An arch dam scale model centralized equivalent new static and dynamic loading test device

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of arch dam scale model centralized equivalent new static and dynamic loading test device, belong to the technical field of hydraulic engineering, it includes: arch dam scale model;Counterforce wall is located in the upstream side of arch dam scale model;Loading mechanism includes first loading part and second loading part, first loading part and second loading part are oppositely arranged in the upstream side and downstream side of the dam body of arch dam scale model, for carrying out force loading to dam body;Wherein, first loading part is connected with second loading part by fixing piece;Driving mechanism is installed in the side of counterforce wall close to arch dam scale model, and the driving end of driving mechanism is connected with first loading part, for driving loading mechanism to carry out loading to dam body.The application has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation, easy-to-operate use method, can be assembled at any time, and can also be transported integrally;Small space occupation, save experimental space, important role and significance for improving arch dam scale model test efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of water conservancy engineering technology, specifically relating to a novel static dynamic loading test device for a scaled-down arch dam model with centralized equivalent. Background Technology

[0002] my country's water and hydropower resources are mostly concentrated in high dams and large reservoirs. These large and medium-sized water conservancy projects, as important national infrastructure, play a vital role in economic development and maintaining social stability. Arch dams are an extremely important type of water-retaining structure in water conservancy projects. With the increasing emphasis placed on water conservancy facilities by the state in recent years, research on arch dam structures has also attracted growing attention.

[0003] Scaled-down model tests of arch dams are currently one of the main methods for studying the structural safety performance of arch dams. The results provide important reference and value for analyzing and evaluating the safety performance of arch dam structures. Most arch dam structures in my country are built in the southwestern canyon regions, where seismic intensity is high, and they are subjected to complex static and dynamic loads. Seismic action (dynamic load) is essentially a cyclic reciprocating load. Therefore, studying the failure phenomena and mechanisms of arch dam structures under static and dynamic loads is a key research topic. Existing research on the failure process and mechanisms of arch dam structures under static and dynamic loads mainly employs geomechanical models (static method based on jacks, unidirectional load) and shaking table tests (dynamic method, bidirectional reciprocating load). However, geomechanical model and shaking table model tests are extremely costly and time-consuming, greatly limiting their implementation. In particular, the failure modes and mechanisms of arch dams under cyclic reciprocating loads such as earthquakes can be simulated through cyclic loading tests, but currently there is no research on experimental devices and methods for arch dam structures under cyclic reciprocating loads. These issues limit the progress and advancement of related scientific research on arch dam structures.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of static and dynamic loading test device for scaled-down arch dam models to simultaneously meet the requirements of static and dynamic loading tests for both unidirectional and cyclical arch dams. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A novel centralized equivalent static and dynamic loading test device for a scaled-down arch dam model includes:

[0007] Scaled-down model of an arch dam;

[0008] A reaction wall, located on the upstream side of the scaled-down model of the arch dam;

[0009] A loading mechanism, comprising a first loading part and a second loading part, which are oppositely arranged on the upstream side and the downstream side of the dam body of the arch dam scale model for loading the dam body; wherein the first loading part and the second loading part are connected by a fixing member;

[0010] A driving mechanism, which is installed on the side of the counter-force wall close to the arch dam scale model, and the driving end of the driving mechanism is connected with the first loading part for driving the loading mechanism to load the dam body.

[0011] Further, the first loading part comprises a plurality of first loading blocks, a first load distribution beam and a multi-stage loading beam; the plurality of first loading blocks are evenly distributed on the first load distribution beam, and the other side of the first load distribution beam is connected with the multi-stage loading beam through a traction plate; the side of the first loading block away from the first load distribution beam is provided with a curved surface matching the upstream side of the dam body and abutting against the upstream side of the dam body;

[0012] The second loading part comprises a second load distribution beam and a plurality of second loading blocks oppositely arranged with the first loading blocks; the plurality of second loading blocks are evenly distributed on the second load distribution beam; the side of the second loading block away from the second load distribution beam is provided with a curved surface matching the downstream side of the dam body and abutting against the downstream side of the dam body;

[0013] The second load distribution beam is connected with the first load distribution beam through the fixing member;

[0014] The multi-stage loading beam is connected with the driving end of the driving mechanism.

[0015] Further, the first load distribution beam comprises a first distribution main plate vertically arranged at the middle of the upstream side of the dam body and a plurality of first distribution connecting plates matched with the first loading blocks; the plurality of first distribution connecting plates are oppositely distributed on the two sides of the first distribution main plate and are respectively fixedly connected with the first loading blocks and the multi-stage loading beam;

[0016] The second load distribution beam comprises a second distribution main plate vertically arranged at the middle of the downstream side of the dam body and a plurality of second distribution connecting plates matched with the second loading blocks; the plurality of second distribution connecting plates are oppositely distributed on the two sides of the second distribution main plate, and the second distribution connecting plates are fixedly connected with the second loading blocks;

[0017] The first distribution main plate and the second distribution main plate are connected by a fixed connecting steel bar.

[0018] Further, the multi-stage loading beam comprises a first-stage loading beam, a plurality of first-stage fasteners, a plurality of second-stage fasteners and a second-stage loading beam; the first-stage loading beam and the second-stage loading beam are both I-beams; each of the plurality of first-stage fasteners comprises two first-stage fasteners, and each of the plurality of second-stage fasteners comprises two second-stage fasteners;

[0019] The two sides of the web of the first flange of the first-stage loading beam are slidably connected to one end of each of the plurality of second-stage fasteners, and the other end of each of the plurality of second-stage fasteners is slidably connected to the two sides of the web of the first flange of the second-stage loading beam.

[0020] The two sides of the web of the second flange of the first-stage loading beam are slidably connected to one end of each of the plurality of first-stage fasteners, and the first-stage fasteners are connected to the first distribution connecting plate through a traction plate.

[0021] Further, there are two first-stage loading beams, four groups of first-stage fasteners, two groups of second-stage fasteners and one second-stage loading beam; the two ends of the two first-stage loading beams are fastened and connected; the four groups of first-stage fasteners are respectively distributed at the two ends of the second flange of the two first-stage loading beams; and the two groups of second-stage fasteners are respectively distributed at the two ends of the first flange of the second-stage loading beam and connected to the first flange of the first-stage loading beam.

[0022] Further, the first-stage fastener is an angle steel structure, and comprises a first steel plate and a second steel plate arranged vertically; two first through holes are formed in the first steel plate, and the two first through holes are symmetrical along the axis of the first steel plate; and the second steel plate is provided with a second through hole;

[0023] The two sides of the web of the second flange of the first-stage loading beam are provided with a rectangular first hole slot in the depth direction of the through flange; a first screw rod passes through the first through hole and the first hole slot, and the two ends of the first screw rod are provided with first bolts to fasten and connect the first-stage loading beam and the first-stage fastener;

[0024] The traction plate is provided with a plurality of groups, wherein each group of traction plates comprises two traction plates and is oppositely distributed on the first distribution connecting plate; the traction plate comprises a C-shaped iron plate and a rectangular iron block with a through hole slot, the closed end of the C-shaped iron plate is fixedly connected to the rectangular iron block, and the open end of the C-shaped iron plate is connected to one end of the first distribution connecting plate close to the first distribution main plate;

[0025] Further, the traction plate is provided with a plurality of groups, wherein each group of traction plates comprises two traction plates and is oppositely distributed on the first distribution connecting plate; the traction plate comprises a C-shaped iron plate and a rectangular iron block with a through hole slot, the closed end of the C-shaped iron plate is fixedly connected to the rectangular iron block, and the open end of the C-shaped iron plate is connected to one end of the first distribution connecting plate close to the first distribution main plate;

[0026] Furthermore, the secondary fastener includes a fourth steel plate and a third steel plate and a fifth steel plate disposed opposite to each other on both sides of the fourth steel plate, wherein the third steel plate, the fourth steel plate and the fifth steel plate are arranged to form a portal steel profile structure;

[0027] The third steel plate and the fifth steel plate each have two third through holes, which are symmetrical along the axis of the third steel plate. The fourth steel plate has a fourth through hole.

[0028] Both sides of the web of the first flange of the primary loading beam and both sides of the web of the first flange of the secondary fastener are provided with rectangular second holes extending through the flange depth direction; the second screw passes through the third through hole and the second hole, and the two ends of the second screw are provided with second bolts to securely connect the primary loading beam, the secondary fastener and the secondary loading beam.

[0029] It also includes a second horizontal screw that passes through the fourth through hole of each set of secondary fasteners, and third bolts are provided at both ends of the second horizontal screw to securely connect the second horizontal screw to the secondary fasteners.

[0030] Furthermore, the driving mechanism includes a bidirectional tension-compression jack, the fixed end of which is connected to the reaction wall, and the output end of which is provided with a loading head, the side of which is away from the bidirectional tension-compression jack abuts against the second flange of the secondary loading beam.

[0031] Furthermore, it also includes a load sensor, which is disposed between the loading head and the bidirectional tension / compression jack.

[0032] Beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. The design concept of this invention is simple and clear. The load loading device uses loading blocks and load distribution beams to clamp the scaled-down arch dam model, and transforms the distributed surface load borne by the arch dam into several equivalent line loads. Unidirectional and repeated loads are applied using fixed connecting steel bars, traction plates, multi-stage loading beams, and bidirectional tension-compression jacks. This device ensures the reliability of the test results while greatly simplifying the layout, installation, and cost of the loading device, solving the problems of large space occupation and difficulty in deploying sensors on the arch dam surface caused by existing scaled-down arch dam model loading devices.

[0034] 2. The present invention has a simple structure, is easy to install and use, and can be assembled at any time or transported as a whole. In addition, it occupies little space, and the surface area occupied by the scaled-down arch dam model is small, which can be used to deploy monitoring sensors. It plays an important role and significance in saving experimental space and improving the efficiency of scaled-down arch dam model tests.

[0035] 3. The present application can carry out static overload test of arch dam and dynamic load test such as pseudo-static (cyclic loading), pseudo-dynamic (simulating earthquake effect with specific spectrum) and so on, greatly filling and solving the vacancy and problems existing in the current arch dam test system.

[0036] 4. The traction plate, multi-stage loading beam and loading head have slidable characteristics, and loads of any size and position can be applied by adjusting the position through sliding. The device overcomes the difficulty of complicated components and inconvenient loading of the existing loading device through simple design.

[0037] 5. The loading block is cast by transparent material such as epoxy resin, so that the arch dam crack evolution process and distribution law in the loading process can be seen through the loading block, which overcomes the defect that the crack evolution process and distribution law after the arch dam is loaded cannot be monitored due to the arrangement of dense opaque loading blocks in the traditional jack loading method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic view of the present application;

[0039] Figure 2 It is a front view of the present application;

[0040] Figure 3 It is a top view of the present application;

[0041] Figure 4 It is an isometric view of the arch dam scale model of the present application;

[0042] Figure 5 It is a front and rear view of the arch dam scale model and loading mechanism of the present application;

[0043] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic view of the first loading part and the second loading part of the present application;

[0044] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic view of the traction plate of the present application;

[0045] Figure 8 It is an isometric view of the multi-stage loading beam of the present application;

[0046] Figure 9 It is a front view of the multi-stage loading beam of the present application;

[0047] Figure 10 It is a comparison diagram of the new type concentrated equivalent loading method and the traditional jack method of the present application;

[0048] Figure 11 It is a comparison diagram of the stress finite element results of the new type concentrated equivalent loading method and the traditional jack method of the present application;

[0049] Figure 12 Figure 2 is a displacement finite element result comparison chart of the new centralized equivalent loading method of the present application and the traditional jack method;

[0050] 1, arch dam scale model; 2, first loading block; 3, first load distribution beam; 4, fixed connection reinforcement; 5, traction plate; 6, multi-stage loading beam; 6.1, first-stage loading beam; 6.2, first-stage fastener; 6.2.1, first steel plate; 6.2.2, second steel plate; 6.3, second-stage fastener; 6.3.1, third steel plate; 6.3.2, fourth steel plate; 6.4, second-stage loading beam; 7, loading head; 8, load sensor; 9, bidirectional tension and compression jack; 10, counterforce wall. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] Example 1

[0052] Reference Figures 1-12 An arch dam scale model centralized equivalent new static and dynamic loading test device, comprising:

[0053] arch dam scale model 1;

[0054] In this embodiment, the arch dam scale model 1 is a whole scale model of an actual water conservancy engineering arch dam structure; the arch dam scale model 1 includes a dam body and dam shoulder bedrocks on both sides; the dam shoulder bedrocks are U-shaped structures, the dam body is located in the grooves of the dam shoulder bedrocks, and the arch ends of the dam body on both sides are connected with the dam shoulder bedrocks; the dam body is a river-crossing structure; an enlarged end is arranged on both sides of the dam body, and a slot matching the enlarged end is formed on the arch shoulder; after the dam body and the dam shoulder are formed, the enlarged ends on both ends of the dam body are inserted into the preset slots of the arch shoulder, and the slot connection is completely sealed as a whole with fine particle concrete.

[0055] counterforce wall 10, the counterforce wall 10 is located on the upstream side of the arch dam scale model 1;

[0056] In this embodiment, the counterforce wall 10 is a reinforced concrete wall.

[0057] loading mechanism, the loading mechanism includes a first loading part and a second loading part, the first loading part and the second loading part are oppositely arranged on the upstream side and the downstream side of the dam body of the arch dam scale model 1, and are used for loading force on the dam body; wherein the first loading part and the second loading part are connected through a fixing part;

[0058] drive mechanism, the drive mechanism is installed on the side of the counterforce wall 10 close to the arch dam scale model 1, and the driving end of the drive mechanism is connected with the first loading part, and is used for driving the loading mechanism to load the dam body.

[0059] Preferably, the first loading part comprises a plurality of first loading blocks 2, a first load distribution beam 3 and a multi-stage loading beam 6; the plurality of first loading blocks 2 are uniformly distributed on the first load distribution beam 3, and the other side of the first load distribution beam 3 is connected with the multi-stage loading beam 6 through a traction plate 5; the side of the first loading block 2 away from the first load distribution beam 3 is provided with a curved surface matched with the upstream side of the dam body and abuts against the upstream side of the dam body;

[0060] The second loading part comprises a second load distribution beam and a plurality of second loading blocks arranged opposite to the first loading blocks; the plurality of second loading blocks are uniformly distributed on the second load distribution beam; the side of the second loading block away from the second load distribution beam is provided with a curved surface matched with the downstream side of the dam body and abuts against the downstream side of the dam body;

[0061] The second load distribution beam is connected with the first load distribution beam through a fixing member;

[0062] The multi-stage loading beam 6 is connected with the driving end of the driving mechanism.

[0063] In the embodiment, the first loading block 2 and the second loading block are made of transparent materials such as epoxy resin; the crack evolution process and distribution law of the arch dam during the loading process are seen through the first loading block 2 and the second loading block, which overcomes the defect that the crack evolution process and distribution law of the arch dam after being loaded cannot be monitored due to the arrangement of dense opaque loading blocks in the traditional jack loading method.

[0064] Preferably, the first load distribution beam 3 comprises a first distribution main plate vertically arranged at the middle of the upstream side of the dam body and a plurality of first distribution connecting plates matched with the first loading blocks; the plurality of first distribution connecting plates are oppositely distributed on both sides of the first distribution main plate and are fixedly connected with the first loading blocks and the multi-stage loading beam respectively;

[0065] The second load distribution beam comprises a second distribution main plate vertically arranged at the middle of the downstream side of the dam body and a plurality of second distribution connecting plates matched with the second loading blocks; the plurality of second distribution connecting plates are oppositely distributed on both sides of the second distribution main plate, and the second distribution connecting plates are fixedly connected with the second loading blocks;

[0066] The first distribution main plate and the second distribution main plate are connected through the fixed connecting steel bars 4.

[0067] In the embodiment, the plurality of first distribution connecting plates are symmetrically distributed relative to the first distribution main plate and are perpendicular to the first distribution main plate;

[0068] The plurality of second distribution connecting plates are symmetrically distributed relative to the second distribution main plate and are perpendicular to the second distribution main plate.

[0069] In the embodiment, as Figure 5As shown, the loading mechanism selects two "Wang" type loading blocks and load distribution beam to clamp the arch dam scale model, and converts the distributed surface load borne by the arch dam into several equivalent line loads.

[0070] In the embodiment, the first distribution main plate is one, the first distribution connecting plate is six, and the first loading block is six; the six first distribution connecting plates are evenly distributed on both sides of the first distribution main plate and are connected with the first loading block respectively;

[0071] The second distribution main plate is one, the second distribution connecting plate is six, and the second loading block is six; the six second distribution connecting plates are evenly distributed on both sides of the second distribution main plate and are connected with the second loading block respectively.

[0072] Preferably, the multi-stage loading beam 6 comprises a first-stage loading beam 6.1, a plurality of first-stage fasteners 6.2, a plurality of second-stage fasteners 6.3, and a second-stage loading beam 6.4; the first-stage loading beam 6.1 and the second-stage loading beam 6.4 are both I-beams; wherein each group of first-stage fasteners 6.2 comprises two first-stage fasteners 6.2, and each group of second-stage fasteners 6.3 comprises two second-stage fasteners 6.3.

[0073] The web on both sides of the first flange of the first-stage loading beam 6.1 is slidably connected with one end of each group of second-stage fasteners 6.3, and the other end of each group of second-stage fasteners 6.3 is slidably connected with the web on both sides of the first flange of the second-stage loading beam 6.4.

[0074] The web on both sides of the second flange of the first-stage loading beam 6.1 is slidably connected with one end of each group of first-stage fasteners 6.2; the first-stage fasteners 6.2 are connected with the first distribution connecting plate through the traction plate 5.

[0075] Preferably, the first-stage loading beam 6.1 is provided with two, the first-stage fastener 6.2 is provided with four groups, the second-stage fastener 6.3 is provided with two groups, and the second-stage loading beam 6.4 is provided with one; the two ends of the two first-stage loading beams 6.1 are fastened and connected; the four groups of first-stage fasteners 6.2 are respectively distributed at the two ends of the second flange of the two first-stage loading beams 6.1; the two groups of second-stage fasteners 6.3 are respectively distributed at the two ends of the first flange of the second-stage loading beam 6.4 and are connected with the first flange of the first-stage loading beam 6.1.

[0076] Preferably, the first-stage fastener 6.2 is an angle steel type structure, and the first-stage fastener comprises a first steel plate 6.2.1 and a second steel plate 6.2.2 arranged vertically; the first steel plate 6.2.1 is provided with two first through holes, the two first through holes are symmetrical along the axis of the first steel plate 6.2.1, and the second steel plate 6.2.2 is provided with a second through hole.

[0077] In the embodiment, the first steel plate 6.2.1 and the second steel plate 6.2.2 are welded together.

[0078] The web plate of the second flange of the primary loading beam 6.4 is provided with a rectangular first hole slot penetrating the depth direction of the flange; a first screw rod penetrates the first through-hole and the first hole slot, and the two ends of the first screw rod are provided with first bolts to fasten the primary loading beam 6.4 and the primary fastener 6.2;

[0079] The traction plate 5 is provided with multiple groups, wherein each group of traction plates 5 includes two traction plates and is oppositely distributed on the first distribution connecting plate; the traction plate 5 includes a C-shaped iron plate and a rectangular iron block with a through hole slot, and the closed end of the C-shaped iron plate is fixedly connected with the rectangular iron block; the opening end of the C-shaped iron plate is connected with the first distribution connecting plate close to one end of the first distribution main plate;

[0080] The primary fastener 6.2 further includes a first horizontal screw rod penetrating the through hole slot of each group of traction plates 5 and the second through hole of each group of primary fasteners 6.2, so as to connect the first distribution connecting plate and the primary loading beam, and the first horizontal screw rod can slide along the sliding groove of the traction plate.

[0081] In this embodiment, the traction plate 5 is provided with three groups, and the first horizontal screw rod is provided with four; the first first horizontal screw rod penetrates the through hole slot of the first group of traction plates 5 and the second through hole of the first group of primary fasteners 6.2; the second first horizontal screw rod penetrates the through hole slot of the second group of traction plates 5 and the second through hole of the second group of primary fasteners 6.2; the third first horizontal screw rod penetrates the through hole slot of the second group of traction plates 5 and the second through hole of the third group of primary fasteners 6.2; and the fourth first horizontal screw rod penetrates the through hole slot of the third group of traction plates 5 and the second through hole of the fourth group of primary fasteners 6.2.

[0082] Preferably, the secondary fastener 6.3 includes a fourth steel plate 6.3.2 and a third steel plate 6.3.1 and a fifth steel plate oppositely arranged on both sides of the fourth steel plate 6.3.2, and the third steel plate 6.3.1, the fourth steel plate 6.3.2 and the fifth steel plate form a door-shaped steel structure;

[0083] In this embodiment, the third steel plate 6.3.1, the fourth steel plate 6.3.2 and the fifth steel plate are welded together.

[0084] The third steel plate 6.3.1 and the fifth steel plate are both provided with two third through holes, the two third through holes are symmetrical along the axis of the third steel plate 6.3.1, and the fourth steel plate 6.3.2 is provided with a fourth through hole;

[0085] The web plate of the first flange of the primary loading beam 6.1 and the web plate of the first flange of the secondary fastener 6.3 are both provided with a rectangular second hole slot penetrating the depth direction of the flange; a second screw rod penetrates the third through hole and the second hole slot, and the two ends of the second screw rod are provided with second bolts to fasten the primary loading beam 6.1, the secondary fastener 6.3 and the secondary loading beam 6.4.

[0086] The secondary fastener 6.2 also includes a second horizontal screw, which passes through the fourth through hole of each set of secondary fasteners 6.3. The two ends of the second horizontal screw are provided with third bolts to fasten the second horizontal screw to the secondary fastener 6.3.

[0087] In this embodiment, there are two second horizontal screws, which pass through the fourth through hole of each set of secondary fasteners 6.3, and third bolts are provided at both ends of the second horizontal screws.

[0088] Preferably, the driving mechanism includes a bidirectional tension-compression jack 9, the fixed end of which is connected to the reaction wall 10, and the output end of which is connected to a loading head 7. The side of the loading head 7 away from the bidirectional tension-compression jack 9 abuts against the second flange of the secondary loading beam 6.4.

[0089] Preferably, the drive mechanism further includes a load sensor 8, which is disposed between the loading head 7 and the bidirectional tension / compression jack 9.

[0090] In this embodiment, a novel static-dynamic loading test device for a scaled-down arch dam model is compared with the traditional jack method. Figure 10 As shown, when the same resultant force is applied to both, the final Mises stress result is as follows: Figure 11 As shown, the displacement results are for example... Figure 12 As shown, from Figure 11 It can be seen that the stress distribution patterns of the two are similar, and the stress magnitude ranges are very close, with an error of 6%; from Figure 12 It can be seen that the displacement distribution patterns of the two are consistent, and the displacement magnitudes are very close, with an error of 3%. In summary, the novel static and dynamic loading test device for a scaled-down arch dam model proposed in this invention can achieve the loading effect of the traditional jack method, while greatly saving the material resources required for loading and freeing up a larger surface area of ​​the arch dam for sensor placement.

[0091] Example 2

[0092] Based on the structure of Example 1, this embodiment provides an equivalent cyclic load for a scaled-down model of an actual high arch dam structure through three concentrated forces. The load distribution beam 3 has three sets of distribution connecting plates. The arch dam shape function is as follows:

[0093] Let the equation of the upstream curve of the arched beam be a cubic curve y with the h coordinate. u (h) cubic curve

[0094] y u (h)=a0+a1h+a2h 2 +a3h 3 ,

[0095] with four control coordinates

[0096] X1=Y u (h1), X2=Y u (h2), X3=Y u (h3), X4=Y u (h4) solve the coefficients.

[0097] In this embodiment, the arch crown beam thickness equation is T(h)=b0+b1h+b2h 2 +b3h 3 , the coefficients are solved by four control point coordinates.

[0098] Finally, the relationship between the characteristic value of the arch crown beam in this example and the elevation is:

[0099]

[0100] In this embodiment, the coordinates of any point (X i , Y i ) on the arch ring beam axis are:

[0101]

[0102] In this embodiment, the intersection of the normal line at any point i on the arch ring axis and the upstream and downstream surfaces is u and d respectively, and the thickness is T m , then the arch ring thickness equation follows the relationship:

[0103] T i =T c +(T l -T c )(S i / S l ) 2

[0104]

[0105] In the formula, y is the distance from the upstream face of the arch crown to the top of the river. h is the vertical distance from the upstream arch crown to the top of the dam. is the angle between the arch ring beam at any point (X i , Y i ) and the y direction of the arch ring beam axis. y u (h) is the coordinate of the upstream face of the arch crown beam along the y direction. Y cu is the y coordinate of the middle surface of the arch ring beam at the arch crown beam. T c (h) is the thickness of the arch crown beam at the vertical distance from the top of the dam h. T ai is the thickness of the arch end (T al is the thickness of the left arch end, T alT i 、S i —i(X i , Y i ) point corresponds to the thickness of the arch ring and the center line arc length (from the arch crown beam).S ai —The corresponding center line arc length at the arch end (S al is the right arch end, S ar is the left arch end).R ci —The corresponding center line curvature radius at the arch end (R cl is the left arch end, R cr is the right arch end).

[0106] In this embodiment, the upstream and downstream curve equations of the arch ring beam are:

[0107]

[0108]

[0109] In this embodiment, the first concentrated force is arranged at a height H1 from the top of the arch dam scale model 1, and the size of the concentrated force at this height is set as

[0110] F1 = ρgH1(R cl (H1) + R cr (H1));

[0111] The first concentrated force is arranged at a height H2 from the top of the arch dam scale model 1, and the size of the concentrated force at this height is set as

[0112] F2 = ρgH2(R cl (H2) + R cr (H2)).

[0113] In this embodiment, the size F3 and the action height H3 of the third concentrated force are determined by the following static equivalent principle:

[0114]

[0115] In the formula, ρ is the density of water, and g is the acceleration of gravity.

[0116] Among them, n concentrated forces provide equivalent cyclic reciprocating loading action for the general arch dam scale model; n can be set according to the actual structure type, form and auxiliary loading tool arrangement characteristics, according to the principle of convenient loading.

[0117] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the technical scope of the present application in any way, so any slight modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the present application still belongs to the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A concentrated equivalent new static and dynamic loading test device for an arch dam scale model, characterized in that, The utility model relates to an arch dam scale model test device, which comprises: an arch dam scale model; a counterforce wall located on the upstream side of the arch dam scale model; a loading mechanism comprising a first loading part and a second loading part, which are oppositely arranged on the upstream side and the downstream side of the dam body of the arch dam scale model to load the dam body with force; wherein the first loading part and the second loading part are connected by a fixing member; a driving mechanism installed on the side of the counterforce wall close to the arch dam scale model, and the driving end of the driving mechanism is connected with the first loading part to drive the loading mechanism to load the dam body; the first loading part comprises a plurality of first loading blocks, a first load distribution beam and a multi-stage loading beam; the plurality of first loading blocks are uniformly distributed on the first load distribution beam, and the other side of the first load distribution beam is connected with the multi-stage loading beam through a traction plate; the side of the first loading block away from the first load distribution beam is provided with a curved surface matching the upstream side of the dam body and abutting against the upstream side of the dam body; the second loading part comprises a second load distribution beam and a plurality of second loading blocks oppositely arranged with the first loading blocks; the plurality of second loading blocks are uniformly distributed on the second load distribution beam; the side of the second loading block away from the second load distribution beam is provided with a curved surface matching the downstream side of the dam body and abutting against the downstream side of the dam body; the second load distribution beam is connected with the first load distribution beam through the fixing member; the multi-stage loading beam is connected with the driving end of the driving mechanism.

2. The concentrated equivalent new static and dynamic loading test device for an arch dam scale model according to claim 1, characterized in that, the first load distribution beam comprises a first distribution main plate vertically arranged at the middle of the upstream side of the dam body and a plurality of first distribution connecting plates matching the first loading blocks; the plurality of first distribution connecting plates are oppositely arranged on the two sides of the first distribution main plate and are fixedly connected with the first loading blocks and the multi-stage loading beam, respectively; the second load distribution beam comprises a second distribution main plate vertically arranged at the middle of the downstream side of the dam body and a plurality of second distribution connecting plates matching the second loading blocks; the plurality of second distribution connecting plates are oppositely arranged on the two sides of the second distribution main plate and are fixedly connected with the second loading blocks; the first distribution main plate and the second distribution main plate are connected through fixed connecting steel bars.

3. The concentrated equivalent new static and dynamic loading test device for an arch dam scale model according to claim 2, characterized in that, the multi-stage loading beam comprises a primary loading beam, a plurality of groups of primary fasteners, a plurality of groups of secondary fasteners and a secondary loading beam; the primary loading beam and the secondary loading beam are both I-beams; wherein each group of primary fasteners comprises two primary fasteners, and each group of secondary fasteners comprises two secondary fasteners; the two sides of the web of the first flange of the primary loading beam are slidably connected with one end of each group of secondary fasteners, and the other end of each group of secondary fasteners is slidably connected with the two sides of the web of the first flange of the secondary loading beam; the two sides of the web of the second flange of the primary loading beam are slidably connected with one end of each group of primary fasteners; the primary fasteners are connected with the first distribution connecting plates through a traction plate.

4. The concentrated equivalent new static and dynamic loading test device for an arch dam scale model according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first level loading beam is provided with 2, the first level fastener is provided with 4 groups, the second level fastener is provided with 2 groups, and the second level loading beam is provided with 1;Two ends of the two first level loading beams are fastened and connected;The four groups of first level fasteners are respectively distributed on the two ends of the second wing of the two first level loading beams;The two groups of second level fasteners are respectively distributed on the two ends of the first wing of the second level loading beam and are connected with the first wing of the first level loading beam.

5. The concentrated equivalent new static and dynamic loading test device for an arch dam scale model according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first level fastener is an angle steel structure, which comprises a first steel plate and a second steel plate arranged vertically;Two first through holes are formed in the first steel plate, and the two first through holes are symmetrical along the axis of the first steel plate;The second steel plate is provided with a second through hole; The second wing of the first level loading beam is provided with a rectangular first hole slot on both sides of the web, a first screw rod passes through the first through hole and the first hole slot, and first bolts are arranged at both ends of the first screw rod to fasten and connect the first level loading beam and the first level fastener; The traction plate is provided with multiple groups, wherein each group of traction plates comprises two traction plates and is oppositely distributed on the first distribution connecting plate;The traction plate comprises a C-shaped iron plate and a rectangular iron block with a through hole slot, the closed end of the C-shaped iron plate is fixedly connected with the rectangular iron block, and the open end of the C-shaped iron plate is connected with one end of the first distribution connecting plate close to the first distribution main plate; It also includes a first horizontal screw rod, which respectively passes through the through hole slot of each group of traction plates and the second through hole of each group of first level fasteners, so that the first distribution connecting plate is connected with the first level loading beam, and the first horizontal screw rod can slide along the sliding groove of the traction plate.

6. The concentrated equivalent new static and dynamic loading test device for an arch dam scale model according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second level fastener comprises a fourth steel plate and third and fifth steel plates oppositely arranged on both sides of the fourth steel plate, and the third, fourth and fifth steel plates form a door-shaped steel structure; Two third through holes are formed in the third and fifth steel plates, and the two third through holes are symmetrical along the axis of the third steel plate;The fourth steel plate is provided with a fourth through hole; The second wing of the first level loading beam is provided with a rectangular second hole slot on both sides of the web, a second screw rod passes through the third through hole and the second hole slot, and second bolts are arranged at both ends of the second screw rod to fasten and connect the first level loading beam, the second level fastener and the second level loading beam; It also includes a second horizontal screw rod, which passes through the fourth through hole of each group of second level fasteners, and third bolts are arranged at both ends of the second horizontal screw rod to fasten and connect the second horizontal screw rod and the second level fastener.

7. The concentrated equivalent new static and dynamic loading test device for an arch dam scale model according to claim 3, characterized in that, The driving mechanism comprises a bidirectional pull and pressure jack, the fixed end of the bidirectional pull and pressure jack is connected with the counterforce wall, the output end of the bidirectional pull and pressure jack is provided with a loading head, and the side of the loading head away from the bidirectional pull and pressure jack abuts against the second wing of the second level loading beam.

8. The concentrated equivalent new static and dynamic loading test device for an arch dam scale model according to claim 7, characterized in that, The load sensor is arranged between the loading head and the bidirectional tension-compression jack. The load sensor is arranged between the loading head and the bidirectional tension-compression jack.

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