A soil health management method to alleviate vegetable cropping obstacles
By employing methods such as deep plowing, applying hypochlorous acid solution and microbial agents, planting companion crops, mulching, and applying organic fertilizer, the problems of soil acidification and salt accumulation in vegetable cultivation have been solved, soil health has been improved, soil nutrient utilization and microbial diversity have been increased, and healthy vegetable growth has been promoted.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202310824928.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-07-06
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-16
- Estimated Expiration
- 2043-07-06
AI Technical Summary
Improper fertilization and irrigation during vegetable cultivation can lead to soil acidification, salt accumulation, and nutrient imbalance, resulting in serious soil health problems and pests and diseases, which in turn affect vegetable growth.
Before planting, the soil is deeply tilled and sprayed with hypochlorous acid solution or oxygenated water. Organic base fertilizer and microbial agents are then applied, and associated crops are planted. After planting, the soil is shallowly tilled, irrigated, and ferrous sulfate is applied. The soil is then covered with mulch and organic fertilizer and microbial agents are applied. The microbial agents decompose the organic fertilizer, improving soil structure and microbial diversity.
It improves soil physical and chemical properties, increases soil nutrient utilization, reduces soil compaction and harmful bacteria, promotes healthy vegetable growth, enhances soil fertility and microbial diversity, and reduces pests and diseases.
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Figure CN116830847B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of vegetable continuous cropping technology, and in particular to a soil health management method for alleviating obstacles to continuous cropping of vegetables. Background Technology
[0002] Since the beginning of the new century, my country's crop variety breeding level, improved seed supply capacity, and seed industry strength have been significantly enhanced, making important contributions to continuous increases in grain production and sustained increases in farmers' income.
[0003] In vegetable cultivation, growers often lack understanding of the nutrient requirements of vegetables and the basic fertility of the soil. Relying on experience, they easily overuse organic and chemical fertilizers, leading to excessive fertilization, soil acidification, and nutrient imbalance. Secondly, frequent irrigation, mostly applied only to the shallow tillage layer, further contributes to the accumulation of soil salts in this layer, causing secondary salinization. Thirdly, vegetables only absorb the nutrients they need for growth; excessive use of organic and inorganic fertilizers disrupts the soil's nutrient balance, fostering the proliferation of pests and diseases, while reducing the number of beneficial microorganisms and inhibiting nutrient conversion and decomposition.
[0004] Therefore, those skilled in the art are dedicated to developing a soil health management method to alleviate the obstacles of continuous cropping in vegetable cultivation, improve soil physicochemical properties, and increase soil nutrients. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a soil health management method to alleviate the obstacles of continuous cropping in vegetable planting, improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase soil nutrients, increase soil microbial diversity, and improve soil microhabitat.
[0006] The technical solution of this invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A soil health management method for alleviating the obstacles of continuous cropping in vegetable planting, comprising the following steps:
[0007] S1. Deep tillage before planting: Spray hypochlorous acid solution or oxygen water on the surface of the soil to be planted, then spread organic base fertilizer and deep till the soil.
[0008] S2. Apply microbial agents: Apply microbial agents to the surface of deeply tilled soil;
[0009] S3. Planting companion crops: After refining the soil and planting vegetables, plant companion crops next to the vegetables;
[0010] S4. Remove harmful substances: After the seasonal vegetables have finished planting, lightly till the soil, irrigate, and apply ferrous sulfate;
[0011] S5. Mulching: After dehydration and air drying, mulch the soil surface;
[0012] S6. Fertilization and maintenance: After removing the mulch, apply organic fertilizer and microbial agents.
[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are: before planting, organic fertilizer is spread in the soil and degraded by microorganisms into nutrients that are easy for vegetables to absorb, reducing the application of inorganic fertilizers during vegetable planting, thereby reducing soil compaction and the growth of harmful bacteria; after the seasonal vegetable planting is completed, shallow tillage and irrigation are carried out and ferrous sulfate is applied to remove shallow bacteria in the soil, and then the soil is covered with film, and the soil is further maintained by organic fertilizer and beneficial agricultural microbial agents, which is conducive to the planting of vegetables in the next season.
[0014] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.
[0015] Furthermore, in step S1, the amount of organic base fertilizer used is 25 kg to 30 kg per square meter, the effective component of hypochlorous acid in the hypochlorous acid solution is 35% to 40%, the amount used is 1 L to 1.5 L per square meter, the ozone concentration of the activated oxygen water is greater than 4 ppm, the amount used is 3 L to 5 L per square meter, and after deep plowing, the soil needs to be left to stand for 7 to 10 days.
[0016] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further solutions are that hypochlorous acid or activated oxygen water can kill harmful bacteria in the soil and facilitate the decomposition of organic fertilizer into nutrients that are easily absorbed by vegetables.
[0017] Furthermore, in step S2, the applied biological agent is one or more of Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Pythium, Trichoderma, and Rhizobium.
[0018] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further measures is that applying beneficial bacteria promotes the reproduction of other beneficial bacteria in the soil and improves soil fertility.
[0019] Furthermore, in step S3, the accompanying crop is a leguminous green manure crop, which is planted alternately with the vegetables, and the distance between the accompanying crop and the vegetables is 15cm to 25cm.
[0020] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further measures are that the companion crops reduce vegetable pests and promote mutual growth between vegetables and companion plants.
[0021] Furthermore, in step S4, the irrigation water should completely submerge the soil for 5 to 7 days, and the application rate of ferrous sulfate is 100g to 400g per square meter.
[0022] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further measures is to kill soil-borne pathogens of aerobic microorganisms.
[0023] Furthermore, in step S5, the film covering time is 7 to 10 days.
[0024] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme is to kill soil-borne pathogens by producing a large amount of organic acids through anaerobic fermentation and improve the soil microbial community structure.
[0025] Furthermore, in step S6, after removing the covering film and allowing free ventilation for 5 to 7 days, organic fertilizer and beneficial agricultural microbial agents are applied.
[0026] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further measures is that edible fungi and organic fertilizers can improve soil microbial communities and maintain soil fertility.
[0027] Furthermore, in step S3, before refining the soil and planting vegetables, a soil remediation agent is applied.
[0028] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further solutions is that the soil remediation agent can be used to further remediate the soil.
[0029] Furthermore, in step S6, after the first season of vegetable planting is completed, the second season of vegetables will be planted at least three months later.
[0030] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further measures is to reduce the soil planting load.
[0031] Furthermore, in step S6, after the first season of vegetable planting is completed, vegetables are intercropped or rotated.
[0032] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further solutions are that they can not only improve land utilization, but also make balanced use of nutrients in the soil. Attached Figure Description
[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a specific embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0034] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "length," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "inner," "outer," "circumferential," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the system or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.
[0036] In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0037] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.
[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, a soil health management method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in vegetable cultivation includes the following steps:
[0039] S1. Deep Tillage Before Planting: Spray hypochlorous acid solution or activated oxygen water onto the surface of the soil to be planted, then spread organic base fertilizer and deep till the soil. Specifically, the effective component of hypochlorous acid in the hypochlorous acid solution is 35% to 40%, and the dosage is 1L to 1.5L per square meter. The ozone concentration of the activated oxygen water is greater than 4ppm, and the dosage is 3L to 5L per square meter. Hypochlorous acid solution or activated oxygen water is mainly used to kill harmful bacteria in the soil. To avoid the soil becoming too acidic or alkaline, hypochlorous acid solution and activated oxygen water are applied alternately, that is, hypochlorous acid solution is applied in the first year and activated oxygen water is applied in the second year. After spraying hypochlorous acid solution or activated oxygen water, spread organic base fertilizer on the surface of the soil to be planted. Organic base fertilizer is mainly animal manure or decomposed plant matter. To avoid soil compaction, chicken manure cannot be applied directly. The dosage of organic base fertilizer is 25Kg to 30Kg per square meter. After deep tillage, the soil needs to stand for 7 to 10 days to allow hypochlorous acid or activated oxygen water to kill pathogens and volatilize, reducing subsequent impacts.
[0040] S2. Applying microbial agents: Apply microbial agents to the surface of deeply tilled soil. Specifically, after deep tilling the soil for a period of time, before planting vegetables, refine the soil and then apply microbial agents. The applied microbial agents are one or more of the following: Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Pythium, Trichoderma, and Rhizobium. This increases the growth of beneficial bacteria in the soil. The dead beneficial bacteria or their metabolites can become nutrients that plants can directly absorb, increasing soil fertility.
[0041] S3. Planting Associated Crops: After refining the soil and planting vegetables, plant associated crops next to the vegetables. Specifically, the associated crops are leguminous green manure crops. Leguminous green manure crops with flowering periods are selected to attract insects for egg-laying and habitat, facilitating concentrated pesticide control. The associated crops are planted alternately with the vegetables, with a spacing of 15cm to 25cm between them.
[0042] In another embodiment, different companion plants are selected based on the type of vegetable, i.e., intercropping, to prevent diseases and pests and promote the mutual growth of vegetables. For example, eggplant and beans, tomatoes and cilantro, etc. In some embodiments, for vegetables with higher economic value, to improve their economic worth, sometimes the less valuable companion plants on the soil surface are cut off to reduce nutrient consumption by the companion plants and maximize the economic value of the higher-value vegetables. For vegetables with extensive root systems and high oxygen and nutrient requirements, the soil is refined, and a soil conditioner is applied before planting. Soil conditioners can include silkworm excrement, yeast, and easily decomposable plant straw.
[0043] S4. Removal of Harmful Substances: After the seasonal vegetable planting season, shallowly cultivate the soil, irrigate, and apply ferrous sulfate. Specifically, after the seasonal vegetable planting season, many pathogens and harmful substances will have accumulated in the soil during the planting process. These need to be removed and the soil treated to facilitate the next planting. After the seasonal vegetable planting season, shallowly cultivate the soil, irrigate, and apply ferrous sulfate. The irrigation should completely submerge the soil for 5 to 7 days. The application rate of ferrous sulfate is 100g to 400g per square meter. Irrigation accelerates the degradation of organic matter, while ferrous sulfate adjusts the soil pH and promotes chlorophyll formation in vegetables.
[0044] S5. Mulching: After dehydration and air drying, mulch the soil surface for 7 to 10 days. Anaerobic fermentation produces a large amount of organic acids that kill soil-borne pathogens and improve the soil microbial community structure.
[0045] S6. Fertilization and Maintenance: After removing the mulch, apply organic fertilizer and microbial inoculants. Specifically, after removing the mulch and allowing free ventilation for 5 to 7 days, apply organic fertilizer and beneficial agricultural microbial inoculants. The organic fertilizer acts as a supplementary fertilizer, and through the slow decomposition of the microbial inoculants and other microbial communities, it improves the basic fertility of the soil. After the first season of vegetables is finished, wait at least three months before planting the second season. This interval allows the soil to recover and provides sufficient time for microbial consumption and degradation.
[0046] In other embodiments, after the first season of vegetable planting is completed, vegetables are intercropped or rotated. Rotation or intercropping can not only improve land utilization, balance the use of nutrients in the soil, improve and regulate soil fertility, and reduce the damage of pests and weeds, but also improve the effective photosynthetic area per unit land.
[0047] Before planting, organic fertilizer is spread on the soil and degraded by microorganisms into nutrients that are easy for vegetables to absorb, reducing the application of inorganic fertilizers during vegetable planting, thereby reducing soil compaction and the growth of harmful bacteria. After the seasonal vegetable planting is completed, shallow tillage and irrigation are carried out and ferrous sulfate is applied to remove shallow bacteria in the soil. Then, the soil is covered with film, and organic fertilizer and beneficial agricultural microbial agents are used to further maintain the soil, which is conducive to the next season's vegetable planting.
[0048] Example 1
[0049] Taking the continuous cropping of water spinach in a certain region as an example, the soil health management method to alleviate the obstacles of continuous cropping of water spinach includes the following steps:
[0050] S1. Deep Tillage Before Planting: After spreading organic base fertilizer on the surface of the soil to be planted and spraying with hypochlorous acid solution or activated oxygen water, deeply till the soil. Specifically, spread organic base fertilizer on the surface of the soil to be planted, mainly cow manure and wood ash, at a rate of 10 kg of cow manure and 10 kg of wood ash per square meter. The effective component of hypochlorous acid in the solution is 35%, and the dosage is 1 L per square meter. After deep tillage, the soil needs to be left to stand for 10 days to allow the hypochlorous acid to kill pathogens and volatilize, reducing subsequent impacts.
[0051] S2. Apply microbial agents: Apply microbial agents to the surface of deeply tilled soil. Specifically, after deep tilling the soil for a period of time, before planting water spinach, refine the soil and then apply microbial agents. The applied microbial agents are a mixture of Bacillus polymyxa, Pythium, and Trichoderma to increase the growth of beneficial bacteria in the soil. The dead beneficial bacteria or their metabolites can become nutrients that plants can directly absorb, increasing soil fertility.
[0052] S3. Planting Companion Crops: After refining the soil and planting vegetables, plant companion crops next to the vegetables. Tomatoes can be planted as companion crops. Specifically, a certain amount of silkworm excrement and yeast are applied before planting vegetables and companion plants. Companion crops are planted alternately with vegetables, and the distance between companion crops and vegetables is 15cm to 25cm. In this embodiment, tomatoes, as companion plants, do not need to be removed.
[0053] S4. Removal of Harmful Substances: After the water spinach planting season, lightly cultivate the soil, irrigate, and apply ferrous sulfate. Specifically, after the vegetable planting season, many pathogens and harmful substances will have accumulated in the soil during the planting process. These need to be removed and the soil treated to facilitate the next planting. After the water spinach planting season, lightly cultivate the soil, irrigate, and apply ferrous sulfate. The water should completely submerge the soil for 5 to 7 days. The application rate of ferrous sulfate is 100g to 400g per square meter. Irrigation accelerates the decomposition of organic matter, while ferrous sulfate adjusts the soil pH and promotes chlorophyll formation in the vegetables.
[0054] S5. Mulching: After dehydration and air drying, mulch the soil surface for 7 to 10 days. Anaerobic fermentation produces a large amount of organic acids that kill soil-borne pathogens and improve the soil microbial community structure.
[0055] S6. Fertilization and Maintenance: After removing the mulch, apply organic fertilizer and biological agents. Specifically, after removing the mulch and allowing the soil to ventilate freely for 5 to 7 days, apply the organic fertilizer and biological agents. The organic fertilizer acts as a supplementary fertilizer, and through the slow decomposition by biological agents and other microorganisms, it improves the basic fertility of the soil.
[0056] Table 1 below shows a comparison between the soil management period (five years) and the soil compaction period:
[0057]
[0058]
[0059] In summary, after a period of time, the soil under the soil health management method showed a significant increase in beneficial bacteria, a significant decrease in harmful bacteria, and a significant improvement in the basic fertility of the soil.
[0060] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.
[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A soil health management method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in vegetable cultivation, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Deep tillage before planting: Spray hypochlorous acid solution or oxygen water on the surface of the soil to be planted, then spread organic base fertilizer and deep till the soil. S2. Apply microbial agents: Apply microbial agents to the surface of deeply tilled soil; S3. Planting companion crops: After refining the soil and planting vegetables, plant companion crops next to the vegetables; S4. Remove harmful substances: After the seasonal vegetables have finished planting, lightly till the soil, irrigate, and apply ferrous sulfate; S5. Mulching: After dehydration and air drying, mulch the soil surface; S6. Fertilization and maintenance: After removing the mulch, apply organic fertilizer and microbial agents; In step S1, the amount of organic base fertilizer used is 25Kg to 30Kg per square meter, the effective component of hypochlorous acid in the hypochlorous acid solution is 35% to 40%, the amount used is 1L to 1.5L per square meter, the ozone concentration of the activated oxygen water is greater than 4ppm, the amount used is 3L to 5L per square meter, and after deep plowing, the soil needs to stand for 7 to 10 days. In step S3, the companion crop is a legume green manure crop. The companion crop and vegetables are planted alternately, and the distance between the companion crop and vegetables is 15cm to 25cm. In step S4, the soil should be completely submerged by irrigation for 5 to 7 days, and the amount of ferrous sulfate applied should be 100g to 400g per square meter.
2. The soil health management method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in vegetable cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the applied biological agent is one or more of Bacillus polymyxa, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, Pythium, Trichoderma, and Rhizobium.
3. The soil health management method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in vegetable cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the film covering time is 7 to 10 days.
4. The soil health management method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in vegetable cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, after removing the covering film, allow the area to ventilate freely for 5 to 7 days, then apply organic fertilizer and beneficial agricultural microbial agents.
5. The soil health management method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in vegetable cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, before refining the soil and planting vegetables, a soil remediation agent is applied.
6. The soil health management method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in vegetable cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, after the first season of vegetable planting is completed, the second season of vegetables should be planted at least three months later.
7. The soil health management method for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles in vegetable cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, after the first season of vegetable planting is completed, vegetables are intercropped or rotated.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Method for eliminating succession cropping obstacles of facility cultivation crops
CN112586127A