A method for preparing high-activity black ginseng

Abstract

The present application proposes a method for preparing highly active black ginseng, comprising: washing fresh ginseng; soaking the ginseng in a water bath using a composite enzyme, and performing isothermal enzymolysis with the assistance of ultrasound; steaming the ginseng after isothermal enzymolysis; and using supercritical CO 2 The steamed ginseng is dried using the technology. β-glucosidase and cellulase are mixed in a ratio of 2-5:1-3. The ginseng is soaked in a water bath at 35-45°C using a composite enzyme, and is subjected to constant temperature enzymolysis assisted by 50-100W power ultrasound. The steaming medium is an acetic acid aqueous solution with a concentration of 1-20%. The ginseng after constant temperature enzymolysis is steamed for 3-5 hours. This application is different from the existing black ginseng processing technology. It uses constant temperature low-frequency ultrasound-assisted enzymolysis, low-concentration acetic acid aqueous solution steaming, and supercritical CO 2 Drying technology shortens the drying process time and reduces the drying temperature, effectively improving production efficiency. The content of rare saponin Rg3 in black ginseng is significantly higher than that in black ginseng produced by traditional technology, thereby ensuring the biological activity of black ginseng to the greatest extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of black ginseng processing, and in particular to a method for preparing highly active black ginseng. Background Art

[0002] Black ginseng is a processed ginseng product obtained by steaming and drying the dried roots and rhizomes of the Araliaceae plant Panax ginseng nine times (i.e., steaming and drying nine times). During the steaming process, the heat treatment causes the ginseng to undergo a "Maillard reaction", and the color gradually changes to brown to dark brown ginseng, and the dry components are reduced. During the "nine steaming and nine drying" process, the total saponin content of its main effective ingredient will be lost, but the content of rare saponins will be significantly increased, that is, the chemical structure of the ginsenoside component changes, and new rare saponin components are generated from ordinary saponins, among which the rare ginsenoside Rg3 has a higher content. Ginsenoside Rg3 mainly promotes tumor cell apoptosis, improves immunity, resists tumor angiogenesis, reduces lipid peroxidation damage, protects the kidneys, and resists viruses.

[0003] The existing black ginseng processing technology mostly adopts a method of multiple long-term steaming combined with multiple long-term high-temperature drying. The production process is time-consuming and not conducive to production, and the Rg3 content in the black ginseng finished product is relatively low. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides a method for preparing highly active black ginseng to solve the problems existing in the related art. The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] The present application embodiment provides a method for preparing highly active black ginseng, comprising:

[0006] Wash fresh ginseng;

[0007] The ginseng was soaked in a water bath using a composite enzyme, and the enzymatic hydrolysis was performed at a constant temperature with the assistance of ultrasound.

[0008] Steaming the ginseng after isothermal enzymatic hydrolysis;

[0009] Supercritical CO2 technology is used to dry the steamed ginseng.

[0010] In one embodiment, the fresh ginseng is 5-year-old fresh ginseng.

[0011] In one embodiment, the complex enzyme includes β-glucosidase and cellulase.

[0012] In one embodiment, the β-glucosidase and the cellulase are mixed in a ratio of 2-5:1-3.

[0013] In one embodiment, the ginseng is soaked in a water bath at 35-45° C. using a composite enzyme, and is subjected to constant temperature enzymolysis assisted by ultrasound at a power of 50-100 W.

[0014] In one embodiment, the steaming medium is an aqueous solution of acetic acid with a concentration of 1-20%.

[0015] In one embodiment, the ginseng after isothermal enzymolysis is steamed for 3-5 hours.

[0016] In one embodiment, the steamed ginseng is dried using supercritical CO2 technology, the pressure in the drying kettle is 10-20 MPa, the temperature is 35-50° C., and the drying time is 0.5-2 h.

[0017] In one embodiment, the following steps are repeated 2-5 times:

[0018] The ginseng was soaked in a water bath using a composite enzyme, and the enzymatic hydrolysis was performed at a constant temperature with the assistance of ultrasound.

[0019] Steaming the ginseng after isothermal enzymatic hydrolysis;

[0020] Supercritical CO2 technology is used to dry the steamed ginseng;

[0021] After the steps are repeated, black ginseng with a moisture content of ≤12% is obtained.

[0022] In one embodiment, the method for preparing high-activity black ginseng further comprises: detecting the content of total saponins and ginsenoside Rg3 in black ginseng.

[0023] The advantages or beneficial effects of the above technical solution include at least:

[0024] The high-activity black ginseng preparation method of the present application is different from the existing black ginseng processing technology. It adopts constant temperature low-frequency ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis, low-concentration acetic acid aqueous solution steaming, and supercritical CO2 drying technology, and shortens the drying process time and reduces the drying temperature, effectively improving production efficiency. The content of rare saponin Rg3 in black ginseng is significantly higher than the Rg3 content in black ginseng produced by traditional methods, thereby ensuring the biological activity of black ginseng to the greatest extent.

[0025] The above summary is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments and features described above, further aspects, embodiments and features of the present application will be readily apparent by reference to the following detailed description. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In the following, only some exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will appreciate, the described embodiments may be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the description is considered to be exemplary rather than restrictive in nature.

[0027] The present application embodiment provides a method for preparing highly active black ginseng, comprising:

[0028] Step 101, cleaning: cleaning the fresh ginseng;

[0029] In one embodiment, 5-year-old fresh ginseng is selected.

[0030] Step 102, constant temperature low frequency ultrasonic enzymatic hydrolysis: using a composite enzyme to soak ginseng in a water bath, and performing constant temperature enzymatic hydrolysis with the assistance of ultrasound.

[0031] In one embodiment, the complex enzyme includes β-glucosidase and cellulase.

[0032] In one embodiment, β-glucosidase and cellulase are mixed in a ratio of 2-5:1-3.

[0033] In one embodiment, the ginseng is soaked in a water bath at 35-45° C. using a composite enzyme, and is subjected to constant temperature enzymolysis assisted by ultrasound at a power of 50-100 W.

[0034] Ginsenoside Rg3 belongs to the protopanaxadiol type saponin of the tetracyclic triterpenoid dammarane type. Studies have shown that the main metabolic pathways of protopanaxadiol saponins and protopanaxantriol saponins in the body are to generate secondary glycosides and aglycones with better pharmacological activity through desugaring reactions. Intestinal enzymes metabolize protopanaxadiol ginsenosides Rb1 and Rc into Rg3. Ginsenoside Rg3 is one of the important forms of protopanaxadiol saponins that are absorbed and utilized by the intestine after metabolism. The above two enzymes convert common saponins (such as Rb1 and Rc) in ginseng into rare saponin Rg3 by hydrolyzing glycosidic bonds. The combined use of the above two enzymes can more efficiently complete the biotransformation between saponins; the enzyme has a higher frequency vibration under the drive of ultrasound, which can fully contact with ginseng multiple times, increasing the number of reactions between the enzyme and the substrate; and low-frequency and low-temperature ultrasound conditions can also promote enzyme activity, increase the conversion rate of the substrate, and increase the Rg3 content in the finished black ginseng.

[0035] Step 103, steaming: steaming the ginseng after constant temperature enzymatic hydrolysis.

[0036] In one embodiment, the steaming medium is an aqueous solution of acetic acid with a concentration of 1-20%.

[0037] In one embodiment, the ginseng after isothermal enzymolysis is steamed for 3-5 hours.

[0038] Under weakly acidic conditions, ginsenosides are prone to configurational changes. Ordinary ginsenosides can be converted into secondary saponins and sapogenins. Steaming ginseng with a lower concentration of acetic acid aqueous solution instead of traditional water as the steaming medium can promote the conversion of ordinary ginsenosides into rare ginsenoside Rg3, which is beneficial to the preparation of black ginseng with high Rg3 activity.

[0039] Step 104, drying: using supercritical CO2 technology to dry the steamed ginseng.

[0040] In one embodiment, the steamed ginseng is dried using supercritical CO2 technology, the pressure in the drying kettle is 10-20 MPa, the temperature is 35-50° C., and the drying time is 0.5-2 h.

[0041] Step 105, repeat steps 102-104 2-5 times:

[0042] After the steps are repeated, black ginseng with a moisture content of ≤12% is obtained.

[0043] It should be understood that the moisture content of general ginseng products needs to be controlled at 12% or below for easy preservation.

[0044] Step 106, detecting the contents of total saponins and ginsenoside Rg3 in black ginseng.

[0045] Example

[0046] (1) Select 5-year-old fresh ginseng.

[0047] (2) Wash the fresh ginseng.

[0048] (3) Constant temperature low-frequency ultrasonic enzymatic hydrolysis: Ginseng was immersed in a 40°C water bath using a composite enzyme consisting of β-glucosidase and cellulase in a ratio of 3:2, and constant temperature enzymatic hydrolysis was performed with the assistance of 50W ultrasonic power.

[0049] (4) Steaming: Steam at normal pressure for 3 h, with the steaming medium being 1% acetic acid aqueous solution.

[0050] (5) Drying: Using supercritical CO2 technology, the pressure in the drying kettle is 10-20MPa, the temperature is 35℃, and the drying time is 0.5h.

[0051] (6) Steps 3-5 were repeated three times to obtain black ginseng with a moisture content of 12%.

[0052] (7) Detect the contents of total saponins and ginsenoside Rg3 in black ginseng.

[0053] Comparative Example 1

[0054] There is no step 3, and the remaining steps are consistent with the embodiment.

[0055] Comparative Example 2

[0056] In step 3, the ultrasonic power is set to 300 W, and the remaining steps are consistent with the embodiment.

[0057] Comparative Example 3

[0058] In step 3, β-glucosidase and cellulase are mixed in a ratio of 1:4, and the remaining steps are consistent with the embodiment.

[0059] Comparative Example 4

[0060] In step 3, hemicellulase is used for enzymolysis, and the remaining steps are consistent with the embodiment.

[0061] Comparative Example 5

[0062] Step 4 uses water as the steaming medium, and the remaining steps are consistent with the embodiment.

[0063] Comparative Example 6

[0064] Step 5 is dried by high temperature drying (70° C., 7 h) / time, repeated 9 times, and the rest is consistent with the embodiment.

[0065] (2) Experimental results

[0066] See the table below for details.

[0067]

[0068] (3) Results analysis

[0069] Compared with the embodiment, the difference in the total ginsenoside content of Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3, Comparative Example 4, and Comparative Example 5 is not obvious, but the content of ginsenoside Rg3 is significantly reduced; the content of ginsenoside Rg3 in Comparative Example 6 is not significantly different from that in the embodiment, but the total saponin content is lost more. It shows that the black ginseng prepared under the conditions of low-frequency low-temperature ultrasound, appropriate enzyme mixing ratio, low-concentration acetic acid as steaming medium, and supercritical CO2 low-temperature short-time drying in the embodiment has less total saponin loss and higher content of rare ginsenoside Rg3.

[0070] It can be seen from the experimental results of the above embodiments and comparative examples that the method for preparing high-activity black ginseng of the present application can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0071] 1. It can improve the production efficiency of black ginseng.

[0072] 2. Reduce the loss of total saponins in black ginseng.

[0073] 3. Increase the content of rare ginsenoside Rg3 in black ginseng, so that the finished black ginseng product has higher biological activity.

[0074] In summary, the method for preparing highly active black ginseng of the present application provides a black ginseng production process with higher production efficiency, and a process for preparing black ginseng with higher ginsenoside Rg3 activity.

[0075] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of different embodiments or examples, unless they are contradictory.

[0076] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0077] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for preparing highly active black ginseng, characterized in that: include: Wash fresh ginseng; The method comprises soaking ginseng in a water bath with a composite enzyme, and performing isothermal enzymolysis with the assistance of ultrasound; the composite enzyme comprises β-glucosidase and cellulase; the β-glucosidase and cellulase are mixed in a ratio of 2-5:1-3; soaking ginseng in a water bath with a composite enzyme at 35-45°C, and performing isothermal enzymolysis with the assistance of 50-100W power ultrasound; Steaming the ginseng after constant temperature enzymolysis; the steaming medium is an acetic acid aqueous solution with a concentration of 1-20%; Supercritical CO2 technology is used to dry the steamed ginseng.

2. The method for preparing highly active black ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fresh ginseng is 5-year-old fresh ginseng.

3. The method for preparing highly active black ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ginseng after constant temperature enzymatic hydrolysis is steamed for 3-5 hours.

4. The method for preparing highly active black ginseng according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steamed ginseng is dried using supercritical CO2 technology, the pressure in the drying kettle is 10-20MPa, the temperature is 35-50°C, and the drying time is 0.5-2h.

5. The method for preparing highly active black ginseng according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Repeat the following steps 2-5 times: The ginseng was soaked in a water bath using a composite enzyme, and the enzymatic hydrolysis was performed at a constant temperature with the assistance of ultrasound. Steaming the ginseng after isothermal enzymatic hydrolysis; Supercritical CO2 technology is used to dry the steamed ginseng; After the steps are repeated, black ginseng with a moisture content of ≤12% is obtained.

6. The method for preparing highly active black ginseng according to claim 5, characterized in that: The method for preparing high-activity black ginseng further comprises: detecting the contents of total saponins and ginsenoside Rg3 in the black ginseng.

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