Layered sampling device for shallow lake water quality detection and method of using the same

Abstract

This invention relates to a stratified sampling device and its method for water quality testing in shallow lakes. The device includes a piston cylinder, a sampling component, a first annular shell, a second annular shell, an adjusting cylinder, an air outlet component, and an automatic drainage component. Multiple sets of delivery pipes are fixedly connected to the bottom of the piston cylinder, and a first solenoid valve is fixedly connected to each delivery pipe. A sampling cylinder is fixedly connected to one end of each delivery pipe. The sampling component is located inside the piston cylinder. This invention allows the device to submerge in the lake by injecting water into the adjusting cylinder in the initial state, thus reaching various depths and completing sampling at different depths in the lake. Furthermore, the sampled water can be stored sequentially in each sampling cylinder, independently and without interference, ensuring that the water samples taken for testing are representative.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of sampling devices, in particular to a layered sampling device for shallow lake water quality detection and a use method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Shallow lake and river water quality detection is a unified, timed or untimed detection of chemical substances, suspended solids, bottom mud and aquatic ecosystems in water, and water quality detection plays an important role in maintaining water environmental health.

[0003] Through the exploration of the inventor, in the prior art, when water quality detection sampling is performed on a shallow lake or river, the sampling device is composed of a traction line and a sampling cup;

[0004] When sampling, the sampling cup is first placed on the water surface by the traction line until the sampling cup is filled with water, then the traction line is pulled to lift the sampling cup, and water sampling is completed.

[0005] Through exploration and analysis, the existing technology has the following disadvantages when water quality sampling is performed:

[0006] Mostly only water samples from the surface layer of the water body can be taken, and water samples from different depths cannot be taken, so the water samples taken are not representative; even if the sampling cup is submerged to the deep part of the lake, it will be filled when it is at the surface of the water body, so multiple layers of water samples cannot be taken.

[0007] In view of the above problems, the present application proposes a layered sampling device for shallow lake water quality detection and a use method thereof. SUMMARY

[0008] The present application aims to provide a layered sampling device for shallow lake water quality detection and a use method thereof to solve the problem that in the prior art, mostly only water samples from the surface layer of the water body can be taken, and water samples from different depths cannot be taken, so the water samples taken are not representative.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a stratified sampling device for water quality testing in shallow lakes, comprising a piston cylinder, a sampling component, an annular shell one, an annular shell two, an adjusting cylinder, an air outlet component, and an automatic drainage component. Multiple sets of delivery pipes are fixedly connected to the bottom circumference of the piston cylinder. A first solenoid valve is fixedly connected to each delivery pipe. A sampling cylinder is fixedly connected to one end of each delivery pipe. The sampling component is disposed inside the piston cylinder and is used to draw water into the piston cylinder and then extrude it into the sampling cylinder. The annular shell one is sleeved on the outside of the piston cylinder via a connecting rod and is connected to the adjusting cylinder. The plug is fixedly connected. A partition is fixedly connected inside the annular shell one, which divides the annular shell one into upper and lower cavities. The annular shell two is detachably fixedly connected to the annular shell one. Multiple sets of fixing tubes are fixedly installed on the annular shell two. Airbags are fixedly connected to the fixing tubes. The regulating cylinder is fixedly connected to the outside of the annular shell one. The air outlet component is located inside the annular shell one. The air outlet component can generate gas, causing the airbag to inflate. The automatic drainage component is located at one end of the regulating cylinder. When the airbag inflates and touches the automatic drainage component, the automatic drainage component drains the water in the regulating cylinder.

[0010] In order to enable sampling, the preferred method is...

[0011] The sampling component includes a second cylinder fixedly connected inside the piston cylinder, a piston block fixedly connected to the piston rod of the second cylinder, and a one-way valve fixedly connected to the bottom end of the piston cylinder.

[0012] In order to generate hydrogen, more preferably, the gas outlet component includes calcium powder disposed on the partition plate, a conveying trough disposed in the annular housing, multiple sets of first cylinders fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular housing, and an annular piston plate fixedly connected to the piston rod of the first cylinder. The space below the partition plate in the annular housing is filled with pure water. The conveying trough connects the upper and lower cavities in the annular housing and a second solenoid valve is fixedly connected in the conveying trough.

[0013] To increase buoyancy, more preferably, the automatic drainage component includes a fixed frame fixedly connected to the adjusting cylinder, an iron plate rotatably mounted on the fixed frame, an elastic bladder fixedly connected to one end of the iron plate, a pressure sensor fixedly connected inside the elastic bladder, a third cylinder fixedly connected inside the adjusting cylinder, and a push plate fixedly connected inside the third cylinder. A third solenoid valve is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the adjusting cylinder. A controller is also fixedly installed on the outside of the annular housing. The pressure sensor and the third cylinder are electrically connected to the controller. A hinge seat is fixedly connected to the fixed frame, and the iron plate is rotatably connected to the hinge seat.

[0014] For better adsorption of the iron sheet, an electromagnet is fixedly connected to the outside of the second annular shell, and a temperature sensor is fixedly installed on the partition. Both the electromagnet and the temperature sensor are electrically connected to the controller.

[0015] More preferably, to release this device, a guide tube is also included, in which a pull rope is provided. One end of the pull rope is fixedly connected to the piston cylinder, and the other end of the pull rope is fixedly connected to a handle. The pull rope is provided with scale lines.

[0016] For ease of assembly and disassembly, and more preferably, both the top end of the first annular housing and the bottom end of the second annular housing are fixedly connected to a convex plate, and the two convex plates are fixedly connected by a U-shaped plate. The U-shaped plate is threaded with a fixing bolt, and a water inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the outside of the first annular housing.

[0017] More preferably, the adjusting cylinder is fixedly connected to the outside of the annular housing II via a fixing rod.

[0018] More preferably, a valve is fixedly connected to one end of the sampling tube.

[0019] More preferably, the method includes the following steps:

[0020] S1: Hold the guide tube and place the piston cylinder on the lake. Since the regulating cylinder is filled with water and the air bladder is deflated in the initial state, the piston cylinder will drive the regulating cylinder to sink into the lake under gravity. As the pull rope is continuously released, the depth of the device sinking into the lake can be observed through the scale on the pull rope.

[0021] S2: When the first set depth is reached, pull the rope to prevent the device from sinking further. Then, control the second cylinder to open. The second cylinder drives the piston block to slide upward. Under the action of the one-way valve, the water in the lake can be pumped into the piston cylinder.

[0022] S3: Then open any one of the first solenoid valves on the four delivery pipes, and start the second cylinder to move downwards, so that the piston block squeezes the sampled water into the delivery pipe, and then it enters the sampling cylinder for storage. After completion, control the first solenoid valve to close.

[0023] S4: Then release the rope again, allowing the device to sink into the lake once more;

[0024] S5: When the second set depth, the third set depth and the fourth set depth are reached respectively, the same steps S2-S3 above are performed to allow the sampled water to be stored in the other three sampling tubes in sequence.

[0025] S6: When it is necessary to float out of this device, firstly start the first cylinder to work. The first cylinder pushes the pure water into the conveying tank through the annular piston plate. Then, open the second solenoid valve so that the pure water can enter the partition plate and react with the calcium powder. The reaction equation is as follows: Ca + 2H2O = Ca(OH)2↓ + H2↑. Therefore, a large amount of hydrogen gas can be generated. Then, the hydrogen gas enters the air bag through the fixed tube, thereby causing the air bag to open. At the same time, the heat generated by the reaction can also be detected by the temperature sensor. After the temperature sensor detects the heat, it transmits the signal to the controller. The controller cuts off the power to the electromagnet, so it no longer adsorbs the iron sheet.

[0026] S7: After the airbag is inflated, it will expand and then come into contact with the iron plate. After the iron plate is contacted, it will rotate upward. The other end of the iron plate will drive the elastic bladder to contact the fixed frame, so that the pressure sensor inside the elastic bladder is contacted by the fixed frame. After the pressure sensor transmits the signal to the controller, the controller will automatically activate the third cylinder and the third solenoid valve. The third cylinder drives the push plate to slide, and the push plate pushes the water in the regulating cylinder into the lake through the third solenoid valve, thereby reducing the weight of the equipment.

[0027] S8: Then, under the buoyancy of the regulating cylinder and the airbag, the device floats up from the depths of the lake without the need for manual pulling;

[0028] S9: After bringing this equipment to the shore, separate the annular shell one and the annular shell two, and clean up the calcium hydroxide;

[0029] S10: Then open the valves on the four sampling tubes in sequence to take out water samples from different depths, and then carry out subsequent testing.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] 1. This invention allows the device to be submerged in a lake by injecting water into the regulating cylinder in the initial state, thereby reaching various depths and completing sampling at different depths in the lake. Furthermore, the sampled water can be stored sequentially in each sampling cylinder, without affecting each other, ensuring that the water samples taken for testing are representative.

[0032] 2. In this invention, when it is necessary to float the device, a large amount of hydrogen gas is generated by the reaction of pure water and calcium powder. Then, the hydrogen gas enters the air bladder through the fixed tube, thereby causing the air bladder to open and increasing buoyancy, so that the device can automatically float in the lake.

[0033] 3. In this invention, after the airbag is opened, it will expand and then come into contact with the iron plate. After the iron plate is contacted, the pressure sensor inside the elastic bladder will be contacted by the fixing frame. Then the controller will automatically activate the third cylinder and the third solenoid valve, so that the push plate will push the water in the regulating cylinder into the lake through the third solenoid valve, thereby reducing the weight of the device. In addition, the hollow regulating cylinder will accelerate the floating of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the regulating cylinder in this invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the annular shell in this invention;

[0038] Figure 5 for Figure 4 An enlarged structural diagram of region A in the middle;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the piston cylinder in this invention;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the regulating cylinder in this invention;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the iron sheet after it is pressed against by the airbag in this invention;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the iron sheet in this invention after it is not touched by the airbag;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the elastic bladder in this invention;

[0044] Figure 11 This is a block diagram of the control structure of the controller in this invention.

[0045] In the attached diagram, the following are the reference numerals: 1. Guide tube; 2. Pull rope; 3. Handle; 4. Piston cylinder; 5. Connecting rod; 6. Annular shell one; 7. Annular shell two; 8. Protruding plate; 9. Airbag; 10. Fixing tube; 11. Sampling cylinder; 12. Adjusting cylinder; 13. Fixing rod; 14. Fixing frame; 15. Iron sheet; 16. Electromagnet; 17. Delivery pipe; 18. First solenoid valve; 19. Valve; 20. Hinge seat; 21. Elastic bladder; 22. Pressure sensor; 23. Calcium powder; 24. Pure water; 25. First cylinder; 26. Annular piston plate; 27. Delivery trough; 28. Second solenoid valve; 29. ​​Temperature sensor; 30. Second cylinder; 31. Piston block; 32. One-way valve; 33. Third cylinder; 34. Push plate; 35. Third solenoid valve; 36. Controller; 37. U-shaped plate; 38. Partition plate; 39. Water inlet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0047] Please see Figures 1-11 A stratified sampling device for water quality testing in shallow lakes includes a piston cylinder 4, a sampling component, an annular shell 6, an annular shell 7, an regulating cylinder 12, an air outlet component, and an automatic drainage component.

[0048] In this application, multiple sets of delivery pipes 17 are fixedly connected around the bottom of the piston cylinder 4. The function of the delivery pipes 17 is to deliver the sampled water into the sampling tube. Therefore, a first solenoid valve 18 is fixedly connected to the delivery pipe 17. The first solenoid valve 18 is set to facilitate the control of the opening and closing of the delivery pipe 17. Since there are a total of four sampling tubes, the opening of the first solenoid valve 18 is controlled by each tube, enabling sampling at four levels. A sampling tube 11 is fixedly connected to one end of each delivery pipe 17. The sampling tube is used to store the sampled water for subsequent testing. Therefore, a valve 19 is fixedly connected to one end of the sampling tube 11. By opening the valve 19, the water in the sampling tube 11 can be discharged.

[0049] To enable those skilled in the art to further understand the technical solution, in this application,

[0050] The sampling component is installed inside the piston cylinder 4 and is used to draw water into the piston cylinder 4 and then squeeze it out and deliver it into the sampling cylinder 11.

[0051] It should be specifically explained that the sampling component includes a second cylinder 30 fixedly connected inside the piston cylinder 4, a piston block 31 fixedly connected to the piston rod of the second cylinder 30, and a one-way valve 32 fixedly connected to the bottom of the piston cylinder 4. The second cylinder 30 is used to drive the piston block 31 to slide back and forth. When the piston block 31 slides upward, it can draw water from the outside into the piston cylinder 4 under the action of the one-way valve 32. When the piston block 31 slides downward, it can squeeze the sampled water into one of the sampling cylinders for storage. The one-way valve 32 is used to ensure that water from the outside can only enter the piston cylinder 4.

[0052] Furthermore,

[0053] The annular shell 6 is sleeved on the outside of the piston cylinder 4 via a connecting rod 5. The two ends of the connecting rod 5 are fixedly connected to the annular shell 6 and the piston cylinder 4 respectively. In this application, a partition 38 is fixedly connected inside the annular shell 6, which divides the annular shell 6 into upper and lower cavities. The annular shell 7 is detachably fixedly connected to the annular shell 6. Multiple sets of fixing tubes 10 are fixedly installed on the annular shell 7. An airbag 9 is fixedly connected to the fixing tube 10. The airbag 9 is made of rubber or other elastic materials, similar to a balloon. It can be inflated and opened. The airbag 9 is used to fill with hydrogen and then open, so that the device floats on the water surface.

[0054] The specific explanation is as follows:

[0055] A protruding plate 8 is fixedly connected to the top of the annular shell 6 and the bottom of the annular shell 7. The two protruding plates 8 are fixedly connected by a U-shaped plate 37. A fixing bolt is threaded on the U-shaped plate 37, so that the annular shell 6 and the annular shell 7 can be detached and installed, which is convenient for subsequent replacement of calcium powder 23. A water inlet pipe 39 is fixedly connected to the outside of the annular shell 6. A manual valve is fixedly installed on the water inlet pipe 39. The water inlet pipe 39 is used to add water into the annular shell 6.

[0056] It needs to be explained in detail that:

[0057] The regulating cylinder 12 is fixedly connected to the outside of the annular shell 6. The regulating cylinder 12 is fixedly connected to the outside of the annular shell 7 via the fixing rod 13. In the initial state, the regulating cylinder 12 is filled with water to increase its weight so that the device can sink into the lake.

[0058] To enable those skilled in the art to further understand the technical solution, in this application,

[0059] The air outlet component is located inside the annular housing 6. The air outlet component can generate gas, causing the airbag 9 to inflate.

[0060] Specifically, the air outlet component includes calcium powder 23 disposed on the partition plate 38, a conveying trough 27 disposed in the annular housing 6, multiple sets of first cylinders 25 fixedly connected to the bottom end of the annular housing, and an annular piston plate 26 fixedly connected to the piston rod of the first cylinder 25.

[0061] Pure water 24 is filled below the partition 38 inside the annular shell 6. The conveying trough 27 connects the upper and lower cavities inside the annular shell 6. A second solenoid valve 28 is fixedly connected inside the conveying trough 27. In order to increase buoyancy and float out of the device, the first cylinder 25 pushes the pure water 24 into the conveying trough 27 through the annular piston plate 26. Then the second solenoid valve 28 is opened, and the pure water 24 can enter the partition 38 and react with calcium powder 23. The reaction equation is as follows: Ca + 2H2O = Ca(OH)2↓ + H2↑.

[0062] Therefore, it can generate a large amount of hydrogen gas, which then enters the airbag 9 through the fixed tube 10, causing the airbag 9 to open and increasing the buoyancy of the device, making it easier for the device to float from the lake.

[0063] To enable those skilled in the art to further understand the technical solution, in this application,

[0064] An automatic drainage component is located at one end of the regulating cylinder 12. When the airbag 9 inflates and comes into contact with the automatic drainage component, the automatic drainage component will drain the water in the regulating cylinder 12.

[0065] It needs to be explained in detail that:

[0066] The automatic drainage component includes a fixed frame 14 fixedly connected to the regulating cylinder 12, an iron plate 15 rotatably mounted on the fixed frame 14, an elastic bladder 21 fixedly connected to one end of the iron plate 15, a pressure sensor 22 fixedly connected inside the elastic bladder 21, a third cylinder 33 fixedly connected inside the regulating cylinder 12, and a push plate 34 fixedly connected inside the third cylinder 33. The pressure sensor 22 is a DYLY-103 weight sensor. The controller 36 can be an AT89S52 microcontroller. The power in this device is provided by a lithium battery fixedly installed outside the annular housing 6. A waterproof housing is fixedly installed outside the annular housing 6, and the lithium battery and the controller 36 are both fixedly installed inside the waterproof housing.

[0067] A third solenoid valve 35 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the regulating cylinder 12. A controller 36 is also fixedly installed on the outside of the annular housing 6. The pressure sensor 22 and the third cylinder 33 are electrically connected to the controller 36. A hinge seat 20 is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket 14. The iron plate 15 is rotatably connected to the hinge seat 20. When the air bladder 9 opens, it expands and then contacts the iron plate 15. After being contacted, the iron plate 15 rotates upward, and the other end of the iron plate 15 drives the elastic bladder 21 to contact the mounting bracket 14. This causes the pressure sensor 22 inside the elastic bladder 21 to be contacted by the mounting bracket 14. After the pressure sensor 22 transmits a signal to the controller 36, the controller 36 determines that the set value has been reached. The controller 36 then automatically activates the third cylinder 33 and the third solenoid valve 35. The third cylinder 33 drives the push plate 34 to slide, and the push plate 34 pushes the water in the regulating cylinder 12 into the lake through the third solenoid valve 35, thereby reducing the weight of the equipment.

[0068] As a preferred option,

[0069] An electromagnet 16 is fixedly connected to the outside of the annular shell 7, and a temperature sensor 29 is fixedly installed on the partition 38. Both the electromagnet 16 and the temperature sensor 29 are electrically connected to the controller 36. The temperature sensor 29 is model WZP001. In the initial state, in order to ensure that the iron sheet 15 does not shake, the electromagnet 16 is energized and attracts the iron sheet 15. After the pure water 24 reacts with the calcium powder 23, a large amount of heat is generated. The heat generated by the reaction can also be detected by the temperature sensor 29. After the temperature sensor 29 detects the heat, it transmits the signal to the controller 36. The controller 36 de-energizes the electromagnet 16, so it no longer attracts the iron sheet 15, which facilitates the subsequent opening and contact of the airbag 9.

[0070] Furthermore, this device also includes a guide tube 1, inside which is a pull rope 2. One end of the pull rope 2 is fixedly connected to the piston cylinder 4, and the other end of the pull rope 2 is fixedly connected to a handle 3. The pull rope 2 has scale lines. Hold the guide tube 1 and then place the piston cylinder 4 on the lake. The piston cylinder 4 drives the adjusting cylinder 12 to sink into the lake. As the pull rope 2 is continuously released, the depth of the device sinking into the lake can be observed through the scale on the pull rope 2.

[0071] The method for using a stratified sampling device for shallow lake water quality testing is as follows, specifically including the following steps:

[0072] S1: Hold the guide tube 1 and place the piston cylinder 4 on the lake. Since the regulating cylinder 12 is filled with water in the initial state and the air bag 9 is deflated, the piston cylinder 4 will drive the regulating cylinder 12 to sink into the lake under gravity. As the pull rope 2 is continuously released, the depth of the device sinking into the lake can be observed through the scale on the pull rope 2.

[0073] S2: When the first set depth is reached, pull the rope 2 to prevent the device from sinking further. Then, control the opening of the second cylinder 30. The second cylinder 30 drives the piston block 31 to slide upward. Under the action of the one-way valve 32, the water in the lake can be pumped into the piston cylinder 4.

[0074] S3: Then open any one of the first solenoid valves 18 on the four delivery pipes 17, and start the second cylinder 30 to move downwards, so that the piston block 31 squeezes the sampled water into the delivery pipe 17, and then it enters the sampling cylinder for storage. After completion, control the first solenoid valve 18 to close.

[0075] S4: Then release rope 2 again, allowing the device to sink into the lake once more;

[0076] S5: When the second set depth, the third set depth and the fourth set depth are reached respectively, the same steps S2-S3 above are performed to allow the sampled water to be stored in the other three sampling tubes in sequence.

[0077] S6: When it is necessary to float out of this device, firstly start the first cylinder 25 to work. The first cylinder 25 pushes the pure water 24 into the conveying tank 27 through the annular piston plate 26. Then open the second solenoid valve 28, and the pure water 24 can enter the partition plate 38 and react with the calcium powder 23. The reaction equation is as follows: Ca + 2H2O = Ca(OH)2↓ + H2↑. Therefore, a large amount of hydrogen gas can be generated. Then the hydrogen gas enters the air bag 9 through the fixed tube 10, thereby causing the air bag 9 to open. At the same time, the heat generated by the reaction can also be detected by the temperature sensor 29. After the temperature sensor 29 detects it, it transmits the signal to the controller 36. The controller 36 cuts off the power to the electromagnet 16, so it no longer adsorbs the iron sheet 15.

[0078] S7: After the airbag 9 opens, it will expand and then come into contact with the iron plate 15. After the iron plate 15 is contacted, it will rotate upward. The other end of the iron plate 15 will drive the elastic bladder 21 to contact the fixed frame 14, so that the pressure sensor 22 inside the elastic bladder 21 is contacted by the fixed frame 14. After the pressure sensor 22 transmits the signal to the controller 36, the controller 36 automatically starts the third cylinder 33 and the third solenoid valve 35. The third cylinder 33 drives the push plate 34 to slide. The push plate 34 pushes the water in the regulating cylinder 12 into the lake through the third solenoid valve 35, thereby reducing the weight of the equipment.

[0079] S8: Then, under the buoyancy of the regulating cylinder 12 and the airbag 9, the device floats up from the depths of the lake without the need for manual pulling;

[0080] S9: After bringing this equipment to the shore, separate the annular shell 1 (6) and the annular shell 2 (7) and clean up the calcium hydroxide.

[0081] S10: Then open the valves 19 on the four sampling tubes in sequence to take out water samples of different depths, and then carry out subsequent testing.

[0082] All standard parts used in this invention can be purchased commercially, and irregularly shaped parts can be customized according to the description and drawings. The specific connection methods for each part all employ conventional methods such as bolts, rivets, and welding, which are mature technologies in the prior art. The machinery, parts, and equipment all use conventional models from the prior art, and the circuit connections also employ conventional connection methods from the prior art, which will not be detailed here. Content not described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0083] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A layered sampling device for shallow lake water quality detection, characterized in that: Comprising A piston cylinder (4), the bottom end of the piston cylinder (4) is fixedly connected with a plurality of groups of delivery pipes (17), the delivery pipes (17) are fixedly connected with first electromagnetic valves (18), one end of the delivery pipes (17) are fixedly connected with sampling cylinders (11); A sampling component is arranged in the piston cylinder (4), which is used for pumping water into the piston cylinder (4), and then extruding and delivering into the sampling cylinder (11); An annular shell one (6) is sleeved on the outside of the piston cylinder (4) through a connecting rod (5), and is fixedly connected with the piston cylinder (4), a partition plate (38) is fixedly connected in the annular shell one (6), the partition plate (38) divides the annular shell one (6) into two cavities; An annular shell two (7) is detachably fixedly connected on the annular shell one (6), a plurality of groups of fixed pipes (10) are fixedly installed on the annular shell two (7), air bags (9) are fixedly connected on the fixed pipes (10); An adjusting cylinder (12) is fixedly connected on the outside of the annular shell one (6); An air outlet component is arranged in the annular shell one (6), which can generate gas to make the air bag (9) expand; An automatic drainage component is arranged at one end of the adjusting cylinder (12), when the air bag (9) expands and touches the automatic drainage component, the automatic drainage component drains the water in the adjusting cylinder (12); The air outlet component comprises calcium powder (23) arranged on the partition plate (38), a delivery groove (27) arranged in the annular shell one (6), a plurality of groups of first air cylinders (25) fixedly connected at the bottom end of the annular shell, and an annular piston plate (26) fixedly connected on the piston rod of the first air cylinder (25), pure water (24) is filled below the corresponding partition plate (38) in the annular shell one (6), the delivery groove (27) penetrates the upper and lower cavities in the annular shell one (6), and a second electromagnetic valve (28) is fixedly connected in the delivery groove (27); The automatic drainage component comprises a fixed frame (14) fixedly connected on the adjusting cylinder (12), an iron sheet (15) rotatably installed on the fixed frame (14), an elastic bag (21) fixedly connected at one end of the iron sheet (15), a pressure sensor (22) fixedly connected in the elastic bag (21), a third air cylinder (33) fixedly connected in the adjusting cylinder (12), and a push plate (34) fixedly connected in the third air cylinder (33), a third electromagnetic valve (35) is fixedly connected at the bottom end of the adjusting cylinder (12), a controller (36) is further fixedly installed on the outside of the annular shell one (6), the pressure sensor (22) and the third air cylinder (33) are electrically connected with the controller (36), a hinged seat (20) is fixedly connected on the fixed frame (14), and the iron sheet (15) is rotatably connected with the hinged seat (20).

2. The layered sampling device for shallow lake water quality detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling component includes a second cylinder (30) fixedly connected in the piston cylinder (4), a piston block (31) fixedly connected on a piston rod of the second cylinder (30), and a one-way valve (32) fixedly connected at a bottom end of the piston cylinder (4).

3. The layered sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The annular shell two (7) is externally fixedly connected with an electromagnet (16), the partition plate (38) is fixedly installed with a temperature sensor (29), and the electromagnet (16) and the temperature sensor (29) are electrically connected with the controller (36).

4. The layered sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes according to claim 3, characterized in that: Further comprising a guide pipe (1), the guide pipe (1) is provided with a pull rope (2), one end of the pull rope (2) is fixedly connected with the piston cylinder (4), the other end of the pull rope (2) is fixedly connected with a handle (3), and the pull rope (2) is provided with a scale line.

5. The layered sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top end of the annular shell one (6) and the bottom end of the annular shell two (7) are fixedly connected with a lug plate (8), the two lug plates (8) are fixedly clamped through a U-shaped plate (37), the U-shaped plate (37) is screw-installed with a fixing bolt, and the annular shell one (6) is externally fixedly connected with a water inlet pipe (39).

6. The layered sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The adjusting cylinder (12) is fixedly connected with the outside of the annular shell two (7) through a fixing rod (13).

7. The layered sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes according to claim 6, characterized in that: One end of the sampling cylinder (11) is fixedly connected with a valve (19).

8. The method of using the stratified sampling device for water quality detection in shallow lakes as claimed in claim 7, wherein: Specifically comprising the following steps: S1: holding the guide pipe (1), then placing the piston cylinder (4) on the lake, because in the initial state, the adjusting cylinder (12) is filled with water, and the air bag (9) is in a deflated state, so under the action of gravity, the piston cylinder (4) drives the adjusting cylinder (12) to sink into the lake, and as the pull rope (2) is continuously released, the depth of the device sinking into the lake can be observed through the scale on the pull rope (2); S2: when reaching the first set depth, pull the pull rope (2), so that the device does not sink further, then control the second cylinder (30) to be opened, the second cylinder (30) drives the piston block (31) to slide upwards, and under the action of the one-way valve (32), water in the lake can be pumped into the piston cylinder (4); S3: then open any one of the four delivery pipes (17) first electromagnetic valve (18), and start the second cylinder (30) to move downwards, so that the piston block (31) squeezes the sampled water into the delivery pipe (17), and then into the sampling cylinder for storage, and after completion, the first electromagnetic valve (18) can be closed; S4: then release the pull rope (2) again, so that the device sinks into the lake again; S5: when reaching the second set depth, the third set depth and the fourth set depth respectively, the same steps S2-S3 are operated, so that the sampled water is sequentially stored in the other three sampling cylinders for storage. S6: When the device needs to float, first start the first cylinder (25) to work, the first cylinder (25) pushes the pure water (24) into the conveying groove (27) through the annular piston plate (26), then opens the second electromagnetic valve (28), the pure water (24) can enter the partition plate (38), then reacts with calcium powder (23), the reaction equation is as follows: Ca+2H2O=Ca(OH)2↓+H2↑, so a large amount of hydrogen gas can be generated, then the hydrogen gas enters the air bag (9) through the fixed pipe (10), so that the air bag (9) is opened, and the heat generated by the reaction can also be detected by the temperature sensor (29), the temperature sensor (29) detects the signal and transmits it to the controller (36), the controller (36) deenergizes the electromagnet (16), so the iron sheet (15) is no longer adsorbed; S7: After the air bag (9) is opened, it will expand and expand, and then it will touch the iron sheet (15), the iron sheet (15) will rotate upward after being touched, and the other end of the iron sheet (15) will drive the elastic bag (21) to touch the fixed frame (14), so that the pressure sensor (22) in the elastic bag (21) is touched by the fixed frame (14), the pressure sensor (22) transmits the signal to the controller (36), and the controller (36) automatically opens the third cylinder (33) and the third electromagnetic valve (35) to work, the third cylinder (33) drives the push plate (34) to slide, the push plate (34) pushes the water in the adjusting cylinder (12) out to the lake through the third electromagnetic valve (35), so as to reduce the weight of the device; S8: Then under the buoyancy of the adjusting cylinder (12) and the air bag (9), the device floats up from the deep of the lake without manual pulling; S9: After the device is fished to the shore, separate the annular shell one (6) and the annular shell two (7), and clean the calcium hydroxide; S10: Then open the valves (19) on the four sampling cylinders in turn, take out the water samples at different water depths, and then perform subsequent detection.

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