slurry tank and is then pumped by a slurry pump to a second-stage hydrocyclone for classification, ensuring that the particle size of the classification overflow is controlled to be less than 200 mesh, accounting for 90%; S3: Prioritizing the flotation of the first metal: A frother and a high-efficiency metal collector are added to the product from the classification overflow for slurry preparation. This method improves the problem of over-grinding of the target mineral and flotation efficiency. By reducing the loss of valuable elements in the tailings and reducing the sales loss caused by the non-valuation of one valuable element in the concentrate of another valuable element, the overall recovery rate of valuable elements in the ore is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal flotation, and particularly to a flotation method for metal sulfide ores. Background Technology

[0002] Sulfide minerals have good flotation properties and are often recovered using flotation methods. This method utilizes the differences in surface wettability between sulfide minerals and involves adding flotation reagents for separation. In summary, there are several types of flotation processes: direct flotation based on differences in mineral flotation properties and floating in the order of their natural floatability; fully mixed flotation processes; mixed flotation processes; and equal floatability processes.

[0003] For polymetallic copper ores dominated by sulfide copper ore, a mature and easy-to-operate method involves selecting valuable minerals with similar floatability into a mixed concentrate, followed by separation and flotation. Since the valuable metals are finely intercalated, ultrafine grinding is required to improve the liberation of individual copper minerals. However, excessive grinding during this process can reduce the floatability of the target copper minerals and increase grinding energy costs. A staged grinding and separation process not only reduces grinding costs but also utilizes the natural floatability differences between sulfide ores, combined with froth product control devices, to develop a selective preferential flotation process. This improves flotation efficiency, enabling effective pre-separation of minerals, reducing costs and energy consumption in subsequent beneficiation processes, and enhancing the recovery of fine-grained or extremely fine valuable minerals, preventing their wear and loss during subsequent flotation. Furthermore, the preferential flotation process can adapt to complex ore characteristics, reducing the impact of ore property variations on the process flow. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a flotation method for metal sulfide ores, which can improve flotation efficiency, reduce production costs and environmental pollution, improve the problem of over-grinding of target minerals, and increase the overall recovery rate of valuable elements in the ore.

[0005] A flotation method for metal sulfide ores includes the following steps:

[0006] S1: The raw ore is ground in one stage and then fed into a hydrocyclone for a stage of classification and overflow. The pH value of the grinding slurry is adjusted to 9.5-10.8. The first stage of grinding crushes the raw ore to a diameter of less than 10mm.

[0007] S2: The product obtained from the first stage of classification overflow is passed through a vibrating screen to obtain slurry and underfill. The underfill continues to undergo a first stage of grinding. The slurry enters the slurry tank and is then pumped by the slurry pump to the second stage hydrocyclone for classification, so that the particle size of the classification overflow is controlled to be less than 200 mesh, accounting for 90%.

[0008] S3: Priority flotation of first metal: Add frother and high-efficiency metal collector to the product overflowing from the classification to adjust the slurry. After adjustment, feed the slurry into the priority flotation equipment for priority metal flotation to obtain first metal concentrate I and column flotation tailings.

[0009] S4: Mixed roughing of first and second metals: The column flotation tailings are fed into the mixed flotation mixing tank, the alkaline pH value is adjusted and then fed into the flotation machine to obtain mixed rough concentrate and mixed roughing tailings. The mixed rough concentrate is then combined and concentrated.

[0010] S5: First metal and second metal mixed scavenging: Mixed scavenging operation is performed on the mixed roughing tailings to obtain mixed scavenging concentrate and mixed scavenging tailings. The mixed scavenging concentrate is sequentially returned to the previous operation, and the last mixed scavenging tailings are the final mixed flotation tailings.

[0011] S6: The mixed concentrate of the first metal and the second metal is regrinded. The mixed coarse concentrate obtained in step S4 is concentrated and then regrinded to a fineness of 20-25 μm.

[0012] S7: Rapid Flotation of the First Metal: The grinding product obtained in step S6 is directly fed into the priority flotation equipment without adding collectors or frothers. The foam produced is the first metal concentrate product II. After the first metal concentrate product II is measured by a grade detection and control device consisting of an online grade analyzer, pneumatic valves, three-way valves, and a PLC control program, if it reaches the qualified grade and the ratio of the first metal and the second metal is within the specified range, it enters the concentrate thickener. If it does not meet the qualified grade, it enters the first metal and second metal separation roughing and re-selection. The tailings enter the first metal and second metal separation.

[0013] S8: Separation of the first and second metals: The tailings obtained in step S7 are fed into a flotation machine for separation; the first metal rough concentrate and the first metal rough tailings are obtained.

[0014] S9: First metal refining: Perform three first metal refining operations on the first metal rough concentrate obtained in step S8 to obtain first metal concentrate III. Re-grind the first metal refined ore 1, and return the remaining refined ore to the previous operation in sequence.

[0015] S10: First metal scavenging: The first metal roughing tailings obtained in step S6 are subjected to 2 to 3 first metal scavenging operations to obtain first metal scavenging concentrate and first metal scavenging tailings. The first metal scavenging concentrate is returned to the previous operation in sequence.

[0016] S11: Rapid Flotation of Second Metal: The tailings from the first metal scavenging process obtained in step S10 are subjected to rapid flotation of the second metal to obtain second metal concentrate I and second metal roughing tailings; after the second metal concentrate I is measured by a grade detection and control device consisting of an online grade analyzer, pneumatic valves, three-way valves and PLC control program, if it reaches the qualified grade, it enters the second metal concentrate thickener; if it does not reach the qualified grade, it enters the second metal cleaning process for further selection; the tailings enter the second metal and sulfur separation process.

[0017] S12: Separation of the second metal from sulfur. The tailings obtained in step S11 are subjected to roughing of the second metal. The concentrate obtained from the operation enters the separation and cleaning operation, and the tailings obtained enter the separation and scavenging operation.

[0018] S13: Second metal refining: Perform four second metal refining operations. Each refining operation yields refined froth products, which are then moved to the next refining operation. The refined froth products obtained from the final refining operation are the second metal concentrate.

[0019] S14: Second metal scavenging: The second metal roughing tailings obtained in step S12 are subjected to 2-3 stages of second metal scavenging to obtain second metal scavenged ore and second metal tailings. The second metal scavenged ore is then returned to the previous stage of operation.

[0020] Furthermore, the first metal is copper, the second metal is zinc, and the flotation steps for copper-zinc sulfide ores are as follows:

[0021] A flotation method for metal sulfide ores includes the following steps:

[0022] S1. Primary grinding of raw ore: The raw ore, crushed to a particle size of less than 8mm with 90% of the particles, is fed into the ball mill for grinding. The grinding product is discharged to the primary slurry tank. The slurry pump pumps the slurry to the primary hydrocyclone. The overflow product from the hydrocyclone enters the secondary grinding stage. The underflow enters the primary ball mill for grinding. 2.5 kg / t of lime is added to the primary slurry tank to maintain the pH value of the grinding slurry at 9.5-10.8.

[0023] S2. Two-stage grinding of raw ore: The overflow from the first stage classification passes through the second stage hydrocyclone, the sand enters the second stage ball mill for grinding, the grinding product enters the second stage slurry tank, and the slurry is pumped to the second stage hydrocyclone for classification by the slurry pump. The particle size of the classification overflow is controlled to be less than 200 mesh, accounting for 85%.

[0024] S3, Preferred Copper Floating: The overflow product from the hydrocyclone in step S2 is fed into the mixing tank for stirring. Frothing agent BK2014g / t and collector Y8910g / t are added sequentially into the mixing tank. After slurry conditioning, the slurry is fed into the preferential flotation equipment for processing to obtain copper concentrate I.

[0025] Copper concentrate I passes through a priority flotation foam automated diversion device, which consists of an online slurry grade analyzer, a PLC control module, and a flotation foam diversion execution device, to ensure that qualified copper concentrate I enters the copper concentrate thickener, while unqualified copper concentrate I enters the copper-zinc mixed flotation concentrate thickener.

[0026] S4. Copper-Zinc Mixed Roughing: The flotation tailings from step S3 are fed into a mixed flotation tank and 3.5 kg / t of lime is added. The pH of the pulp is controlled at 11.5–11.8. Two mixed roughing operations are then performed. The mixed roughing concentrate is pumped to a thickener for concentration. The dosages of butyl xanthate and Z200 collectors in the roughing stage are 55 g / t and 25 g / t, respectively, and the dosage of frother BK201 is 20 g / t. The reagents are added at the intermediate tank of each flotation machine.

[0027] S5, Copper-Zinc Mixed Scavenging: Add 25g / t of butyl xanthate and 5g / t of frother BK201 to the tailings box of S4 mixed roughing, and perform two mixed scavenging operations. The mixed scavenging concentrate is returned to the previous operation in sequence. The tailings of the last mixed scavenging are the final mixed flotation tailings.

[0028] S6. Regrinding of copper-zinc mixed concentrate: After the mixed rough concentrate from step S4 is concentrated to a concentration of 60%, the concentrated slurry enters the feed pump tank of the ISA mill. After adding 200g / t of sodium sulfide, 1800g / t of zinc sulfate, and 600g / t of sodium sulfite, the slurry is fed into the ISA mill for regrinding. The fineness of the refrinding product is controlled to be 80% of the particles in the 20μm size range.

[0029] S7. Preferred Copper Floating for Copper-Zinc Separation: The grinding product obtained in step S6 is fed into the preferential flotation equipment without the addition of collectors and frothers. The foam produced is copper concentrate II. Copper concentrate II passes through the automatic preferential flotation foam diversion device, which is equipped with an online slurry grade analyzer, a PLC control module, and a flotation foam diversion execution device. This ensures that qualified copper concentrate II enters the copper concentrate thickener, while unqualified copper concentrate II enters the copper-zinc separation flotation process. The preferential flotation tailings also enter the copper-zinc separation flotation process.

[0030] S8. Copper roughing in copper-zinc separation: The tailings from step S7 are fed into a mixing tank, and after adding 1200 g / t of zinc sulfate and 300 g / t of sodium sulfite as inhibitors, the amount of butyl xanthate collector is 40 g / t, to obtain copper rough concentrate and copper roughing tailings.

[0031] S9. Copper Refinement after Copper-Zinc Separation: The copper rough concentrate obtained in step S8 is subjected to three copper refinement operations to obtain copper concentrate III. The copper refined middlings 1 is returned to ISA for regrinding, and the remaining refined middlings are returned sequentially to the previous operation.

[0032] S10, Copper scavenging for copper-zinc separation: The copper roughing tailings obtained in step S6 are subjected to 2-3 copper scavenging operations. In each copper scavenging operation, zinc sulfate and sodium sulfite, zinc inhibitors, are added sequentially at dosages of 200-500 g / t and 0-200 g / t, respectively. Butyl xanthate, the collector, is added at a dosage of 5-10 g / t to obtain copper scavenging concentrate and copper scavenging tailings. The copper scavenging concentrate is returned sequentially to the previous operation.

[0033] S11. Preferred Zinc Flotation for Zinc-Sulfur Separation: The copper scavenging tailings obtained in step S10 are subjected to zinc-sulfur separation. Copper sulfate (800-1000 g / t) is added sequentially to the flotation machine as a zinc activator, lime slurry is added to adjust the pulp pH to 11.3-11.5, and butyl xanthate (2-5 g / t) is added as a collector before feeding into the preferential flotation equipment to obtain zinc concentrate I and zinc rougher tailings. Zinc concentrate I passes through an automated preferential flotation froth diversion device consisting of an online pulp grade analyzer, a PLC control module, and a flotation froth diversion actuator. This ensures that qualified zinc concentrate I enters the zinc concentrate thickener, while unqualified zinc concentrate I enters the zinc cleaning stage for further processing. The tailings from the preferential zinc flotation proceed to the zinc rougher stage for zinc-sulfur separation.

[0034] S12. Zinc roughing in zinc-sulfur separation: The tailings obtained in step S11 are subjected to zinc roughing. Lime is added to adjust the pH of the pulp to 11.60-11.80. The amount of collector butyl xanthate added is 5-10 g / t, and the amount of frother BK201 added is 4-8 g / t. The concentrate obtained from the roughing operation enters the zinc cleaning operation, and the tailings obtained enter the zinc scavenging operation.

[0035] S13. Zinc beneficiation through zinc-sulfur separation: Four zinc beneficiation operations are performed. Each beneficiation operation yields beneficiated froth products, which are then transferred to the next beneficiation operation. The final beneficiation operation yields zinc concentrate.

[0036] S14. Zinc scavenging for zinc-sulfur separation: The zinc roughing tailings obtained in step S12 are subjected to 2-3 stages of zinc scavenging. In each stage of scavenging, lime milk is added to adjust the pulp pH to 11.3-11.5, butyl xanthate collector is added at a rate of 5-10 g / t, and frother BK201 is added at a rate of 2-5 g / t. The zinc scavenging process yields zinc ore and zinc tailings. The zinc ore is returned to the previous stage in sequence.

[0037] Furthermore, the raw ore is a high-copper, low-zinc, fine-grained disseminated sulfide ore, and this method is applicable to copper polymetallic sulfide ores dominated by chalcopyrite.

[0038] Furthermore, a selective rapid priority flotation control device is adopted, which consists of priority flotation equipment, an online slurry grade analyzer, a PLC control module, and a flotation froth diversion actuator to perform priority flotation of copper-zinc concentrate.

[0039] Furthermore, qualified concentrate products are directly fed into the concentrate thickener, while unqualified concentrate products are processed again in a similar grade process.

[0040] Furthermore, the selection of the stepwise rapid flotation equipment and the priority flotation equipment is determined based on the flotation time of the small-scale test, which is controlled at 1 minute.

[0041] Furthermore, the mixed concentrate regrinding process uses an ISA mill for grinding, with zinc sulfate and sodium sulfite added as a combined inhibitor before grinding.

[0042] The beneficial effects of this solution are as follows: 1. This invention uses grade control + priority flotation equipment to achieve stepwise and rapid recovery of liberated copper and zinc minerals, avoiding repeated recycling in the process. This reduces the pressure on subsequent processes, saves reagent and grinding costs, avoids over-grinding, and obtains high-grade concentrate in advance, achieving the goal of full and early recovery.

[0043] 2. This invention improves the pass rate of concentrate products by using grade detection and concentrate product flow control.

[0044] 3. In this invention, the reagent formulation is simple, the collector is butyl xanthate, the foaming agent is BK201, the operation is convenient, and the reagent cost is low.

[0045] 4. The present invention has a simple process flow in the zinc beneficiation stage. By increasing the stepwise preferential flotation of zinc, the activation time of copper sulfate for sphalerite is increased, thereby improving the activation efficiency of copper sulfate. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a logic diagram of an embodiment of a flotation method for metal sulfide ores.

[0047] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the flotation machine in Example 2;

[0048] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0049] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Another state diagram of the structure shown at point A. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:

[0051] The markings in the accompanying drawings include: 1. Lime, 2. BK201, 3. Butyl xanthate, 4. Y89, 5. Z200, 6. Zinc sulfate, 7. Sodium sulfite, 8. Copper sulfate, 9. Sodium sulfide; 61. Insulation cavity, 62. Air inlet pipe, 621. Tank bottom plate, 63. Reaction tank, 64. Agitator, 65. Ventilation cover plate, 66. Ventilation cover shell, 67. Ventilation vent, 671. Blocking ball, 68. Ball slide, 681. Resistance spring, 683. Air blocking block, 69. Ventilation channel, 691.

[0052] Example 1 is attached. Figure 1 As shown,

[0053] A flotation method for metal sulfide ores, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0054] S1. Primary grinding of raw ore: The raw ore, crushed to 8mm with a content of 98%, is fed into the ball mill for grinding. The grinding product is discharged to the primary slurry tank. The slurry pump pumps the slurry to the primary hydrocyclone overflow product, which enters the secondary grinding stage. The underflow enters the primary ball mill for grinding. 2.4 kg / t of lime is added to the primary slurry tank to maintain the pH value of the grinding slurry at 10.2-10.7.

[0055] S2. Two-stage grinding of raw ore: The overflow from the first stage of classification passes through the second stage hydrocyclone and vibrating screen. The slurry under the screen directly enters the flotation, and the sand enters the second stage ball mill for grinding. After the grinding product enters the second stage slurry tank, the slurry is pumped to the second stage hydrocyclone for classification by the slurry pump. The particle size of the classification overflow is controlled to be less than 200 mesh, accounting for 84%.

[0056] S3, Preferred Copper Floating: The overflow product from the hydrocyclone in step S2 is fed into the lifting and mixing tank for stirring. Foaming agent BK201 and high-efficiency copper collector Y89 are added sequentially to the lifting and mixing tank at dosages of 6g / t and 10g / t, respectively. After slurry conditioning, the slurry is fed into the preferential flotation equipment for processing to obtain copper concentrate I.

[0057] Copper concentrate I passes through a priority flotation froth automated diversion device, which consists of an online slurry grade analyzer, a PLC control module, and a flotation froth diversion execution device. This ensures that qualified copper concentrate I enters the copper concentrate thickener, while unqualified copper concentrate I enters the copper-zinc mixed flotation concentrate thickener.

[0058] S4. Copper-Zinc Mixed Roughing: The tailings obtained in step S3 are fed into a mixed flotation mixing tank, and 3.2 kg / t of lime is added to adjust the pulp pH to 11.8 before feeding it into the flotation machine. Two mixed roughing operations are then performed, and the resulting mixed rough concentrate is pumped to a thickener for concentration treatment, along with the mixed roughing tailings. The mixed rough concentrate is then combined for further concentration. The collectors used in the roughing stage are butyl xanthate and Z200, with total dosages of 52 g / t and 25 g / t respectively. The frother BK201 dosage is 18 g / t, and the reagents are added at the intermediate tank of each flotation machine.

[0059] S5, Copper-Zinc Mixed Scavenging: Add 25g / t of butyl xanthate to the tailings box of the mixed roughing in step S4 and perform two mixed scavenging operations on the copper-zinc mixed roughing tailings obtained in step S4. The amount of frother BK201 is 5g / t. The mixed scavenging operation is carried out to obtain mixed scavenging concentrate and mixed scavenging tailings. The mixed scavenging concentrate is returned to the previous operation in sequence. The tailings of the last mixed scavenging are the final mixed flotation tailings.

[0060] S6. Regrinding of copper-zinc mixed concentrate: After concentrating the mixed rough concentrate obtained in step S4 to a concentration of 60%, the concentrated slurry is fed into the ISA mill feed pump tank. Sodium sulfide is added at a rate of 200 g / t, zinc sulfate at a rate of 1900 g / t, and sodium sulfite at a rate of 600 g / t. The slurry is then fed into the ISA mill for regrinding until the fineness of the ground product is P80@25μm.

[0061] S7. Preferred Copper Flotation for Copper-Zinc Separation: The grinding product obtained in step S6 is directly fed into the preferential flotation equipment without adding any collectors or frothers. The foam produced is copper concentrate II. Copper concentrate II passes through an automated preferential flotation foam diversion device consisting of an online slurry grade analyzer, a PLC control module, and a flotation foam diversion execution device. This ensures that qualified copper concentrate II enters the copper concentrate thickener, while unqualified copper concentrate II enters the copper-zinc separation flotation process. The preferential flotation tailings also enter the copper-zinc separation flotation process.

[0062] S8. Copper roughing in copper-zinc separation: The tailings from step S7 are fed into a mixing tank, and after adding 1200 g / t of zinc sulfate and 300 g / t of sodium sulfite as inhibitors, the amount of butyl xanthate collector is 45 g / t, to obtain copper rough concentrate and copper roughing tailings.

[0063] S9. Copper beneficiation of copper-zinc separation: The copper rough concentrate obtained in step S8 is subjected to three copper beneficiation operations to obtain copper concentrate III. The copper beneficiation middlings 1 is returned to ISA for regrinding, and the remaining beneficiation middlings are returned to the previous operation in sequence.

[0064] S10, Copper scavenging for copper-zinc separation: The copper roughing tailings obtained in step S6 are subjected to three copper scavenging operations. In each copper scavenging operation, zinc sulfate and sodium sulfite, zinc inhibitors, are added sequentially at dosages of 400 g / t and 150 g / t, respectively. The butyl xanthate collector is used at a dosage of 10 g / t to obtain copper scavenging concentrate and copper scavenging tailings. The copper scavenging concentrate is returned to the previous operation in sequence.

[0065] S11. Preferred Zinc Flotation for Zinc-Sulfur Separation: The copper scavenging tailings obtained in step S10 are subjected to rapid zinc flotation. Copper sulfate (zinc activator) at a dosage of 1000 g / t is added sequentially to the flotation machine, lime slurry is added to adjust the pulp pH to 11.3, and butyl xanthate (collector) at a dosage of 5 g / t before feeding into the preferential flotation equipment to obtain zinc concentrate I and zinc rougher tailings. Zinc concentrate I passes through an automated preferential flotation froth diversion device composed of an online pulp grade analyzer, a PLC control module, and a flotation froth diversion execution device. This ensures that qualified zinc concentrate I enters the zinc concentrate thickener, while unqualified zinc concentrate I enters the zinc cleaning stage for further processing. The tailings from the preferential zinc flotation proceed to the zinc rougher stage for zinc-sulfur separation.

[0066] S12, Zinc-sulfur separation (zinc roughing): The tailings obtained in step S11 are subjected to zinc roughing. The zinc roughing of zinc-sulfur separation: The tailings obtained in step S11 are subjected to zinc roughing. The pH value of the pulp is adjusted to 11.80, the amount of collector butyl xanthate is 8g / t, and the amount of frother BK201 is 5g / t. The concentrate obtained from the operation enters the separation and cleaning operation, and the tailings obtained enter the zinc scavenging operation.

[0067] S13. Zinc beneficiation through zinc-sulfur separation: Four zinc beneficiation operations are performed. Each beneficiation operation yields beneficiated froth products, which are then transferred to the next beneficiation operation. The final beneficiation operation yields zinc concentrate.

[0068] S14. Zinc Scavenging for Zinc-Sulfur Separation: The zinc roughing tailings obtained in step S12 are subjected to a two-stage zinc scavenging operation. In each scavenging operation, lime slurry is added to adjust the pulp pH to 11.5, butyl xanthate collector is added at a rate of 15 g / t, and frother BK201 is added at a rate of 2 g / t. The zinc scavenging process yields zinc ore and zinc tailings. The zinc ore is returned to the previous stage in sequence. The zinc scavenging can be performed three times.

[0069] The following table shows the process parameters for Example 1.

[0070]

[0071] Example 2

[0072] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is as follows: (See attached) Figure 2As shown, the flotation machine used in Embodiment 1 includes a reaction tank, an insulation chamber outside the reaction tank, and an air inlet pipe connected to the right side of the insulation chamber. The air inlet pipe continuously introduces high-temperature gas (36°C, air is selected as the gas in this embodiment) into the insulation chamber. A tank bottom plate is fixed between the bottom of the reaction tank and the insulation chamber, and an air-blocking block is installed in the middle of the tank bottom plate, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 3-4 As shown, the air-blocking block has two venting channels and a ball track. The ball track is concave and its bottom is connected to the insulation cavity, while its top is sealed. It also includes a blocking ball that is slidably connected inside the ball track. A limit device is provided at the bottom of the ball track to prevent the blocking ball from falling from the bottom (not shown in the figure; a protrusion is provided at the bottom of the ball track to prevent the blocking ball from falling into the insulation cavity). A resistance spring is also fixed between the top of the blocking ball and the top of the ball track. The venting channel is connected to the ball track. When the blocking ball is in the initial state (the blocking ball is at the bottom of the ball track), the venting channel is blocked by the blocking ball. When the blocking ball is in the final position, the venting channel is connected to the insulation cavity. A ventilation hood groove is fixed above the bottom plate of the trough. The ventilation hood groove is ring-shaped and surrounds the air blocking block. A groove is opened in the middle of the ventilation groove, and evenly distributed ventilation holes are opened on the ventilation groove. A ventilation cover is slidably connected in the groove in the middle of the ventilation groove. A ventilation cover is fixed on the top of the ventilation cover, and evenly distributed ventilation holes are also opened on the ventilation cover.

[0073] When high-temperature gas is continuously introduced into the insulation chamber through the inlet pipe, the high-temperature gas first fills the insulation chamber, which can heat or keep the reaction liquid in the reaction tank at a constant temperature. Even in extremely cold weather, such as winter, the reaction liquid in the reaction tank can still react. As the insulation chamber is continuously filled with gas, the volume of the insulation chamber remains constant, but the increased gas volume leads to increased pressure. Under the push of the high-pressure gas, the blocking ball can slide upward along the ball track. At this time, the resistance spring is compressed, continuously providing resistance to the blocking ball. Depending on the selection of the resistance spring and the weight of the blocking ball, those skilled in the art can choose an appropriate scheme to trigger the gas in the insulation chamber to push the blocking ball to the upper limit position. The gas can then enter the reaction tank along the vent. Taking 100N as an example, when the force exerted by the gas in the insulation chamber on the blocking ball reaches 100N, the blocking ball can be pushed to the upper limit position, the vent is opened, and the high-pressure gas in the insulation chamber enters the reaction tank along the vent. The high-temperature gas entering the reaction tank pushes the venting cover upwards. The reaction liquid inside the venting cover, propelled by the high-pressure gas, rushes out through the vent holes in the venting cover groove. Some gas escapes from the vent holes, forming bubbles, while some gas pushes the venting cover plate upwards (i.e., the venting cover and the venting cover plate move upwards together), simultaneously escaping from the vent holes on the venting cover plate, forming bubbles. These bubbles, as they rise, complete the flotation of the liquid in the reaction tank. In this design, the weight of the venting cover and the venting cover plate is set to prevent the venting cover from being pushed out of the venting groove.

[0074] In this design, the gas generates bubbles for flotation not only from one direction, but also from the surrounding area (perpendicular to the axis of the vent) through the vent hood groove. This means that a single setting can perform flotation operations in multiple directions, making it more practical than traditional technologies that only allow flotation in one direction. As the high-pressure gas pushes the vent hood to move, the sliding motion within the vent hood groove also cleans impurities adhering to the vent holes, demonstrating the cleaning function of the high-pressure gas. Once the pressure of the gas in the insulation chamber on the blocking ball decreases, the blocking ball, pushed by the resistance spring, blocks the vent again, awaiting the next surge of high-temperature gas in the insulation chamber. The vent hood, under its own weight, moves downwards and returns to its original position. Impurities on the vent hood plate are removed by the high-pressure gas and the up-and-down displacement.

[0075] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention. The invention is not limited to the fields covered by these embodiments. Commonly known structures and characteristics in the solutions are not described in detail here. Those skilled in the art are aware of all common technical knowledge in the field prior to the application date or priority date, are able to access all existing technologies in that field, and have the ability to apply conventional experimental methods prior to that date. Those skilled in the art can, under the guidance of this application, improve and implement this solution in combination with their own capabilities. Some typical known structures or methods should not be obstacles for those skilled in the art to implement this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the structure of the present invention. These should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention, and will not affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the present invention or the practicality of the patent. The scope of protection claimed in this application should be determined by the content of its claims, and the specific embodiments described in the specification can be used to interpret the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A flotation method for metal sulfide ores, characterized in that, The flotation of copper-zinc sulfide ores includes the following steps: S1. Primary grinding of raw ore: The raw ore, crushed to a particle size of less than 8mm with 90% of the particles, is fed into the ball mill for grinding. The grinding product is discharged to the primary slurry tank. The slurry pump pumps the slurry to the primary hydrocyclone. The overflow product from the hydrocyclone enters the secondary grinding stage. The underflow enters the primary ball mill for grinding. 2.5 kg / t of lime is added to the primary slurry tank to maintain the pH value of the grinding slurry at 9.5-10.

8. S2. Two-stage grinding of raw ore: The overflow from the first stage classification is passed through the second stage hydrocyclone, the underflow enters the second stage ball mill for grinding, the grinding product enters the second stage slurry tank, and the slurry is pumped to the second stage hydrocyclone for classification by the slurry pump. The particle size of the classification overflow is controlled to be less than 200 mesh, accounting for 85%; S3, Preferred Copper Floating: The overflow product from the hydrocyclone in step S2 is fed into the mixing tank for stirring. Foaming agent BK201 4g / t and collector Y89 10g / t are added sequentially into the mixing tank. After slurry preparation, the slurry is fed into the preferential flotation equipment for processing to obtain copper concentrate I. Copper concentrate I passes through a priority flotation foam automated diversion device consisting of an online slurry grade analyzer, a PLC control module, and a flotation foam diversion device. This ensures that qualified copper concentrate I enters the thickener, while unqualified copper concentrate I enters the copper-zinc mixed roughing concentrate thickener, and then enters the copper-zinc separation process. S4. Copper-Zinc Mixed Roughing: The flotation tailings from step S3 are fed into a mixed flotation mixing tank and 3.5 kg / t of lime is added. The pH value of the pulp is controlled at 11.5-11.

8. Then, two mixed roughing operations are performed. The mixed roughing concentrate is pumped to a thickener for concentration. The dosage of collector butyl xanthate and Z200 in the roughing stage is 55 g / t and 25 g / t, respectively. The dosage of frother BK201 is 20 g / t. The reagents are added at the intermediate tank of each flotation machine. S5, Copper-Zinc Mixed Scavenging: Add 25g / t of butyl xanthate and 5g / t of frother BK201 to the tailings box of S4 mixed roughing, and perform two mixed scavenging operations. The mixed scavenging concentrate is returned to the previous operation in sequence. The tailings of the last mixed scavenging are the final mixed flotation tailings. S6. Regrinding of copper-zinc mixed concentrate: After the mixed rough concentrate from step S4 is concentrated to a concentration of 60%, the concentrated slurry enters the feed pump tank of the ISA mill. 200 g / t of sodium sulfide, 1500 g / t of zinc sulfate, and 500 g / t of sodium sulfite are added, and the slurry is then fed into the ISA mill for regrinding. The fineness of the ground product is controlled to be 80% of the particles being 20 μm. S7. Preferred Copper Floating for Copper-Zinc Separation: The grinding product obtained in step S6 is fed into the preferential flotation equipment without the addition of collectors or frothers. The foam produced is copper concentrate II. Copper concentrate II passes through an automated preferential flotation foam diversion device consisting of an online slurry grade analyzer, a PLC control module, and a flotation foam diversion execution device. This ensures that qualified copper concentrate II enters the copper concentrate thickener, while unqualified copper concentrate II enters the copper-zinc separation flotation process. The preferential flotation tailings also enter the copper-zinc separation flotation process. S8. Copper roughing in copper-zinc separation: The tailings from step S7 are fed into a mixing tank, and after adding 1200 g / t of zinc sulfate and 300 g / t of sodium sulfite as inhibitors, the amount of butyl xanthate collector is 40 g / t, to obtain copper rough concentrate and copper roughing tailings. S9. Copper Refinement after Copper-Zinc Separation: The copper rough concentrate obtained in step S8 is subjected to three copper refinement operations to obtain copper concentrate III. The copper refined middlings 1 is returned to ISA for regrinding, and the remaining refined middlings are returned sequentially to the previous operation. S10, Copper scavenging for copper-zinc separation: The copper roughing tailings obtained in step S8 are subjected to 2-3 copper scavenging operations. In each copper scavenging operation, zinc sulfate and sodium sulfite, zinc inhibitors, are added sequentially at dosages of 200-500 g / t and 0-200 g / t, respectively. Butyl xanthate, the collector, is added at a dosage of 5-10 g / t to obtain copper scavenging concentrate and copper scavenging tailings. The copper scavenging concentrate is returned sequentially to the previous operation. S11. Preferred Zinc Flotation for Zinc-Sulfur Separation: The copper scavenging tailings obtained in step S10 are subjected to zinc-sulfur separation. Copper sulfate, a zinc activator, is added to the flotation machine at a rate of 800–1000 g / t. Lime slurry is used to adjust the pulp pH to 11.3–11.5, and butyl xanthate, a collector, is added at a rate of 2–5 g / t before feeding into the preferential flotation equipment to obtain zinc concentrate I and zinc rougher tailings. Zinc concentrate I passes through an automated preferential flotation foam diversion device composed of an online pulp grade analyzer, a PLC control module, and a flotation foam diversion execution device. This ensures that qualified zinc concentrate I enters the zinc concentrate thickener, while unqualified zinc concentrate I enters the zinc cleaning stage for further processing. The tailings from the preferential zinc flotation enter the zinc rougher stage for zinc-sulfur separation. S12. Zinc roughing in zinc-sulfur separation: The tailings obtained in step S11 are subjected to zinc roughing. Lime is added to adjust the pH of the pulp to 11.60-11.

80. The amount of collector butyl xanthate added is 5-10 g / t, and the amount of frother BK201 added is 4-8 g / t. The concentrate obtained from the roughing operation enters the zinc cleaning operation, and the tailings obtained enter the zinc scavenging operation. S13. Zinc beneficiation of zinc-sulfur separation: Four zinc beneficiation operations are carried out. Each beneficiation operation yields beneficiated froth products, which are then transferred to the next beneficiation operation. The beneficiated froth products obtained from the final beneficiation operation are zinc concentrate. S14. Zinc scavenging for zinc-sulfur separation: The zinc roughing tailings obtained in step S12 are subjected to 2-3 stages of zinc scavenging. In each stage of scavenging, lime milk is added to adjust the pH of the pulp to 11.3-11.5, the amount of collector butyl xanthate is 5-10 g / t, and the amount of frother BK201 is 2-5 g / t. The zinc scavenging process is carried out to obtain zinc ore and zinc tailings. The zinc ore is returned to the previous stage in sequence. The flotation machine in step S4 includes a reaction tank, an insulation chamber outside the reaction tank, an air inlet pipe connected to the right side of the insulation chamber, and a 36°C gas continuously introduced into the insulation chamber through the air inlet pipe. A tank bottom plate is fixed between the bottom of the reaction tank and the insulation chamber. An air blocking block is set in the middle of the tank bottom plate. Two air passages are opened in the air blocking block. A ball slide is also opened on the air blocking block. The ball slide is concave. The bottom of the ball slide is connected to the insulation chamber. The top of the ball slide is sealed. It also includes a blocking ball, which is slidably connected inside the ball track. A limit device is provided at the bottom of the ball track to prevent the blocking ball from falling off. A resistance spring is also fixed between the top of the blocking ball and the top of the ball track. The vent is connected to the ball track. When the blocking ball is in the initial state, the vent is blocked by the blocking ball. When the blocking ball is in the final position, the vent is connected to the insulation cavity. A ventilation hood groove is fixed above the bottom plate of the groove. The ventilation hood groove is ring-shaped and surrounds the air blocking block. A groove is opened in the middle of the ventilation groove, and ventilation holes are evenly distributed on the ventilation groove. A ventilation cover is slidably connected in the groove in the middle of the ventilation groove. A ventilation cover is fixed on the top of the ventilation cover, and ventilation holes are also evenly distributed on the ventilation cover.

2. The flotation method for metal sulfide ores according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw ore is a high-copper, low-zinc, fine-grained disseminated sulfide ore, and this method is applicable to copper polymetallic sulfide ores dominated by chalcopyrite.

3. The flotation method for metal sulfide ores according to claim 1, characterized in that: A selective rapid preferential flotation control device is adopted, which consists of a preferential flotation device, an online slurry grade analyzer, a PLC control module, and a flotation foam diversion actuator to perform preferential flotation of copper-zinc concentrate.

4. The flotation method for metal sulfide ores according to claim 1, characterized in that: Qualified concentrate products go directly into the concentrate thickener, while unqualified concentrate products go into the roughing process for further selection.

5. The flotation method for metal sulfide ores according to claim 1, characterized in that: The selection of priority flotation equipment is determined based on the flotation time of small-scale experiments, and the flotation time of small-scale experiments is controlled at 1 minute.

6. The flotation method for metal sulfide ores according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mixed concentrate regrinding process uses an ISA mill for grinding, with zinc sulfate and sodium sulfite added as a combined inhibitor before grinding.

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